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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1,2,2-Trifluorovinyl phenyl ether and 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorophenyl 1,2,2-trifluorovinyl ether and their polymers (1963)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 3 (1963), S. 220-224 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: 1,2,2,-Trifluorovinyl phenyl ether and 2,3,4,5,6,-pentafluorophenyl 1,2,2-trifluorovinyl ethers have been prepared, and the nucleophilic reactions of the phenoxide and 2,3,4,5-pentafluorophenoxide salts with tetrafluoroethylene have been investigated. In general, it is some-what difficult to control the reaction so as to produce the desired olefinic monomer. Under truly anhydrous conditions and when other sources of active protons are avoided, the olefin is the chief product if excess tetrafluoroethylene is used. The monomer produced is very reactive with phenoxide ions, and the diphenoxyolefins are the chief secondary products. Both monomers failed to polymerize under normal, free radical conditions. With boron trifluoride an oily material was obtained from the trifluorovinyl phenyl ether. High pressure and gamma rays converted both monomers into polymers.
    Additional Material: 3 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760030310
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    13C NMR characterization of intermolecular interactions for polymers. Part 3. Solvent effect on the blend compatibility of poly(vinyl methyl ether) and polystyrene (1982)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 22 (1982), S. 1109-1116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The solvent has an influence on the homogeneity of the poly(vinyl methyl ether)-polystyrene, PVME-PS blends Prepared by drying cosolutions. This influence has been analyzed in terms of the competition among polymer-polymer and polymer-solvent interactions. Model solutions have been prepared in which intermoleeular interactions correspond to the interactions in this blend and in some of the cosolutions. These interactions in the model solutions have been detected and identified by applying Rummens' method. The 13C NMR spectra have been determined for PVME and for styrene oligomer dissolved in n-alkanes, cyclohexane, diethyl ether, isopropyl methyl ether, diisopropyl ether, and chloroform, and for PVME dissolved in benzene, toluene, and cumene. The chemical shifts have been plotted against the parameter g2 = [(n22 - 1)/(n22 + 1)]2, where n2 is the refractive index of the solvent. If the structural segment represented by certain carbon and some solvent has an interaction that is stronger than dispersive, the chemical shift for this carbon will deviate from the line formed by its shifts in n-alkane solutions, these deviations indicate characters and intensities of the intermoleeular interactions. Results indicate that cyclohexane exhibits weak interactions with both of the polymers and does not interfere with their mutual interaction, leading to a compatible blend. Results also suggest that benzene and toluene interact in the PVME in the same manner as PS. This leads to a gradual increase of the number of polymer-polymer interactions as the concentration of the polymers is increased by solvent removal, resulting in a compatible blend. Chloroform apparently interacts more strongly with PVME than with PS but interacts strongly enough with both to restrict interaction among the two polymers. As the concentration of polymers in the cosolution is increased, PS forms a separate phase. This leads to an inhomogeneous blend when the solvent is evaporated.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760221710
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    16-Year creep of polyethylene and PVC (1974)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 14 (1974), S. 577-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Creep tests at constant values of tensile stress, temperature, and relative humidity for two thermoplastics were conducted for approximately 132,000 hr. The strains, ∊, for the first 2000 hr of time, t, were described by an equation of the form ∊ = ∊o + ∊+tn where all other symbols are constants. This equation was found to predict the creep of poly(vinyl chloride) for approximately 132,000 hr with reasonable accuracy. The predicted strains for polyethylene (density 0.924) were somewhat low. Strains during unloading and reloading after 90,000 hr of creep were predicted reasonably well by the Boltzmann superposition principle.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760140807
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1969 SPE international award paper. Rheo-optics on two continents - an example of international cooperation in sciencePrepared while the writer was serving as a Fulbright Visiting Professor at Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan. The work described here has been supported by the Office of Naval Research, the Petroleum Research Fund of the American Chemical Society, and the National Science Foundation. (1969)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 9 (1969), S. 320-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Rheo-optical techniques for the study of crystalline polymers, developed primarily in the United States and Japan, include dynamic birefringence, X-ray diffraction, dichroism, light scattering, and fluorescence. These permit the characterization of the rates of orientation of crystals, amorphous regions, and crystalline superstructures. The application of these methods has permitted the formulation of a model for the deformation of crystalline polymers.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760090503
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1983 Survey of refrigerated ammonia storage in the United States and Canada (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 3 (1984), S. 147-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720030308
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    1988 Meeting Schedule for the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (1988)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 7 (1988), S. J6 
    Details
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720070106
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2-Chlorophenol oxidation in supercritical water: Global kinetics and reaction products (1993)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 39 (1993), S. 178-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: 2-Chlorophenol (2CP) was oxidized in near-critical and supercritical water in a high-pressure plug-flow reactor. The global kinetics for 2CP disappearance were described by a rate law that was 0.88±0.06 order in 2CP, 0.41±0.12 order in O2, and 0.34±0.17 order in water. The activation energy was 11.0±3.8 kcal/mol, and the Arrhenius pre-exponential factor was 102.0±1.2 M-0.63 S-1. The uncertainties represent 95% confidence intervals. The products of 2CP oxidation included CO, CO2, HCl, other chlorophenols, chlorohydroxybenzaldehydes, dichlorophenoxyphenols, dichlorobiphenols, and chlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofuran. The molar yields of the organic products were determined for a set of experiments at 380°C and 278 atm. The most abundant products were 2CP dimers such as dichlorophenoxyphenols and dichlorobiphenols, and the highest yield observed for any individual product was 0.6%. Although the yields of these products were low, their selectivities were high. For example, at 3.6 s, the shortest residence time studied under these conditions, about 50% of the carbon in the 2CP that reacted appeared in 2CP dimers, 18% appeared as CO2, and the balance (32%) was presumably in single-ring and ring-opening products. A reaction pathway analysis using the Delplot methodology revealed that the evolution of products from 2CP oxidation in supercritical water was consistent with a reaction network comprising two parallel primary reactions. One primary reaction path led to dichlorophenoxyphenols and dichlorobiphenols whereas the second primary reaction led to single-ring and ring-opening products. The 2CP dimers were convereted to single-ring and ring-opening products, which were, in turn, ultimately oxidized to CO2.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690390117
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    2-D time-dependent viscoelastic flow calculations using connffessit (1997)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 43 (1997), S. 877-892 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Two-dimensional time-dependent calculations for a molecular model of finite extensibility in the journal-bearing geometry are presented. The flow is considered to be incompressible and isothermal. The momentum conservation equation is integrated using a time-marching procedure in which local ensembles of dumbbells act as stress calculators. The calculations are based on the Calculation of non-Newtonian flows: finite elements and stochastic simulation technique (CONNFFESSIT) and combine deterministic (finite elements) and stochastic techniques to advance the velocity and stress fields in time. The ability of CONNFFESSIT to treat models for which no closed-form constitutive equation can be derived is illustrated by performing calculations using FENE dumbbells. Significant differences in the stress field between the true FENE and the linearized FENE-P are found, especially during the inception period. Steady-state kinematics are, however, identical within error bars for both FENE and FENE-P and for the Newtonian fluid. The essential algorithm of 2-D CONNFFESSIT is detailed, as well as experience gathered from its parallel and vector versions.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690430404
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    20 Years of recycle reactors in reaction engineering (1984)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Plant/Operations Progress 3 (1984), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 0278-4513
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prsb.720030310
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    26-Year creep and recovery of poly(vinyl chloride) and polyethylene (1987)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 27 (1987), S. 582-585 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Creep experiments on two thermoplastics at constant values of tensile stress, temperature, and relative humidity previously reported for 132,000 h were continued to about 230,000 h. An equation of the form ∊ = ∊o + ∊+tn was used to predict the creep, where t is time and ∊o, ∊+, and n are constants for a given stress. ∊o, ∊+, and n were determined from the first 1900 h of data and were used to predict the creep to 230,000 h. The subsequent recovery on unloading was predicted using the same equation together with the superposition principle. Also reported are creep and recovery of companion specimens aged for about 98,000 h.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760270809
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