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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Theoretical Framework Linking Creativity, Empowerment, and Organizational Memory (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Creativity and innovation management 6 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-8691
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: Empowerment, creativity, and organizational memory are constructs that have been researched in MIS. While each construct has received individual attention, we have found relatively little research linking them. One of the major edicts of empowerment is delegation of decision making authority to lower-level employees. Increased authority allows employees more freedom to be creative. However, if creative thought is generated but not captured, innovative ideas may be lost. Organizational memory can capture creative ideas as they are generated so that empowered teams can draw upon positive creative experiences.We developed a theoretical model to illuminate the relationships between organizational memory, worker empowerment, and creativity. The model portrays the linkages between empowerment and creativity, creativity and organizational memory, and organizational memory and empowerment. The model was developed based on the literature in each respective area and an interview-based study concerning “empowered” systems development project teams and organizational memory. Analysis of the interview data revealed that empowered workers generate creative solutions to problems. However, creative solutions can only be used for future projects if they are somehow recorded into organizational memory. Organizations that empowered their workforce and embraced creativity reported increased customer satisfaction, waste reduction, and some quality gains. In contrast, those that did not empower reported little or no change. Organizations that recorded creative solutions to problems believe that retrieval of this information could be potentially useful for future projects. Potential challenges faced by organizations classified into each cell are also presented. This classification scheme should prove useful as a guide to organizations examining the potential benefits and pitfalls of worker empowerment and organizational memory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8691.00047
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasporal body from Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kenyae composed of a novel combination of inclusions and Cry proteins (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 134 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new type of insecticidal parasporal body is reported from Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies kenyae (H4a4c) isolated from maize dust in Mexico. This parasporal body is spherical to oblong and composed of three inclusions, one spherical, one cuboidal, and one bipyramidal. Together, these contain four major proteins, three in the Cryl size class (138, 133, and 131 kDa), and one in the CryII size class (65 kDa). Monoclonal antibodies that recognize CryIB reacted with the 138-kDa protein, but those that recognize CryIA(a) or CryIA(a) and CryIA(b) did not react with any of the proteins. This isolate was more toxic (LC50= 96 ng cm−2 diet) to first instars of the diamond back moth, Plutella xylostella, than the HD1 isolate of B. thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (LC50= 182 ng cm−2 diet).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07937.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential enhancement of Cry2A versus Cry11A yields in Bacillus thuringiensis by use of the cry3A STAB mRNA sequence (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 181 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Previously we demonstrated that the yield of Cry3A (70 kDa) can be increased as much as 10-fold when cry3A including its upstream STAB-SD mRNA stabilizing sequence is expressed in Bacillus thuringiensis under the control of cyt1A promoters. To determine whether the cyt1A promoters/STAB-SD combination (cyt1AP/STAB) has broader applicability, we used it to synthesize two other Cry endotoxins in the 70-kDa mass range, Cry2A and Cry11A. Combination of cyt1AP/STAB with orfs 2 and 3 of the cry2A operon yielded about 4.4-fold the amount of Cry2A obtained with the wild-type cry2A operon. The yield of Cry11A obtained with a construct that contained the cyt1AP/STAB, cry11A and the 20-kDa protein gene was 1.3-fold the amount obtained with a construct similar to the wild-type operon. These results demonstrate that the cyt1AP/STAB combination can enhance synthesis of different Cry proteins significantly, but that the level of enhancement varies with the specific protein synthesized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb08862.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of Solute Concentrations Using the Pathline Counting Method (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Ground water 32 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-6584
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences
    Notes: The paper discusses the use of the “pathline counting” approach to estimate solute concentrations at an extraction well using particle-tracking flow models. The pathline counting approach is a unique method for predicting solute concentrations due to mixing. The pathline counting method using the semianalytical module RESSQC, contained within the WHPA model, was compared to MT3D, a numerical mass transport code, for a simple hypothetical problem. Results from the comparison indicate that results from the pathline counting approach were in reasonable agreement with the MT3D results. This approach was then applied to a field study, the Park City Bioremediation Project. The migration of a conservative tracer injected into three upgradient cells was simulated to estimate the concentration of solute at two pumping wells. The calculated concentrations compared favorably with measured field concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1994.tb00912.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synergism of mosquitocidal toxicity between CytA and CrylVD proteins using inclusions produced from cloned genes of Bacillus thuringiensis (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 13 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The toxicity to mosquito larvae of the parasporal body produced by Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis and the PG-14 isolate of B. thuringiensis subsp. morrisoni is at least 20-fold greater than any of the four mosquitocidal proteins of which It is composed (CytA, CrylVA, B, and D). This high toxicity is postulated to be due to synergistic interactions among parasporal proteins. However, this remains controversial because values reported for the specific toxicity of individual proteins, especially the CytA protein, vary widely owing to the methods used to purify and assay toxins against larvae. In an attempt to resolve questions of purity, specific toxicity, and synergism, individual genes encoding the CytA and CrylVD toxins were cloned and expressed in acrystalliferous B. thuringiensis subsp. israelensis cells using the shuttle vector pHT3101. CytA and CryIVD inclusions were purified and their toxicity was determined alone and when combined at different ratios using bio-assays against first instars of Aedes aegypti. The LC50 for the CytA inclusion was 60 ng ml−1, whereas the LC50 for the CryIVD was 85ng ml−1 In comparison, the LC50s for different combinations of CytA and CrylVD inclusions ranged from 12–15 ng ml−1, 4–5 times higher than the toxicity of either protein alone, demonstrating marked synergism between these two proteins. These results suggest that the high toxicity of the wild-type parasporal bodies of B. thuringiensis subspp. israelensis and morrisoni Is due to synergism among three or four of their major proteins.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00488.x
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