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  • Elsevier  (5,804,747)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (241,959)
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  • 1
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    Double dare: Climate change and volcanic activity threatens local populations of Meta menardi (Araneae, Tetragnathidae) in Sicily (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: Meta menardi (Latreille, 1804) and M. bourneti Simon, 1922 (Araneae: Tetragnathidae) are ubiquitous inhabitants of the twilight zone of most hypogean sites across Europe. The two species are broadly distributed in Italy, including Sicily, where they show a remarkable segregation along the altitudinal gradient of Mount Etna. Thanks to our recent sampling activities in this area, we create a georeferenced dataset allowing the application of Species Distribution Modelling aiming at evaluating the current and the future habitat in light of the impacts caused by climate change on the local populations. We predicted a relatively wide suitable area for M bourneti, ranging from the sea level up to 1100 m a.sl., whereas for M. menardi the suitable area encompasses a narrow mid altitude strip, extending halfway between the areas suitable for M. bourneti, and the highly unsuitable volcanic uplands, heavily disturbed by the volcanic activity. The averaged future predictions for 2070 under RCP 8.5 scenario, show that M. bourneti will expand its range upwards, in areas that are now suitable for M. menardi. In turn, predictions for M. menardi indicate an extreme reduction of the current strip of suitable habitat, likely determining its local extinction. Our findings are further corroborated by the analysis of the bioclimatic niche of the two species assessed via multidimensional Hutchinsonian hypervolume, being much smaller in M. menardi compared to of M. bourneti. In light of our results, it seems likely that having wider climatic preference, M. bourneti will substitute M. menardi in most of its current range in Sicily. Future interventions aiming at the conservation of M. menardi on Mount Etna are strongly advised.
    Description: Published
    Description: e02699
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Cave-dwelling spiders ; Mount Etna ; Lava caves ; Climate change ; Niche segregation ; Species distribution modelling
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Exploring the tidal responses of ocean worlds with PyALMA (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: Observations of the tidal response of celestial bodies quantified by the Love numbers are highly relevant in planetary geophysical investigations because they provide unique insight into the interior structures. For example, the high sensitivity of tidal deformations to the properties of the oceans detected beneath the icy surfaces of some moons is of paramount importance for investigations of their habitability. We present here PyALMA3, a software framework developed in Python devoted to the computation of planetary Love numbers. PyALMA3 is based on ALMA3, a previous version developed in Fortran. Conversion to Python significantly improves the accessibility and portability of the software. We tested PyALMA3 by applying it to the exploration of the tidal responses of Europa and the other Galilean moons. We show that accurate modeling of effects such as the viscoelastic deformations of ice and the water density gradient in the ocean (variations of 2–3% on the real part of k2) will be important in the context of geophysical investigations that will be conducted by future missions targeting icy moons, such as Europa Clipper and JUICE.
    Description: Published
    Description: 116120
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Galilean satellites ; Tides ; Planetary interior ; Ocean planets
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Spectral and norm estimates for matrix-sequences arising from a finite difference approximation of elliptic operators (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: When approximating elliptic problems by using specialized approximation techniques, we obtain large structured matrices whose analysis provides information on the stability of the method. Here we provide spectral and norm estimates for matrix-sequences arising from the approximation of the Laplacian via ad hoc finite differences. The analysis involves several tools from matrix theory and in particular from the setting of Toeplitz operators and Generalized Locally Toeplitz matrix-sequences. Several numerical experiments are conducted, which confirm the correctness of the theoretical findings.
    Description: Published
    Description: 10-43
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Toeplitz matrix ; Generating function and spectral symbol ; Approximation of differential operators
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Need for harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring of African Great Lakes (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-20
    Description: To ensure the long-term sustainable use of African Great Lakes (AGL), and to better understand the functioning of these ecosystems, authorities, managers and scientists need regularly collected scientific data and information of key environmental indicators over multi-years to make informed decisions. Monitoring is regularly conducted at some sites across AGL; while at others sites, it is rare or conducted irregularly in response to sporadic funding or short-term projects/studies. Managers and scientists working on the AGL thus often lack critical long-term data to evaluate and gauge ongoing changes. Hence, we propose a multi-lake approach to harmonize data collection modalities for better understanding of regional and global environmental impacts on AGL. Climate variability has had strong impacts on all AGL in the recent past. Although these lakes have specific characteristics, their limnological cycles show many similarities. Because different anthropogenic pressures take place at the different AGL, harmonized multilake monitoring will provide comparable data to address the main drivers of concern (climate versus regional anthropogenic impact). To realize harmonized long-term multi-lake monitoring, the approach will need: (1) support of a wide community of researchers and managers; (2) political goodwill towards a common goal for such monitoring; and (3) sufficient capacity (e.g., institutional, financial, human and logistic resources) for its implementation. This paper presents an assessment of the state of monitoring the AGL and possible approaches to realize a long-term, multi-lake harmonized monitoring strategy. Key parameters are proposed. The support of national and regional authorities is necessary as each AGL crosses international boundaries.
    Description: Published
    Description: 101988
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Biodiversity ; Climate change ; Erosion
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Physical and chemical characterization of the Pomici di Avellino ashes (3.9 ka) from Somma-Vesuvius volcano for future health hazard assessment (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: Volcanic ashes can threaten the human respiratory system through inhalation. In this study we investigated the physical and chemical characteristics of volcanic ashes from the Pomici di Avellino (PdA) eruption, an Early Bronze Age (ca. 3.9 ka) Plinian event from Somma-Vesuvius volcano, southern Italy, whose wide dispersal affected most of the Italian peninsula. In particular, we analysed particle size, shape, composition, and surface reactivity of samples from both proximal and distal locations. Our results indicate that some tephra layers north of Rome have a phonolitic composition and match that of PdA eruption; they reach grain-sizes 〈2 μm (~13.5%), thus having the potential to enter the deep respiratory system. Furthermore, the reactivity in free radical generation makes these products potentially able to cause oxidative stress within cells. While commonly no volcanic hazard assessment is made in areas far from active volcanoes, this study highlights that fine ashes from future similar large eruptions, producing high amount of highly fragmented material, can pose a health hazard even in remote, non-volcanic areas, hundreds of km away from the vent, suggesting that further studies on ash toxicity (e.g., in vitro toxicity studies) are required.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107826
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Statistical retrieval of volcanic activity in long time series orbital data: Implications for forecasting future activity (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: Several high spatial resolution thermal infrared (TIR) missions are planned for the coming decade and their data will be crucial to constrain volcanic activity patterns throughout pre- and post-eruption phases. Foundational to these patterns is the subtle (1−2 K) thermal behavior, which is easily overlooked using lower spatial resolution data. In preparation for these new data, we conducted the first study using the entire twenty-two-year archive of higher spatial, lower temporal resolution TIR data from the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor. This archive presents a unique opportunity to quantify low-magnitude temperature anomalies and small plumes over long time periods. We developed a new statistical algorithm to automatically detect the full range of thermal activity and applied it to 〉5000 ASTER scenes of five volcanoes with well-documented eruptions. Unique to this algorithm is its ability to use both day and night data, account for clouds, quantify accurate background temperatures, and dynamically scale depending on the anomaly size. Results improve upon those from the more commonly used lower spatial resolution data, despite the less frequent temporal coverage of ASTER, and show that high spatial resolution TIR data are equally as effective. Significantly, the smaller, subtle thermal detections served as precursory signals in ∼81% of eruptions, and the algorithm's results create a framework for classifying future eruptive styles.
    Description: Published
    Description: 113704
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Tectonically-determined distribution of monogenetic volcanoes in a compressive tectonic regime: An example from the Pannonian continental back-arc system (Central Europe) (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: This paper presents the results from a geographic information systems (GIS) workflow, which was used to analyze the spatial distribution and temporal evolution of volcanoes in the Mio-Pleistocene monogenetic Bakony- Balaton Highland Volcanic Field (BBHVF), located in the Pannonian Basin, Hungary. Volcanism occurred during the tectonic inversion in a back-arc setting and a compressive/transpressive tectonic regime on the hottest and thinnest lithosphere of continental Europe. The main goal of this study is to clarify the effect of the pre-existing structure of the upper lithosphere in the distribution of the volcanic centers across the volcanic field using an innovative GIS methodology. Orientation of the volcanic field was compared to the orientation of the faults in the BBHVF, and in its larger vicinity, which resulted in correspondence, suggesting the dominance of the SW-NE direction. The directions of the volcanic lineaments fit well to the two main fault directions. The fault-volcano proximity analysis suggests that the fault plane of a thrust fault was an important structural feature during the lifespan of the volcanism. All results suggest that the fault plane of a regionally significant Cretaceous thrust fault (Lit ́er Fault) might have served as a temporary pathway for the ascending magma, whereby (similarly to other, smaller faults) redirecting the magmas causing clustering of the volcanoes. This highlights the importance of major upper crustal structural heterogeneities for magma transport in a compressive tectonic system, espe- cially in the case of active, monogenetic volcanic fields from a volcanic hazard perspective. The present GIS workflow can be effective in analyzing the spatial patterns of the volcanism and its connection with crustal structures at monogenetic volcanic fields worldwide.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107940
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    Equatorial plasma bubble intensities across longitudinal sectors of the globe using GNSS observations (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: We present the first investigation of Equatorial Plasma Bubble (EPB) intensities across longitudinal sectors of the globe using observations from global navigation satellite system (GNSS) receivers. GNSS data from a total of 93 receiver stations located within ±20 degrees of the geomagnetic equator across the globe were used. The data covered periods of years 2014 and 2019 which are respectively years of high and low solar activity in solar cycle 24. We define a parameter known as the Standard deviation of Residual TEC (SRT) to characterize the EPB intensities. The EPB occurrence was defined by day-night differences of the rate of change of TEC index (ROTI). We observed a high correlation (r ∼ 0.80) between the magnitudes of the SRT and ROTI during the EPB occurrence, but the correlation is low (r ∼ 0.37) during non occurrence of EPB. The EPB intensities are greater during seasons with high occurrence rates. The EPB intensities and occurrence rates are also greater during the high solar activity. We found that the post-sunset intensities are greatest in the Atlantic region, followed by the African region, then the American, Australian, Asian, and Pacific regions in that order. The post-midnight intensities are greatest in the African region, followed by the Atlantic, American, Australian, Asian, and Pacific regions in that order.
    Description: Published
    Description: 106097
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 01.02. Ionosphere
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    The Mekong River Basin : Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast (2024)
    Elsevier
    In:  Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: The Mekong River Basin: Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast, Volume Three presents real facts, data and predictions for quantifying human-induced changes throughout the Mekong watershed, including its estuaries and coasts, and proposes solutions to decrease or mitigate the negative effect and enable sustainable development. This is the first work to link socio–ecological interaction study over the whole Mekong River basin through the lens of ecohydrology. Each chapter is written by a leading expert, with coverage on climate change, groundwater, land use, flooding drought, biodiversity and anthropological issues. Human activities are enormous in the whole watershed and are still increasing throughout the catchment, with severe negative impacts on natural resources are emerging. Among these activities, hydropower dams, especially a series of 11 dams in China, are the most critical as they generate massive changes throughout the system, including in the delta and to the livelihoods of millions of people and they threaten sustainability.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 10
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    UNFCCC must confront the political economy of net-negative emissions (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: Recent demands by developing countries, like India, that developed countries need to reach net-negative emissions, must be negotiated seriously under the UNFCCC. Failure to acknowledge that limiting global average temperature rise to 1.5°C leaves very little carbon budget for equitable redistribution risks further ambiguity on how to achieve the Paris Agreement’s goals.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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