ALBERT

Description: The technical reports prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1992 are listed in this bibliography. Inquiries about availabilty of extra copies will be handled on an individual basis. Initial distribution of the reports is controlled by the funding agencies.

Description: The 1991 Acoustic Surface Reverberation Experiment (ASREX 91) took place in November and December off the coast of British Columbia. As part of this experiment, three moorings were deployed to characterize the environmental background. The moorings consisted of a meteorological/oceanographic mooring designed to measure surface meteorology, current and temperature in the upper 120 meters, and nondirectional wave parameters and two wave moorings which were instrumented with pitch-roll buoys to characterize the directional wave spectrum. This report presents results from these three moorings. The conditions seen during the experiment were extremely rough, with wind speeds at 3.4m above the water surface reaching a maximum of 22 m/s and wave heights reaching a maximum of over 10 meters. The air-sea flux of heat was strongly cooling, and the mixed layer deepened over the course of the experiment from approximately 40 to approximately 70 meters. Spectra of the temperature showed a strong semidiurnal tidal signal associated with temperature excursions of several degrees C. The velocity signal showed strong inertial oscilations with amplitudes of 30-50 cm/s. Weaker low-frequency and semidiurnal tidal signals were also seen. The waves were very strong with significant wave heights of 5-6 meters persisting for up to 2 weeks at a time. Waves were generally out of the south or the west.

Description: Funding was provided by the Ocean Acoustics Program (Code 324OA) of the Office of Naval Research under contract N00014-91-J-1891.

Description: The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide ongoing climate-quality records of surface meteorology; air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum; and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually, with cruises that have come between October and December. During the 2008 cruise on the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were recovery of the Stratus 8 WHOI surface mooring that had been deployed in October 2007, deployment of a new (Stratus 9) WHOI surface mooring at that site; in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison with instrumentation put on board by staff of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL); and observations of the stratus clouds and lower atmosphere by NOAA ESRL. A buoy for the Pacific tsunami warning system was also serviced in collaboration with the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Chilean Navy (SHOA). The DART (Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami) carries IMET sensors and subsurface oceanographic instruments. A DART II buoy was deployed north of the STRATUS buoy, by personnel from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) Argo floats and drifters were launched, and CTD casts carried out during the cruise. The ORS Stratus buoys are equipped with two Improved Meteorological (IMET) systems, which provide surface wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, incoming shortwave radiation, incoming longwave radiation, precipitation rate, and sea surface temperature. Additionally, the Stratus 8 buoy received a partial CO2 detector from the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). IMET data are made available in near real time using satellite telemetry. The mooring line carries instruments to measure ocean salinity, temperature, and currents. The ESRL instrumentation used during the 2008 cruise included cloud radar, radiosonde balloons, and sensors for mean and turbulent surface meteorology. Finally, the cruise hosted a teacher participating in NOAA’s Teacher at Sea Program.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA17RJ1223 for the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR).

Description: The R/V Oceanus, on Cruise 475, carried out the deployment of three moorings for the Coastal and Global Scale Nodes (CGSN) Implementing Organization of the NSF Ocean Observatories Initiative. These three moorings are prototypes of the moorings to be used by CGSN at the Pioneer, Endurance, and Global Arrays. Oceanus departed from Woods Hole, Massachusetts on September 22, 2011 and steamed south to the location of the mooring deployments on the shelf break. Over three days, September 23-25, Oceanus surveyed the bottom at the planned mooring sites, deployed the moorings, and carried out on site verification of the functioning of the moorings and moored hardware. Oceanus returned to Woods Hole on September 26, 2011.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation through the Consortium for Ocean Leadership

Description: The Distinguished Lecture Series 1964-1965, sponsored by Science Bureau, Washington Board of Trade, presented at Georgetown University, January 27, 1965

Description: Tonight, I want to tell you about another great oceanographic expedition; one which has been done in the tradition of the past great expeditions, but with all the tools available to modern oceanography. This is the International Indian Ocean Expedition, which constitutes the cooperative efforts of some 27 nations which have committed over 40 oceanographic research vessels to more than 70 cruises in the Indian Ocean over the past four years. It has been supported in this country by the National Science Foundation, the Navy, the Weather Bureau, the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries and the Coast and Geodetic Survey. Officially, the International Indian Ocean Expedition is being completed during the current year but it will be many years before all the data have been thoroughly analyzed and evaluated.

Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 64-51, series later renamed WHOI-.

Description: This report contains charts of Cruise 43 of the CHAIN in the North Atlantic Ocean - Mediterranean Sea - Red Sea and Indian Ocean. There are 150 charts plotted on a Mercator Projection (Scale 1° longitude equals 4 inches) showing the track of the entire cruise. All types of observations made during the cruise are noted by suitable symbols or legends and are shown on Index Charts I through XIII. There are 42 pages showing continuous daily observations, including types of information gathered at each of the 115 stations. Soundings are read at equal time intervals, usually every five minutes, and at each break in slope. They are written along the ship's track as often as space permits.

Description: Prepared under National Science Foundation Grant GP-2370 and under Contract Nonr-4029(00) with the Office of Naval Research.

Description: En route from the U. S. to Bombay, India during February - March, 1963 an unscheduled oceanographic section of 13 stations was made in the Arabian Sea between Aden and Bombay. Standard hydrographic casts were made to 1400 meters indicated depth (1000 meters at Stations 1-3) for meas9rement of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate and silicate. A large, plastic sampler was used to obtain water samples from depths corresponding to 100, 50, 25, 10 and 1% of the sunlight incident to the surface. These samples were used for measurement of primary productivity (C-14 method), phytoplankton pigments, particulate carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus.

Description: This volume contains the abstracts of manuscripts submitted for publication during calendar year 1992 by the staff and students of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We identify the journal of those manuscripts which are in press or have been published. The volume is intended to be informative, but not a bibliography. The abstracts are listed by title in the Table of Contents and are grouped into one of our five deparents, Marine Policy Center, Coastal Research Center, or the student category. An author index is presented in the back to facilitate locating specific papers.

Description: This volume contains the abstracts of manuscripts submitted for publication during calendar year 1991 by the staff and students of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We identify the journal of those manuscripts which are in press or have been published. The volume is intended to be informative, but not a bibliography. The abstracts are listed by title in the Table of Contents and are grouped into one of our five departents, Marine Policy Center, Coastal Research Center, or the student category. An author index is presented in the back to facilitate locating specific papers.

Description: This volume contans the abstracts of manuscripts submitted for publication during calendar year 1990 by the staff and students of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We identify the journal of those manuscripts which are in press or have been published. The volume is intended to be informative, but not a bibliography. The abstracts are listed by title in the Table of Contents and are grouped into one of our five deparments, Marine Policy Center, Coastal Research Center, or the student category. An author index is presented in the back to facilitate locating specific papers.

Description: The following report, in two volumes, presents the reduced oceanographic, chemical,and biological data, bathythermograph positions, and station lists for biological collections taken during Cruise 1 of the ANTON BRUUN in the Bay of Bengal during March-May, 1963, as a part of the International Indian Ocean Expedition. The cruise track is shown in Figure 1. Tables 1-3 respectively give the cruise itinerary with port calls, a summary of the types of scientific activities carried out during the cruise, and a list of the techniques employed with references. A narrative report of Cruise 1 including the list of participants, related shore activities, and preliminary scientific results was issued as News Bulletin No. 2 of the U.S. Program in Biology, IIOE, dated July, 1963.

Description: Cruise 6 of the R/V ANTON BRUUN, originating from Bombay on May 15 and terminating at Durban, South Africa on July 16, 1964, was the second of two cruises on which a special effort was made to sample the meso- and bathypelagic fauna of the western Indian Ocean. Collections were made with a 10-ft Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl at 61 stations from about 18° N latitude to 41° S latitude, along the 65° E meridian. In addition to the midwater trawl collections, the basic program of hydrography, biological oceanography, and primary production was continued. Presented in this report are the reduced oceanographic, chemical, and biological data, station lists of plankton, midwater trawl, and miscellaneous biological collections, and bathythermograph positions for Cruise 6. A narrative report of Cruise 6 was issued as News Bulletin No.8 of the U. S. Program in Biology, IIOE, dated December, 1964.

Description: Cruise 2 of the R/V ANTON BRUUN took place in the western Indian Ocean from May 22 to July 23, 1964, The following report presents the station lists for plankton collections, bathythermograph positions, and reduced oceanographic, chemical, and biological data for Cruise 2. The cruise track is shown in Figure 1, and the itinerary with ports of call is given in Table 1. A summary of the types of scientific activities carried out during the cruise, and a list of the techniques employed are given in Tables 2 and 3, respectively. In addition to the basic hydrographic and biological programs and the researches of individual scientists, a special program of long-line fishing was carried out in a cooperative effort with the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. Details regarding the composition of the long-line catches and associated data are on file at the Biological Laboratory; Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Honolulu, Hawaii. A narrative report of Cruise 2, including a list of participants and brief descriptions of their research interests and preliminary results, was issued as New Bulletin No. 3 of the U. S. Program in Biology, IIOE, dated January, 1964,

Description: The proposed cruise of R/V CHAIN to the Indian Ocean will take place from February to June 1964. Following the Indian Ocean section of the cruise, R/V CHAIN will proceed to the Mediterranean Sea and will do further work in this area. The latter program will be covered in a separate cruise plan. The background and objectives of the scientific program in the Indian Ocean are detailed in the research proposal submitted to the National Science Foundation, found in Appendix A.

Description: This work was performed under NSF Grant 2370 with the National Science Foundation, and ONR Contract 4029(00) with the Office of Naval Research.

Description: The primary objective of this publication is to share with a wider audience the valuable information and extensive dialogue that took place amongst over 140 individuals who attended the second in a series of planned workshops on the science and management of coastal landforms in Massachusetts. This workshop took place at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on January 24, 2001. The individuals who attended this workshop are actively engaged in planning, managing, regulating, engineering, educating, and studying coastal landforms and their beneficial functions. This workshop titled, Can Humans & Coastal Landforms Co-exist?’, was a natural follow-up to a previous workshop, Coastal Landform Management in Massachusetts, held at WHOI October 9-10, 1997 (proceedings published as WHOI Technical Report #WHOI-98-16). The workshop had a very practical, applied focus, providing state-of-the-art scientific understanding of coastal landform function, case history management and regulation of human activities proposed on coastal landforms, a multi-faceted mock conservation commission hearing presented by practicing technical consultants and attorneys that involved all attendees acting as regulators in breakout sessions, and, at the conclusion of the workshop, an open discussion on all issues related to the science and management of coastal landforms, including future research needs.

Description: Funding for these proceedings was provided by WHOI Sea Grant and the NOAA National Sea Grant College Program Office, Department of Commerce, under NOAA Grant No. M10-2, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Sea Grant Project No. NA86R60075.

Description: To investigate vertical mixing processes influencing the evolution of the stratification over continental shelves a moored array was deployed on the New England shelf from August 1996 to June 1997 as part of the Office of Naval Research's Coastal Mixing and Optics program. The array consisted of four mid-shelf sites instrumented to measure oceanic (currents, temperature, salinity, pressure, and surface gravity wave spectra) and meteorological (winds, surface heat flux, precipitation) variables. This report presents a description of the moored array, a summary of the data processing, and statistics and time-series plots summarizing the data. A report on the mooring recovery cruise and a summary of shipboard CTD surveys taken during the mooring deployment are also included.

Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-95-1-0339.

Description: The technical reports prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1990 are listed in this bibliography.

Description: During the period October 1985 to October 1986 a large group of oceanographers collaborated in an intensive field effort called the Gibraltar Experiment. Scientists from Morocco, Spain, France, the United Kingdom, Canada and the United States joined together to obtain an extensive suite of measurements which greatly enlarged the oceanographic data base for the Strait of Gibraltar. Primary experiment goals included obtaining one realization of the annual flow cycle, understanding the dynamical balances of the strait flow, developing strategies for long-term monitoring of the Strait, and increasing knowledge of strait effects on the adjacent ocean. Preliminary results show progress toward each of these four goals.

Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through contract Numbers N00014-82-C-0019, N00014-85-C-0001, and N00014-87-K-0007.

Description: The technical reports prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1986 are listed in this bibliography.

Description: The Nantucket Shoals Flux Experiment (NSFE79) was conducted across the continental shelf and upper slope south of Nantucket from March, 1979 to April , 1980 to measure the flow of shelf water from the Georges Bank/Gulf of Maine region into the Middle Atlantic Bight. Conceived as a cooperative field experiment involving the Northeast Fisheries Center (NMFS), U.S. Geological Survey (Woods Hole), University of New Hampshire, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, the experiment contained two principal components, a moored array of current meter and bottom instrumentation deployed at six locations across the shelf and upper slope spanning a depth range from 46 m to 810 m, and a series of 27 hydrographic surveys made along or near the moored array line during the experiment. A basic description of the NSFE79 hydrographic data has been given in Part 1 by Wright (1983). A description of the moored array components and the basic moored array data sets is presented here in Part 2.

Description: The NEFC participation was supported by the NMFS Marine Resources Monitoring, Assessment, and Prediction (MARt-1AP) Program. The U.S. Bureau of Land Management (BLM) supported the USGS field and analysis component under t~emoranda of Understanding M550-MU6-79, M551-MU8- 24, M551-MU9-4, and M551-MU0-18. The WHO! and UNH field programs were supported by the National Science Foundation under Grants OCE 78-19513 and OCE 78-26229.

Description: A hydrographic survey was made on August 1-16, 1981 on the People's Republic of China R/V Shijian to measure the regional hydrographic structure in the East China Sea near the mouth of the Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River. The objectives of the hydrographic program were to document the spatial structure of the Chang Jiang discharge over the continental shelf and characterize the river's influence on the shelf water masses during a period of maximum river discharge. A summary of the hydrographic observations made during Cruise ECS81-1 on the R/V Shijian is presented in graphic form.

Description: Prepared for the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration under Cooperative Agreement NA81AA-H-00008 and for the National Science Foundation under Grant 0CE 80-14941.

Description: Held at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Mass., April 20-21, 1982

Description: This report details the results of a workshop held at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHO!) on April 20-21, 1982. The workshop, part of an effort by the Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program (MPOM) of WHO! intended to assist interested developing countries in formulating strategies for ocean resource use and management within their new 200-rnile exclusive economic zones. The effort, presently called the Cooperative International Marine Affairs Program (CIMAP), began in November of 1981 after the William H. Donner Foundation of New York City responded favorably to a proposal submitted by Dr. David A. Ross, Director of MPOM.

Description: Prepared by the Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program with funds from the William H. Donner Foundation, the Pew Memorial Trust, and the. Johnson Endowment Fund.

Description: Presented in this report are the reduced oceanographic, chemical, and biological data, station lists of plankton and benthic collections, and bathythermograph positions for Cruises 7 and 8 of the R/V ANTON BRUUN; and the station lists of reef and inshore, plankton, benthic, and miscellaneous biological collections, and bathythermograph positions for Cruise 9. Narrative reports of Cruises 7 and 8 were issued as News Bulletins No. 9 (Jan. 1965) and No. 10 (Feb. 1965), respectively, by the U. S. Program in Biology, IIOE. Cruises 7 and 8 were devoted primarily to benthic biology. On Cruise 7, which concentrated on the area east of South Africa and south of Madagascar (Fig.1), collections of the bottom fauna were made with a variety of gear including Campbell and Van Veen grabs, Phleger and trigger corers, Menzies and Agassiz trawls, rock dredges, and Dietz-Lafond snappers. On Cruise 8 collections were made in the Mozambique Channel and adjacent continental shelves (Fig. 2) mainly with a 40 ft. Gulf of Mexico type shrimp trawl, Menzies trawl, and Ockelman dredge. Cruise 9 emphasized reef and shore collecting in some of the more remote island areas in the southwestern Indian Ocean (Fig. 3). Specimens were obtained by SCUBA and free diving, rotenone poisoning, and collecting in the exposed intertidal zones of the reef and shore areas of Mombasa, Kenya (Fig. 4); Latham Island south of Zanzibar; Grand Comore and Mayotta Islands (Figs. 5 and 6); Aldabra and Farquhar Islands (Figs. 7 and 8); St. Joseph's and D'Arros Islands in the Amirante Isles (Fig. 9); and Mahe and Cerf Islands in the Seychelles (Fig.10) . Although general collections were made at all these areas, certain groups received special attention because of specific interests among the scientific party. These included macroscopic algae, seagrasses, mollusks, commensal and parasitic copepods, parasitic helminths, nemerteans, ostracods, lancelets, pontoniid shrimps, fishes and Ascothoracida, a parasitic group of barnacles found in the certain cavities of zoantharians and echinoderms. At most of the island stations, longline gear and a 200 ft. shark gill net were fished. Bottom trawling with a Gulf of Mexico shrimp trawl was impractical because of the many pinnacles and dome-shaped formations around the various islands. Towards the end of Cruise 9, a series of trawl hauls was made on the narrow continental shelf along the Somali coast. Most of the Cruise 9 scientific party left the ship at Aden on December 20. The remaining members made a series of plankton collections in the Red Sea, and disembarked at Rurghada, U.A.R. to make shore collections

Description: Cruise 3 of the R/V ANTON BRUUN, originating from Bombay on August 8 and terminating at Port Louis, Mauritius on September 20, 1963, was the first of two cruises on which a special effort was made to sample the meso- and bathypelagic fauna of the western Indian Ocean. Collections were made with a 10-ft Isaacs-Kidd midwater trawl at 17 stations from 11°56'N latitude to 40°54'S latitude, along the 60°E meridian. In addition to the midwater trawl collections, the basic program of hydrography, biological oceanography, and primary production was continued. Presented in this report are the reduced oceanographic, chemical, and biological data, station lists of plankton, midwater trawl, and miscellaneous biological collections, and bathythermograph positions for Cruise 3. A narrative report of Cruise 3 was issued as News Bulletin No.4 of the U. S. Program in Biology, IIOE, dated February, 1964.

Description: The Third Acoustic Surface Reverberation Experiment (AS REX III) took place from December 1993 to March 1994 at Site L (34°N, 70°W) in the mid-Atlantic. As part of this experiment, two moorings were deployed to measure the environmental background. A meteorological and oceanographic mooring was deployed to characterize the surface wind stress, buoyancy flux, and the current and temperature structure over the top 500 meters. A Seatex Wavescan buoy was deployed to characterize the directional wave spectrum. This report presents results from these moorings. Wind speeds up to 25 m/s were seen, with significant heat losses (up to 1050 W/m2) when cold continental air moved out over the warm Atlantic. The wave heights ranged up to 8 m, with significant wave heights of several meters persisting for relatively long periods. Wave height and period, nondirectional spectra, directional spectra and a typology of wave events are presented and related to surface forcing.

Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through Grant No. NOOOl4-91-J-1891.

Description: The technical report and theses prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1994 and 1995 are listed in ths bibliography.

Description: The technical reports prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1991 are listed in this bibliography.

Description: The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide ongoing climate-quality records of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually, with past cruises that have come between October and January. A NOAA vessel was not available, so this cruise was conducted on the chartered ship, Moana Wave, belonging to Stabbert Maritime. During the 2011 cruise on the Moana Wave to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were the recovery of the subsurface part of the Stratus 10 WHOI surface mooring, deployment of a new (Stratus 11) WHOI surface mooring, in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison with instrumentation installed on the ship by staff of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), and collection of underway and on station oceanographic data to continue to characterize the upper ocean in the stratus region. The Stratus 10 mooring had parted, and the surface buoy and upper part had been recovered earlier. Underway CTD (UCTD) profiles were collected along the track and during surveys dedicated to investigating eddy variability in the region. Surface drifters and subsurface floats were also launched along the track. The intent was also to visit a buoy for the Pacific tsunami warning system maintained by the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Chilean Navy (SHOA). This DART (Deep- Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami) buoy had been deployed in December 2010.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA0900AR4320129

Description: The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide ongoing climate-quality records of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually. A NOAA vessel was not available, so this cruise was conducted on the Melville, operated by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography. During the 2012 cruise on the Melville to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were the deployment of the Stratus 12 WHOI surface mooring, recovery of the previous (Stratus 11) WHOI surface mooring, in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison with instrumentation installed on the ship, and collection of underway and on station oceanographic data to continue to characterize the upper ocean in the stratus region. Underway CTD (UCTD) profiles were collected along the track. Surface drifters and subsurface floats were also launched along the track.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA09OAR4320129.

Description: The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Hawaii Ocean Timeseries Site (WHOTS), 100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii, is intended to provide long-term, high-quality air-sea fluxes as a part of the NOAA Climate Observation Program. The WHOTS mooring also serves as a coordinated part of the Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT) program, contributing to the goals of observing heat, fresh water and chemical fluxes at a site representative of the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 22.75°N, 158°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations will be used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. This report documents recovery of the eighth WHOTS mooring (WHOTS-8) and deployment of the ninth mooring (WHOTS-9). Both moorings used Surlyn foam buoys as the surface element and were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each ASIMET system measures, records, and transmits via Argos satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 155 m of the moorings were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature, conductivity and velocity in a cooperative effort with R. Lukas of the University of Hawaii. A pCO2 system was installed on the buoys in cooperation with Chris Sabine at the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. A set of radiometers were installed in cooperation with Sam Laney at WHOI. The WHOTS mooring turnaround was done on the NOAA ship Hi’ialakai by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The cruise took place between 12 and 19 June 2012. Operations began with deployment of the WHOTS-9 mooring on 13 June. This was followed by meteorological intercomparisons and CTDs. Recovery of the WHOTS-8 mooring took place on 16 June. This report describes these cruise operations, as well as some of the in-port operations and pre-cruise buoy preparations.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA09OAR4320129 and the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR).

Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 68-8, series later renamed WHOI-

Description: A C-54Q aircraft was bailed to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution to participate in the International Indian Ocean Expedition and other research projects in the fields of meteorology and oceanography. With the joint support of the Office of Naval Research and the National Science Foundation, the aircraft was modified and instrumented for meteorological research.

Description: Submitted to the National Science Foundation on Work Accomplished under Grant G 22389 to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 67-38, series later renamed WHOI-. Reprint from Journal of Geophysical Research, vol. 72, no. 10, May 1967.

Description: The western Somali Basin in the northwestern Indian Ocean is covered by thick deposits of terrigenous sediments. Seismic reflection profiles show, however, the northern and southern parts to be very different. The northern sections is a deep basin filled with thick uniformly stratified sediments. It is enclosed by the continental margin to the west and north, Chain ridge to the east, and shallow basement structure to the south. A change in depth of basement occurs along an approximately east-west line at latitude 3°30'N very near the southern end of Chain ridge. In the southern portion of the basin the basement is shallow, and, immediately south of latitude 3°30'N, it has high relief. Stratified flat-lying sediments fill the basement depressions, and isolated hills formed of basement material rise above the abyssal plain deposits. Farther to the south the abyssal plain becomes very narrow. Gabbro dredged from the southeast slope of Chain ridge has been dated by the potassium-argon method as 89.6 ± 4.5 m.y., which should be considered a minimum age. The evidence suggests that the entire sediment sequence of the northern basin was deposited subsequent to the formation of the ridge. The thin sediment cover of the southern portion of the basin is probably no older than Tertiary.

Description: Office of Naval Research under contract Nonr-4029(00) NR 260-101.

Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 68-4, series later renamed WHOI-.

Description: In February-March 1965, a series of piston cores were taken aboard ATLANTIS II off the coast of Arabia, Pakistan, and India (Figure 1) in water depths of about 3,000 meters. The principal objectives of this program were (a ) to obtain information on the change in petrology of the sediments as a function of geography and depth (b) to study the microfauna in the sediment profiles, and (c) to apply geochemical tools for the elucidation of the diagenetic fate of the organic matter and the history of the sediments. This article presents data on the geochemical part of the project. Principally, we are concerned with the oxygen and carbon isotope distribution in carbonates, the carbon isotope composition of sedimentary organic matter, and the amino acid composition of the sediment material. These studies represent a part of a larger program at our Institute which is concerned with the distribution of (a) stable isotopes and (b) organic compounds such as amino acids, carbohydrates, or hydrocarbons in recent and ancient sediments, natural waters, and marine organisms.

Description: National Science Foundation under Grant GP-4904

Description: The flow through the Strait of Gibraltar has always held a special fascination for oceanographers. Attempts to understand and measure the strong currents in the Strait stimulated many of the early advances in oceanography (Deacon, 1971). Over the centuries, the focus of scientific investigations has shifted from understanding how the mass budget of the Mediterranean is maintained in the presence of the strong inflow of Atlantic water through the Strait of Gibraltar, to observing the outflow of Mediterranean water over the Gibraltar sill, to measuring the two-layer. exchange of Atlantic inflow and Mediterranean outflow through the Strait. In the past few years the focus has again shifted to the study of how the dynamical constraints for flow through a narrow and shallow strait act to control the amount of exchange between the Atlantic and Mediterranean basins. To investigate the dynamics of flow through a strait, a year-long field experiment has been designed to measure the flows through the Strait of Gibraltar, including their time variability over tidal to seasonal time scales, and to assess the importance of friction, mixing, rotation, and nonlinear processes in controlling the exchange through the Strait. This field program, called the Gibraltar Experiment, will be carried out by a group of American, Spanish, Moroccan, Canadian and French scientists during the period from Fall 1985 to Fall 1986.

Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contracts no. N00014-82-C-0019, NR 083-004, and N00014-85-C-0001, NR 083-004.

Description: The unconsolidated sedimentary layer in the eastern Mediterranean Sea becomes more variable in thickness toward the east. The distribution pattern suggests that the primary sources of sediment in Cenozoic times have been the Nile River, elevated areas of Cyrenaica, the Taurus, and the Apennines.

Description: Submitted to the Office of Naval Research under contract Nonr-4029 (00); NR 260-101, and partially supported by National Science Foundation Grants GP-2370 and GA-283.

Description: A 41-page memoir of Bigelow's life, beginning with his childhood in Massachusetts and following his many research and other trips around the world. The volume ends with an anecdote from 1963. Stories are told in a conversational, friendly style and include names of family, friends, and colleagues, as well as locations and some experiments that were conducted.

Description: A speech by Henry Bryant Bigelow during a Noon Luncheon at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. Recording includes an introduction by Adam Smith and comments by Columbus Iselin, Alfred Redfield, and Dr. H. Graham of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service

Description: An array of moorings at four sites at a mid-shelf location in the mid-Atlantic Bight was deployed for a period of 10 months beginning in August 1996 as part of the Coastal Mixing and Optics Experiment (CMO), funded by the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The purpose of this array is to gather information to help identify and understand the vertical mixing processes influencing the evolution of the stratification over the shelf. The observations from this moored array will be used to investigate changes in the stratification in response to atmospheric forcing, surface gravity wave variabilty, surface and bottom boundary layer mixing, current shear, internal waves, and advection. This report describes the primary mooring deployments carried out by the Upper Ocean Processes (UOP) Group on the R/V Oceanus, sailing out of Woods Hole during July, August, and September of 1996.

Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through Grant No. N00014-95-1-0339.

Description: The technical reports prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1993 are listed in this bibliography. Inquiries about availability of extra copies wil be handled on an individual basis. Initial distribution of the reports is controlled by the funding agencies. Reports listed in this bibliography are available from the: National Technical Information Service, NTIS Order Desk, 5285 Port Royal Road, Springfield, V A 22161 USA. When available, NTIS order numbers are included with each report listed.

Description: This volume contains the abstracts of manuscripts submitted for publication during calendar year 1989 by the staff and students of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We identify the journal of those manuscripts which are in press or have been published. The volume is intended to be informative, but not a bibliography. The abstracts are listed by title in the Table of Contents and are grouped into one of our five deparments, marine policy, or the student category. An author index is presented in the back to facilitate locating specific papers.

Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 52-26, series later renamed WHOI-.

Description: During the summer of 1950, The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution conducted a study of the waters of Great South Bay for the Town of Islip, New York, with a view to seeking the cause of the decline of the oyster industry, which has deteriorated steadily during the past twenty years. The report of these studies was submitted in January 1951. The survey revealed two conditions which in combination appeared to be unfavorable to the oyster industry. One unfavorable condition was the local change in circulation occasioned by the opening of Moriches Inlet in 1931, which had increased the salinity of Bellport Bay, creating a condition which might well be detrimental to the production of seed oysters. Aside from this, it was concluded that little change had taken place in the salinity and tidal exchange of the central and western part of the bay during the past twenty years. The second unfavorable condition was the pollution of Great South Bay by wastes from the duck farms located along the Carmans River and the tributaries of Moriches Bay. Chemical studies indicated that the bay water is unusually rich in the products of decomposing organic matter. These materials appeared to arise from the mouth of the Carmans River and the tributaries of Moriches Bay, from which they are carried westward across Great South Bay. They provide nutriment for the growth of an unusually dense population of microscopic plants. Evidence existed that oysters do not feed properly on water containing such large concentrations of plant cells, and available statistics showed a clear correlation over a period of years between the condition of bay oysters and the numbers of plant cells in the water. Finally, the decline in oyster production has been closely paralleled by the growth of the duck industry, which increased fourfold during the period. In the report on the survey of 1950, it was pointed out that a number of questions had been revealed which were not anticipated when the field work was in progress and that these questions merited additional study. One of these related to the behavior of uric acid, the peculiar form in which birds secrete nitrogenous wastes, which promised to provide unambiguous evidence on whether the duck farms are the source of pollution. Another was the more detailed study of the circulation of Moriches Bay and its connection with Great South Bay through Narrow Bay, since this appeared to be the principal avenue of the pollution of Great South Bay. Finally, more detailed information was desired concerning the actual quantities of pollutants arising from the duck farms and of the alterations of its components by biological and other action upon introduction into the bay water. Before these additional studies could be undertaken, the problem acquired a new aspect be cause of the spontaneous closure of Moriches Inlet which occurred on May 15, 1951. While this terminated any possibility of increasing knowledge of the circulation between the bays as it previously existed, it afforded an opportunity to observe the effect of the opening on the condition of the bay waters. This information was of prime importance in view of the proposal to reopen and stabilize Moriches Inlet. Field parties visited the region on three occasions during the sumer. On July 12-14, 1951, a survey was made of the entire system of bays lying between the western extremity of Great South Bay and the Shintecock Canal. Between July 27 and August 5, studies were made of the chemical conditions in Moriches Bay and its approaches, and a detailed examination was carried out on the immediate conditions associated with the duck farms along the Terrell River. On September 24-29, an attempt was made to measure the exchange of water and associated pollutants between Moriches Bay and Great South Bay, and through the Quantuck Canal. On this occasion continuous observations were made at Smith Point and Beach Lane Bridge for a period of fifty hours, including four complete tidal cycles.

Description: The work conducted in 1951 was supported jointly by the appropriations made by the Towns of Brookhaven and Islip at the initiative of the Long Island Fishermen's Association.

Description: The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide ongoing climate-quality records of surface meteorology, air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually, with past cruises that have come between October and December. Due to necessary repairs on the electric motors of the ship’s propulsion system, this year the cruise was delayed until January. During the 2009/2010 cruise on the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were the recovery of the Stratus 9 WHOI surface mooring that had been deployed in October 2008, deployment of a new (Stratus 10) WHOI surface mooring at that site, in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison with instrumentation installed on the ship by staff of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), and collection of underway and on station oceanographic data to continue to characterize the upper ocean in the stratus region. Both underway CTD (UCTD) profiles and Vertical Microstructure Profiles (VMP) were collected along the track and during surveys dedicated to investigating eddy variability in the region. Surface drifters were also launched along the track. The intent was also to visit a buoy for the Pacific tsunami warning system maintained by the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Chilean Navy (SHOA). This DART (Deep- Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami) buoy had been equipped with IMET sensors and subsurface oceanographic instruments, and a recovery and replacement of the IMET sensors was planned. However, the DART buoy broke free from its mooring on January 3rd and was recovered by the Chilean navy; the work done at that site during this cruise was the recovery of the bottom pressure unit.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA17RJ1223 for the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR).

Description: Cruise IV of the ANTON BRUUN was planned as a three-month multi-disciplinary exploration of the Arabian Sea during the fall of 1963. The interests of applicants for the cruise ranged from chemistry and microbiology to the taxonomy, distribution, and biochemistry of the large invertebrates and fishes. In addition, Cruise IV was scheduled as one of the cooperative cruises with the Bureau of Commercial Fisheries, U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service, whose personnel had planned an intensive bottom-trawling program to determine the distribution and abundance of commercially valuable species of benthic fishes and invertebrates on the continental shelf around the periphery of the Arabian Sea. Because of the broad scope of the program, the large number of qualified applicants who wished to take part, and the fact that some of the planned activities were mutually exclusive in terms of geographical area, shipboard space, etc., it was decided to split Cruise 4 into two sections, both to work in the Arabian Sea but each with different objectives, scientific programs, and personnel. Cruise IV-A included the basic program of hydrography, chemistry, and plankton biology, with extra sampling time provided for additional work in chemistry and microbiology. The basic program included 40 hydrographic casts, usually to the bottom, for determination of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, phosphate, nitrite, nitrate, silicate, primary productivity, and chlorophyll. Three types of plankton samples were taken: (1) vertical tows from 200 meters with an Indian Ocean Standard Net, (2) vertical tows from 200 meters with a micro-plankton net, and (3) an oblique series from depth intervals of 2000-1000, 1000-500, 500-250, 250-125, and 125-0 meters with the Bé multiple plankton sampler. Special studies on Cruise 4A included sampling for dissolved and particulate organic carbon, dissolved and particulate organic nitrogen, particulate phosphorus, and particulate iron, dissolved molybdinum, culture and isolation of nitrifying bacteria, uptake of N15-tagged atmospheric nitrogen, nitrate, and ammonia, enrichment cultures of phytoplankton to study limiting factors to their growth, and sampling for larval and adult scombroid fishes. Cruise IV-A consisted for the most part of sections from the central part of the Arabian Sea into and normal to the coast. Because of time limitations, the work was concentrated in the Western Arabian Sea. Cruise IV-B consisted almost exclusively of shallow-water bottom trawling with a Gulf-of-Mexico shrimp trawl on the continental shelf from Bombay to Aden. In addition, some dredging, set-lining, handlining, and dip-netting were carried out. Basic hydrographic stations were not made on Cruise IV-B but surface and bottom measurements of temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, and phosphate were made routinely at each trawling station. Reference is made to U. S. Program in Biology, I.I.O.E., News Bulletins 5 and 6 (Narrative reports of Cruises IV-A and IV-B) for a more detailed description of the work accomplished on these two cruises.

Description: Cruise 5 of the R/V ANTON BRUUN originated from Bombay on January 26 and terminated at Bombay on May 4, 1963. In addition to the basic hydrographic and biological programs continued from previous cruises, a special program of longline fishing was conducted in cooperation with the U. S. Bureau of Commercial Fisheries. This was the second of two cruises designed to study the distribution and abundance of pelagic fishes in the western Indian Ocean. Cruise 2, on which the first of the two special longlining programs was carried out, extended from May to July 1963, during the period of the southwest monsoon. Cruise 5, on the other hand, took place during the period of the northeast monsoon. In this report are presented the Cruise 5 station lists, bathythermograph positions, and reduced oceanographic, chemical, and biological data. A summary of the longline catch by stations is included, but more details (morphometric data, stomach contents, etc.) on individual specimens are on file at the Biological Laboratory; Bureau of Commercial Fisheries; U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Honolulu, Hawaii. A narrative report of Cruise 5, including brief descriptions of the special researches of participating scientists, was issued as News Bulletin No.7 of the U. S. Program in Biology, IIOE, dated October,1964

Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 65-9, series later renamed WHOI-.

Description: On CHAIN Cruise 43, 15 February to 21 August 1964, geophysical and geological observations were made in the North Atlantic Ocean, the Mediterranean and Red Seas, and the Western part of the Indian Ocean, along the track Woods Hole - Ceuta (Spanish Africa) - La Spezia - Port Said - Aden - Victoria (Seychelles Islands) - Port Louis (Mauritius) - Victoria (Seychelles Islands) - Port Said - Beirut - La Spezia - Monaco - Plymouth (England) - Woods Hole. This report contains (1) a narrative of the cruise, (2) a list of stations, (3) statements of the scientific objectives of the cruise, (4) a summary of the geological and geophysical observations, (5) end-of-cruise reports on equipment and some phases of the research program, and (6) a selection of bottom photographs. WHOI Ref. No. 64-51 contains a detailed navigational plot of the entire cruise, including soundings and the locations of other observations.

Description: This cruise was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant GP-2370 and Submitted to the Office of Naval Research under Contract Nonr-4029(00) NR 260-101.

Description: This report responds to an invitation of the National Marine Fisheries Service, Northeast Fisheries Center in which the author was asked to report on the present knowledge of oceanography of Massachusetts Bay and vicinity. We have attempted herein to describe the temperature- salinity cycle and the current system and to provide a comprehensive annotated bibliography on hydrography, chemistry and sea level for Massachusetts Bay.

Description: Prepared for the National Marine Fisheries Service under contract OJ-J-043-40.

Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 64-11, series later renamed WHOI-.

Description: ATLANTIS II was delivered to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution on January 31, 1963. After some short cruises she left Woods Hole on July 5 to participate in the International Indian Ocean Expedition, her first major effort of long duration since her delivery. Eight was a strict test of the capabilities , endurance, Cruise facilities and comfort for which she was designed. The investigations in the Indian Ocean were per haps unique among other cruises of the Exped~t ion in that full coverage of the Arabian Sea was obtained during the Southwest Monsoon in August and September. Further coverage to the south was obtained in October and November where southeast winds were predominant. Inclusion of the Red Sea as part of the Expedition, the total number of hydrographic stations completed during this portion of the cruise was 193, consisting of observations more or less at standard depths to the bottom. These observations, together with various meteorological measurements and chemical analyses are being processed and evaluated, Geophysical observations such as bathymetry and magnetometer results are also being processed along with the navigational positions from the VLF Navigation System.

Description: Sponsored by Grant NSF-GP 821 from the National Science Foundation

Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 64-31, series later renamed WHOI-.

Description: Following the "Preliminary Guide to the Birds of the Indian Ocean" (Watson, Zusi & Stover, Smithsonian Institution, 1963} our Indian Ocean Bird Log begins at a position (20°N, 37°30'E) in the Red Sea off Port Sudan which we reached on the afternoon of l August, 1963. Thus the southern portion of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden are included in the area covered by our Indian Ocean records. The northern boundary line is the southern coast of Arabia, 20°N line to India and the west coast of India from Bombay to Ceylon. The furthest point East that we reached is Colombo (7°N 80°E) and the eastern boundary line runs from there through the Chagos Is. (6°S 71°E) to Mauritius (20°S 57°30'E) and the southern tip of Madagascar. The western boundary is the coast of Africa as far south as cape Delgardo (10°30'S 40°30'E) thence via the Comoros to Madagascar. We quit the region east of Lourenco Marques (26°S 37°E) around noon on the 11 November, 1963. About one third of the area of. the Indian Ocean falls within these bounds.

Description: Sponsored by Grant NSF-GP 821 from the National Science Foundation

Description: News bulletin for participants

Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 68-62, series later renamed WHOI-.

Description: A C-54Q aircraft equipped with meteorological instruments was flown three times to India to participate in the International Indian Ocean Expedition. Flights were made out of Bombay, Gan, and Aden to observe winds, temperatures, humidities, clouds, radiation, carbon dioxide, tritium, turbulence, and turbulent fluxes of heat, water vapor, momentum and kinetic energy. The present paper reports the values of 405 measurements of the turbulence and turbulent fluxes and interprets them in terms of the monsoon circulation and the effect upon currents and temperatures of the Arabian Sea. Analyses of other data have been reported and interpreted elsewhere. The aircraft turbulence measuring system used was developed earlier by Bunker (1955) (1960). It consisted of a vertical accelerometer, a strain-guage air-speed transducer, a vertical gyro, a platinum wire thermometer and a microwave refractometer for humidity measurements. The data was recorded on a nine-channel oscillograph. A digitizing reader was used to read and punch the data on cards. The turbulent quantities and fluxes were computed and tabulated by machine. The accuracy and limitations of the system are discussed. While much is left to be desired in terms of accuracies and spectral range, the results are meteorologically useful and comparison shows good agreement with other techniques.

Description: Submitted to the National Science Foundation under Grants G-22389 and GA-1490.

Description: Computer program CHART produces plots of navigation tracks and data points in a choice of 14 projections where navigation coordinates are defined. It was written specifically for the plotting and annotation of geological and geophysical data; however, any data which includes geographical coordinates can be plotted. The package was designed for broad flexibility of applications and for ease of use. Parameters are entered interactively; the user responds to online prompts worded in plain English. Several levels of default choices are incorporated; a user who takes all defaults can produce a plot by entering only the data source and format, and plot bounds . CHART can be used on any Digital Equipment Corporation VAX machine running VMS. It uses plotting subroutines 〈MAPPACK) maintained by the WHOI Information Processing & Communications Laboratory 〈IPCL) to draw projection grids and coastlines, and to locate the position for each data point. The program creates a file of Calcomp plotting instructions for subsequent plotting. Some additional features of CHART: coastlines, multiple data sets on one grid; empty grid without data points; corner registration marks; calculation of plot size; user-defined input format; online entry of data points where large time gaps occur; online documentation.

Description: Funding was provided by the Sandia National Laboratories and by the Ocean Industries Program of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Description: The Coastal Research Center of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution has initiated a series of WHOI/CRC Technical Reports in order to make information generated by CRC-associated researchers available as rapidly as possible to the coastal community. Buzzards Bay is an important segment of the Massachusetts coast and has been studied by Woods Hole scientists and others for decades. However, only a few systematic studies have been completed. Increasing development pressure in this heavily used area has been followed by an increasing demand for more complete information on coastal environmental quality. In an effort to fill this information gap, and to foster understanding of fundamental processes operative in coastal areas in general, multi-disciplinary research is being pursued in Buzzards Bay. As the results of this become available, this information will be published in the CRC Technical Report Series.

Description: Preparation and printing of this report was funded by a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to the Coastal Research Center and from the Woods Hole Oceanographic Sea Grant Program under grant No. NA84AA-D-00033.

Description: The technical reports prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1989 are listed in this bibliography.

Description: This volume contains the abstracts of manuscripts submitted for publication during calendar year 1993 by the staff and students of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. We identify the journal of those manuscripts which are in press or have been published. The volume is intended to be informative, but not a bibliography. The abstracts are listed by title in the Table of Contents and ar grouped into one of our five departents, Marine Policy Center, Coastal Research Center, or the student category. An author index is presented in the back to facilitate locating specific papers.

Description: The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide ongoing climate-quality records of surface meteorology (air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum), and of upper ocean temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually, with cruises between October and December. During the October 2007 cruise on the NOAA ship Ronald H. Brown to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were recovery of the Stratus 7 WHOI surface mooring that had been deployed in October 2006, deployment of a new (Stratus 8) WHOI surface mooring at that site; in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison with instrumentation put on board the ship by staff of the NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL); and observations of the stratus clouds and lower atmosphere by NOAA ESRL. Meteorological sensors on a buoy for the Pacific tsunami warning system were also serviced, in collaboration with the Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service of the Chilean Navy (SHOA). The DART (Deep-Ocean Assessment and Reporting of Tsunami) carries IMET sensors and subsurface oceanographic instruments. A new DART II buoy was deployed north of the STRATUS buoy, by personnel from the National Data Buoy Center (NDBC) Argo floats and drifters were launched, and CTD casts carried out during the cruise. The ORS Stratus buoys are equipped with two Improved Meteorological (IMET) systems, which provide surface wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure, incoming shortwave radiation, incoming longwave radiation, precipitation rate, and sea surface temperature. Additionally, the Stratus 8 buoy received a partial pressure of CO2 detector from the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory (PMEL). IMET data are made available in near real time using satellite telemetry. The mooring line carries instruments to measure ocean salinity, temperature, and currents. The ESRL instrumentation used during the 2007 cruise included cloud radar, radiosonde balloons, and sensors for mean and turbulent surface meteorology. Finally, the cruise hosted a teacher participating in NOAA’s Teacher at Sea Program.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA17RJ1223 for the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR).

Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 67-21

Description: This supplement to Volume I of the Data File, Continental Margin, Atlantic Coast of the United States (Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Ref. No. 66-8) consists of three parts: 1. Errata for Volume I, 2. New station and sample data added to the file, and 3. Miscellaneous tables of information pertaining to the file. The user is referred to Volume I for explanation of the headings and abbreviations used and for a discussion of the structure of the file.

Description: Submitted to the U.S. Geological Survey under Contract No. 14-08-0001-8358.

Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 61-35, series later renamed WHOI-

Description: The data collected on ATLANTIS Cruise 266 has been tabulated and presented here as an aid to the preparation of rnanuscripts. The Chief Scientist's log is reproduced in narrative form. The current meter, camera, and dredge stations, as well as the continuous seismic profiles, are located and deck notes reproduced. Included are photographs of models of the areas visited.

Description: Submitted to Bureau of Ships, under Contract NObsr 72521

Description: Note: author "Ludovic Bariteau" is incorrectly listed as "Bariteau Ludovic" on the Cover and Title Page.

Description: The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) Hawaii Ocean Timeseries (HOT) Site (WHOTS), 100 km north of Oahu, Hawaii, is intended to provide long-term, high-quality air-sea fluxes as a part of the NOAA Climate Observation Program. The WHOTS mooring also serves as a coordinated part of the HOT program, contributing to the goals of observing heat, fresh water and chemical fluxes at a site representative of the oligotrophic North Pacific Ocean. The approach is to maintain a surface mooring outfitted for meteorological and oceanographic measurements at a site near 22.75°N, 158°W by successive mooring turnarounds. These observations will be used to investigate air–sea interaction processes related to climate variability. This report documents recovery of the seventh WHOTS mooring (WHOTS-7) and deployment of the eighth mooring (WHOTS-8). Both moorings used Surlyn foam buoys as the surface element and were outfitted with two Air–Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems. Each ASIMET system measures, records, and transmits via Argos satellite the surface meteorological variables necessary to compute air–sea fluxes of heat, moisture and momentum. The upper 155 m of the moorings were outfitted with oceanographic sensors for the measurement of temperature, conductivity and velocity in a cooperative effort with R. Lukas of the University of Hawaii. A pCO2 system was installed on the WHOTS-8 buoy in a cooperative effort with Chris Sabine at the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory. A set of radiometers were installed in cooperation with Sam Laney at WHOI. The WHOTS mooring turnaround was done on the NOAA ship Hi’ialakai by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The cruise took place between 5 July and 13 July 2011. Operations began with deployment of the WHOTS-8 mooring on 6 July. This was followed by meteorological intercomparisons and CTDs. Recovery of WHOTS-7 took place on 11 July 2011. This report describes these cruise operations, as well as some of the in-port operations and pre-cruise buoy preparations.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA090AR4320129 and the Cooperative Institute for the North Atlantic Region (CINAR).

Description: This report presents velocity data from the Northwest Tropical Atlantic Station (NTAS) deployments 1 through 5, from March 30, 2001, to February 28, 2006. The NTAS project has maintained a series of moorings near 14°50'N, 51°00'W in the northwest tropical Atlantic for air-sea flux measurement. The moorings include a surface buoy outfitted with Air- Sea Interaction Meteorology (ASIMET) systems for determination of bulk air-sea fluxes and oceanographic sensors along the upper 120 m of the mooring line. This report describes and presents the velocity data recovered from current meters and Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers (ADCPs) during the first five years of the NTAS project.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration under Grant No. NA09OAR4320129

Description: In February and March of 1978 a major cruise was undertaken on the R/V KNORR off the Peruvian coast near 15°S in order to investigate the organic biogeochemical processes associated with upwelling areas. The purpose of this report is to collate the large amount of hydrographic, nutrient, and plankton data generated from various investigators on this cruise and use the report as a standard for the cruise participants. Data for temperature, salinity, oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, phosphate, silicate, chlorophyll a, productivity indices, and carbon fixation rates are given.

Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 77-26084, for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-74-C-0262 ER 083-004 and for the NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grants 04-7-158-44034 and 04-8-MO1-79 to the University of New Hampshire/University of Maine Cooperative Institutional Sea Grant Proqram.

Description: Ninety plots of digitized temperature boundaries from infared satellite images of the Gulf Stream along with corresponding image snapshots were compiled to determine stream width propagation speed. The satellite images are from the years 1982, 1983, and 1985 and are often of consecutive days. In this report, these images and digitized plots are presented.

Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research through contract Number N00014-87-K-0007, and by the National Science Foundation under grant Numbers OCE 87-00601 and OCE 85-10828.

Description: We have addressed the degree to which Acoustic-Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) and expendable bathythermograph (XBT) data can provide quantitative measurements of the velocity structure and transport of the Gulf Stream. An algorithm has been used to generate salinity from temperature and depth using an historical Temperature/Salinity relation for the NW Atlantic . Results have been simulated using CTD data and comparing real and pseudo salinity files. Errors are typically less than 2 dynamic cm for the upper 800 rn out of a total signal of 80 cm (across the Gulf Stream). When combined with ADCP data for a near-surface reference velocity, transport errors in isopycnal layers are less than about 1 Sv (106 rn3 /s), as is the difference in total transport for the upper 800 rn between real and pseudo data . The method is capable of measuring the real variability of the Gulf Stream, and when combined with altimeter data, can provide estimates of the geoid slope with oceanic errors of a few parts in 108 over horizontal scales of 500 krn .

Description: Funding was provided by the Ocean Processes Branch of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under grant Number NAGW 1026.

Description: High frequency acoustic backscattering systems are being used in monostatic modes to evaluate the use of acoustic techniques to detect and study a variety of fluid processes in the oceanic environment. A short outline of those research programs actively evaluating and using acoustic techniques is presented, followed by a detailed review of this investigator's program. This program uses a multifrequency high frequency acoustic system to study a variety of processes including turbulent mixing, air-sea interactions, internal waves, interleaving water masses, natural particulate dispersion and distribution, the dispersion of particulates associated with deep ocean disposal of industrial chemical waste, and biological response to a variety of stimulae including fluid motion, predators, and oceanographic instrumentation. Graphic acoustic data records of several of the above phenomena are described.

Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-77-C-0196; NR 083-004, for the National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration under Grants NA79AA-D-00030 (Ocean Dumping Program) and NA79AA-D-00102 (Office of Sea Grant) and for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 77-08682.

Description: The bibliography reviews inventory-like studies of the Georges Bank region and presents information on the scope of the work, topics treated, geographic area of concern, and audience. The primary purpose was to evaluate the nature and type of maps used in the works reviewed so the notations include the number of maps, their formats and scales, cartographic quality and base map content .

Description: Prepared by the Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program and the Coastal Research Center with funds from the Pew Memorial Trust, the Mellon Foundation and the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #NA 80AA-D-00077.

Description: Also published as: Journal of Marine Research 37 (1979): 515-529

Description: The hypothesis that variations in eddy diffusivity may be responsible for some of the observed distributions of oceanic scalars is explored. A gradient in eddy diffusivity affects property distributions much as would an additional velocity field from regions of high to low eddy diffusivity. In support of such an interpretation, the cross-isopycnal distribution of density is compared with an eddy diffusivity prescribed by the combination of boundary mixing and isopycnal exchange. Since the surface area available for boundary mixing varies with depth, similar variations are reflected in property distributions. For isopycnal distributions, an eddy diffusivity field inferred from the eddy potential energy field description of Dantzler (1977) is compared with the salinity distribution from the Mediterranean Outflow.

Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-76-C-0197; NR 083-400 and for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 76-81190.

Description: Also published as Journal of Marine Research, 1975, Volume 33, No . 3, pp. 355-382

Description: Twenty neutrally buoyant SOFAR floats were used in the Mid-Ocean Dynamics Experiment (MODE) to study the structure and variability of the deep ocean currents. The floats were clustered so that the pattern of motions could be resolved (mapping and pattern recognition). A number of float trajectories are shown and the very individual character of their signature is emphasized. Some floats remain nearly stationary for a year whereas others will cover hundreds of kilometers to the south or west in just a few months. Superposition of all trajectories in the spaghetti diagram is shown to reveal considerable organization of the "eddy" field in the MODE area and is thought to be caused by the near presence of the Blake-Bahama Outer Ridge to the west. There is considerable asymmetry to the float dispersal with floats rapidly scattering to the south and west, but not to the north and east even though the r .m.s. velocities are a factor 3 to 6 times greater than the mean drift. The evolution and dispersal of the float cluster is illustrated in a set of figures in each of which a 12 day segment of all float trajectories is displayed. At times their mobility and relative motion is shown to be associated with onset of sudden swirls and regions of large horizontal shear, features that are not evident from the analysis of individual trajectories. Cluster averages of the float velocities and kinetic energy, computed weekly and plotted as a function of time, show substantial variability. Much better averages are obtained by limiting the cluster to floats within a geographical region. As the spaghetti diagram indicates and the following paper discusses in more detail there exist substantial geographical variations in the average kinetic energy levels. These may be in some way caused topographically by the close proximity to the continental margin. Whatever the reason they caution us to reexamine the notion that the scale of variation of the second order eddy statistics is large compared to the eddies themselves, at least in the MODE-I area. Ten floats also contained a system to record the local pressure, temperature and vertical currents. The pressure and temperature yield data concerning low frequency vertical displacements and the vertical current meters measure the internal wave sea state which is shown to be remarkably constant.

Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under Contracts N00014-66-C-0241; NR 083-004 ( WHOI), N00014-67-A-0097-001 (Yale University) and NSF Grants GX-30220 (WHOI), GX-30416 (Yale University) .

Description: The technical reports prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1978 are listed in this bibliography.

Description: Eighty-two CTD stations were taken in the Mediterranean Sea during February, 1975 . These stations were concentrated in the Alboran Sea near Gibraltar to investigate whether water typical of the deep western Mediterranean was flowing directly up and over the sill at Gibraltar. Temperature, salinity, and potential temperature at standard pressures are presented for each of the stations.

Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Grants OCE76-10940 and OCE74-19782 A03 and for the National Oceanographic Data Center under the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Purchase Order 6-19641 to the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution.

Description: Ten SOFAR floats were instrumented during the MODE field experiment to record pressure, temperature, and vertical water displacement during a four month drift. This report describes the acquisition and reduction of this data and then summarizes in graphical form some of the principal results.

Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation, International Decade of Ocean Exploration Grant GX-30220

Description: Because of the Law of the Sea Conference and other factors there recently has been a continuing expansion in the legal, economic, and scientific control over the ocean by coastal countries. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire survey mailed to U.S. marine scientists, soliciting their experiences during the last decade in conducting research in the coastal waters of foreign countries and their expectations for the future. Tables present the countries where research had been conducted, methods of and difficulties in obtaining clearance from foreign governments, the affect of foreign rules on design, planning and execution of research, and areas of interest for future research. Fifty-eight percent of the seventy-two respondents (136 originally sent) had encountered difficulties in obtaining permission to work in foreign coastal waters. Forty-nine percent anticipate that Law of the Sea Treaty requirements may cause such problems for them in the future. The respondents made comments and recommendations bearing on future U.S. marine research in foreign waters. One set of tables presents results for the total group; another set presents results for subgroups of those in particular scientific disciplines.

Description: Funding was provided by the Pew Memorial Trust, the Department of Commerce, NOAA, Office of Sea Grant under Grant NA80-AA-D-00077 (E/L-1), and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution's Marine Policy and Ocean Management Program.

Description: This is a data report, giving temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen data obtained during five surveys of the beta-triangle area of the eastern North Atlantic in the years 1979-81. The report is divided into two parts. Part I consists of a listing of station data obtained on all stations occupied -- on the periphery of the triangle, inside it, and some nearby stations outside it. Part II is a set of profiles of this data drawn on the three sides of the triangle, for easy reference and visual comparison. Detailed scientific study of the data is published elsewhere.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE B0-15789 and by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration.

Description: Three surveys were made during June, 1980 on the R/V Oceanographer to measure the regional hydrographic structure in the East China Sea near the mouth of the Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River. The objective of the hydrographic program was to document the spatial and temporal structure of the Chang Jiang plume over the continental shelf and characterize the river's influence on the shelf water masses. A summary of the hydrographic observations made during Cruise RP-05-0C-80 on the R/V Oceanographer is presented in graphic form.

Description: Prepared for the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration under Cooperative Agreement NA81AA-H-00008 and for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE-80-14941.

Description: Title page erroneously reads "The long term upper ocean study (Lotus) : cruise summary and hydrographic data report, Oceanus 141, October 1984 and Oceanus 145, January 1984"

Description: OCEANUS cruises 141 (28 October-4 November 1983) and 145 (22-29 January 1984) were the tenth and eleventh cruises to the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) area centered at 34°N, 70°W. During OCEANUS 141, a C. S. Draper Labs profiling current meter (PCM) was set, the fifth LOTUS surface mooring was recovered, and the deployment of the sixth LOTUS surface mooring was unsuccessfully attempted. The sixth surface mooring was finally deployed in January, on OCEANUS 145. This report provides details of the work accomplished on both cruises, as well as presenting the hydrographic data collected.

Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-76-C-D197, NR 083-400, and N00014-84-C-D134, NR 083-400.

Description: A series of four hydrographic cruises at three-month intervals was undertaken in Buzzards Bay in 1982-83. Buzzards Bay is located on the southern coast of Massachusetts, west of Cape Cod. Listings and vertical profiles of one-meter-averaged values of temperatures, salinity, sigma-t and light transmission are presented. Selected vertical cross-sections of temperature, salinity and sigma-t are also included, as are horizontal maps of the same variables at depths of 1 m and 8 m.

Description: Prepared for NOAA, National Sea Grant College Program, under grant numbers NA80-AA-D-0007 (R/P-16; R/P-15) and NA83-AA-D-00049 (R/P-13) and the Coastal Research Center under a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation.

Description: A hydrographic survey was made on November 18-23, 1981 on the People's Republic of China R/V Shijian to measure the regional hydrographic structure in the East China Sea near the mouth of the Chang Jiang (Yangtze) River. The objectives of the hydrographic program were to document the spatial structure of the Chang Jiang discharge over the continental shelf and characterize the river's influence on the shelf water masses during a period of low river discharge. A summary of the hydrographic observations made during Cruise ECS81-2 on the R/V Shijian is presented in graphic form.

Description: Prepared for the National Atmospheric and Oceanic Administration under Cooperative Agreement NA81AA-H-00008 and for the National Science Foundation under Grant OCE 80- 14941.

Description: OCEANUS cruise number 119 (6-14 May, 1982) was the seventh in a series of cruises to the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) area centered at 34°N, 70°W. During this cruise five moorings were set at the LOTUS site; four for the LOTUS experiment and one, a profiling current meter mooring, for C.S. Draper Labs - MIT. In addition an engineering mooring was set at 39°30'N, 70°W. Two XBT sections were made along 70°W between 40°N and 33°N during the trip to and from the LOTUS site. Five CTD stations were also completed in the LOTUS area. Part I of this report is a summary of the major cruise activities and part II presents the hydrographic data (CTD and XBT) collected during the cruise.

Description: This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-76-C-01907, NR 083-400.

Description: ENDEAVOR cruise number 97 (8-19 April, 1983) was the ninth scheduled cruise to the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) area centered at 34°N, 70°W. During the cruise three LOTUS moorings (a near-surface and two subsurface moorings) deployed eleven months earlier were recovered and replaced by a nearly identical set of moorings. The new array will remain in the water during the final year of LOTUS field work. The LOTUS surface mooring, scheduled to be recovered during ENDEAVOR 97, had been partially recovered one month earlier after the mooring parted and drifted off station. The lower portion of the surface mooring which went to the bottom when the mooring failed was successfully recovered during ENDEAVOR 97. A new surface mooring replacing the one that parted and a C. S. Draper Labs profiling current meter mooring were also set during the cruise. Non-mooring work included deploying three satellite tracked drifter buoys and completing five CTD stations in the LOTUS area. Several inter-comparisons between shipborne meteorological sensors and similar sensors on the LOTUS surface buoy and the drifter buoys were made. An XBT section was also completed along 70°W between 40°N and 34°N. Part I of this report is a summary of the major cruise activities and part II presents the hydrographic data (CTD and XBT) collected during the cruise.

Description: This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. 000014-76-C-0197, NR 083-400.

Description: OCEANUS cruise number 129 (28 October-4 November, 1982) was the eighth in a series of cruises to the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS) area centered at 34°N, 70°W. In the LOTUS area seven SOFAR floats were launched, two moorings were recovered (a LOTUS surface mooring and a C. S. Draper Labs profiling current meter mooring), and a surface mooring which replaced the one recovered was set. Seven CTD stations were also completed in the LOTUS area. Outside the LOTUS area a subsurface mooring was set in the Gulf Stream in cooperation with H. Bryden's (WHOI) Gulf Stream Observations project, and a WHOI engineering mooring at Site D was recovered, examined and redeployed. In addition several XBT sections were made, one along 70°W between 40°N and 34°N, a second surveyed a cold core ring discovered during the trip to the LOTUS area and a third was made in the vicinity of the Gulf Stream Observations mooring. Part I of this report is a summary of the major cruise activities and part II presents the hydrographic data (CTD and XBT) collected during the cruise.

Description: This work was supported by the Office of Naval Research under Contract No. N00014-76-C-0197, NR083-400.

Description: The CAMS Interactive Atlas Package allows a user to computer contour any hydrographic quantity on any isosurface in any global projection. It consists of two parts: a large, and growing, data base which can be easily supplemented with user-supplied data, and a set of computer software routines that manage the data, interpolate onto the isosurface, and draw the maps. The data base presently includes the Levitus Climatological Atlas, IGY data, GEOSECs, TTO, and many NODC stations, all in a common format. In addition, the WHO! CTD data set can be easily accessed. This data base will be supplemented as new data becomes available. The software routines allow the user to interpolate the data vertically on to a selected isopleth, such as an isobaric or isopycnal surface, and then horizontally interpolate the station data onto a regular grid for final contouring. Land mass areas can be automatically blanked out. The continental boundaries are drawn in and the contouring done in any one of fifteen projections. Station locations, cruise tracks, and bottom topography can all be included. The contour map can be plotted on either a vector plotter or a raster device, allowing the use of color in the final product.

Description: Funding was provided by The Center for the Analysis of Marine Systems (CAMS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. CAMS has been generously funded by the Exxon Foundation, Mobil Foundation, and an anonymous donor.

Description: At 1300 hours on 12 September 1981 the research vessel ENDEAVOR departed Woods Hole on a 22 day cruise to study the physical, chemical and biological structure of warm core ring 81-D. The cruise was the first of 5 ENDEAVOR cruises planned as part of the NSF/NASA-sponsored Warm Core Ring study.

Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation OCE under Grant OCE 80-16983.

Description: Originally issued as Reference No. 50-48, series later renamed WHOI-.

Description: Between July 25 and August 7, 1950 the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution conducted a survey of Great South Bay. The purpose of this study was to attempt to determine the cause of the almost complete cessation of the once prosperous oyster industry. Statistics show that the seed oyster production of the bay declined steadily for ten years prior to 1935 and has subsequently been negligible. The yield of market oysters fell from a maximum of 350,000 bushels in 1929 to 60,000 in 1944 and is now non-existent. Systematic records kept by the oyster companies, notably Bluepoints and Van der Borgh and Sons, provide strong evidence that the failure of oysters to fatten and grow properly is associated with the periodic occurrence in the bay of luxuriant "blooms" of microscopic plants which they have named "small forms" because of their minute size and difficulty of identification. This view is supported by experiments conducted by V. L. Loosanoff and J. B. Engle of the U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service who report that oysters stop feeding in the presence of heavy concentrations of algae. The problem which the investigators were asked to examine was whether evidence could be found that the circulation of water in Great South Bay has altered in such a way as to account for the failure of the oyster industry or whether abnormal chemical conditions arising from pollution or otherwise might provide an alternate or supplementary explanation of the difficulty. The frequent changes in the inlets cutting the beach and particularly the apparent restriction of Fire Island Inlet and the new opening of Moriches Inlet in 1931 suggest that changes in the circulation of water have taken place and have led to various proposals for modifying or supplementing these openings. On the other hand, the duck farms along the tributaries of Bellport and Moriches Bays have increased production substantially during the past twenty years and it has been suspected that pollution resulting from these farms may have provided conditions favorable to the growth of the small form and have thus been responsible for the failure of plantings of market oysters. An examination of records kept by the Coast and Geodetic Survey indicate that the tidal circulation of the bay has been reduced over the years. The change occurred prior to 1930 and thus preceded the decline in oyster production. The results of a survey of the salinity and tidal movement made in 1907-08 for the New York City Water Supply Board, when compared with information obtained last summer, indicate that the change in conditions has been small except in the eastern extremity of the bay. There a most important alteration has taken place. Whereas in 1908 Bellport Bay was relatively fresh, having only 1/3 the salinity of sea water, it now contains about twice as much salt as formerly. This change undoubtedly results from the opening of Moriches Inlet which permits salt water to flow with the rising tide into Bellport Bay from Moriches Bay and Inlet. The opinion is widely held that relatively brackish water is favorable to the production of seed oysters. It is believed, consequently, that the opening of Moriches Inlet may be responsible tor the failure of the seed oyster industry which was formerly centered in Bellport Bay. However, in the greater part of Great South Bay, where formerly market oysters were planted, the change in circulation does not appear to be sufficient to account for the failure of oysters to fatten properly. The results of the chemical studies indicate that the bay water is unusually rich in the products of decomposing organic matter. These materials appear to originate in the tributaries of Moriches Bay and the Carmans River from where they are carried westward across Great South Bay and provide nutriment for the growth of the great population of microscopic plants. These observations point strongly to the duck farms as the source of abnormal conditions in the bay. The survey has thus revealed two conditions which in combination appear to be responsible for the unfavorable conditions affecting the oyster industry. One is the pollution of the bay by wastes from the duck farms which provides nourishment for the great population of microscopic plants, which appear each summer; the other is the local change in circulation occasioned by the opening of Moriches Inlet which has increased the salinity of Bellport Bay. In considering remedial measures both these conditions should be taken into account. Since the state of pollution depends on the balance between the rate at which pollutants are added and their removal by the circulation of water, the conditions might be improved by enlarging the inlets or cutting new openings designed to increase the flushing of the bay. To be effective these engineering works would be prohibitively expensive and their effectiveness and permanence would be uncertain. In addition, they would not restore the low salinity of the eastern end of Great South Bay which appears to favor seed oyster production. A second alternative is to reduce the pollution at its source by preventing the wastes from the duck farms from reaching the water. The manure might become a valuable by-product of the farms if procedures were developed for using it for fertilizer. Even it such procedures did not yield a profit, they might at least pay the costs of preventing pollution. While this expedient might be expected to improve the conditions in the bay as a whole and thus might lead to a restoration of market oyster production, it would not restore the low salinity of Bellport Bay, on which the seed oyster production supposedly depended, unless Moriches Inlet were to be permanently closed. It this were done, the conditions in Great South Bay might be expected to be restored to very nearly those obtaining prior to 1930. A third alternative, which has much to commend it, is to prevent the exchange of water between Great South Bay and Moriches Bay. If this were accomplished the wastes from most of the duck farms would be prevented from reaching Great south Bay. In addition, the waters of Bellport Bay might be expected to become much fresher and the conditions would favor the restoration of seed oyster production in that area. Inasmuch as it is now proposed to bridge the narrows at Smith Point to provide a roadway to Great South Beach, it is suggested that at reasonable additional expense the opening might be filled completely except for a lock for the passage of boats along the intercoastal waterway. Such construction would eliminate, or place under control, the movement of water between the bays and should lead toward a restoration of the conditions required for the production of both market and seed oysters. While this method of improving the conditions, appears to be the most practical one, it should be realized that it would require either the maintenance of Moriches Inlet as an effective opening or the correction of the pollution of Moriches Bay, since otherwise the isolation of Moriches Bay from the ocean would lead to intolerable conditions.

Description: The emphasis in this year's GFD program has been somewhat different from the past. We have tried to expose a theoretically oriented audience to the new body of observations pertaining to the Arctic and Antarctic circulation. We have, however, not departed from our traditional goal of encouraging broad based inquiries into the field of Geophysical Fluid Dynamics. We would like to believe that the breadth of interest and enthusiasm exhibited in these reports will stimulate future work in Polar Oceanography and Fluid Dynamics.

Description: Office of Naval Research under Contract N00014-79-C-0671

Description: In March and April of 1981 a major cruise was undertaken on the R/V Atlantis II off the Peruvian coast near 15°S in order to investigate the sea-air exchange of selected heavy metals and natural and anthropogenic organic compounds. The purpose of this report is to collate the hydrographic, nutrient, and plankton data generated from various investigators on this cruise end to provide a standard of reference for the cruise participants. Data for temperature, salinity, oxygen, nitrate, nitrite, axnmonium, phosphate, silicate, chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon, and particulate organic nitrogen are given. In addition, air and sea temperatures, and wind speed and direction data, collected using the SAIL system, are included.

Description: Prepared for the National Science Foundation under Grants OCE 77-12914, OCE 80-17877 and OCE 81-11947.

Description: The R/V Knorr, on Cruise 206, carried out the recovery of three moorings for the Coastal and Global Scale Nodes (CGSN) Implementing Organization of the NSF Ocean Observatories Initiative. These three moorings are prototypes of the moorings to be used by CGSN at the Pioneer, Endurance, and Global Arrays. Knorr departed from Woods Hole, Massachusetts on April 10, 2012 and steamed south to the location of the mooring deployments on the shelf break. Over five days, April 10-15, Knorr surveyed the bottom at the planned mooring sites, recovered the moorings, and carried out preliminary investigations of mechanical and electrical functionality on the recovered moorings and mooring hardware, including observations of biofouling and corrosion. Knorr returned to Woods Hole on April 15, 2012.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation contract #SA9-10 through the Consortium for Ocean Leadership

Description: The technical reports prepared by the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution in 1988 are listed in this bibliography.

Description: Hydrographic data collected during R/V Endeavor cruise 143 is presented as a preliminary study of subduction in the northeast Atlantic south of the Azores Front. The front is clearly defined at the northern end of CTD section #1 which also shows a layer of 16-18°C water subducted to the south. Section #2, 280 km to the east, is dominated by a large cyclonic ring with characteristics similar to 'eastern' rings reported earlier . An anomalously salty parcel of Mediterranean water in this section is typical of highly saline lenses seen in the Canary Basin.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant Nos. OCE 85-15642 and OCE 85-18372.

Description: The University Research Initiative Program is a cooperative project between woods Hole oceanographic Institution, Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard. The objectives of this 5-year Office of Naval Research funded program are to advance the state of the art in ocean data telemetry, interpretation of remotely sensed data from satellite, and numerical modeling of ocean circulation. Ocean data telemetry is being addressed by several development projects whose aim is to reliably transfer data from in situ oceanographic instruments to laboratory computers on the shore. The satellite oceanography group is developing expertise in analyzing, manipulating, displaying and archiving data from all of the major satellite oceanographic sensors. The numerical modeling initiative is working on a family of circulation models which can be connected at their boundaries to cover the important mesoscale and basin wide flow regimes. These ambitious plans are intended to bring new technologies developed in the communications, electronics, satellite sensing and computer science fields into everyday use in oceanography so that they can be ready for the global science programs planned for the 1990's.

Description: Prepared for the Office of Naval Research under contract Number N00014-86-K-0751.

Description: Six cruises were made from May, 1978 to May, 1979 to measure the regional distributions of chlorophyll, silicate, nitrate and nitrite, phosphate, temperature, and salinity in the vacinity of Nantucket Shoals on the New England continental shelf. A summary of the hydrographic observations made on the first three cruises has already been presented in Limeburner and Beardsley (1979). A summary of the biological data obtained on five of the six cruises and the hydrographic observations made during the last three cruises is presented here in graphic form.

Description: Prepared with funds from the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04-7-158-44104 and #04-9-MOl-149, EG&G Environmental Consultants Contract #54779, and Brookhaven National Laboratory Contract #424422-s.

Description: Three cruises were made during May, July, and September 1978, to measure the regional hydrographic structure in the vicinity of Nantucket Shoals on the New England Continental Shelf. A summary of the hydrographic observations made during Cruise NSl, NS2, and NS3 on the R/V EDGERTCN is presented in graphic form.

Description: Prepared with funds from the Department of Commerce, NOAA Office of Sea Grant under Grant #04- 7-158-44104 and #04-8-M01-149.

Description: In order to show efficiently the large amount of data obtained during the Long Term Upper Ocean Study (LOTUS), a new method of data presentation was developed. Three data variables can be included in a simple color contour plot, but if successive color contour plots are recorded on videotape, a fourth variable, time, can also be shown. This report documents the process of making a videotape presenting scientific data in this way, from raw data to finished videotape. The videotape shows internal wave kinetic energy versus frequency and depth; the time variation of the videotape displays real time variation in the ratio of 14/30 second to one week, or about l month of data every 2 seconds.

Description: Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contracts N00014-76-C-0197, NR 083-400 and N00014-84-C-0134, NR 083-400.

Description: Thirty freely drifting drogued surface buoys were tracked by satellite in the vicinity of the Atlantic North Equatorial Countercurrent from February 1983 to February 1985 as part of the SEQUAL (Seasonal Equatorial Atlantic) Experiment. Buoys were launched at several different times of the year in order to sample the Countercurrent in different seasons. The purpose was to measure the seasonal variation of the Countercurrent in relation to wind forcing. The basic data set consists of buoy trajectories, and sea surface temperature, velocity, and wind speed along the trajectories. A comparison is made between the data from the buoys and from a current meter mooring near 6N, 28W. The main results presented here consist of the collection of figures which show trajectories and time series data along the Countercurrent, and in the North and South Equatorial Currents, Guinea Current and North Brazil Current.

Description: Fulnding was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant Number OCE 82-08744.

Description: Hydrographic data collected during R.V. Oceanus cruise 133, leg VII are presented. These data include temperature, salinity and dissolved oxygen observed at standard levels by a Neil Brown Instrument Systems' CTD-02 profiler and salinity, dissolved oxygen, silicate, phosphate and nitrate values at the observed depths of the collected water samples. Ninety-four stations were occupied on a meridional section at (nominally) 52°West from Brazil to Greenland. Also presented are a series of sectional profiles of the six observed parameters as a function of depth.

Description: Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under grant Number OCE 80-15789.

Description: Presented at Sea Education Association, Woods Hole, MA, February 26, 2020

Description: Ocean 101, engaging classes to help SEA students understand the frontiers of ocean climate science. This particular class focuses on data management in oceanography. Covered topics are the importance of open data, the data life cycle and F.A.I.R. Principles. The interactive part consists of creating the content for a data management plan and applying general data management practices.