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  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (6,698)
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  • English  (6,698)
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  • 1
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Shape memory alloys (SMAs) have special property of the shape memory effect. After thermal treatment above the martensitic transition temperature, the alloys come back to the original shape when the alloys heat again after having cooled it to the temperature that is lower than the martensitic transition temperature. By means of this property, many industrial parts and systems were produced. This Special Issue "Shape Memory Alloys 2017" is constructed articles reporting new and progressive research results, as well as reviews of particular classes of fundamental physics of the materials and their applications of SMAs. Through its 17 efficient articles, the reader will approach to researches related to SMAs with their peculiar magnetic, thermo-mechanical properties, superelasticity, plastic deformation and compression under pressure. These physical properties introduce a large number of applications as faster SMA actuators, application of medical devices, industrial joining parts, volts, and magnetic/mechanical/thermal sensors. These articles are intended scientific researchers, professional engineers, students to obtain a better understanding in this field lately.
    Keywords: TN1-997 ; QC501-766 ; Spectroscopy ; Superelasticity ; Thin SMA film ; Plasticity ; Ferromagnetic shape memory alloys ; Martensitic transformation ; SMA applications ; Lattice softening ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TT Other technologies and applied sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Credit risk remains one of the major risks faced by most financial and credit institutions. It is deeply connected to the real economy due to the systemic nature of some banks, but also because well-managed lending facilities are key for wealth creation and technological innovation. This book is a collection of innovative papers in the field of credit risk management. Besides the probability of default (PD), the major driver of credit risk is the loss given default (LGD). In spite of its central importance, LGD modeling remains largely unexplored in the academic literature. This book proposes three contributions in the field. Ye & Bellotti exploit a large private dataset featuring non-performing loans to design a beta mixture model. Their model can be used to improve recovery rate forecasts and, therefore, to enhance capital requirement mechanisms. François uses instead the price of defaultable instruments to infer the determinants of market-implied recovery rates and finds that macroeconomic and long-term issuer specific factors are the main determinants of market-implied LGDs. Cheng & Cirillo address the problem of modeling the dependency between PD and LGD using an original, urn-based statistical model. Fadina & Schmidt propose an improvement of intensity-based default models by accounting for ambiguity around both the intensity process and the recovery rate. Another topic deserving more attention is trade credit, which consists of the supplier providing credit facilities to his customers. Whereas this is likely to stimulate exchanges in general, it also magnifies credit risk. This is a difficult problem that remains largely unexplored. Kanapickiene & Spicas propose a simple but yet practical model to assess trade credit risk associated with SMEs and microenterprises operating in Lithuania. Another topical area in credit risk is counterparty risk and all other adjustments (such as liquidity and capital adjustments), known as XVA. Chataignier & Crépey propose a genetic algorithm to compress CVA and to obtain affordable incremental figures. Anagnostou & Kandhai introduce a hidden Markov model to simulate exchange rate scenarios for counterparty risk. Eventually, Boursicot et al. analyzes CoCo bonds, and find that they reduce the total cost of debt, which is positive for shareholders. In a nutshell, all the featured papers contribute to shedding light on various aspects of credit risk management that have, so far, largely remained unexplored.
    Keywords: recovery rates ; beta regression ; credit risk ; contingent convertible debt ; financial modelling ; risk management ; financial crisis ; recovery rate ; loss given default ; model ambiguity ; default time ; no-arbitrage ; reduced-form HJM models ; recovery process ; Counterparty Credit Risk ; Hidden Markov Model ; Risk Factor Evolution ; Backtesting ; FX rate ; Geometric Brownian Motion ; trade credit ; small and micro-enterprises ; financial non-financial variables ; risk assessment ; logistic regression ; probability of default ; wrong-way risk ; dependence ; urn model ; counterparty risk ; credit valuation adjustment (CVA) ; XVA (X-valuation adjustments) compression ; genetic algorithm ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WC Antiques, vintage and collectables::WCF Collecting coins, banknotes, medals and other related items
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The present volume collects the contributions selected for publication in the Special Issue entitled "Microlocal and Time-Frequency Analysis" of the journal Mathematics, edited by Elena Cordero and S. Ivan Trapasso over 2020 and 2021.
    Keywords: pseudodifferential operators ; Gevrey regularity ; sharp Gårding inequality ; p-evolution equations ; ultradifferentiable functions ; ultradistributions ; extended Gevrey regularity ; boundary values of analytic functions ; wave front sets ; Rio Papaloapan Bridge ; vibration signals ; damage identification ; wavelet energy accumulation method ; admissibility condition ; the continuous wavelet transform ; inversion formula ; semi-discrete wavelet transform ; tight frames ; covriance matrix ; polar duality ; uncertainty principle ; reconstruction problem ; BBM equation ; ill-posedness ; Fourier amalgam spaces ; Wiener amalgam spaces ; Fourier–Lebesgue spaces ; modulation spaces ; bounded measures ; convolution ; homogeneous Banach spaces ; integrated group representation ; Segal algebra ; Wiener amalgam space ; bounded uniform partition of unity ; locally compact groups ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Modern financial management is largely about risk management, which is increasingly data-driven. The problem is how to extract information from the data overload. It is here that advanced statistical and machine learning techniques can help. Accordingly, finance, statistics, and data analytics go hand in hand. The purpose of this book is to bring the state-of-art research in these three areas to the fore and especially research that juxtaposes these three.
    Keywords: Index parameter ; estimation ; wrapped stable ; Hill estimator ; characteristic function-based estimator ; asymptotic ; efficiency ; GARCH model ; HARCH model ; PHARCH model ; Griddy-Gibs ; Euro-Dollar ; safe-haven assets ; gold price ; Swiss Franc exchange rate ; oil price ; generalized Birnbaum–Saunders distributions ; ACD models ; Box-Cox transformation ; high-frequency financial data ; goodness-of-fit ; banking competition ; credit risk ; NPLs ; Theil index ; convergence analysis ; interest rates ; yeld curve ; no-arbitrage ; bonds ; B-splines ; time series ; multifractal processes ; fractal scaling ; heavy tails ; long range dependence ; financial models ; Bitcoin ; capital asset pricing model ; estimation of systematic risk ; tests of mean-variance efficiency ; t-distribution ; generalized method of moments ; multifactor asset pricing model ; Lerner index ; stochastic frontiers ; shrinkage estimator ; seemingly unrelated regression model ; multicollinearity ; ridge regression ; financial incentives ; public service motivation ; job performance ; job satisfaction ; intention to leave ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WC Antiques, vintage and collectables::WCF Collecting coins, banknotes, medals and other related items
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The health and wellbeing of people and the planet is currently receiving a much attention, if only because of the ongoing global crisis instigated by COVID-19. The benefits of nature for human wellbeing have been scientifically studied in multiple disciplines for over three decades. Researchers from disciplines such as ecology, sport science, psychology, tourism, medicine, forestry, environmental studies and architecture have found evidence that being in nature, interacting with nature, and feeling connected to nature are important for good health and wellbeing. In particular, physical activity in nature has been linked to wellbeing. This manuscript explores a particular type of physical activity in nature: adventure and outdoor activity. Adventure in nature is important for wellbeing, and carefully designed interventions and programs can have a profound impact. The work in this book suggests that adventure should be considered an important part of the public health offering.
    Keywords: physical education ; national curriculum ; military personnel ; psychological wellbeing ; outdoor adventure activities ; mental health ; resilience ; mental health problems ; higher education ; outdoor adventure ; multi-variate quantitative analyses ; active components of positive change ; school children ; transitions ; primary and secondary school ; nature ; tailored outdoor education programming ; individuality ; adaptable productive functioning ; green spaces ; health and psychological well-being ; self-determination ; adventure ; armed forces ; physical activity ; recovery ; soldiers ; Nature–based health interventions ; green prescriptions ; wilderness therapy ; forest schools ; green exercise ; adherence ; compliance ; health ; outdoor and adventure activities ; outdoor therapy ; phenomenology ; therapeutic process ; embodiment ; lived-experience ; slow adventure ; time ; slowness ; wellbeing ; cognitive dissonance ; strategies of dissonance reduction ; characteristics of dissonance arousal and modes of reduction ; consonant cognitions ; attitude and behaviour change ; autophenomenology ; adventure education programming ; Ecological Dynamics ; adventure education ; representative design ; outdoor and adventure sports ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Mathematical finance plays a vital role in many fields within finance and provides the theories and tools that have been widely used in all areas of finance. Knowledge of mathematics, probability, and statistics is essential to develop finance theories and test their validity through the analysis of empirical, real-world data. For example, mathematics, probability, and statistics could help to develop pricing models for financial assets such as equities, bonds, currencies, and derivative securities.
    Keywords: cluster analysis ; equity index networks ; machine learning ; copulas ; dependence structures ; quotient of random variables ; density functions ; distribution functions ; multi-factor model ; risk factors ; OLS and ridge regression model ; python ; chi-square test ; quantile ; VaR ; quadrangle ; CVaR ; conditional value-at-risk ; expected shortfall ; ES ; superquantile ; deviation ; risk ; error ; regret ; minimization ; CVaR estimation ; regression ; linear regression ; linear programming ; portfolio safeguard ; PSG ; equity option pricing ; factor models ; stochastic volatility ; jumps ; mathematics ; probability ; statistics ; finance ; applications ; investment home bias (IHB) ; bivariate first-degree stochastic dominance (BFSD) ; keeping up with the Joneses (KUJ) ; correlation loving (CL) ; return spillover ; volatility spillover ; optimal weights ; hedge ratios ; US financial crisis ; Chinese stock market crash ; stock price prediction ; auto-regressive integrated moving average ; artificial neural network ; stochastic process-geometric Brownian motion ; financial models ; firm performance ; causality tests ; leverage ; long-term debt ; capital structure ; shock spillover ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WC Antiques, vintage and collectables::WCF Collecting coins, banknotes, medals and other related items
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This reprint represents the articles published in the Special Issue “Brain Function and Health, Sports, and Exercise”. Fifteen articles were published, with topics covering the relationship between acute effects of exercise on cognitive function, as well as the influence of exercise on positive medium-term adaptations in populations as children, youth, adults and older. We think that the different approaches used in the different articles will help the readers to have a greater overview of the current research in brain and exercise.
    Keywords: aerobic exercise ; creativity ; convergent thinking ; divergent thinking ; flexibility ; insight problem-solving ; cognitive functions ; mood ; vigor ; pleasure ; open-skill exercises ; closed-skill exercises ; cognition ; older adults ; physical activity ; sleep ; inhibitory performance ; mediating effects ; exercise ; attention ; attentional bias ; arousal ; randomized controlled trials ; non-randomized controlled trials ; cross-over studies ; systematic review ; meta-analysis ; video exercises ; attitudes ; online platform ; Brain Breaks® ; handgrip strength ; hypertension ; China ; international physical activity questionnaires ; alternate uses test ; antisaccade ; oculomotor ; task-evoked pupil dilation ; vision ; diffusion tensor imaging ; fractional anisotropy ; inhibitory control ; aerobic fitness ; early adulthood ; long-rope jumping ; 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol ; 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid ; soccer ; sports ; depressive symptoms ; mental health ; brain ; exercise intensity ; executive function ; motor expertise ; balance ; spatial cognition ; high altitude ; cardiorespiratory fitness ; stress ; amygdala ; hippocampus ; physical exercise ; cognitive exercise ; simultaneous training ; healthy aging ; cerebral oxygenation ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure
    Language: English
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: Optimization is considered as a decision-making process for getting the most out of available resources for the best attainable results. Many real-world problems are multi-objective or multi-attribute problems that naturally involve several competing objectives that need to be optimized simultaneously, while respecting some constraints or involving selection among feasible discrete alternatives. In this Reprint of the Special Issue, 19 research papers co-authored by 88 researchers from 14 different countries explore aspects of multi-objective or multi-attribute modeling and optimization in crisp or uncertain environments by suggesting multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) and multi-objective decision-making (MODM) approaches. The papers elaborate upon the approaches of state-of-the-art case studies in selected areas of applications related to sustainable development decision aiding in engineering and management, including construction, transportation, infrastructure development, production, and organization management.
    Keywords: QA75.5-76.95 ; T58.5-58.64 ; artificial neural network ; sustainability hierarchy ; expert ; Rough Hamy aggregator ; sustainable solution ; crank–slider ; technology selection problem ; AHP ; bus pass ; optimization ; discrete time/cost trade-off ; Rough WASPAS ; hybrid multi-criteria decision making (MCDM) ; travel times ; extended Tomada de Decisão Interativa Multicritério (TODIM) ; bi-level programming ; multi-objective evolutionary algorithms ; project scheduling ; WASPAS ; port scheduling ; rehydration ; sustainable transport policy ; gold mines ; hybrid mathematical model ; sustainable developments ; straw bales ; group decision making ; contractor ; Total Interpretive Structural Modeling (TISM) ; MULTIMOORA ; building investment project ; heuristics ; cleaner production (CP) ; particle swarm optimization (PSO) ; optimization study ; critical information infrastructures ; bi-objective optimization ; dynamic analysis ; location-allocation problem ; probabilistic linguistic term sets (PLTSs) ; drying ; multiple objective optimization ; multi-objective decision-making (MODM) ; ranking ; hierarchical SWARA ; choice ; linguistic hesitant fuzzy set and Standard variance ; multiple-attribute decision-making (MADM) ; project ; sustainable energy evaluation ; emission of pollutants ; genetic algorithm ; ARAS-G ; multi-purpose system ; renewable energy ; assessment ; hospital evaluation ; bat algorithm ; multiple-criteria decision-making ; comfort of use of buildings ; energy efficiency ; healthcare facility ; conceptual framework ; hybrid expert system ; engineering ; sustainability ; verbal analysis ; sustainable energy developments ; sustainable development ; hybrid ; public transport ; water resource management ; compacted clay ; multiple criteria decision making (MCDM) ; MCDM ; particle swarm optimization algorithm ; sustainable traffic ; single-cylinder engine ; Rough BWM ; policy measures ; apple ; clay blocks ; historic buildings ; hesitant fuzzy set ; construction ; TOPSIS-GM ; roundabout ; fuzzy ; sustainable transport ; surface transport ; grey ; Multiple Attribute Decision Making (MADM) ; WSM ; ecological building ; management ; Geomean ; SWARA ; vibration suppression ; organizations ; innovation in transport ; risk ; berth-quay crane joint scheduling ; cost calculation ; multiple criteria decision aid ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: The purpose of the Special Issue “Quantitative Methods in Economics and Finance” of the journal Risks was to provide a collection of papers that reflect the latest research and problems of pricing complex derivates, simulation pricing, analysis of financial markets, and volatility of exchange rates in the international context. This book can be used as a reference for academicians and researchers who would like to discuss and introduce new developments in the field of quantitative methods in economics and finance and explore applications of quantitative methods in other business areas.
    Keywords: omnichannel (omni-channel) sales ; sales funnel ; cost of sales ; customer relationship management (CRM), Big Data ; robo-advisor ; financial innovations ; diffusion ; exchange traded funds ; stock index futures ; stock index options ; stock market indexes ; business finance ; earnings management ; EBIT ; financial modelling ; homogeneity ; stationarity ; time series methods ; unit root ; loan pricing ; RAROC ; loan origination ; exchange-rate risk ; long-range dependency ; wavelets ; multi-frequency analysis ; AUD–USD exchange rate ; π-option ; American-type option ; optimal stopping ; Monte Carlo simulation ; economic security of companies ; valuation of intangible assets and intellectual property ; International Valuation Standards (IVS) ; legal disputes over intellectual rights ; time series ; prediction ; exchange rate ; artificial neural networks ; radial basis function ; multi-layer perceptron ; seasonal fluctuations ; global economy ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure::WC Antiques, vintage and collectables::WCF Collecting coins, banknotes, medals and other related items
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-14
    Description: This Special Issue Book presents a total of 12 papers, encompassing 31 different affiliations, with authors from 12 different countries spanning three different regions of the world (Europe, North America, and Asia).
    Keywords: physical activity ; adolescent ; health promotion ; activePal ; intervention ; FMS ; pubescence ; pediatric population ; fundamental movement ; Heart rate ; interval training ; metabolism ; oxygen consumption ; resistance training ; strength training ; youth ; strength ; training ; muscle mass ; muscle function ; performance ; VO2max ; PACER ; non-exercise test ; obesity indices ; body composition ; grip strength ; preschool children ; joint mobility ; development phases ; sport climbing ; stretching ; pediatric dynapenia ; children ; sprint-interval training ; learning in youths ; acute exercise ; school ; attention ; crunning ; socio-demographic ; cognitive ; fitness-tests ; pelvic floor dysfunction ; women’s health ; pelvic floor training ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::W Lifestyle, Hobbies and Leisure
    Language: English
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