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  • GFZ Data Services  (983)
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  • 1
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    Ring-shear test data of quartz sand from the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (CH) (2018)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides internal and basal (wall) friction data from ring-shear tests (RST) on a quartz sand material that has been used in tectonic experiments in Zwaan et al. (2016, 2017), Zwaan and Scheurs (2017) and in the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (CH) as an analogue for brittle layers in the crust or lithosphere. The material has been characterized by means of internal and basal friction coefficients μ and cohesions C as a remote service by the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam for the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (UB).According to our analysis the material behaves as a Mohr-Coulomb material characterized by a linear failure envelope. Internal peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients are μP = 0.73, μD = 0.61, and μR = 0.66, respectively. Internal cohesions C are in the range of 10 to 70 Pa. Basal peak, dynamic and reactivation friction coefficients are μP = 0.41, μD = 0.35, and μR = 0.36, respectively, whereas basal cohesions C are in the range of 120 to 150 Pa. The rate dependency of the internal dynamic friction coefficient is insignificant (〈1%).
    Keywords: analogue models of geologic processes ; EPOS ; Multi-scale Laboratories ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; software tools
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 2237044 Bytes
    Format: 3 Files
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  • 2
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    Rheology of PDMS-corundum sand mixtures from the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (CH) (2018)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides rheometric data of silicone (Polydimethylsiloxane, PDMS SGM36)-corundum sand mixtures used for analogue modelling in Zwaan et al. (2016, 2017), Zwaan and Schreurs (2017) and in the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the Institute of Geological Sciences at the University of Bern (CH). The PDMS is produced by Dow Corning and its characteristics have been described by e.g. Rudolf et al. (2016a,b). The corundum sand (Normalkorund Braun 95.5% F120 by Carlo Bernasconi AG: https://www.carloag.ch/shop/catalog/product/view/id/643), has a grainsize of 0.088-0.125 mm and a specific density of 3.96 g cm^-3. Further rheological characteristics are described by Panien et al. (2006). The density of the tested materials ranges between 1 (pure PDMS) and 1.6 g cm^-3 (increasing corundum sand content in mixture). The material samples have been analysed in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam using an Anton Paar Physica MCR 301 rheometer in a plate-plate configuration at room temperature. Rotational (controlled shear rate) tests with shear rates varying from 10^-4 to 10^-1 s^-1 were performed.According to our rheometric analysis, the material is quasi Newtonian at strain rates below 10^-3*s^-1 and weakly shear rate thinning above. Viscosity and stress exponent increase systematically with density from ~4*10^4 to ~1*10^5 Pa*s and from 1.06 to 1.10, respectively. A first application of the materials tested can be found in Zwaan et al. (2016). Detailed information about the data, methodology and a list of files and formats is given in the "data description" and "list of files" that are included in the zip folder and also available via the DOI landing page.
    Keywords: analogue models of geologic processes ; EPOS ; Multi-scale Laboratories ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; software tools
    Type: Dataset
    Format: 1316271 Bytes
    Format: 3 Files
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  • 3
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    Digital image correlation data from analogue modelling experiments addressing orthogonal and rotational extension at the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (CH) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes the results of digital image correlation of ten brittle-viscous experiments on crustal extension and four benchmark experiments performed at the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (UB). The experiments demonstrate the differences in rift development in orthogonal versus rotation extension. Detailed descriptions of the experiments and monitoring techniques can be found in Zwaan et al. (2019) to which this data set is supplementary. Additional background information concerning the general modelling approach are available in Zwaan et al. (2016).. The data presented here consist of movies displaying digital image correlation (DIC) derived surface and internal displacement fields as well as profiles of the lateral cumulative surface displacements.Digital photographs of the experimental surface and digital image cross section of the computed CT-scans were analyzed with DIC (Adam et al., 2005, 2013) techniques to quantify displacements in the image plane at high precision (〈0.1 mm). DIC was undertaken with the software DaVis 8.0 (LaVision) applying 2D-DIC (FFT-legacy) multipass processing with a final interrogation window size of 32x32 (CT: 12x12) pixels and 50% (CT: 25%) overlap.
    Keywords: analogue models of geologic processes ; EPOS ; Multi-scale laboratories ; analogue modelling results ; EARTH SCIENCE SERVICES 〉 DATA ANALYSIS AND VISUALIZATION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH ; tectonic setting 〉 extended terrane setting 〉 continental rift setting ; tectonic process 〉 continental_breakup 〉 rifting ; rift valley ; depression ; Silicon/Silly putty/PDMS ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Sand 〉 Corundum Sand ; Extension box ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 〉 StrainMaster (La Vision GmbH) ; X-ray computed tomographic scanner (CT-scan) ; SLR camera ; Surface image
    Language: English
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
    Format: 3 Files
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  • 4
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    Rheology of viscous materials from the CNR-IGG Tectonic Modelling Laboratory at the University of Florence (Italy) (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-09-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This dataset provides rheometric data of three viscous materials used for centrifuge experiments at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of CNR-IGG at the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Florence (Italy). The first material, PP45, is a mixture of a silicone (Polydimethylsiloxane or PDMS SGM36) and plasticine (Giotto Pongo). The PDMS is produced by Dow Corning and its characteristics are described by e.g. Rudolf et al. 2016a,b). Giotto Pongo is produced by FILA (Italy). Both components are mixed following a weight ratio of 100:45, and the final mixture has a density of 1520 kg m3. The second material, SCA705 is a mixture of Dow Corning 3179 putty, mixed with fine corundum sand and oleic acid with a weight ratio of 100:70:05 and a resulting density of 1660 kg m3. The final material, SCA7020 consists of the same components as SCA705, but with a slightly higher oleic acid content reflected in the weight ratio of 100:70:20. The mixture’s density is 1620 kg m3. The material samples have been analyzed in the Helmholtz Laboratory for Tectonic Modelling (HelTec) at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam using an Anton Paar Physica MCR 301 rheometer in a plate-plate configuration at room temperature (20˚C). Rotational (controlled shear rate) tests with shear rates varying from 10-4 to 1 s-1 were performed. Additional temperature tests were run with shear rates between 10-2 to 10-1 s-1 for a temperature range between 15 and 30˚C. According to our rheometric analysis, the materials all exhibit shear thinning behavior, with high power law exponents (n-number) for strain rates below 10-2s-1, while power law exponents are lower above that threshold.For PP45, the respective n-numbers are 4.8 and 2.6, for SCA705 6.7 and 1.5, and for SCA7020 9.1 and 2.0. The temperature tests show decreasing viscosities with increasing temperatures with rates of -3.8, -1.4 and -1.9% per ˚K for PP45, SCA705 and SCA7020, respectively. An application of the materials tested can be found in Zwaan et al. (2020).
    Keywords: EPOS ; analogue models of geologic processes ; Multi-scale Laboratories ; property data of analogue modelling materials ; European Plate Observing System ; software tools ; Force sensor ; Plasticine ; Python ; Rheometer ; Sand 〉 Corundum Sand ; Silicon/Silly putty/PDMS ; Stress exponent ; Temperature measurement ; Viscosity
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 5
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    Digital image correlation data from analogue modelling experiments addressing the influence of basin geometry on gravity-driven salt tectonics at the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Rennes (F) (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-11
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes the results of digital image correlation of 35 brittle-viscous experiments on gravitational salt tectonics performed at the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Rennes 1 (UR1). The experiments demonstrate the influence of basin geometry on gravity-driven salt tectonics. Detailed descriptions of the experiments can be found in Zwaan et al. (2021) to which this data set is supplementary. The data presented here consist of movies and images displaying the cumulative analogue model surface displacement, digital elevation models as well as profiles of the downslope cumulative displacements and surface elevation.
    Keywords: EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; analog models of geologic processes ; salt tectonics ; analog modelling results ; diapir ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 〉 StrainMaster (La Vision GmbH) ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES ; earth surface setting 〉 subaqueus setting 〉 marine setting ; fold-and-thrust belt ; Gravity sliding simulator ; normal fault ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; sedimentary process 〉 deposition ; Silicon/Silly putty/PDMS ; slope and gravitational features ; SLR camera ; Structure from Motion (SfM) 〉 Photoscan (Agisoft) ; tectonic process 〉 continental_breakup ; tectonic setting 〉 passive continental margin setting
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 6
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    CT data, PIV analysis results and surface view videos of analogue models of interacting crustal and mantle weaknesses during rifting (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-16
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes videos depicting the surface evolution (time laps photographs and Particle Image Velocimetry or PIV analsys) of 15 analogue models on rift tectonics, as well as 4D CT imagery (figures and videos) from four of these experiments. The experiments examined the influence of differently oriented mantle and crustal weaknesses on rift system development using a brittle-viscous set-up. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of the University of Bern (UB). Detailed descriptions of the experiments and monitoring techniques can be found in Zwaan et al. (2021).
    Keywords: EPOS ; European Plate Observing System ; analogue models of geologic processes ; analogue modelling results ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION RATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT RATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 LITHOSPHERIC PLATE MOTION 〉 PLATE MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 LITHOSPHERIC PLATE MOTION 〉 PLATE MOTION RATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRAIN
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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  • 7
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    PIV and topographic analysis data from analogue experiments involving 3D structural inheritance and multiphase rifting (2021)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-17
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes videos depicting the surface evolution (time-lapse photographs and Particle Image Velocimetry or PIV analysis) of 38 analogue models, in five model series (A-E), simulating rift tectonics. In these experiments we examined the influence of differently oriented mantle and crustal weaknesses on rift system development during multiphase rifting (i.e. rifting involving changing divergence directions or -rates) using brittle-viscous set-ups. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of the University of Bern (UB). The brittle and viscous layers, representing the upper an lower crust, were 3 cm and 1 cm thick, respectively, whereas a mantle weakness was simulated using the edge of a moving basal plate (a velocity discontinuity or VD). Crustal weaknesses were simulated using “seeds” (ridges of viscous material at the base of the brittle layers that locally weaken these brittle layers). The divergence rate for the Model A reference models was 20 mm/h so that the model duration of 2:30 h yielded a total divergence of 5 cm (so that e = 17%, given an initial model width of ca. 30 cm). Multiphase rifting model series B and C involved both a slow (10 mm/h) and fast (100 mm/h) rifting phase of 2.5 cm divergence each, for a total of 5 cm of divergence over a 2:45 h period. Multiphase rifting models series D and E had the same divergence rates (20 mm/h) as the Series A reference models, but involved both an orthogonal (α = 0˚) and oblique rifting (α = 30˚) phase of 2.5 cm divergence each, for a total of 5 cm of divergence over a 2:30 h period. In our models the divergence obliquity angle α was defined as the angle between the normal to the central model axis and the direction of divergence. The orientation and arrangements of the simulated mantle and crustal weaknesses is defined by angle θ (defined as the direction of the weakness with respect to the model axis. An overview of model parameters is provided in Table 1, and detailed descriptions of the model set-up and results, as well as the monitoring techniques can be found in Zwaan et al. (2021).
    Keywords: EPOS ; analogue models of geologic processes ; analogue modelling results ; multi-scale laboratories ; deformation 〉 ductile flow ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; depression ; Digital Image Correlation (DIC) / Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) 〉 StrainMaster (La Vision GmbH) ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION RATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT RATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 LITHOSPHERIC PLATE MOTION 〉 PLATE MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 LITHOSPHERIC PLATE MOTION 〉 PLATE MOTION RATE ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRAIN ; fault 〉 oblique slip fault ; Generic camera ; geologic process ; graben ; graben ; normal fault ; rift valley ; rifting ; Sand 〉 Corundum Sand ; Sand 〉 Quartz Sand ; Sandbox ; Silicon/Silly putty/PDMS ; tectonic process 〉 continental_breakup 〉 rifting ; tectonic setting 〉 extended terrane setting 〉 continental rift setting ; X-ray computed tomographic scanner (CT-scan)
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 8
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    Images and videos of analogue centrifuge models exploring marginal flexure during rifting in Afar, East Africa (2020)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-28
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes images and videos depicting the evolution of deformation and topography of 17 analogue experiments c passive margin development, to better understand the ongoing tectonics along the western margin of Afar, East Africa. The tectonic background that forms the basis for the experimental design is found in Zwaan et al. 2019 and 2020a-b, and references therein. The experiments, in an enhanced gravity field in a large-capacity centrifuge, examined the influence of brittle layer thickness, strength contrast, syn-rift sedimentation and oblique extension on a brittle-viscous system with a strong and weak viscous domain. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of of the Istituto di Geoscience e Georisorse - Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR-IGG) and of the Earth Sciences Department of the University of Florence (CNR/UF). The brittle layer (sand) thickness ranged between 6 and 20 mm, the underlying viscous layer, split in a competent and weak domain (both viscous mixtures), was always 10 mm thick. Asymmetric extension was applied by removing a 1.5 mm thick spacer at the side of the model at every time step, allowing the analogue materials to spread when enhanced gravity was applied during a centrifuge run. Differential stretching of the viscous material creates flexure and faulting in the overlying brittle layer. Total extension amounted to 10.5 mm over 7 intervals for Series 1 models that aimed at understanding generic passive margin development in a generic orthogonal extension setting, whereas up to 16.5 mm of extension was applied for the additional Series 2 models aiming at reproducing the tectonic phases in Afar. In models involving sedimentation, sand was filled in at time steps 2, 4 and 6 (i.e. after 3, 6 and 9 mm of extension). Detailed descriptions of the experiments, monitoring techniques and tectonic interpretation of the model results are presented in Zwaan et al. (2020c) to which these data are supplementary.
    Keywords: EPOS ; Analogue modelling results ; multi-scale laboratories ; Rifting ; Passive margin ; antiform ; deformation 〉 ductile flow ; deformation 〉 folding ; deformation 〉 fracturing ; depression ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION 〉 CRUSTAL MOTION DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT 〉 FAULT MOVEMENT DIRECTION ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRAIN ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 STRESS ; flexure/buckle ; geologic process ; graben ; graben ; normal fault ; plateau ; rift valley ; rifting ; sedimentary process 〉 deposition ; tectonic and structural features ; tectonic process 〉 continental_breakup 〉 rifting ; tectonic setting 〉 extended terrane setting 〉 continental rift setting ; tectonic setting 〉 plate margin setting 〉 active continental margin setting ; tectonic setting 〉 plate spreading center setting
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 9
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    A novel method for analogue modelling of lithospheric-scale rifting, monitored through X-Ray CT-scanning, at the University of Bern Tectonic Modelling Laboratory (Switzerland) (2023)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-24
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set is a description of a novel analogue modelling method used to run lithospheric-scale tectonic models, and to uniquely monitor these models through X-Ray CT-scanning techniques at the Tectonic Modelling Lab of the University of Bern (Switzerland). It includes information on the model set-up and model materials, and includes a step-by-step description of the general modelling procedure. A first application of this novel procedure, for the simulation of lithospheric scale rifting processes can be found in Zwaan & Schreurs (2023a) in Tectonics, with supplementary data publicly available via GFZ Data Services (Zwaan & Schreurs 2023b). The results of this work prove the feasibility of the method, and opens the door to a broad variety of new tectonic modelling studies.
    Keywords: analogue modelling ; CT-scanning ; EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; analogue modelling results ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 CLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC PROCESSES 〉 RIFTING
    Type: Other , Other
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  • 10
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    Time-lapse imagery, digital image correlation (DIC) and topographic analysis of laboratory experiments simulating the evolution of the East African Rift System (2023)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-15
    Description: Abstract
    Description: This data set includes overviews and videos depicting the surface evolution (time-lapse photographs, topography data and digital image correlation [DIC] analysis) of 6 analogue models simulating rotational rift tectonics. In these experiments we examined the links between rotational rifting and different distributions of lithospheric weaknesses, and the evolution of the East African Rift System. All experiments were performed at the Tectonic Modelling Laboratory of the University of Bern (UB). Detailed descriptions of the model set-up and results, as well as the monitoring techniques can be found in Zwaan et al. (2023).
    Keywords: EPOS ; multi-scale laboratories ; analogue models of geologic processes ; analogue modelling results ; time-lapse camera ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 CLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 PALEOCLIMATE INDICATORS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES 〉 TECTONIC PROCESSES 〉 RIFTING
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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