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  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)  (2,736)
  • 1965-1969  (2,736)
Collection
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A test object and criteria for high resolution electron microscopy (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The desirability and requirements for a specimen capable of testing the resolving power and other image characteristics of an electron microscope are discussed in detail. In this discussion, the underlying diffraction phenomena are particularly utilized. A partially graphitized carbon black is shown to satisfy the requirements extremely well and constitutes an easily prepared specimen for conducting tests of image quality in the molecular size range. The structure of the test object is known in detail with the result that readily interpretable phase contrast images are obtained. Micrographs illustrating the use of the 3.4 Å (002) spacing for magnification calibration, astigmatism and asymmetry check as well as resolving power are exhibited. The second order c-spacing of 1.7 Å is occasionally found in an image. The micrographs shown herein were taken with two different electron microscopes by different operators obtaining the same structural detail in the images. It is concluded that the carbon black test object offers the best possibilities for evaluating image performance of any specimen yet suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868004930
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Théorie Mathématique des Dislocations by M. Zorawski (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 60-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005005
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long range order in Ag3Mg (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The long range order in a powder sample of Ag3Mg has been studied by X-ray diffraction as a function of quenching temperature below the critical ordering temperature of 665°K. By measuring the positions and integrated intensities of fundamental, superlattice and satellite reflections, the latter arising from the periodic anti-phase boundary structure, the variation with temperature of the overall long range order, antiphase boundary order, and anti-phase boundary periodicity have been determined. It appears that the anti-phase boundaries disorder slightly more with increasing temperature than the average superlattice, and that the boundary spacing, nominally equal to two (M = 2), increases towards that ideal value with increasing disorder below the critical point. These resalts are qualitatively interpreted by extending the reasoning of Sato & Toth on equilibrium long period superlattices to include the case where the Fermi surface becomes progressively more diffuse with increasing disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005017
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A point-focusing camera for single-crystal diffraction (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 84-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Bent-glass mirrors can be used to produce a narrow, highly collimated X-ray beam, particularly suitable for photographing diffraction patterns from crystals with very large unit cells (i.e., several hundred Å to a side). A camera is described that employs double-mirror focusing optics with a precession apparatus. A comparison of optical reflection and simple collimation shows that for high resolving power, focusing devices are very much superior to pinhole collimators. The reduction of background is especially noteworthy. Use of this camera has permitted the collection of accurate three-dimensional data from crystals of tomato bushy stunt virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005054
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of polarization factor of crystal monochromators (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 121-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A new method for determination of the polarization factor of a crystal monochromator is presented. This method is based on the use of polarized X-rays produced by anomalous transmission or the Borrmann effect. The polarization factors of two quartz (10\overline 11) monochromators of Johansson type have been measured with Cu Kα radiation, and the resulting values are in close agreement with the expression derived from the kinematic diffraction theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005121
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An automatic balanced filter device for X-ray diffraction experiments (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 128-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An automatic balanced filter box which may be used on most standard X-ray diffraction tubes is described. It is designed to be used in conjunction with a wide variety of automated X-ray diffraction experiments to change Ross filters and insert attenuators into the incident X-ray beam on receipt of appropriate commands from the control system. The positions of the filters and attenuators may be displayed at all times by using feedback signals generated by a combination of light sources and photocells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005169
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interprétation de la diffusion centrale des rayons X par les systèmes poreux. I (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 153-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A porous system may be characterized by using two statistical distributions of chord lengths: \varphi(l) (particle chords) and f(m) (pore chords). Calculations are presented giving a general relationship between the shape of small angle scattering and the distribution of segment lengths limited by particle and pore boundaries. This development represents a generalization of Porod's method. By means of an approximation, this general expression is simplified and can be applied in many cases. The properties of distributions \varphi(l) [or f(m)] are analysed and it is shown that the condition \varphi(0) = 0 (or f(0) = 0] means that particles (or pores) do not possess any sharp edges. The presence or absence of sharp edges allows the separation of small angle scattering curves into two characteristic forms. The functions \varphi(l) and f(m) corresponding to several simple geometrical forms are analysed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005212
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Une méthode générale pour l'indexation des diagrammes de poudres (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 178-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A rational and optimized method is developed for powder diagram indexing. Since it is based upon systematic attempts to index the first lines with arbitrary indices, the user is presumed to have a large computer at his disposal. The method can take account of additional information already known by the user.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188986800525X
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The variation of the lattice parameter of the solid solutions of lithium oxide in nickel oxide (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 187-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method based on the variation of the lattice parameter with Li content, for the quantitative determination of lithium in the system Lix+Ni1−2x2+Nix3+O2−, is proposed. A precision between 1 and 5% relative, depending upon the concentration range, has been obtained. The results are compared with those obtained by flame emission spectroscopy. For values of x 〉 0.12 the original rhombohedral lattice transforms into a face centred cubic lattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005285
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of vapor-quenched Ag–Ge films (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Ag–Ge films of thickness 1 to 3 microns were prepared by co-evaporation of Ag and Ge onto 0.005′′ thick vitreous silica plates held at liquid nitrogen temperature. The pressure during evaporation was 3 × 10−7 Torr or less. The X-ray scattering of the films and substrates was measured at room temperature with monochromatic Mo Kα and Cu Kα radiation. After correction for substrate scattering, the interference function I(K) was evaluated for each alloy as a function of K = 4π sin &thgr;/λ. The Fourier transform of K[I(K)−1] yielded the reduced distribution function G(r) = 4πrV(r)[ρ(r)−ρ0], where ρ(r) is the weighted atomic density at a distance r from a reference atom, ρ0 is the average atomic density and V(r) is the size factor of the coherently diffracting domains in the sample. Both I(K) and G(r) indicate that the alloy films consist of the Ag solid solution and Ge. The Ag phase cannot be characterized as amorphous, but is micropolycrystalline. The sizes of the coherently diffracting domains or the correlation distances determined from G(r) increased from 12 Å in Ge to 30 Å in Ag-40 at. %Ge. Fourier analyses of the (111) peak profiles of Ge and Ag yielded particle sizes of 13 Å for Ge and 16 Å for the Ag phase in the Ag-83 at. %Ge alloy. The Ag phase particles increased with increasing Ag concentration, reaching a value of 45 Å in the Ag-28 at. %Ge alloy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005352
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