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  • Other Sources  (925)
  • Geozon Science Media  (920)
  • Public Library of Science (PLoS)
  • 1
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    Evolution, systematics, and phylogeography of Pleistocene horses in the New World : a molecular perspective (2005)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    In:  PLoS Biology, 3 (8). e241.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-10-12
    Description: The rich fossil record of horses has made them a classic example of evolutionary processes. However, while the overall picture of equid evolution is well known, the details are surprisingly poorly understood, especially for the later Pliocene and Pleistocene, c. 3 million to 0.01 million years (Ma) ago, and nowhere more so than in the Americas. There is no consensus on the number of equid species or even the number of lineages that existed in these continents. Likewise, the origin of the endemic South American genus Hippidion is unresolved, as is the phylogenetic position of the “stilt-legged” horses of North America. Using ancient DNA sequences, we show that, in contrast to current models based on morphology and a recent genetic study, Hippidion was phylogenetically close to the caballine (true) horses, with origins considerably more recent than the currently accepted date of c. 10 Ma. Furthermore, we show that stilt-legged horses, commonly regarded as Old World migrants related to the hemionid asses of Asia, were in fact an endemic North American lineage. Finally, our data suggest that there were fewer horse species in late Pleistocene North America than have been named on morphological grounds. Both caballine and stilt-legged lineages may each have comprised a single, wide-ranging species.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 2
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    Harnessing positive species interactions as a tool against climate-driven loss of coastal biodiversity (2018)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    In:  PLOS Biology, 16 (9). e2006852.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-08
    Description: Habitat-forming species sustain biodiversity and ecosystem functioning in harsh environments through the amelioration of physical stress. Nonetheless, their role in shaping patterns of species distribution under future climate scenarios is generally overlooked. Focusing on coastal systems, we assess how habitat-forming species can influence the ability of stress-sensitive species to exhibit plastic responses, adapt to novel environmental conditions, or track suitable climates. Here, we argue that habitat-former populations could be managed as a nature-based solution against climate-driven loss of biodiversity. Drawing from different ecological and biological disciplines, we identify a series of actions to sustain the resilience of marine habitat-forming species to climate change, as well as their effectiveness and reliability in rescuing stress-sensitive species from increasingly adverse environmental conditions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 3
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    The Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP): Illuminating the Functional Diversity of Eukaryotic Life in the Oceans through Transcriptome Sequencing (2014)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    In:  PLoS Biology, 12 (6). e1001889.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-03-05
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 4
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    Quartär-geologisch-tephrostratigraphische Neuaufnahme und Interpretation des Pleistozänprofils Kärlich (1989)
    Geozon Science Media
    In:  Eiszeitalter und Gegenwart, 39 . pp. 62-86.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-12
    Description: Die quartäre Sedimentfolge der Kärlicher Tongrube ist ein Schlüsselprofil für das Pleistozän Mitteleuropas: (a) Rhein- und Mosel-Terrassenablagerungen belegen die junge tektonische Hebung des paläozoischen Rheinischen Schildes, (b) Löß- und Paläobodenschichten spiegeln spätquartäre Klimaschwankungen wider, (c) Artefakt-Horizonte dokumentieren eine ausgedehnte frühmenschliche Geschichte des Mittelrheinraums, und (d) zahlreiche eingeschaltete Tephralagen — abgelagert während explosiver Vulkaneruptionen im Osteifel-Vulkanfeld — bilden ideale chronostratigraphische Leithorizonte. Die chemische und mineralogische Zusammensetzung zweier phonolithischer Bims-Fallablagerungen, die bisher als „Wehrer Bimse" bezeichnet wurden, unterscheidet sich drastisch von schlotnahen Tephraablagerungen am Wehr-Vulkan selber. Darüber hinaus zeigen (40)Ar/(39)Ar-Laseranalysen von Feldspat-Kristallen, daß die beiden Tephraablagerungen, mit Eruptionsaltern von 452.000 ± 8.000 Jahren vor Heute (KAE-DT2) und 〈 618.000 ± 13.000 Jahren v. h. (KAE-DTl), bis zu doppelt so alt sind, wie bislang angenommen. Schlotnahe, strombolianisch-phreatomagmatische, mafische Tephraschichten (KAE-BT4; lokale Bezeichnung: „Brockentuff"), die einem interglazialen Paläobodenhorizont im Hangenden der jüngeren Bimsablagerung eingeschaltet sind (lokale Bezeichnung: „Kärlicher Interglazial"), stammen von einem heute erodierten, kleinen Eruptionszentrum NW der Tongrube. (40)Ar/(39)Ar-Datierungen von Phlogopit-Ein-sprenglingen nach dem Stufenheizungs- und Laserverfahren ergeben für KAE-BT4 ein Eruptionsalter von 396.000 ± 20.000 Jahren v. h. Unsere Untersuchung zeigt, daß das Kärlicher Profil vor allem terrestrische Pleistozänablagerungen enthält, die zur Zeit der marinen Sauerstoffisotopenstadien 11 bis 19 abgelagert wurden. Jüngere Schichten sind nur unvollständig im Hangenden von KAE-BT4 erhalten. Das „Kärlicher Interglazial locus typicus" repräsentiert eine ca. 400.000 Jahre alte interglaziale Klimaphase und wird hier mit dem marinen Sauerstoffisotopenstadium 11 korreliert. Frühmenschliche Artefakte, die in Schichten unmittelbar im Hangenden der Tephra KAE-BT4 auftreten, könnten demnach ebenfalls bis zu ca. 400.000 Jahre alt sein.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 5
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    Trophic interactions modify the temperature dependence of community biomass and ecosystem function (2019)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    In:  PLOS Biology, 17 (6). Art.Nr. e2006806.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Aquatic ecosystems worldwide continue to experience unprecedented warming and ecological change. Warming increases metabolic rates of animals, plants, and microbes, accelerating their use of energy and materials, their population growth, and interaction rates. At a much larger biological scale, warming accelerates ecosystem-level processes, elevating fluxes of carbon and oxygen between biota and the atmosphere. Although these general effects of temperature at finer and broader biological scales are widely observed, they can lead to contradictory predictions for how warming affects the structure and function of ecological communities at the intermediate scale of biological organization. We experimentally tested the hypothesis that the presence of predators and their associated species interactions modify the temperature dependence of net ecosystem oxygen production and respiration. We tracked a series of independent freshwater ecosystems (370 L) over 9 weeks, and we found that at higher temperatures, cascading effects of predators on zooplankton prey and algae were stronger than at lower temperatures. When grazing was weak or absent, standing phytoplankton biomass declined by 85%–95% (〈1-fold) over the temperature gradient (19–30 °C), and by 3-fold when grazers were present and lacked predators. These temperature-dependent species interactions and consequent community biomass shifts occurred without signs of species loss or community collapse, and only modestly affected the temperature dependence of net ecosystem oxygen fluxes. The exponential increases in net ecosystem oxygen production and consumption were relatively insensitive to differences in trophic interactions among ecosystems. Furthermore, monotonic declines in phytoplankton standing stock suggested no threshold effects of warming across systems. We conclude that local changes in community structure, including temperature-dependent trophic cascades, may be compatible with prevailing and predictable effects of temperature on ecosystem functions related to fundamental effects of temperature on metabolism.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 6
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    Neutrality in the Metaorganism (2019)
    Public Library of Science (PLoS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-09
    Description: Almost all animals and plants are inhabited by diverse communities of microorganisms, the microbiota, thereby forming an integrated entity, the metaorganism. Natural selection should favor hosts that shape the community composition of these microbes to promote a beneficial host-microbe symbiosis. Indeed, animal hosts often pose selective environments, which only a subset of the environmentally available microbes are able to colonize. How these microbes assemble after colonization to form the complex microbiota is less clear. Neutral models are based on the assumption that the alternatives in microbiota community composition are selectively equivalent and thus entirely shaped by random population dynamics and dispersal. Here, we use the neutral model as a null hypothesis to assess microbiata composition in host organisms, which does not rely on invoking any adaptive processes underlying microbial community assembly. We show that the overall microbiota community structure from a wide range of host organisms, in particular including previously understudied invertebrates, is in many cases consistent with neutral expectations. Our approach allows to identify individual microbes that are deviating from the neutral expectation and are therefore interesting candidates for further study. Moreover, using simulated communities, we demonstrate that transient community states may play a role in the deviations from the neutral expectation. Our findings highlight that the consideration of neutral processes and temporal changes in community composition are critical for an in-depth understanding of microbiota-host interactions.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 7
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    Die „Riesenhirschfundstelle" von Endingen: geowissenschaftliche und archäologische Untersuchungen an einem spätglazialen Fundplatz in Vorpommern (2011)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Vorgestellt werden Neuuntersuchungen an einem 1899 beim Sandabbau entdeckten spätglazialen Fundplatz im Kr. Nordvorpommern. Die z. T. Bearbeitungsspuren aufweisenden Knochenartefakte stammen zum größten Teil vom Elch, je einmal sind Riesenhirsch und Pferd vertreten. Lithische Artefakte sind nicht überliefert. Der in das frühe Alleröd datierende Elchjägerplatz Endingen VI repräsentiert den ältesten absolut datierten Nachweis einer menschlichen Besiedlung in Nordostdeutschland. Die Fundschicht selbst ist offenbar vollständig zerstört worden. Unmittelbar benachbarte Profile weisen eine Abfolge basaler Geschiebemergel, fluvialer Sand des Pleniglazials, spätglaziale Silikatmudde und fluvialer Sand der Jüngeren Dryas auf. Ein Pollendiagramm aus der Silikatmudde zeigt eine Palynostratigraphie vom „Bölling" (neu: „Hippophaë-Phase") bis zum mittleren Alleröd. Die Sedimentbildung und die Vegetationsentwicklung am Fundplatz werden erläutert sowie spätglaziale Nachweise des Riesenhirsches im nördlichen Mitteleuropa diskutiert.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; vorpommern ; alleröd ; sedimentation ; elk ; giant deer ; palynostratigraphy ; northeastern germany ; bölling
    Language: German
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  • 8
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    Beitrag zur Kenntnis arktischer Sedimente (2011)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; postglazial ; wärmezeit ; gyttjen ; sediment ; arktis ; dryastone ; allerödzeit
    Language: German
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  • 9
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    Hang- und Talbildung in Südost-Spitzbergen (auf Grund der Stauferland-Expedition 1959 bis 1967) (2011)
    Geozon Science Media
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; dauerfrostboden ; hangbildung ; talbildung ; spitzbergen ; geomorphologie ; eiskeil ; norwegen ; eisrinde
    Language: German
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  • 10
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    Ein neues Interstadialvorkommen im Ammergebirgsvorland (Obb.) (2011)
    Geozon Science Media
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    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: Im Rahmen einer Glazialkartierung des nördlichen Teiles vom Blatt Bayersoien (1 : 25000, Nr. 8331) wurden am östlichen Rand des Einflußbereiches vom ehemaligen Lechvorlandgletscher interstadiale Sedimente nachgewiesen. An den darin gefundenen Holzresten konnten mit Hilfe der 14C-Methode absolute Altersbestimmungen durchgeführt werden. Das zwischen 31200 und 36000 Jahren festgestellte Alter machte eine Einordnung in die Hauptwürmschwankung möglich. Die Ablagerungsverhältnisse unterstrichen diese Einordnung. Da es sich bei dem Vorkommen um charakteristische Stauseesedimente handelte, wurde angenommen, daß die aufstauende Wirkung von Moränenwällen der Frühwürmvereisung ausging. Untersuchungen der Flora und Mikrofauna ergaben, daß während der Hauptwürmschwankung am nördlichen Alpenrand zumindest teilweise den heutigen Klimabedingungen sehr ähnliche Verhältnisse geherrscht haben müssen.
    Description: research
    Keywords: 551.7 ; VAR 000 ; Glazialgeologie ; flora ; ammergebirgsvorland ; klima ; interstadial ; glazialkartierung ; lechvorlandgletscher ; ammergebirge ; stauseesedimente ; mikrofauna
    Language: German
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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