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  • 1
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The second half of CHAIN Cruise #11, 22 February until 22 March, 1960, is detailed as to type of measurements made with their specific locations. The cruise areas were in the St. Croix region, the Puerto' Rico Trench and the tracks from the Bahamas to Bermuda to Woods Hole. Camera lowerings, lowerings of the thermal probe and accompanying cores, dredging, sound velocimeter lowerings, and acoustic studies of the scattering layer were the special events undertaken while precision bathymetry and towing of the Continuous Temperature Recording Chain were on a watch standing basis.
    Description: Undersea Warfare Branch, Office of Naval Research Under Contract Nonr- 1367(00) (NR- 261-10 2)
    Keywords: Underwater photography ; Submarine topography ; Marine sediments
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The purpose of this data file, which has been modelled after Hathaway (1971), is to make available most of the basic data that was collected as part of Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's study of New Bedford Harbor. The New Bedford Harbor project, which was jointly funded by the Office of Sea Grant and Woods Hole, was designed to examine the past and present patterns of dispersal and accumulation of fine-grained sediments and waste materials in New Bedford Harbor and its approaches.
    Description: Prepared for the Department of Commerce, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, Office of Sea Grant under Contract 04-6-158-44016 and 04-6-158-44106.
    Keywords: Estuarine sediments ; Estuarine pollution ; Marine sediments ; Sedimentation analysis ; Factory and trade waste ; Sewage disposal ; Water quality
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2022-05-25
    Description: The primary objective of this publication is to share with a wider audience the valuable information and extensive dialogue that took place amongst over 140 individuals who attended the second in a series of planned workshops on the science and management of coastal landforms in Massachusetts. This workshop took place at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on January 24, 2001. The individuals who attended this workshop are actively engaged in planning, managing, regulating, engineering, educating, and studying coastal landforms and their beneficial functions. This workshop titled, Can Humans & Coastal Landforms Co-exist?’, was a natural follow-up to a previous workshop, Coastal Landform Management in Massachusetts, held at WHOI October 9-10, 1997 (proceedings published as WHOI Technical Report #WHOI-98-16). The workshop had a very practical, applied focus, providing state-of-the-art scientific understanding of coastal landform function, case history management and regulation of human activities proposed on coastal landforms, a multi-faceted mock conservation commission hearing presented by practicing technical consultants and attorneys that involved all attendees acting as regulators in breakout sessions, and, at the conclusion of the workshop, an open discussion on all issues related to the science and management of coastal landforms, including future research needs.
    Description: Funding for these proceedings was provided by WHOI Sea Grant and the NOAA National Sea Grant College Program Office, Department of Commerce, under NOAA Grant No. M10-2, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Project No. NA86R60075.
    Keywords: Coastal ; Landforms ; Humans
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 68-4, series later renamed WHOI-.
    Description: In February-March 1965, a series of piston cores were taken aboard ATLANTIS II off the coast of Arabia, Pakistan, and India (Figure 1) in water depths of about 3,000 meters. The principal objectives of this program were (a ) to obtain information on the change in petrology of the sediments as a function of geography and depth (b) to study the microfauna in the sediment profiles, and (c) to apply geochemical tools for the elucidation of the diagenetic fate of the organic matter and the history of the sediments. This article presents data on the geochemical part of the project. Principally, we are concerned with the oxygen and carbon isotope distribution in carbonates, the carbon isotope composition of sedimentary organic matter, and the amino acid composition of the sediment material. These studies represent a part of a larger program at our Institute which is concerned with the distribution of (a) stable isotopes and (b) organic compounds such as amino acids, carbohydrates, or hydrocarbons in recent and ancient sediments, natural waters, and marine organisms.
    Description: National Science Foundation under Grant GP-4904
    Keywords: International Indian Ocean Expedition (1960-1965) ; Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII15 ; Marine sediments ; Amino acids
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Keywords: Marine sediments ; Corrosion and anti-corrosives
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The objective of this investigation was to measure bottom loss in normal incident reflection of pulses of twelve kcps sound and to study its geological significance. To this end a semi-automatic instrument system was developed which is capable of making continuous measurements of the peak pressure and the time integral of the square of the pressure of the sea floor echo, from a vessel underway. Observations were taken in both deep and shallow water areas in the Western North Atlantic. The early cruises were conducted in deep water to investigate the range and variability of bottom loss values. Geological control consisted mainly of a precise bathymetric record. The later cruises were conducted in shall ow water, in areas where the geology has been well studied previously by investigators using techniques of classical geology. In these latter cruises the acoustic measurements were correlated with a schedule of sediment dredging and underwater photography. Thirty-one thousand acoustic measurements were made. Median bottom loss values and standard deviations were computed and the results summarized in eleven hundred sets, each set corresponding to a location at sea. Seventy-seven sediment stations were occupied. A complete particle size analysis and a water content analysis were performed on these sediments to determine their size and mass characteristics . The size characteristics included the median grain size, the sorting coefficient, and the percentages of gravel, sand, silt, and clay. A sediment class name was determined from the gravel, sand, silt, and clay percentages according to the Shepard system of classification. The mass characteristics included porosity, bulk density, sound velocity, acoustic impedance, Rayleigh reflection coefficient, and theoretical bottom loss. The combined results show a good correlation between measurements of bottom loss and both mass and size characteristics of the sediment. The measured bottom loss increases as the porosity increases. The measured bottom loss also increases as the silt-clay percentage increases since the porosity of sediments generally increases as this fraction increases. It seems that the Rayleigh reflection coefficient can be used to predict acoustic bottom loss at normal incidence. Conversely, normally-incident bottom loss can be used under the assumption of a Rayleigh reflection process to determine the nature of the bottom sediment. The acoustical and geological results have been made available in tabulations, scatter diagrams, and as geographical plots. Except for the initial measurements, all operations, including the final displays, were accomplished through automatic digital processing machines.
    Description: The Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr-4029 ~ Nonr-13 67~ Nonr-1841 (74) ~ NR 083 -15 7~ and the Bureau of Ships under Contracts NObsr-72521 and NObsr-89464.
    Keywords: Marine sediments ; Ocean bottom ; Underwater acoustics--Instruments
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 7
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Science at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.
    Description: The first of two sets of data reported here, measured over two-dimensional immobile current ripples, comprises skin-friction time series at four streamwise positions and velocity profiles measured to within a few mm of the bed. The velocity profiles cannot be linked to the local mean skin friction through the law of the wall, so they do not represent an internal boundary layer growing downstream of reattachment. Rather the velocity field is the sum of a spatially averaged rotational profile and a locally inviscid perturbation. Normalized skin-friction spectra are independent of position, but skin-friction probabilty density functions show strong increases in skewness and kurtosis near reattachment. The second set of data comprises measurements of the skin-friction vector field around isolated hemispheres with and without model sedimentary tails, and skinfriction and velocity measurements on arrays of hemispheres with and without tails. The skin-friction field around an isolated hemisphere is not consistent with formation of growth of a sedimentary tail more than about two obstacle heights long. The skin-friction field in a hemisphere array of areal density 0.02 is significantly distorted from the isolated-element case, and the roughness length in arrays of two areal densities is not altered by addition of tails.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant aCE 77-20437 and by the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-80-C-0273.
    Keywords: Current ripples ; Skin-friction patterns ; Sedimentary tails ; Roughness length ; Rough turbulent boundary layers ; Ocean bottom ; Marine sediments ; Frictional resistance (Hydrodynamics)
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report , Thesis
    Format: 11418850 bytes
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: An investigation of the release of Ni-63, Co-60, and Fe-55 from Inconel 600 and 347SS stainless steel specimens implanted in marine sediment for one year is described. Radiochemical analysis of the sediment from overcores of the metal specimens permits estimation of integrated activities, release rates, and diffusion coefficients of the three radionuclides. Disturbance of the sediment upon recovery limits the values to order of magnitude estimates. The redox chemistry of the sediments is characterized by measurement of several naturally occurring oxidizing agents and is correlated with the behavior of the radionuclides. Details of the deployment, sampling and analytical procedures are also given.
    Keywords: Marine sediments ; Corrosion and anti-corrosives ; Metals
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 9
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    Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: A listing of high southern latitude (〉30° S) pre-Pleistocene sediment cores is given for samples obtained by the coring and drilling programs of the Lamont-Doherty Geological Observatory, the Antarctic Program of the Florida State University, the French Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, and the Deep Sea Drilling Program. Information on geologic age, core length, lithology, bathymetry, and geographic location are given for each sediment sample. Ages of cores are given whenever possible to the nearest sub-epoch (middle Miocene, etc), together with (when known) the fossils used to determine the age, and the source of the age determination. Many core ages are from previously unpublished sources. The listing provides information on approximately 500 different cores. A computer-searchable version of the database may be obtained by writing to the senior author. A brief analysis of latitudinal and bathymetric patterns of sedimentation is also given for the Paleogene, Miocene, and Pliocene of the Southern Ocean. Throughout the Neogene, an essentially modern pattern of sedimentation is seen, with carbonate ooze predominating north of the present-day position of the polar front, siliceous ooze between the polar front and approximately 65° S, and clay near the Antarctic continent and in water depths 〉4 km. Paleogene and Cretaceous patterns of sedimentation appear to be different, but are difficult to distinguish due to plate motion and subsidence, and also because of the relatively small number of available pre-Neogene sediment cores.
    Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. OCE 79-19092 and DPP83-17087.
    Keywords: Marine sediments
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2022-05-26
    Description: The deep western boundary current (DWBC) of the Indian Ocean flows northward along the western margin of the Mascarene Basin, and is funneled through a narrow passage (near 09°S, 52°E) prior to entering the Somali Basin to the north. Recently completed geological and geophysical operations within this passage reveal the presence of fields of well-developed abyssal sediment waves, with amplitudes of 10 to 50 meters and wavelengths of hundreds of meters to ~1 km. The two principal fields of sediment waves are confined to the flanks of the passages, and are restricted to a narrow depth interval (~3950 to 4150 meters). Individual waves appear to be elongated parallel to the passage axis and the presumed flow direction of the DWBC. The waves are relatively transparent to low-frequency echo sounding (3.5 kHz) and seismic profiling (17-70Hz), although weak internal reflectors are present within individual waves. These reflectors are conformable with the overlying sea floor, thereby suggesting neither upslope nor downslope migration of the waves. The sediment comprising the waves is a well-sorted calcareous ooze dominated by fine silt components (principally coccoliths), in marked contrast to the heterogeneous biogenic ooze on the adjacent channel floor. The lithology and local distribution pattern of the waves suggest that they are constructional bedforms associated with the flow of the DWBC, and not slump structures. A deep hydrocast at the sill of the channel indicates a near-bottom layer of Antarctic Bottom Water (Θ 〈0.9°C) approximately 200 meters thick, whose depth range corresponds with that of the sediment waves. Interpretations of the origin of the sediment waves in terms of the local flow regime will require (1) a more precise description of the physiography and structure of individual sediment waves; and (2) closely-spaced measurements of the nearbottom velocity structure of the DWBC within regions of the passage where sediment waves are apparently forming.
    Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE76-21522
    Keywords: Marine sediments ; Waves ; Atlantis II (Ship : 1963-) Cruise AII93-7
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Technical Report
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