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  • bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
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  • 1
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    Answer to Jung (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: In 1912 Jung began to have a series of dreams which left him with a sense of disorientation and inner pressure but he could think of nothing in his life that would have caused this. This chapter addresses each of the entries in Liber Primus and relates them to particular high degrees of Freemasonry. The first entry, The Way of What is to Come, was written in retrospect in July 1914 and is an overview of the rest of the entries in Liber Primus. This entry acts as an introduction to the fantasies where Jung personifies two distinct driving forces behind his knowledge and experience: ‘the spirit of this time’, by which he means scientific rationalism, and ‘the spirit of the depths’. In Jung’s entry there is a heavy emphasis on the role of the child and particularly on the concept of the divine child.
    Keywords: Jung; unconscious; depth psychology; analytical psychology; Liber Primus; The Red Book; Freemasonry; dreams; dreaming; fantasies; divine ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory & schools of thought ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory & schools of thought::JMAJ Analytical & Jungian psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory & schools of thought::JMAF Psychoanalytical theory (Freudian psychology)
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Autism Spectrum Disorders (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The changing face of psychiatry and clinical psychology is mostly illustrated by the hugely increasing prevalence of autism spectrum syndrome. There has been a rapid advance in research, and books like this are therefore necessary. The book focuses on controversies in the diagnosis of autism with an examination of stercobilin, autism, and gastrointestinal disease. It also focuses on an exploration of scalp acupuncture as a possible treatment. There is also critical examination of autism in the classroom and an investigation into an unusual phenomenon seen in Africa called ?nodding syndrome.?
    Keywords: Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Women's Mental Health (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-21
    Description: Clinical psychology based on gender medicine is a core topic of this Special Issue. In general, consideration of women’s mental health is limited; however, it is important to consider subjective wellbeing factors connected with cultural, environmental, epigenetic and personality aspects. Many factors, such as the roles assigned to women nowadays in social and work contexts, can act as predisposing conditions in the etiology of the psychopathological frame, particularly affective disorders. Furthermore, in the developmental life of a woman, important risk factors can be highlighted, such as the vulnerability to psychological distress in women and couples. In particular, the topic addresses the individual maternal requirements for successful transition to healthy motherhood and innovative programs based on gender medicine in the life cycle considering student and elderly experiences. The connection of psychological vulnerability to the environment and repercussions for relationships have been studied in connection with the COVID-19 lockdown, induced changes in women’s psychological distress and research regarding sexual arousal, self-image and mental wellbeing. Psychological and emotional forms of violence in couples, such as IPV, is another point highlighting new trend of assessments (i.e., Intimate Partner Violence EAPA-P) and ad hoc treatment in emotional regulation and resilience. Psychological support for women is central to the prevention of psychopathology, especially in relation to subthreshold traits; finally, the topic offers an overview of ad hoc treatments in clinical contexts.
    Keywords: stress ; medical student ; temperament ; self-esteem ; optimism ; stress response ; gender differences ; social behavior ; attachment ; touch avoidance ; network analysis ; intimate partner violence ; psychological treatment ; randomized controlled trial ; posttraumatic stress ; effectiveness ; eating abnormal behavior ; pro-ana and pro-mia websites ; female adolescents ; distress ; self-efficacy ; maternal confidence ; maternal wellbeing ; post-partum ; fall ; women ; health-related quality of life ; South Korea ; COVID-19 ; principal component analysis ; emotion regulation ; social stability status ; intolerance of uncertainly ; Italian population ; psychological violence ; self-report ; violence against women ; gender-based violence ; domestic violence ; assessment ; mindfulness ; newborn ; mother-infant ; maternal behavior ; mother-infant interaction ; maternal parenting stress ; maternal support ; sexuality ; body image ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Understanding Selfies (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: In the year 2013, ‘selfie’ was named word of the year by Oxford Dictionaries in recognition of dramatic changes in frequency, prominence, and register of the term. This drastic increase in selfie-taking was spurred by two factors. The first was the advent of smartphones equipped with front cameras and preview screens that made it easy to compose a photographic self-portrait by a process of deliberately exploring one’s image, choosing a pose, and finally taking the picture. The second key change contributing to the rise of the selfie age was the increasing availability of internet connections. It is estimated that about 50% of the world population has access to the internet today (2018; https://www.internetworldstats.com). At the end of the past century, this percentage was a mere 1%. The growth of the internet infrastructure simultaneously spurred the development of social network applications such as Facebook, Twitter, Snapchat, and Instagram, providing accessible media for sharing photographs including photographic self-portraits. However, despite their tremendous reach and popularity, selfies have so far received relatively little attention by the scientific community, especially within psychology. Thus, we proposed a Frontiers in Psychology Research Topic to expand empirical and theoretical work on the massively popular, yet scientifically unexplored, phenomenon of the selfie. The articles published in this eBook offer a multifaceted insight into current scholarly work on this topic.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; group selfies ; self-esteem ; Human Computer Interaction (HCI) ; self-presentation ; selfie ; viewing perspective ; perception bias ; smartphones ; social media ; internet ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Traumata (2021)
    Aisthesis Verlag | Aisthesis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: 42 Fallstudien und jede bietet eine andere Facette des Themas »Literatur und psychische Desorientierung«. Doch es gibt auch Verbindendes, Allgemeingültiges: Ein Weltschmerzdichter wie Anton Mathias Sprickmann wurde im 18. Jahrhundert ebenso von psychischen Krisen heimgesucht wie der heutige Poetry-Slammer Jan Philipp Zymny; Todesängste, wie sie Annette von Droste-Hülshoff Anfang des 19. Jahrhunderts existentiell durchlitt, begegnen auch beim Ruhrgebiets-Szeneautor Klaus Märkert. Das Thema ›Krankheit‹ zieht sich wie ein roter Faden durch die Literatur, und die These, dass sie den Hintergrund und oft die eigentliche Triebfeder des kreativen Schaffensprozesses bilden, wird durch die vorliegende Untersuchung nicht revidiert, sondern einmal mehr bestätigt.
    Keywords: Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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  • 6
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    Different Views of Anxiety Disorders (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Anxiety, whether an illness or emotion, is a term with historical roots even in the Bible, but it was not popular until the modern age. Today, we can group, diagnose and treat several anxiety disorders to an extent, but the assessment of symptoms and severity, dealing with resistant conditions, new treatment modalities and specific patient population, such as children, are still the challenging aspects of anxiety disorders. This book intends to present anxiety disorders from a different view and discuss a wide variety of topics in anxiety from a multidimensional approach. This Open Access book addresses not only psychiatrists but also a broad range of specialists, including psychologists, neuroscientists and other mental health professionals.
    Keywords: Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    Il recupero del sé attraverso l'autobiografia (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: An accurate definition of memory would embarrass any serious scholar. Briefly, memory could be defined as a wonderful mechanism, a way to transport us back in time. Memory is therefore a mental activity that binds us over time, it is what gives meaning to the existence. Self-narration or autobiography means first of all asking oneself about the status of one's own identity, it means communication, communicating to ourselves and to others who we are; it means transforming the interior monologue into dialogue with otherness; it means marking and regulating our emotions through the representation of the events of our life.
    Keywords: Pedagogia ; Psicologia ; Autobiografia ; Università ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: Italian
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  • 8
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    Multisensory Integration in Action Control (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The integration of multisensory information is an essential mechanism in perception and in controlling actions. Research in multisensory integration is concerned with how the information from the different sensory modalities, such as the senses of vision, hearing, smell, taste, touch, and proprioception, are integrated to a coherent representation of objects. Multisensory integration is central for action control. For instance, when you grasp for a rubber duck, you can see its size and hear the sound it produces. Moreover, identical physical properties of an object can be provided by different senses. You can both see and feel the size of the rubber duck. Even when you grasp for the rubber duck with a tool (e.g. with tongs), the information from the hand, from the effect points of the tool and from the eyes are integrated in a manner to act successfully. Over the recent decade a surge of interest in multisensory integration and action control has been witnessed, especially in connection with the idea that multiple sensory sources are integrated in an optimized way. For this perspective to mature, it will be helpful to delve deeper into the information processing mechanisms and their neural correlates, asking about the range and constraints of this mechanisms, about its localization and involved networks.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; recalibration ; haptic ; Human Information Processing ; Vision ; Perception ; reference frame ; Acoustics ; Tool Use ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Inclusive Research: Is the Road More or Less Well Travelled? (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-02
    Description: The purpose of this Special Issue on inclusive research is to capture internationally, “How far have we come?” and “Where do we need to go?” Such questions are relevant now that it has been close to two decades since Walmsley and Johnson (2003) first introduced the inclusive research paradigm in their text, Inclusive research with people with learning disabilities: past, present, and futures. Within this Special Issue we have reprinted 18 articles that promote inclusive research as a paradigm that has succeeded in transferring power to people with intellectual disabilities who were once the "researched" to now being and becoming the "researchers". The articles draw upon the work of co-researchers both with and without the lived experience of disability who have adopted inclusive research as a paradigm to redress the exclusion of people with intellectual disabilities as researchers. All the 18 articles have an eye on the future and are sequenced across the following themes: the individual impact of being and becoming an inclusive researcher; building inclusive research relationships as a duo; being part of an inclusive research network; and using inclusive research to push boundaries and facilitate issues of importance identified by people with disabilities. The reprint concludes with two articles where inclusive researchers of long standing reflect on how to continue to walk forward on the road that aided by this reprint will become more well-travelled?
    Keywords: university ; higher education ; intellectual disability ; inclusive education ; autoethnography ; Down Syndrome ; action research ; design research ; inclusion ; social workers ; intellectual disabilities ; inclusive research ; participatory research ; developmental disability ; mental health ; collaborative groups ; qualitative research ; creative methodologies ; people with intellectual disabilities ; profound intellectual and multiple disabilities ; belonging ; intersubjectivity ; disability studies ; COVID-19 ; lived experience ; disability ; community researchers ; prisoners ; former prisoners ; criminal justice system ; inclusive employment ; collaborative autoethnography ; ethnography ; collaboration ; pandemic ; relationships ; research methods ; health ; rehabilitation ; assistive technology ; consumer-led ; employment ; students with intellectual disability ; sex education ; sexuality and gender identity ; sexual abuse ; inclusive ; research ; learning/intellectual disability ; impact ; life history ; rights ; community ; capacity building ; policy ; and practice ; funding ; co-design ; co-researching ; research with people with intellectual disability ; research with people with learning disability ; advocacy ; self-advocacy ; manifesto for inclusive research ; accessible academic literature ; space and non-accessible space ; down syndrome ; quality of life ; happiness ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Phonology in the Bilingual and Bidialectal Lexicon (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: A conversation between two people can only take place if the words intended by each speaker are successfully recognized. Spoken word recognition is at the heart of language comprehension. This automatic and smooth process remains a challenge for models of spoken word recognition. Both the process of mapping the speech signal onto stored representations for words, and the format of the representation themselves are subject to debate. So far, existing research on the nature of spoken word representations has focused mainly on native speakers. The picture becomes even more complex when looking at spoken word recognition in a second language. Given that most of the world’s speakers know and use more than one language, it is crucial to reach a more precise understanding of how bilingual and multilingual individuals encode spoken words in the mental lexicon, and why spoken word recognition is more difficult in a second language than in the native language. Current models of native spoken word recognition operate under two assumptions: (i) that listeners’ perception of the incoming speech signal is optimal; and (ii) that listeners’ lexical representations are accurate. As a result, lexical representations are easily activated, and intended words are successfully recognized. However, these assumptions are compromised when applied to a later-learned second language. For a variety of reasons (e.g., phonetic/phonological, orthographic), second language users may not perceive the speech signal optimally, and they may still be refining the motor routines needed for articulation. Accordingly, their lexical representations may differ from those of native speakers, which may in turn inhibit their selection of the intended word forms. Second language users also have to solve a larger selection challenge—having words in more than one language to choose from. Thus, for second language users, the links between perception, lexical representations, orthography, and production are all but clear. Even for simultaneous bilinguals, important questions remain about the specificity and interdependence of their lexical representations and the factors influencing cross-language word activation. This Frontiers Research Topic seeks to further our understanding of the factors that determine how multilinguals recognize and encode spoken words in the mental lexicon, with a focus on the mapping between the input and lexical representations, and on the quality of lexical representations.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Phonological knowledge ; Second-language speech ; bilingual and bidialectal lexicon ; spoken word recognition ; lexical access ; orthographic knowledge ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 11
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    Interdisciplinary Approaches to Multilingualism (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This research topic stems from the "Interdisciplinary Approaches to Multilingualism" conference, which was hosted by the Language Research Centre at the University of Calgary. It was the first conference of its kind, which brought together the work of researchers, educators, and policy makers in the areas of first and second language acquisition from psycholinguistic and pedagogical perspectives. The goal was to provide an opportunity for participants to engage with the implications of multilingualism from a range of perspectives, including the effects of being bilingual from infancy to adulthood, the process and benefits of learning multiple languages, and the impact of multilingualism on society.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Developmental psycholinguistics ; second language literacy development ; Multilingualism ; psycholinguistic research methods ; Second language pedagogy ; bilingualism ; Second Language Acquisition ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 12
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    New Insights into the Prevention and Treatment of Bulimia Nervosa (2021)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-31
    Description: Bulimia nervosa and eating disorders are common cause of distress and health related burden for young women and men. Despite major advances over the past three decades many patients come late to treatment and find that the therapy is incompletely addressed to the complex psychopathology and co-morbidities of the illness. The present book brings timely and contemporary understandings of bulimia nervosa to aid in current thinking regarding prevention and treatment. It will be read by therapists interested in enhancing their current approaches and those interested in earlier and more effective prevention and closing the gap between illness onset and accessing treatment. They will find practical guidance but also new ideas and ways of thinking about bulimia nervosa and the illness experience in this book.
    Keywords: Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 13
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    Feedforward and Feedback Processes in Vision (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The visual system consists of hierarchically organized distinct anatomical areas functionally specialized for processing different aspects of a visual object (Felleman & Van Essen, 1991). These visual areas are interconnected through ascending feedforward projections, descending feedback projections, and projections from neural structures at the same hierarchical level (Lamme et al., 1998). Accumulating evidence from anatomical, functional and theoretical studies suggests that these three projections play fundamentally different roles in perception. However, their distinct functional roles in visual processing are still subject to debate (Lamme & Roelfsema, 2000). The focus of this Research Topic is the roles of feedforward and feedback projections in vision. Even though the notions of feedforward, feedback, and reentrant processing are widely accepted, it has been found difficult to distinguish their individual roles on the basis of a single criterion. We welcome empirical contributions, theoretical contributions and reviews that fit into any one (or a combination) of the following domains: 1) their functional roles for perception of specific features of a visual object 2) their contributions to the distinct modes of visual processing (e.g., pre-attentive vs. attentive, conscious vs. unconscious) 3) recent techniques/methodologies to identify distinct functional roles of feedforward and feedback projections and corresponding neural signatures. We believe that the current Research Topic will not only provide recent information about feedforward/feedback processes in vision but also contribute to the understanding fundamental principles of cortical processing in general.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; projections ; processes ; Feedback ; Vision ; feedforward ; Visual System ; mechanisms ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 14
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    New Studies on Suicide and Self-Harm (2024)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-07
    Description: Suicide is one of the most important causes of death worldwide. As such, assessing the risk of suicidal behavior and identifying protective factors and suicide prevention strategies can reduce suicide-related deaths. Self-harming behavior, which is frequently seen in adolescents and can be confused with suicide attempts, is an important public health problem. This book has been prepared to assist mental health professionals with evaluating individuals with suicide and self-harm behavior, identifying risk factors, and applying prevention strategies. It provides up-to-date knowledge and skills on suicide and self-harm behavior in adolescents. New Studies on Suicide and Self-Harm is designed to help those who work with patients with suicidal behavior and intentional self-harm behavior.
    Keywords: Suicide Theories ; Suicide Risk Factors ; Adolescents ; Personality Disorders ; Treatment Approaches ; Suicide Prevention Programs ; Self-Harming Behavior ; Neurobiology of Suicide ; Neuroimaging ; Mental Illnesses ; Psychometry ; Cognitive Behavior ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 15
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    Conceptual Categories and the Structure of Reality: Theoretical and Empirical Approaches (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: In this eBook, Conceptual Categories and the Structure of Reality, the title very well describes the book's content. Within the book's pages a selection of academics from a variety of human behaviour, human/social science and humanities disciplines write about their research all of which can be typified by their consideration of how categories are used to structure understanding of phenomena. These authors have considered how reality may be understood through notions such as categorial and structural ontologies, part-whole relatoinships (mereology), the qualitative, quantitative and philosophical use of the facet theory approach to research, mapping sentences and declarative mapping sentence, hermeneutics, concepts and constructs, similarities and differences. The resulting collection presents the foregoing conceptual and empirical approaches to knowledge development in general (chapter 1&3 Hackett); Phillips and Wislons' review of compositional syntax in bird calls (chapter 2); neurobehavioral decision systems (chapter 4 Foxall); representations of human psychological processes (chapter 5 Juan-Miguel López-Gil; Rosa Gil; Roberto García); free associations mirroring and its relation to self- and world-related concepts (chapter 6 Martin Kuška; Radek Trnka; Aleš Antonín Kuběna; Jiří Růžička); local knowledge and going beyond the data (chapter 7 Steven Phillips); categorical etiologies of speech sound disorders (chapter 8 Kelly Farquharson); similarity of visual appearance (chapter 9 Nao Nakatsuji; Hisayasu Ihara; Takeharu Seno; Hiroshi Ito); and a consideration of the seminal writing of David Oderberg's on the categorial classification of reality (chapter 10 Hackett).
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; mereology ; similarities ; hermeneutics ; concepts ; category ; ontology ; facet theory ; declarative mapping sentence ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 16
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    Left Versus Right Asymmetries of Brain and Behaviour (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book is a collection of papers written by leaders in the field of lateralized brain function and behaviour in non-human animals. The papers cover the asymmetry of brain mechanisms and behaviour in a wide range of both vertebrate and invertebrate species. Each paper focuses on one of the following topics: the link between population-level lateralization and social behaviour; the processes in the avian brain that permit one brain hemisphere to take control of behaviour; lateralized attention to predators and the common pattern of lateralization in vertebrate species; visual and auditory lateralization; influences that alter the development of lateralization—specifically, the effect of temperature on the development of lateralization in sharks; and the importance of understanding lateralization when considering both the training and welfare of dogs. Collectively, these studies address questions of why different species have asymmetry of brain and behaviour, how it develops, and how this is dealt with by these different species. The papers report on the lateralization of different types of behaviour, each going beyond merely reporting the presence of asymmetry and shedding light on its function and on the mechanisms involved in its expression.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; spider monkey ; zebra finch ; starlings ; frequency-dependent selection ; monocular viewing ; welfare ; climate change ; song ; development ; social behavior ; social interactions ; physiology ; predator inspection ; scale-eater ; vision ; reaction time ; cross-predation ; auditory perception ; dog ; eye preference ; brain asymmetry ; asymmetry of brain function ; paw preference ; songbirds ; shelter ; hemisphere differences ; hemispheric interactions ; population-level ; birds ; color discrimination ; laterality ; general pattern of lateralisation ; lateralised behaviour ; individual-level ; lateral dimorphism ; temperature ; social interaction ; behavior ; ESS ; social networks ; evolution ; Campbell’s monkeys ; hemispheric specialisation ; lateralization ; elasmobranchs ; Perissodus ; attention ; risk ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 17
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    Kurt Baschwitz (2021)
    Amsterdam University Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Kurt Baschwitz (1886-1968) had a lifelong fascination for ‘the riddle of the mass’ in both its visible and invisible forms. He was a major pioneer of communication and media studies on the European continent, an early student of the social, political, and mass psychology of crowds, publics, audiences, and public opinion, as well as a versatile social historian. Half a century after his death, however, he risks being forgotten and misunderstood, falling through the cracks of history.
    Keywords: communication studies ; social psychology ; mass communication ; communication ; psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 18
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    Chapter 6 Idrætspsykologi med et community psykologisk afsæt (2021)
    Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP (Nordic Open Access Scholarly Publishing) | Trender for idrettspsykologisk forskning i Skandinavia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: "The overall purpose of this study was to examine how a transformative and community psychological approach could affect a socially challenged neighbourhood and participants´ perceptions of involvement (young boys, 12–16 years). A social research experiment lasting 2 years was co-created between researchers, practitioners and participants. A multi-method approach was used to ensure that thorough and socially robust knowledge was produced. Methods used included questionnaires, interviews, fieldwork and observations. Although several notable results emerged throughout the intervention period, the most important results were related to the significance of the overall approach regarding these results. Despite the challenges faced by researchers, when engaging youth at the margins of society in a co-creation process, the approach seemed valuable. Giving the participants the possibility to engage themselves, through empowerment initiatives, seems to be a confounding reason for the success of the project. Hence, this article will focus upon the benefits of using a community psychological approach when working with exercise psychology in a socially deprived community."
    Description: "Det overordnede formål med dette studie var at undersøge, hvordan en handlingsrettet og community psykologisk tilgang påvirkede et socialt udsat boligområde og deltagernes opfattelse af sig selv og hinanden (unge drenge, 12–16 år). I den forbindelse blev der samskabt (co-created) et socialt eksperiment over en toårig periode imellem forsker, praktikere og deltagere. En multi-method tilgang blev anvendt for at sikre socialt robust viden. Metoderne omfattede spørgeskemaer, interviews, feltarbejde og observationer. Gennem interventionsperioden blev der rapporteret flere resultater på baggrund af projektet, men vigtigst synes at være den community psykologiske tilgangs betydning for disse resultater. Den valgte tilgang kan anses for at have været det centrale fundament for projektets succes i forhold til at engagere unge drenge på kanten af samfundet i en fælles skabelsesproces. I denne artikel fokuseres på fordelene ved at benytte en community psykologisk tilgang, når man ønsker at arbejde med idrætspsykologi i et socialt udsat boligområde."
    Keywords: action research ; community psychology ; co-creation ; social experiment ; aktionsforskning ; community psykologi ; samskabelse ; socialt eksperiment ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: Danish
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  • 19
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    Applied Olfactory Cognition (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Foreword by Richard J. Stevenson, Macquarie University (Australia): It was long thought that the human nose might be able to discriminate somewhere in the order of 10,000 different odourants. The recent finding that the human nose can discriminate something like a trillion different smells serves as yet another reminder that we have again underestimated the capacity of our sense of smell (Bushdid, Magnasco, Vosshall & Keller, 2014). This volume serves as a further corrective for anyone who should hold the view that olfaction is unimportant in human affairs. The papers presented in this ebook, carefully collated and overseen by Aldo Zucco, Benoist Schaal, Mats Olsson and Ilona Croy, showcase a large number of quite different reasons for studying the applied side of olfaction, and indeed human olfaction in general. The 23 contributions presented here cover a broad range of topics, which illustrate contemporary interests in our field. Although with a strong applied focus, a noteworthy feature of this ebook is the richness of the theoretical perspectives that are developed. These range from considerations of olfactory perception, memory, expertise, and priming right the way through to receptor genetics. These contributions, from many leading experts in the field, will surely shape much of the applied work linking olfaction to disease, which is a further focus of this ebook. In respect to health and disease, the chapters on aging, pregnancy, depression, alcohol dependency and environmental odours, present overviews and rich new data on many contemporary problems, to which the study of olfaction is now contributing. A particularly notable aspect of olfactory experience is the affective impact that odours can have on people and their lives. The ebook covers some particularly intriguing aspects of work in this area, with empirical studies investigating dissociations between wanting and liking, stress reduction in the elderly, mother-infant bonding, and the emotions that different odourants can evoke. This affective line of work is nicely complemented by empirical studies on expertise, the effect of odours on visual attention, and the relationship between particular personality traits and interest in olfaction. The gradual appropriation of methods from cognitive neuroscience into olfaction is also nicely represented in this ebook, with at least three of the chapters reporting data using neuroimaging, including a particular intriguing study looking at recognition of odours in mixtures. Finally, the close links between olfactory perception and sensory evaluation are also reflected in a chapter on wine. I hope that readers of this e-book will be struck, as I have been in reading its various chapters, how much olfaction affects our lives, and how the study of this sense can enrich it.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Disease ; Health ; Everyday Life ; Cognition ; Applied olfaction ; Expertise ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    The cognitive and neural bases of human tool use (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Humans are not unique in using tools. But human tool use differs from that known to occur in nonhumans in being very frequent, spontaneous, and diversified. So a fundamental issue is, what are the cognitive and neural bases of human tool use? This Research Topic of Frontiers provides a venue for leading researchers in the field of tool use to present original research papers, integrative reviews or theoretical articles that further our understanding of this topic. Articles address a wide range of issues including, for instance, the nature of the underlying representations (e.g., conceptual, sensorimotor), the mechanisms supporting the incorporation of tools into body schema, the link between imitation and tool use, or the evolutionary origins of human tool use. Articles are included from experimental psychology, neuropsychology, neuroimaging, neurophysiology, developmental psychology, ethology, comparative psychology, and ergonomics. The goal of this Research Topic of Frontiers is to provide a state-of-the-art view of the field.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Neural Bases ; tool use ; action ; cognitive bases ; motor control ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Sport Psychology in Sports, Exercise and Physical Activity (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Sports psychology is an interdisciplinary science for the purpose of increased participation in sports and physical activity to improve health and wellbeing. It addresses everything from optimal performance and wellbeing of athletes to developing mental and social aspects of participation to systemic issues associated with sports settings and organizations. This book introduces readers to topics within sports psychology with a special focus on motivation, behavior change, and personalities.
    Keywords: motivation, covid-19, adolescent, executive functions, working memory, health ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Sozialperspektivität (2021)
    Universitätsverlag Göttingen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-28
    Description: Social perspective defines the human skill of changing between the point of view of oneself and the other. It takes meta-perspectives and applies them to the different (suspected) point of views. If one knows how the interaction-partner sees the world, one can assume the partner´s willingness to act and consider it for one´s own plan of action.
    Keywords: psychology ; prejudice ; behaviour ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology::JMRP Perception ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences
    Language: German
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    The Psychology of Becoming a Successful Worker (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: In this book, we introduce our research on success at work in a very broad sense. This research can be said to have begun during the fi rst years of this millennium. Adjunct Professor Uusiautti fi rst focused on work drive in nurses and midwives, expanding her analysis to Finnish Employees of the Year, while Professor Määttä conducted her studies on love and human relationships. When our specifi c research streams converged, we began studying positive development in childhood and adolescence as well as in adulthood and later life. We even managed to incorporate our ideas on leadership. Now, we think it is time to compile our fi ndings into a psychology of success. In many parts of this book, we will refer to the route to success – we hope that this book will function as a signpost showing the way to happiness-promoting success at work. The standpoint in this book rests on psychology, particularly positive psychology. This means that we deliberately aimed to combine the themes of work success with fl ourishing and favourable development. Our purpose is to inspire and challenge researchers and all those interested to examine the possibilities of this positive approach and to consider this as one example of how to seize phenomena that are diffi cult to defi ne comprehensively but, fi rst and foremost, we want them to see the connection between success and happiness.
    Keywords: employees psychology ; employee motivation ; psychology ; success ; job satisfaction ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    A British Childhood? Some Historical Reflections on Continuities and Discontinuities in the Culture of Anglophone Childhood (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book considers how adults attempt to socialise young children into the adults it aspires to produce, from a number of diverse perspectives. The evolution of storytelling and its impact upon child development is initially explored, followed by the consideration of how social class, ethnicity, culture, and colonialism impact upon the ways that societies ‘school’ children about what to expect from adulthood. Different perspectives of early years education and growing up within a British/British colonial perspective are discussed and analysed. There is a focus throughout upon the way that children are constructed by the society in question, particularly those who are considered to be of lower status in terms of being poor, orphaned, or from ethnic groups against which the dominant culture discriminates. Topics covered by the chapters include topics covered by this Special Issue: current and historical constructions of childhood; the development of linguistic and ‘storying’ skills in childhood; childhood play and recreation; childhood and ‘folk’ narratives; philosophies of childhood; childhood and industrialisation; childhood and post-industrialisation; childhood education; childhood health; and cultures of childcare.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; play ; institutionalisation ; social reproduction ; media ; human evolution ; children ; purposes of nursery schooling ; early-years education history ; school readiness ; poverty ; early childhood education ; abandonment ; colonialism ; racism ; schooling for parental responsibility ; childhood ; early-years education ; apartheid ; foundling hospital ; Africa ; narrative ; under-fives in elementary schools ; urban Lancashire demographic sample 1901 ; storying ; mythology ; open-air nursery ; maternal duties ; Susan Isaacs ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Reduction of Environmental Distraction to Facilitate Cognitive Performance (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: When faced with a difficult task, people often look at the sky or close their eyes. This behavior is functional: the reduction of distractions in the environment can improve performance on cognitive tasks, including memory retrieval. Reduction of visual distractions can be operationalized through eye-closure, gaze aversion, or by comparing exposure to simple and complex visual displays, respectively. Reduction of auditory distractions is typically examined by comparing performance under quiet and noisy conditions. Theoretical reasoning regarding this phenomenon draws on various psychological principles, including embodied cognition, cognitive load, and modality-specific interference. Practical applications of the research topic are diverse. For example, the findings could be used to improve performance in forensic settings (e.g., eyewitness testimony), educational settings (e.g., exam performance), occupational settings (e.g., employee productivity), or medical settings (e.g., medical history reporting). This Research Topic welcomes articles from all areas of psychology relating to the reduction of distractions to improve task performance. Articles can address (but are not limited to) new empirical findings, comprehensive reviews, theoretical frameworks, opinion pieces, or discussions of practical applications.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; distraction ; eye-closure ; eyewitness memory ; modality-specific interference ; Cognitive Load ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Chapter 2 Lev Nikolaevich Tolstoy (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Queer Tolstoy | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This chapter, the book’s introduction and summary, examines Tolstoy’s life and art using psychobiographical, historical, and sexological prisms. The centrality of erotic non-conformism is the artist’s emotional landscape and anarchist vision is emphasized. The numerous precedents in Russian history and society for LGBT life, from medieval legends to the sex-lives of despots and artists alike, are reviewed. An in-depth exploration of Tolstoy’s erotic and attachment history, taken together with the number of same-sex relationships portrayed in his art, uncovers an underappreciated erotic dissidence.
    Keywords: ethics, gender, LGBTQ+, political history, queer studies, Russian history, sexology, theology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory & schools of thought::JMAF Psychoanalytical theory (Freudian psychology) ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPS Social & political philosophy ; bic Book Industry Communication::D Literature & literary studies::DS Literature: history & criticism ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJQ History of other lands ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory, systems, schools and viewpoints::JMAF Psychoanalytical and Freudian psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JB Society and culture: general::JBS Social groups, communities and identities::JBSF Gender studies, gender groups ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTS Social and political philosophy ; thema EDItEUR::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::D Biography, Literature and Literary studies::DS Literature: history and criticism ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHQ History of other geographical groupings and regions ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Chapter 9 SUICIDE BEREAVEMENT AND POSTVENTION APPROACHES FOR YOUNG PEOPLE IN SCOTLAND (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | THE ROUTLEDGE INTERNATIONAL HANDBOOK OF CHILD AND ADOLESCENT GRIEF IN CONTEMPORARY CONTEXTS | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Suicide is a leading cause of death globally, and each suicide can have a profound impact on those grieving the loss, including young people. Suicide loss is a risk factor for adverse health and social outcomes including complicated grief and subsequent suicides. Young people coping with such a death may face additional complexities in their bereavement experience including feelings of guilt, shame, perceived stigma, and rejection given the cause of death, alongside wider challenges relating to unmet health and social needs. Suicide bereavement support, or postvention, has increasingly become recognised as a priority within several countries’ suicide prevention approaches. Yet, our understanding of what works in terms of support, and particularly for adolescent age groups, remains unclear and predominantly focuses on professional interventions which neglect the role of the wider political, social, and cultural environment.
    Keywords: death, grief, bereavement, youth, childhood, child, adolescence, non-death losses, illness, disability, pandemic, COVID-19, Black Lives Matter, BLM, parents, siblings, climate change, environmental grief, immigration, relocation, sexual exploitation, social media, war, oppression ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMQ Psychology: emotions ; bic Book Industry Communication::V Health & personal development::VF Family & health::VFJ Coping with personal problems::VFJX Coping with death & bereavement ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMJ Clinical psychology::MMJT Psychotherapy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Psychoanalysis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book provides a comprehensive overview of the contemporary evolution of psychoanalytic thought and significant development in psychoanalytic methods, relating this information with other scientific disciplines and approaches. It also discusses the modern approach to psychoanalysis, psychoanalytic contributions to modern experience and culture, new empirical research derived from the practice of psychoanalysis, and more.
    Keywords: trauma, ethnicity, society, finance, psychiatry, health ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Behavior Analysis (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Many research fields are heading toward more precise process analyses in the era of big data and artificial intelligence. In particular, using innovative methods to analyze different human behaviors as well as understand specific behavioral patterns helps explore the structures and contexts in all kinds of human behaviors, which can serve as theoretical innovation and strategies to solve human problems. This book collects the latest behavior analysis research in different disciplines, including some methods or analysis examples.
    Keywords: sustainability, entropy, autism spectrum disorder (asd), children, europe ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    The Underrepresentation of Women in Science: International and Cross-Disciplinary Evidence and Debate (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: There is no shortage of articles and books exploring women’s underrepresentation in science. Everyone is interested--academics, politicians, parents, high school girls (and boys), women in search of college majors, administrators working to accommodate women’s educational interests; the list goes on. But one thing often missing is an evidence-based examination of the problem, uninfluenced by personal opinions, accounts of “lived experiences,” anecdotes, and the always-encroaching inputs of popular culture. This is why this special issue of Frontiers in Psychology can make a difference. In it, a diverse group of authors and researchers with even more diverse viewpoints find themselves united by their empirical, objective approaches to understanding women’s underrepresentation in science today. The questions considered within this special issue span academic disciplines, methods, levels of analysis, and nature of analysis; what these article share is their scholarly, evidence-based approach to understanding a key issue of our time.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; stereotypes ; women in science ; Bias ; leaky pipeline ; sex differences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    The Psychology of Human Thought (2021)
    Heidelberg University Publishing (heiUP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: The “Psychology of Human Thought” is an “open access” collection of peer-reviewed chapters from all areas of higher cognitive processes. The book is intended to be used as a textbook in courses on higher process, complex cognition, human thought, and related courses. Chapters include concept acquisition, knowledge representation, inductive and deductive reasoning, problem solving, metacognition, language, expertise, intelligence, creativity, wisdom, development of thought, affect and thought, and sections about history and about methods. The chapters are written by distinguished scholarly experts in their respective fields, coming from such diverse regions as North America, Great Britain, France, Germany, Norway, Israel, and Australia. The level of the chapters is addressed to advanced undergraduates and beginning graduate students.
    Description: „Psychology of Human Thought“ ist eine Sammlung frei zugänglicher, qualitätsgeprüfter Kapitel aus allen Gebieten höherer Kognition. Sie ist gedacht als Lesebuch zum Studium komplexer Kognition und des menschlichen Denkens. Die Kapitel umfassen die Themen Begriffserwerb, Wissensrepräsentation, induktives und deduktives Schließen, Problemlösen, Metakognition, Sprache, Kultur, Expertise, Intelligenz, Kreativität, Weisheit, Denkentwicklung, Denken und Gefühle. Auch Kapitel zur Geschichte und zu Methoden sind dabei. Die Kapitel sind von weltweit führenden Experten aus den USA, Großbritannien, Frankreich, Norwegen, Israel, Australien und Deutschland verfasst. Das Niveau ist ausgerichtet auf fortgeschrittene Studierende.
    Keywords: Human Cognition ; Psychology of Thinking ; Decision Making ; Language ; Culture ; Menschliche Kognition ; Psychologie des Denkens ; Willensbildung ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    The Psychosocial Reality of Digital Travel (2021)
    Springer Nature | Palgrave Macmillan
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This open access book takes a fresh look at the nature of the digital travel experience, at a time when more and more people are engaged in online social interaction, games, and other virtual experiences essentially involving online visits to other places. It examines whether these experiences can seem real to the virtual traveller and, if so, under what conditions and on what grounds. The book unpacks philosophical theories relevant to the feeling of being somewhere, emphasising the importance of perception and being-in-the-world. Notions of place are outlined, based on work in tourism studies, human geography, and other applied social fields, with an aim to investigate how and when different experiences of place arise for the traveller and how these relate to telepresence – the sense of being there in another place through digital media. Findings from recent empirical studies of digital travel are presented, including a survey from which the characteristics of “digital travellers” are identified. A review of selected interactive design trends and possibilities leads to the conclusion, which draws these strands together and looks to the future of this topical and expanding field.
    Keywords: open access ; Telepresence ; virtual travel ; interaction design ; HCI ; psychosocial studies ; cyber psychology ; Social Interaction in Virtual Environments ; Computer-Mediated Environments ; digital environments ; interactive behaviour ; digital tourism ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMS The self, ego, identity, personality ; bic Book Industry Communication::U Computing & information technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQV Computer vision ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMS Psychology: the self, ego, identity, personality ; thema EDItEUR::U Computing and Information Technology::UY Computer science::UYQ Artificial intelligence::UYQV Computer vision
    Language: English
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    Neuroimaging and Neuropsychology of Meditation States (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Neurophysiological and psychological modifications induced by meditation practice have been consistently addressed by neuroscience. Training meditation practice induced plasticity (Barinaga, 2003; Knight, 2004), and as a consequence several benefit for mental and physical health (Davidson & McEwen, 2012), and cognitive performance. One goal of meditation is to achieve the light of consciousness observing with equanimity (the right distance) clouds of the mind wandering. This Frontiers Research Topic brings together studies from groups of authors whose research focus on neuropsychological systems involved in meditation demonstrating how meditation activates and can modify brain areas, cognitive mechanisms and well-being.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; fMRI ; Meditation ; Attention ; Neuropsychology ; Expertise ; Meta-analysis ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Character, Responsibility, and Well-Being: Influences on Mental Health and Constructive Behavior Patterns (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Character can be defined as self-aware knowledge that helps the individual to set goals, values and ethical principles (Cloninger, 2004). This meta-cognitive dimension of human personality involves ‘Theory of Mind’, and is positively related to measures of well-being, mental health, and constructive behavior patterns. Research from at least three different fields, cultural (Shweder, Much, Mahapatra & Park, 1997), personality (Cloninger, 2004), and social psychology (Abele & Wojcizke, 2007) suggest that character can be organized along three broad principles: agency, which is related to the autonomy and the fulfillment and enhancement of the self; communion, which is related to engagement in the protection and relations to others such as families, companies or nations; and spirituality, which is related to the human ability to transcend the self and find and interconnection with all life and appreciation of the whole world around us (Haidt, 2006; Cloninger, 2013). Using the Temperament and Character Inventory (Cloninger, Svrakic & Przybeck, 1993) researchers have found that agentic (i.e., Self-directedness) and communal (i.e., Cooperativeness) values are associated to high levels of happiness, psychological well-being, and less violent behavior. Moreover, low Self-directedness and Cooperativeness is recurrent among individuals with all types of mental health problems, such as, depression, schizophrenia, anxiety disorder, autism spectrum disorders, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder and et cetera. Spirituality, in coherence with agency and communion, guides the individual to seek self-realization in harmony with others and nature in the changing world (Cloninger, 2013). Seeing character as self-awareness of the self in three dimensions has also been associated to human responsibility and empowerment. This Research Topic will focus on all article types that put forward findings regarding: •Character as a protective factor against mental illness •Character’s association to conduct disorders and violent behavior •Character as a promoter of happiness, life satisfaction, and well-being •The etiology of character •Longitudinal studies on character •Agency, communion, and spirituality as broad dimensions for the conceptualization of positive measures of mental health •Innovative methods to measure or conceptualize character •Non-linear effects of character on mental health •Character as a measure/conceptualization of responsibility •Character in school and work place settings •Character in relation to empowerment.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Well-being ; Character ; responsibility ; Personality ; Virtues ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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    Transforming Trauma (2021)
    Purdue University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-04-25
    Description: This book focuses on research developments, models, and practical applications of animal-assisted interventions for diverse populations who have experienced trauma. Physiological and psychological trauma is explored across three broad areas: 1) child maltreatment and family violence; 2) acute and post-traumatic stress, including that which is associated with military service, war, and developmental trauma; and 3) times of crisis, such as natural disasters and the ever-increasing risks associated with climate change, community violence, terrorism, and periods of personal loss and grief. Contributing authors, who include both national and international experts in the fields of human-animal connection and trauma, discuss how our relationships with animals can help build resiliency and foster healing to transform trauma and trauma response.
    Keywords: Psychology ; psychology ; animals ; Resilience ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Wie Bilder «entstehen». (2021)
    Peter Lang International Academic Publishing Group
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-10
    Description: Wie erscheinen, «entstehen» Bilder? Welche Eigenschaften, Strukturen und Entwicklungen lassen sich in frühen graphischen Äusserungen beobachten? Sind frühe Bildmerkmale in einer bestimmten Kultur allgemein oder individuell? Worin besteht frühe bildhafte Erkenntnis und Ästhetik? Auf welche allgemeinen Bestimmungen von «Bild» oder «Bildern» verweist die Bildgenese? Auf welche allgemeinen Aspekte des frühen symbolischen Verhaltens verweisen frühe Bilder? Der vorliegende erste Band zur Bildentwicklung im frühen Kindesalter stellt die Ergebnisse einer breit angelegten empirischen Studie von Zeichnungen und Malereien europäischer Kinder (Schweiz, Frankreich und Deutschland) im Vorschulalter vor.
    Keywords: Clinical psychology ; The arts: general issues ; Psychology ; Occupational and industrial psychology ; Child, developmental and lifespan psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::A The arts::AB The arts: general issues
    Language: German
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  • 37
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    RAND Suicide Prevention Program Evaluation Toolkit (2023)
    RAND Corporation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Evaluating suicide prevention programs can be challenging because suicide is a rare event and prevention programs are often complex and multifaceted. The RAND Suicide Prevention Program Evaluation Toolkit uses checklists, worksheets, and templates to help program staff design an evaluation that is appropriate for their program type, available resources, and expertise and offers guidance on analyzing the resulting data to inform improvements.
    Keywords: Psychology ; Health Sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBQ Medicolegal issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Bullying im Klassenverband – doch nicht nur in der Schule (2022)
    Springer Nature | Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Das vorliegende Open-Access-Buch befasst sich mit den Fragen, welche Rollen Klassenmitglieder bei Bullying einnehmen und durch welche sozial-kognitiven und affektiven Reaktionen sie sich auszeichnen. Bei Bullying handelt es sich um aggressives Verhalten, das sich über einen längeren Zeitraum hinweg systematisch gegen schwächere Mitglieder einer Gruppe richtet. Bullying ist dementsprechend als Gruppenphänomen zu verstehen, das unter anderem häufig in Schulklassen auftritt. Die vorliegende empirische Arbeit berücksichtigt sowohl Bullying im schulischen Kontext als auch Bullying mittels digitaler Medien – also Cyberbullying. Grundannahme ist, dass sich Bullying im Klassenverband heutzutage auch in den Cyberspace erstreckt. Neben Täter- und Opfer-Rolle wird zwischen drei Bystander-Rollen differenziert: Verstärker, Verteidiger und Außenstehende. Der Vergleich zwischen diesen Rollen zeigt, dass sich unter Kontrolle von Geschlecht und Klassenstufe insbesondere Verteidiger- und Täter-Rolle in Hinblick auf Empathie, Moral Disengagement, Verantwortungsgefühl und Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen unterscheiden, es jedoch wider Erwarten keine Unterschiede zwischen den Bystander-Rollen bezüglich Befürchtungen gibt.
    Keywords: Cyberbullying/ Cybermobbing ; Verantwortung ; Bullying/ Mobbing ; Moral Disengagement ; Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen ; Empathie ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMS The self, ego, identity, personality ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMS Psychology: the self, ego, identity, personality ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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    Brain-Mind-Body Practice and Health (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: It is acknowledged that practice could induce rapid change or reorganization of the brain’s cellular or neural networks as well as behaviors. Notably, practice relevant to mental or physical approach attracted great attention in this decade. It highlights profound significance both for human evolvement and individual development. Specifically, acquiring fine motor skills is a crucial premise for human being to evolve to modern human by using tools in one side. In the other side, numerous evidences indicated that motor learning involved in limb and trunks promotes the development of individual brain in anatomy and functions. Hence, motor learning is also tightly associated with developmental plasticity. These studies on brain-mind-body practice illuminate a promising way in promoting human brain health. This editorial covers wide range of brain-mind-body practice forms to summarize recent new findings and development from behavioral, physiological, neurobiological and psychological science approaches. In this research topic, we addressed recent findings from theoretical as well as experimental perspective including contributions under the following three headings: 1) intervention studies to investigate the positive effect of brain-mind-body practice on cognition and relevant brain mechanism. The intervention pattern consisted of short-term practice ranging from few hours to several weeks; 2) cross-sectional studies using expert-novice paradigm to explore the behavioral and neural system change induced by extensive brain-mind-body practice; 3) the mediators influence the relationship between practice and health outcomes and 4) new viewpoints on brain-mind-body practice from theoretical perspectives. Here we briefly highlight these articles aiming to provide a deep understanding for the association between practice, plasticity and health for readers. Additionally, it offers new insights for developing possible practice interventions for clinical treatment of neurological dysfunction or disorders.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Mind-body practice ; Brain ; fMRI ; ERP ; Acute aerobic exercise ; Cognition ; executive control ; Tai Chi Chuan ; intervention ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 40
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    Access to Behavioral Health Care for Geographically Remote Service Members and Dependents in the U.S. (2023)
    RAND Corporation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: Concerns about access to behavioral health care for military service members and their dependents living in geographically remote locations prompted research into how many in this population are remote and the effects of this distance on their use of behavioral health care. The authors conducted geospatial and longitudinal analyses to answer these questions and reviewed current policies and programs to determine barriers and possible solutions.
    Keywords: Management & Organizational Behavior ; Health Sciences ; Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBQ Medicolegal issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Happiness, Well-being and Sustainability (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: Happiness, Well-being and Sustainability: A Course in Systems Change is the first textbook bridging the gap between personal happiness and sustainable social change. The book provides a guide for students to increase their skills, literacy and knowledge about connections between a sense of well-being and systems change. Further, it can help students live a life that brings them happiness and contributes to the well-being of others and the sustainability of our planet. The book is presented in seven chapters covering the subjects of systems thinking, personal and societal values, measuring happiness, human needs, ecological sustainability and public policy. In addition, each section includes engaging exercises to empower students to develop their own ideas, prompts for group discussion, suggestions for additional research and an extensive list of resources and references. The book is written in the context of systems thinking with a style that is approachable and accessible. Happiness, Well-being and Sustainability provides essential reading for students in courses on happiness, social change and sustainability studies, and provides a comprehensive framework for instructors looking to initiate courses in this field. A website to support the professors teaching the book is available at:　https://www.happycounts.org/coursebook.html The Open Access version of this book, available at http://www.taylorfrancis.com, has been made available under a Creative Commons Attribution-Non Commercial-No Derivatives (CC-BY-NC-ND) 4.0 license.
    Keywords: community well-being;ecological sustainability;personal happiness;positive change theory ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RNC Applied ecology ; bic Book Industry Communication::R Earth sciences, geography, environment, planning::RN The environment::RND Environmental policy & protocols ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::V Health & personal development::VS Self-help & personal development::VSP Popular psychology::VSPM Assertiveness, motivation & self-esteem
    Language: English
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    Developmental, Modal, and Pathological Variation Linguistic and Cognitive Profiles for Speakers of Linguistically Proximal Languages and Varieties (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: One significant area of research in the multifaceted field of bilingualism over the past two decades has been the demonstration, validation, and account of the so-called ‘bilingual advantage’. This refers to the hypothesis that bilingual speakers have advanced abilities in executive functions and other domains of human cognition. Such cognitive benefits of bilingualism have an impact on the processing mechanisms active during language acquisition in a way that results in language variation. Within bilingual populations, the notion of language proximity (or linguistic distance) is also of key importance for deriving variation. In addition, sociolinguistic factors can invest the process of language development and its outcome with an additional layer of complexity, such as schooling, language, dominance, competing motivations, or the emergence of mesolectal varieties, which blur the boundaries of grammatical variants. This is particularly relevant for diglossic speech communities—bilectal, bidialectal, or bivarietal speakers. The defined goal of the present Research Topic is to address whether the bilingual advantage extends to such speakers as well. Thus, ‘Linguistic and Cognitive Profiles for Speakers of Linguistically Proximal Languages and Varieties’ become an important matter within ‘Developmental, Modal, and Pathological Variation’.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; P87-96 ; Q1-390 ; (a)typical development ; Proximity ; executive functions ; impaired language ; Language variation ; multilectalism ; cognitive advantage ; Varieties ; bilingualism ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Psychosocial Considerations for Children and Adolescents Living with Rare Diseases (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This Special Issue of the journal Children constitutes an opportune moment to reflect on the psychosocial needs of children living with rare diseases and of their families. As medical advances, treatments, and developments have enabled many of these children to survive infancy and to live into adulthood, progress brings with it concerns and opportunities to enhance the psychosocial quality of life of children living with rare diseases, and of their families. This Special Issue reflects the current state of psychosocial research, which is primarily qualitative in nature. There are no scientifically rigorous randomized clinical trials to create an evidence base of effective psychosocial interventions for the provision of care to children with rare diseases and to their families; nevertheless, the papers within this Special Issue provide a reflection on the state of the science, including ideas about future research and practice. In this next section we share observations about the contributions made by each of the 13 articles, which cover a diverse range of topics.
    Keywords: cancer ; childhood cancer ; adaptation ; psychological ; neoplasm ; oncology ; sibling ; social support ; social adjustment ; palliative care ; end-of-life care ; equity ; public health approach ; compassionate communities ; caregiving ; parents ; psychosocial support ; rare disease ; advance care planning ; decision-making ; family caregiver ; psychosocial care ; communication ; pediatric ; adolescents and young adults ; healthcare needs ; chronic illness ; AYA transition ; Beckwith–Wiedemann syndrome ; emotional-behavioral problems ; psychosocial difficulties ; psychomotor development ; preschool-age children ; pediatric chronic illness ; rare diseases ; family caregivers ; gender differences ; genetic or rare diseases ; health outcomes ; illness perception ; parenting stress ; siblings ; bereavement ; emotions ; psychosocial distress ; pediatrics ; complex chronic conditions ; pediatric to adult transition ; special needs ; interventions ; care coordination ; transition readiness ; family burden ; parental need ; urea cycle disorders ; E-IMD ; inherited metabolic diseases ; medullary thyroid carcinoma ; psychosocial ; young adults ; life-limiting conditions ; adolescents ; age-appropriate ; development ; cognitive functions ; children ; families ; medical complexity ; policy ; advocacy ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Handbook of Positive Psychology, Religion, and Spirituality (2023)
    Springer Nature | Springer International Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-03
    Description: This handbook aims to bridge the gap between the fields of positive psychology and the psychology of religion and spirituality. It is the authoritative guide to the intersections among religion, spirituality, and positive psychology and includes the following sections: (1) historical and theoretical considerations, (2) methodological considerations, (3) cultural considerations, (4) developmental considerations, (5) empirical research on happiness and well-being in relation to religion and spirituality, (6) empirical research on character strengths and virtues in relation to religion and spirituality, (7) clinical and applied considerations, and (8) field unification and advancement. Leading positive psychologists and psychologists of religion/spirituality have coauthored the chapters, drawing on expertise from their respective fields. The handbook is useful for social and clinical scientists, practitioners in helping professions, practitioners in religious and spiritual fields, and students of psychology and religion/spirituality. This is an open access book.
    Keywords: Religion ; Spirituality ; Positive psychology ; virtues ; character strengths ; health ; well-being ; happiness ; culture ; development ; meaning ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory & schools of thought::JMAN Humanistic psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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  • 45
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    Interventions to Reduce Mental Health Stigma and Discrimination (2023)
    RAND Corporation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: A number of programs aim to reduce the stigma and discrimination associated with mental illness, and they can include a variety of components such as training, education, media campaigns, and contact with people with mental illness. Stigma and discrimination reduction activities are evaluated in this report, using evidence from an extensive literature review.
    Keywords: Health Sciences ; Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBQ Medicolegal issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBN Public health & preventive medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Understanding the Successful Coordination of Team Behavior (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: In many areas of human life, people perform in teams. These teams’ performances depend, at least partly, on team members’ abilities to coordinate their contributions effectively. This includes the making of decisions and the regulation of behavior in reference to the framework provided by the social group- and task-context. Given the high relevance of a deepened and integrated understanding about the mechanisms underlying coordinated team behavior, the aim of this research topic is to provide a platform for different theoretical and methodological approaches to researching and understanding coordinated team behavior in different task contexts. The articles published in this edition offer a multifaceted insight into current work on the topic.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; performance ; team work ; collaboration ; decision making ; team sports ; group ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Life Satisfaction and Psychological and Physical Well-Being (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The reprint showcases a review and empirical studies on life satisfaction and its related aspects. The studies are from several countries on a wide range of samples including university students, faculty, nurses, entrepreneurs, adolescents, national databases, refugees, and community samples.
    Keywords: preference-based health-related quality of life ; refugee ; EQ–5D–5L ; post-migration stressors ; self-efficacy ; recreation specialization ; flow experience ; life satisfaction ; mediating effect ; Gallup World Poll ; New Zealand ; wellbeing ; trust in government ; social security fairness ; social security satisfaction ; social entrepreneur ; exit intention ; prosocial motivation ; gender ; nurses ; quality of life ; protective factors ; coping strategies ; type of practice ; COVID-19 ; ageism ; stereotypes ; discrimination ; work engagement ; conscientiousness ; physical well-being ; subjective well-being ; activities of daily living ; health ; physical activity ; post-COVID-19 condition ; work ; community home-based elderly care ; Chinese older adults ; kindness interventions ; materialism ; satisfaction with life ; self-determination theory ; emotional intelligence ; resilience ; self-esteem ; university students ; happiness ; positive affect ; family functioning ; developmental age ; systematic review ; youth ; adolescence ; normative stressors ; interpersonal stressors ; school stressors ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Attachment Assessment in treatments, prevention and intervention programs (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Attachment theory, assessment and research offers a broad, far-reaching view of human functioning, and it can enrich a psychologist's understanding of subjects and their relational adjustment, both in clinical and non-clinical settings. Ongoing research in attachment has led to a number of individual treatments and prevention and intervention programs. The assessment of an individual's attachment organization, can play a crucial role in explaining and previewing the unfolding treatment, the relational adjustments or concerns, and the psychological well-being. We hope to receive empirical papers that give evidence for the usefulness of attachment assessment in both clinical (e.g., patients with Eating Disorder; or Axis-II; psychotherapy patients…) or not clinical population (e.g. Adoptive and/or foster families or couples, Mother-infant assessment in prevention field…). These papers should include methodological issues and information about the participants, the methods used to assess attachment, the process of scorer training and the availability of the manual used to obtain inter-scorer reliability. Case studies may be of interest to the extent that they demonstrate the value of a systematic approach to attachment material. A range of theoretical perspectives is welcome as well presentation of new emergent tools on attachment. Because Frontiers in Psychology is an international journal, each empirical paper should comment on the international implications of the findings and discuss its cross-cultural use. Such comments may include, for example, its linguistic specificity, its robustness in translation, and the cross-cultural generalizability of the constructs and behaviors of the measure and its usual correlates. Cross-cultural generalizability is not, however, a requirement.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Parenting ; Obesity ; Anorexia ; Treatment ; Addiction ; Attachment ; Trauma ; autism ; Adoption ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Understanding Trust in Organizations (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: network trust, trust, second-hand trust, prototrust, relational trust, network theory, mechanism, indicators, contingencies, tie strength, social distance, network closure, vertical network differentiation, governance veracity, identity authenticity, swift trust
    Keywords: network trust, trust, second-hand trust, prototrust, relational trust, network theory, mechanism, indicators, contingencies, tie strength, social distance, network closure, vertical network differentiation, governance veracity, identity authenticity, swift trust ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJU Organizational theory & behaviour ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMJ Occupational & industrial psychology
    Language: English
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    Linguagem e produção de sentidos no cotidiano (2021)
    SciELO Books - Centro Edelstein
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: [Professora Doutora Mary Jane Spink] [...] aborda diversos temas importantes para a Psicologia Social, desde a problematização dos sentidos produzidos no cotidiano até sua relação com a pesquisa acadêmica.[...] [trecho retirado do Prefácio do livro]
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; PSYCHOLOGY ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: Portuguese
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    Music and the Functions of the Brain: Arousal, Emotions, and Pleasure (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Music impinges upon the body and the brain. As such, it has significant inductive power which relies both on innate dispositions and acquired mechanisms and competencies. The processes are partly autonomous and partly deliberate, and interrelations between several levels of processing are becoming clearer with accumulating new evidence. For instance, recent developments in neuroimaging techniques, have broadened the field by encompassing the study of cortical and subcortical processing of the music. The domain of musical emotions is a typical example with a major focus on the pleasure that can be derived from listening to music. Pleasure, however, is not the only emotion to be induced and the mechanisms behind its elicitation are far from understood. There are also mechanisms related to arousal and activation that are both less differentiated and at the same time more complex than the assumed mechanisms that trigger basic emotions. It is imperative, therefore, to investigate what pleasurable and mood-modifying effects music can have on human beings in real-time listening situations. This e-book is an attempt to answer these questions. Revolving around the specificity of music experience in terms of perception, emotional reactions, and aesthetic assessment, it presents new hypotheses, theoretical claims as well as new empirical data which contribute to a better understanding of the functions of the brain as related to musical experience.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Functions of the brain ; Pleasure-Pain Principle ; Music ; Arousal ; Emotions ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Mathematical and Statistics Anxiety: Educational, Social, Developmental and Cognitive Perspectives (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Mathematical anxiety is a feeling of tension, apprehension or fear which arises when a person is faced with mathematical content. The negative consequences of mathematical anxiety are well-documented. Students with high levels of mathematical anxiety might underperform in important test situations, they tend to hold negative attitudes towards mathematics, and they are likely to opt out of elective mathematics courses, which also affects their career opportunities. Although at the university level many students do not continue to study mathematics, social science students are confronted with the fact that their disciplines involve learning about statistics - another potential source of anxiety for students who are uncomfortable with dealing with numerical content. Research on mathematical anxiety is a truly interdisciplinary field with contributions from educational, developmental, cognitive, social and neuroscience researchers. The current collection of papers demonstrates the diversity of the field, offering both new empirical contributions and reviews of existing studies. The contributors also outline future directions for this line of research.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Measurement ; Statistics anxiety ; Anxiety specificity ; developmental change ; emotional factors ; Mathematical anxiety ; mathematics performance ; gender differences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Multitasking: Executive Functioning in Dual-Task and Task Switching Situations (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Multitasking refers to performance of multiple tasks. The most prominent types of multitasking are situations including either temporal overlap of the execution of multiple tasks (i.e., dual tasking) or executing multiple tasks in varying sequences (i.e., task switching). In the literature, numerous attempts have aimed at theorizing about the specific characteristics of executive functions that control interference between simultaneously and/or sequentially active component of task-sets in these situations. However, these approaches have been rather vague regarding explanatory concepts (e.g., task-set inhibition, preparation, shielding, capacity limitation), widely lacking theories on detailed mechanisms and/ or empirical evidence for specific subcomponents. The present research topic aims at providing a selection of contributions on the details of executive functioning in dual-task and task switching situations. The contributions specify these executive functions by focusing on (1) fractionating assumed mechanisms into constituent subcomponents, (2) their variations by age or in clinical subpopulations, and/ or (3) their plasticity as a response to practice and training.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; cognitive plasticity ; multitasking ; task switching ; dual tasking ; cognitive flexibility ; PRP ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    What can neuroscience learn from contemplative practices? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: A recent wave of brain research has advanced our understanding of the neural mechanisms of conscious states, contents and functions. A host of questions remain to be explored, as shown by lively debates between models of higher vs. lower-order aspects of consciousness, as well as global vs. local models. (Baars 2007; Block, 2009; Dennett and Cohen, 2011; Lau and Rosenthal, 2011). Over some twenty-five centuries the contemplative traditions have also developed explicit descriptions and taxonomies of the mind, to interpret experiences that are often reported in contemplative practices (Radhakrishnan & Moore, 1967; Rinbochay & Naper, 1981). These traditional descriptions sometimes converge on current scientific debates, such as the question of conceptual vs. non-conceptual consciousness; reflexivity or “self-knowing” associated with consciousness; the sense of self and consciousness; and aspects of consciousness that are said to continue during sleep. These real or claimed aspects of consciousness have not been fully integrated into scientific models so far. This Research Topic in Consciousness Research aims to provide a forum for theoretical proposals, new empirical findings, integrative literature reviews, and methodological improvements inspired by meditation-based models. We include a broad array of topics, including but not limited to: replicable findings from a variety of systematic mental practices; changes in brain functioning and organization that can be attributed to such practices; their effects on adaptation and neural plasticity; measurable effects on perception, cognition, affect and self-referential processes. We include contributions that address the question of causal attribution. Many published studies are correlational in nature, because of the inherent difficulty of conducting longitudinal experiments based on a major lifestyle decision, such as the decision to commit to a mental practice over a period of years. We also feature clinical and case studies, integrative syntheses and significant opinion articles.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; contemplative practice ; structural plasticity ; functional plasticity ; Meditation ; mindfulness ; neural correlates of consciousness ; Cultural issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
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    Chapter Introduction (2022)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This chapter discusses the need for understanding what works for whom in which circumstances from a research and a policy perspective. It reviews state-of-the-art of evidence base on what works for whom in which circumstances, that is which tools and methods may work in which contexts. Organizational interventions often employ a participatory approach, where employees and managers through ongoing negotiations and discussions decide on the process and the content of the intervention. The demands for understanding how to design, implement and evaluate organizational interventions have arisen both from research and from policy. K. Nabe-Nielsen and R. Randall argued that interventions should be tailored to the organizational context and to the individuals within the organizations. The national policies all recommend that senior managers are involved in promoting the project, and in the management standards emphasize the role line managers have in the daily running of organizational interventions. The chapter also presents an overview of the key concepts discussed in this book.
    Keywords: workplace management, workplace interventions, mental health, management, line managers, stakeholders, organizational psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMJ Occupational & industrial psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMJ Occupational and industrial psychology
    Language: English
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    Emotional Intelligence and Cognitive Abilities (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Nowadays, not only psychologists are interested in the study of Emotional Intelligence (EI). Teachers, educator, managers, employers, and people, in general, pay attention to EI. For example, teachers would like to know how EI could affect student’s academic results, and managers are concerned about how EI influences their employees’ performance. The concept of EI has been widely used in recent years to the extent that people start to applying it in daily life. EI is broadly defined as the capacity to process and use emotional information. More specifically, according to Mayer and Salovey, EI is the ability to: “1) accurate perception, appraise, and expression of emotion; 2) access and/or generation of feelings when they facilitate thought; 3) understand emotions and emotional knowledge; and 4) regulate emotions to promote emotional and intellectual growth” (Mayer and Salovey 1997, p. 10). When new information arises into one specific area of knowledge, the work of the scientists is to investigate the relation between this new information and other established concepts. In this sense, EI could be considered as a new framework to explain human behaviour. As a young concept in Psychology, EI could be used to elucidate the performance in the activities of everyday life. Over the past two decades, studies of EI have tried to delimitate how EI is linked to other competences. A vast number of studies have reported a relation between EI and a large list of competences such as academic and work success, life satisfaction, attendee to emotions, assertiveness, emotional expression, emotional-based decision making, impulsive control, stress management, among others. Moreover, recent researches have shown that EI plays an important role in the prediction of behaviour besides personality and cognitive factors. However, it is not until quite recently, that studies on EI have considered the importance of individual differences in EI and their interaction with cognitive abilities. The general issue of this Research Topic was to expose the role of individual differences on EI in the development of a large number of competencies that support a more efficient performance in people’s everyday life. The present Research Topic provide an extensive review that may give light to the better understanding of how individual differences in EI affect human behaviour. We have considered studies that analyse: 1) how EI contributes to emotional, cognitive and social process beyond the well-known contribution of IQ and personality traits, as well as the brain system that supports the EI; 2) how EI contributes to relationships among emotions and health and well-being, 3) the roles of EI during early development and the evaluation in different populations, 4) how implicit beliefs about emotions and EI influence emotional abilities.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; emotion ; Well-being ; Intelligence ; Health ; Personality ; cognitive abilities ; creativity ; Emotional Intelligence ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    How nature shaped echolocation in animals (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-31
    Description: Echolocation has evolved in different groups of animals, from bats and cetaceans to birds and humans, and enables localization and tracking of objects in a dynamic environment, where light levels may be very low or absent. Nature has shaped echolocation, an active sense that engages audiomotor feedback systems, which operates in diverse environments and situations. Echolocation production and perception vary across species, and signals are often adapted to the environment and task. In the last several decades, researchers have been studying the echolocation behavior of animals, both in the air and underwater, using different methodologies and perspectives. The result of these studies has led to rich knowledge on sound production mechanisms, directionality of the sound beam, signal design, echo reception and perception. Active control over echolocation signal production and the mechanisms for echo processing ultimately provide animals with an echoic scene or image of their surroundings. Sonar signal features directly influence the information available for the echolocating animal to perceive images of its environment. In many echolocating animals, the information processed through echoes elicits a reaction in motor systems, including adjustments in subsequent echolocation signals. We are interested in understanding how echolocating animals deal with different environments (e.g. clutter, light levels), tasks, distance to targets or objects, different prey types or other food sources, presence of conspecifics or certain predators, ambient and anthropogenic noise. In recent years, some researchers have presented new data on the origins of echolocation, which can provide a hint of its evolution. Theoreticians have addressed several issues that bear on echolocation systems, such as frequency or time resolution, target localization and beam-forming mechanisms. In this Research Topic we compiled recent work that elucidates how echolocation – from sound production, through echolocation signals to perception- has been shaped by nature functioning in different environments and situations. We strongly encouraged comparative approaches that would deepen our understanding of the processes comprising this active sense.
    Keywords: QP1-981 ; Q1-390 ; bats ; Biosonar ; Humans ; marine mammals ; sensory biology ; Birds ; Behavior ; Communication ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFG Physiology
    Language: English
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    Processing Across Languages (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The Research Topic aims to highlight research on the processing of words, sentences and discourses across languages. Articles representing processing in a wide variety of human languages will be featured. Efforts will be made to have articles, representing as many language families as possible. The methodology used to investigate language processing is open. Manuscripts may report studies involving monolinguals or individuals knowing more than one language. Research addressing the extent to which all human languages are processed similarly are welcomed as are studies investigating the extent to which the different types of linguistic knowledge are stored differently in memory.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; language processing ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Akademische Resilienz (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Das vorliegende Buch erforscht das Thema Resilienz und Vulnerabilität im Bereich von Bildung und Bildungssystem. Es handelt sich um eine interdisziplinäre Studie, die sich im Schnittbereich von Entwicklungspsychologie, positiver Psychologie, pädagogischer Psychologie und Bildungssoziologie befindet. Eine ausgedehnte theoretische Erörterung und eine minutiös aufbereitete quantitativ-empirische Untersuchung ermöglichen es, bildungssoziologische Sachverhalte und Ergebnisse der Selbstkonzeptforschung zusammenzuführen und sie in einen pädagogisch-psychologischen Erkenntnisraum zu rücken. Das bedeutet, die Studie ist auf mehreren Theorieebenen angesiedelt und untersucht personale Ressourcen (das schulische Selbstkonzept, die schulischen Selbstwirksamkeitserwartungen, günstige Misserfolgsattributionen) und soziale Ressourcen (die Lehrkräfte als Bezugspersonen). Gerade letztere vermögen eine Resilienzentwicklung zu unterstützen: Lehrkräfte können durch eine konstruktive Feedback-Kultur positiv auf das schulische Selbstkonzept Einfluss nehmen, was insbesondere vulnerablen Jugendlichen hilft, ein vorhandenes Potenzial auszuschöpfen. Insgesamt sprechen die Resultate dafür, mehr Ressourcen für alle Kinder und Jugendlichen in verschiedenen Formen bereitzustellen. Denn Kinder und Jugendliche navigieren selbständig auf die Ressourcen, die sie brauchen, zu - dadurch kann Resilienz entstehen.
    Keywords: Social Science ; Education ; Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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    Home Treatment for Acute Mental Disorders (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: In the U.S., when a patient is in need of rigorous psychiatric care, the first step is hospitalization. However, elsewhere in the world, psychiatric home treatment is proposed as an alternative. Model programs in Canada and the United Kingdom are publicly administered by community health agencies or teaching hospitals. Home Treatment for Acute Mental Disorders provides a review of the literature on home care and describes working programs around the world. This timely volume reviews treatment plans for different disorders with case illustrations, explains the administration of a PHC program and offers guidelines to case workers. It will be of interest to psychiatrists and policy makers working on the issue of patient hospitalization.
    Keywords: mobile ; crisis ; visit ; hospital ; admission ; case ; manager ; service ; primary ; care ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMH Psychiatry ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MK Medical specialties, branches of medicine::MKL Psychiatry
    Language: English
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    Language by mouth and by hand (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: While most natural languages rely on speech, humans can spontaneously generate comparable linguistic systems that utilize manual gestures. This collection of papers examines the interaction between natural language and its phonetic vessels - human speech or manual gestures. We seek to identify what linguistic aspects are invariant across signed and spoken languages, and determine how the choice of the phonetic vessel shapes language structure, its processing and its neural implementation. We welcome rigorous empirical studies from a wide variety of perspectives, ranging from behavioral studies to brain analyses, diverse ages (from infants to adults), and multiple languages - both conventional and emerging home signs and sign languages.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; sign language ; language evolution ; modality ; emerging sign langauges ; lexical access ; rules ; universal grammar ; home signs ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Methodological Quality of Interventions in Psychology (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Evaluations of intervention programs seek to present high-quality design, measures and data to assess their merit and worth. While evaluations differ in their purpose, theoretical framework and methodology, their collective aim is to obtain relevant and meaningful information to inform practice, research, and policy. As such, evaluation findings serve to build a body of knowledge on effective approaches to promote designated psychological outcomes, critical to an individual's overall health and well-being. However, as examined in this e-book, methodological weaknesses directly limit the potential of evaluations of intervention programs. As discussed by Chacón-Moscoso and Sanduvete-Chaves, methodological weaknesses can be attributed to how to define and measure methodological quality and the contextual dependency of instruments designed to measure this quality. In response, this e-book provides a collection of studies on methodological approaches to promote the quality of psychological interventions. Specifically, 10 original works published in the Research Topic Methodological Quality of Interventions in Psychology are included. The papers are organized into two chapters. Concretely, Chapter 1 includes studies pertaining to methodological approaches to enhance the quality of psychological intervention, being context independent solutions. Furthermore, Chapter 2 presents original work in different areas (health, education, sport and social welfare) where methodological quality has been better assessed. Collectively, the papers in this e-book serve to expand the awareness of practitioners and researchers interested in psychological interventions of the critical role of methodological quality in this work. This research was funded by the projects 1150096 (Chilean National Fund of Scientific and Technological Development, FONDECYT); and PSI2015-71947-REDT (Spain’s Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness).
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Measurement ; Design ; Interventions ; Psychology ; Analysis ; Methodological quality ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Anxiety Disorders (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: In this book, we focus on children with anxiety disorders and the children whose parents were diagnosed with anxiety disorders in their lifetime. The aim is to investigate the different types of anxiety disorders with different underlying mechanisms. The developmental perspective will support a better understanding of the development of anxiety disorders and transition from childhood to adulthood. We believe this book will appeal to a wide audience of practicing psychiatrists, psychologists, psychiatric nurses, social workers and mental health professionals. It is our hope that many will find this book useful for training mental health professionals to give them the newest developmental point of view about prototype anxiety disorders. We dedicate this book to our lovely families, patients, and their families.
    Keywords: cognitive behavior therapy, epilepsy, genomics, society, mindfulness, mental disorders ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    The Variable Mind? How Apparently Inconsistent Effects Might Inform Model Building (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-20
    Description: Model building is typically based on the identification of a set of established facts in any given field of research, insofar as the model is then evaluated on how well it accounts for these facts. Psychology – and specifically visual word identification and reading – is no exception in this sense (e.g., Amenta & Crepaldi, 2012; Coltheart et al., 2001; Grainger & Jacobs, 1996). What counts as an established fact, however, was never discussed in great detail. It was typically considered, for example, that experimental effects need to replicate across, e.g., individuals, experimental settings, and languages if they are to be believed. The emphasis was on consistency, perhaps under a tacit assumption that the universal principles lying behind our cognitive structures determine our behaviour for the most part (or at least for that part that is relevant for model building). There are signs that a different approach is growing up in reading research. On a theoretical ground, Dennis Norris’ Bayesian reader (2006, 2009) has advanced the idea that models can dispense of static forms of representation (i.e., fixed architectures), and process information in a way that is dynamically constrained by context-specific requirements. Ram Frost (2012) has focused on language-specific constraints in the development of general theories of reading. On an empirical ground, the most notable recent advance in visual word identification concern the demonstration that some previously established (in the classic sense) effects depend heavily on language (Velan and Frost, 2011), task (e.g., Duñabeitia et al., 2011; Marelli et al., 2013; Kinoshita and Norris, 2009), or even individual differences (Andrews & Lo, 2012, 2013). Variability has become an intrinsic and informative aspect of cognitive processing, rather than a sign of experimental weakness. This Research Topic aims at moving forward in this new direction by providing an outlet for experimental and theoretical papers that: (i) explore more in depth the theoretical basis for considering variability as an intrinsic property of the human cognitive system; (ii) highlight new context-dependent experimental effects, in a way that is informative on the dynamics of the underlying cognitive processing; (iii) shed new light on known context-dependent experimental effects, again in a way that enhances their theoretical informativeness.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; context effects ; cross-language variability ; Experimental variability ; Task Effects ; bilingualism ; individual differences ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Autism Spectrum Disorder (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a complex condition that has extreme heterogeneity, which makes it extremely challenging from a diagnostic and etiological point of view. To add to the complexity, ASD typically has co-morbidity and overlap with other conditions outlined in this book, including epilepsy, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and others. This book also examines monocyte cytokine profiles and catecholamines in ASD, genetic studies of autism, treatments, and controversial issues.
    Keywords: genetics, epilepsy, intellectual disability, sex differences, autism spectrum disorder (asd), clinical guidelines ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Schizophrenia (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Patients with schizophrenia need a personalized medicine approach where the pharmacological and neurological mechanism is understood from the perspective of the patient’s own experience and symptoms. Even though genetics play a role in the etiology, there are other important contributing risk factors. Schizophrenia is not a single-disease entity but has overlapping neurobiological and clinical profiles with other disorders such as autism and stress-related disorder. This expanded conceptualization benefits not only scholars but also diagnosing clinicians, as the diagnosis of schizophrenia is not always straightforward. The authors of this book discuss neurochemistry, animal models and antipsychotic models of schizophrenia to arrive at a personalized medicine approach for patients with schizophrenia. New treatment prospects from pharmacogenetic and neurotechnology research bring hope to clinicians and patients alike that, with continuing scientific studies, precisely targeted care is becoming available, with the potential of further alleviating the symptoms. Music therapy and patient-centered nursing practice are important aspects of clinical care as new directions are explored. This book will benefit researchers, clinicians, patients and family members needing a compact state-of-the-art reference resource. Knowledge is not only empowering but consoling, as our collective efforts to advance our understanding will translate into better treatment outcomes and the promise of a freer life for the patient.
    Keywords: Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    The Truth About Freud's Technique (2023)
    NYU Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: In this unusual and much-needed reappraisal of Freud's clinical technique, M. Guy Thompson challenges the conventional notion that psychoanalysis promotes relief from suffering and replaces it with a more radical assertion, that psychoanalysis seeks to mend our relationship with the real that has been fractured by our avoidance of the same. Thompson suggests that, while avoiding reality may help to relieve our experience of suffering, this short-term solution inevitably leads to a split in our existence. M. Guy Thompson forcefully disagrees with the recent trend that dismisses Freud as an historical figure who is out of step with the times. He argues, instead, for a return to the forgotten Freud, a man inherently philosophical and rooted in a Greek preoccupation with the nature of truth, ethics, the purpose of life and our relationship with reality. Thompson's argument is situated in a stunning re-reading of Freud's technical papers, including a new evaluation of his analyses of Dora and the Rat Man in the context of Heidegger's understanding of truth. In this remarkable examination of Freud's technical recommendations, M. Guy Thompson explains how psychoanalysis was originally designed to re-acquaint us with realities we had abandoned by encountering them in the contest of the analytic experience. This provocative examination of Freud's conception of psychoanalysis reveals a more personal Freud than we had previously supposed, one that is more humanistic and real.
    Keywords: Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory & schools of thought::JMAF Psychoanalytical theory (Freudian psychology)
    Language: English
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    A lógica da internação: instituições totais e disciplinares (des)educativas (2021)
    SciELO Books - Editora UNESP
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Este estudo discute, questiona e aponta as contradições das chamadas instituições totais, ambientes em que as manifestações psicossociais específicas dos internos, segundo o autor, costumam ser desconhecidas ou ignoradas por profissionais do Judiciário, Serviço Social, Medicina, Psicologia e Pedagogia. Para ele, é ingênuo supor que se pode confinar, tanto jovens quanto adultos, por meio de decisões judiciais, e criar nos estabelecimentos, ao mesmo tempo, rotinas integradoras e ambientes saudáveis, potencialmente pedagógicos. A Psicologia, a Pedagogia e a Assistência Social são reconhecidas aqui como saberes científicos incontestes que, no entanto, estariam sendo utilizadas como estratégias de controle disciplinar nos estabelecimentos educativos, socioeducativos e ressocializadores, em especial entre os que limitam a liberdade individual. À medida que os profissionais têm como atribuição, em tais contextos, oferecer acompanhamento personalizado e sistemático, levando-os reclusos a refletirem sobre as infrações cometidas e suas consequências, acabam por desempenhar, afirma o autor, citando Foucault, “o papel de técnicos do comportamento, engenheiros da conduta, ortopedistas da individualidade”. Tal papel, pontua, é desempenhado em meio a impasses, entre discursos altruístas e a realidade das instituições produto das sociedades disciplinares. Assim, questões pedagógicas, psicológicas, psiquiátricas, hospitalares se tornariam mais inteligíveis se fossem enquadradas em um marco institucional global: “Entendemos que os problemas institucionais são também problemas sociais. Soluções técnicas muitas vezes não são suficientes para resolvê-los. Eles exigem soluções políticas para sua metabolização”.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; PSYCHOLOGY ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: Portuguese
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    Color Vision Sensation and Perception (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Color vision is considered a microcosm of the visual science. Special physiological and psychological processes make this scientific topic an intriguing and complex research field that can aggregates around molecular biologists, neurophysiologists, physicists, psychophysicists and cognitive neuroscientists. Our purpose is to present the frontier knowledge of this area of visual science, showing, in the end, the future prospects of application and basic studies of color perception.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; luminance ; Clinical Psychophysics ; color naming ; Congenital Color Blindness ; perceptual organization ; Color discrimination ; Mesopic Vision ; scotopic vision ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Understanding Social Signals: How Do We Recognize the Intentions of Others? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Powerful and economic sensors such as high definition cameras and corresponding recognition software have become readily available, e.g. for face and motion recognition. However, designing user interfaces for robots, phones and computers that facilitate a seamless, intuitive, and apparently effortless communication as between humans is still highly challenging. This has shifted the focus from developing ever faster and higher resolution sensors to interpreting available sensor data for understanding social signals and recognising users' intentions. Psychologists, Ethnologists, Linguists and Sociologists have investigated social behaviour in human-human interaction. But their findings are rarely applied in the human-robot interaction domain. Instead, robot designers tend to rely on either proof-of-concept or machine learning based methods. In proving the concept, developers effectively demonstrate that users are able to adapt to robots deployed in the public space. Typically, an initial period of collecting human-robot interaction data is used for identifying frequently occurring problems. These are then addressed by adjusting the interaction policies on the basis of the collected data. However, the updated policies are strongly biased by the initial design of the robot and might not reflect natural, spontaneous user behaviour. In the machine learning approach, learning algorithms are used for finding a mapping between the sensor data space and a hypothesised or estimated set of intentions. However, this brute-force approach ignores the possibility that some signals or modalities are superfluous or even disruptive in intention recognition. Furthermore, this method is very sensitive to peculiarities of the training data. In sum, both methods cannot reliably support natural interaction as they crucially depend on an accurate model of human intention recognition. Therefore, approaches to social robotics from engineers and computer scientists urgently have to be informed by studies of intention recognition in natural human-human communication. Combining the investigation of natural human behaviour and the design of computer and robot interfaces can significantly improve the usability of modern technology. For example, robots will be easier to use by a broad public if they can interpret the social signals that users spontaneously produce for conveying their intentions anyway. By correctly identifying and even anticipating the user's intention, the user will perceive that the system truly understands her/his needs. Vice versa, if a robot produces socially appropriate signals, it will be easier for its users to understand the robot's intentions. Furthermore, studying natural behaviour as a basis for controlling robots and other devices results in greater robustness, responsiveness and approachability. Thus, we welcome submissions that (a) investigate how relevant social signals can be identified in human behaviour, (b) investigate the meaning of social signals in a specific context or task, (c) identify the minimal set of intentions for describing a context or task, (d) demonstrate how insights from the analysis of social behaviour can improve a robot's capabilities, or (e) demonstrate how a robot can make itself more understandable to the user by producing more human-like social signals.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Social signals ; human-robot interaction ; social communication ; Interaction design ; Intention recognition ; human-human interaction ; experimental methods ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Chapter 1 Allvarliga idrottsskador hos svenska manliga akademifotbollsspelare (2021)
    Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP (Nordic Open Access Scholarly Publishing) | Trender for idrettspsykologisk forskning i Skandinavia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: Sporting and sport psychological accomplishments are an important part of Scandinavian culture. Psychological factors have been demonstrated to have a major impact on both participation and achievements in sport. Sport psychology is about precisely these factors. The diversity of sport psychology research in Scandinavia is presented for the first time in this scholarly volume. Contributors from key sport psychology research teams in Sweden, Denmark and Norway present resarch covering a wide range of issues in the book’s twelve chapters. By publishing the contributions collectively as an Open Access anthology, the authors wish to reach researchers in the field of sport psychology, sport psychology advisers and professionals throughout Scandinavia. The volume will also be relevant to anyone with any interest in sport. The editors of the book are Tommy Haugen and Rune Høigaard, who are both affiliated with the Department of Public Health, Sport and Nutrition in the Faculty of Health and Sport Sciences at the University of Agder.
    Description: Idrett og idrettspsykologiske prestasjoner er en viktig del av den skandinaviske kulturen. Psykologiske faktorer har vist seg å ha stor betydning for både deltagelse og prestasjoner i idrett. Idrettspsykologi handler om nettopp disse faktorene. I denne vitenskapelige antologien presenteres for første gang mangfoldet i den idrettspsykologiske forskningen i Skandinavia. Gjennom tolv kapitler illustrerer bidragsytere fra sentrale idrettspsykologiske forskningsmiljøer i Sverige, Danmark og Norge forskning på et vidt spekter av problemstillinger. Ved å publisere bidragene samlet som en Open Access-antologi ønsker forfatterne å nå forskere innenfor idrettspsykologi-feltet, idrettspsykologiske rådgivere og fagpersoner i alle de skandinaviske landene. Antologien vil også være interessant for alle som er interessert i idrett. Redaktører for boka er Tommy Haugen og Rune Høigaard, begge fra Institutt for folkehelse, idrett og ernæring, Fakultet for helse- og idrettsvitenskap ved Universitetet i Agder.
    Keywords: injury ; sport ; communication ; stress symptoms ; academy player ; soccer ; psychology ; skada ; kommunikation ; stressymptom ; akademifotbollsspelare ; fotboll ; psykologi. ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: Swedish
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    Internet and Mobile Phone Addiction. Health and Educational Effects (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Internet use-related addiction problems (e.g., Internet addiction, problem mobile phone use, problem gaming, and social networking) have been defined according to the same core element: the addictive symptomatology presented by individuals who excessively and problematically behave using the technology. Online activity is the most important factor in their lives, causing them the loss of control by stress and difficulties in managing at least one aspect of their daily life, affecting users’ wellbeing and health. In 2018, Gaming Disorder was included as a mental disease in the 11th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases by the World Health Organization. In 2013, the American Psychiatric Association requested additional research on Internet Gaming Disorder. The papers contained in this e-Book provide unique and original perspectives on the concept, development, and early detection of the prevention of these health problems. They are diverse in the nature of the problems they deal with, methodologies, populations, cultures, and contain insights and a clear indication of the impact of individual, social, and environmental factors on Internet use-related addiction problems. The e-Book illustrates recent progress in the evolution of research, with great emphasis on gaming and smartphone problems, signaling areas in which research would be useful, even cross-culturally.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; phubbing ; CERM ; smartphone ; technological addictions ; CERI ; mobile phone use ; gambling ; teenagers ; behavioural addictions ; video-game addiction ; review ; suppression ; gaming disorder ; generalised versus specific problem Internet uses ; young children ; Internet Use Disorder ; measurement invariance ; immersion ; latent profile analysis ; adolescents ; emotional regulation ; deep approach to learning ; Behavioral Inhibition System/Behavioral Activation System (BIS/BAS) ; comorbid psychopathology ; adolescence ; smartphone use ; gender ; self-control ; internet gaming disorder ; personality traits ; expectancies ; prevalence ; screen addiction ; surface approach to learning ; Internet-use disorder ; expectations ; early childhood education ; stress ; smartphone addiction ; convergent design ; mobile phone addiction ; Symptom Checklist-90-Revised (SCL-90-R) ; mobile phone (or smartphone) use ; comorbidity ; Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Mental Disorders (DSM-5) ; focus group ; emergent bilinguals ; psychometric testing ; approaches to learning ; problematic Internet use ; social networking ; commuting ; mixed methods research ; interpersonal relationships ; Internet gaming disorder ; self-efficacy ; Brief Self-Control Scale (BSCS) ; Internet literacy ; parenting ; Dickman Impulsivity Inventory-Short Version (DII) ; well-being ; problematic smartphone use ; coping strategies ; addiction ; anxiety ; cognitive distortion ; fear of missing out (FOMO) ; impulsivity ; survey ; propensity score ; game device usage pattern ; hostility ; young people ; cognitive reappraisal ; Internet addiction ; university students ; epidemiology ; problematic social media use (PSMU) ; personality ; behavioral addictions ; China ; cultural differences ; problematic mobile phone use ; mobile phone dependence ; interpersonal relations ; social media ; online social network ; Problematic Mobile Phone Use Questionnaire ; Internet Gaming Disorder ; IGD ; intergenerational language transmission ; internet addiction ; Problematic Mobile Phone Use ; pathological video-game use ; serial mediation ; depression ; time ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Bibliografia di storia della psichiatria italiana 1991-2010 (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: This bibliography renders account of the over two thousand books on the history of Italian psychiatry that have appeared over the last twenty years. The aim is thus to support the demand for a new historiographic approach to psychiatry which has come regularly to the fore since the 1990s. It is also intended to respond to the need for comparison with the consistently topical reflections handed down to us from the past on issues such as madness, mental health, psychiatry and society. Bibliographic database: www.fupress.net/storiapsichiatria
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory & schools of thought ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMB Psychological methodology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMC Child & developmental psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMH Social, group or collective psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMJ Occupational & industrial psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMM Physiological & neuro-psychology, biopsychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNC Educational psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMJ Clinical psychology
    Language: Italian
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    Substance Use Disorder (2023)
    IntechOpen | IntechOpen
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-05
    Description: Adolescent substance abuse is a problem worldwide. This book provides a comprehensive overview of this issue with a special focus on alcohol abuse. Chapters discuss the biological, social, and environmental risk factors of substance abuse in adolescents, behavioral and pharmacological interventions to prevent or reduce the negative effects of substance abuse, psychological disorders associated with drug abuse, and much more.
    Keywords: epidemiology ; screening ; chronic pain ; health promotion ; risk factor ; tobacco ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Evaluation of California's Statewide Mental Health Prevention and Early Intervention Programs (2023)
    RAND Corporation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This report summarizes key findings from the second year of an evaluation of the California Mental Health Services Authority’s statewide prevention and early intervention programs.
    Keywords: History ; Psychology ; Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools::JNLB Primary & middle schools ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher & further education, tertiary education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools::JNLC Secondary schools ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HB History::HBJ Regional & national history::HBJK History of the Americas ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLB Primary and middle schools ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNM Higher education, tertiary education ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education::JNL Schools and pre-schools::JNLC Secondary schools ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History::NHK History of the Americas ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Die Macht des Seelischen. Eine organische Psychologie als Lebensorientierung des Einzelnen und der Gesamtheit (2021)
    De Gruyter
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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    The Impact of Sensory; Linguistic and Social Deprivation on Cognition (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Early experience plays a crucial role in determining the trajectory of cognitive development. For example, early sensory deprivation is known to induce neural reorganization by way of adaptation to the altered sensory experience. Neville and Bavelier’s “compensatory theory’’ hypothesizes that loss of one sense may bring about a sensory enhancement in the remaining modalities. Sensory deprivation will, however, also impact the age of emergence, or the speed of acquisition of cognitive abilities that depend upon sensory inputs. Understanding how a child’s early environment shapes their cognition is not only of theoretical interest. It is essential for the development of early intervention programs that address not just the early deprivation itself, but also the cognitive sequelae of such deprivation. The articles in this e-book all address different aspects of deprivation - sensory, linguistic, and social - and explore the impacts of such deprivation on a wide range of cognitive outcomes. In reading these contributions, it is important to note that sensory, linguistic, and social deprivation are not independent factors in human experience. For example, a child born deaf into a hearing family is likely to experience delays in exposure to natural language, with subsequent limits on their linguistic competence having an effect on social interactions and inclusion: a child raised in environments where social interaction is highly limited is also likely to experience reductions in the quantity and quality of linguistic inputs. Future work will need to carefully examine the complex interactions between the sensory, linguistic and social environments of children raised in atypical or impoverished environments.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; institutionalization ; visual perception ; blindness ; spatial localization ; language deprivation ; cognitive development ; plasticity ; auditory perception ; deafness ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Intuition und Erkenntnis (2021)
    mentis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Was ist Intuition? Gibt es intuitive Erkenntnis? Intuition beschäftigt Philosophie, Psychologie und Alltagsdenken. Einschätzungen reichen dabei von „höchste Erkenntnisart“ bis „höchst unzuverlässig“. Cyrill Mamin zeichnet zentrale Bestimmungen der Intuition in Philosophie und Psychologie nach. Wesentliche Fragen sind dabei: Wie ist es, eine Intuition zu haben? Wie kommt eine Intuition zustande? Auf dieser Grundlage bestimmt Mamin Intuition als maßgeblich nicht-propositionale Erkenntnisart, welche unsere intuitiven Überzeugungen rechtfertigen kann. Im Zentrum steht ein neuartiges Modell der intuitiven Rechtfertigung, das psychologische mit erkenntnistheoretischen Elementen verbindet. Dadurch lässt sich Intuition im Verhältnis zu anderen mentalen Akten (u.a. Wahrnehmung, Imagination, Delusion) näher bestimmen sowie ein kritischer Blick auf die philosophische Intuitionsdebatte werfen.
    Keywords: Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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    Chocolate and Health: Friend or Foe? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: In the ancient past, cocoa has been appreciated as a high-calorie food to boost energy in soldiers and for its undefined medicinal and mystical properties. During other times, chocolate has been considered as the forbidden “food of God”: a treasure of pleasure for the mind and the soul. The overall perception of the consumer for chocolate was of a “charming” and appealing food with lots of negative aspects related to high sugar content leading to consider chocolate as “junk food” for its “obesigen” calories. Recently, in association with the renewed interest of nutrition science in alternative source of health-promoting foods and ingredients, a large body of research has been conducted to unravel the pro and cons of cocoa in relation to human health. Epidemiological evidences indicate that cocoa consumption helps preventing cardiovascular disease for its high content in bioactive flavonoids. Clinical trials show that chocolate consumption might improve vascular function, decreasing platelet aggregation and display an antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect. The putative protective action of cocoa seems to be multi-factorial and involving different aspects of vascular, antioxidant and endothelial function. However, the mechanism(s) that account for the benefits of cocoa it is still unclear. The aim of this Research Topic is therefore to provide the reader with an objective picture of the state of art on the association between cocoa and health, mainly through the evidences of human trials; overwhelmingly considered the golden standard for nutritional science. The Research Topic will cover the analysis of the manufacturing processes of the chocolate and the antioxidant effects in humans as well as the majority of the putative health effects of chocolate and cocoa, such as anti-inflammatory properties, effect on immunity, platelet aggregation, blood pressure, endothelial function and cognitive behavior. Unraveling the functional properties of cocoa will help to understand if the 'food of God' is a primordial gift for the health of mankind.
    Keywords: R5-920 ; RC581-607 ; TX341-641 ; Antioxidants ; Obesity ; Flavonoids ; Humans ; Chocolate ; Blood pressure ; Inflammation ; Cognitive function ; Cocoa ; Immunity
    Language: English
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    50 years after the perceptron, 25 years after PDP: Neural computation in language sciences (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This Research Topic aims to showcase the state of the art in language research while celebrating the 25th anniversary of the tremendously influential work of the PDP group, and the 50th anniversary of the perceptron. Although PDP models are often the gold standard to which new models are compared, the scope of this Research Topic is not constrained to connectionist models. Instead, we aimed to create a landmark forum in which experts in the field define the state of the art and future directions of the psychological processes underlying language learning and use, broadly defined. We thus called for papers involving computational modeling and original research as well as technical, philosophical, or historical discussions pertaining to models of cognition. We especially encouraged submissions aimed at contrasting different computational frameworks, and their relationship to imaging and behavioral data.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; computational linguistics ; language acquisition ; probabilistic cognition ; Recurrent networks ; connectionism ; computational modeling ; word learning ; interactive processing ; Speech Perception ; language processing ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Chapter 2 Med det danske U20 ishockeylandshold til VM (2021)
    Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP (Nordic Open Access Scholarly Publishing) | Trender for idrettspsykologisk forskning i Skandinavia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: "The present case study investigates stress and recovery of the Danish national under- 20 ice hockey players during a training camp and the following World Championship. The aims were to track their stress-recovery states longitudinally, and to map their main sources of stress and recovery. Methods included a survey, qualitative interviews and a coach diary. Results showed well-balanced stress-recovery states during the entire period, and the athletes stated that this positively affected their well-being, and performance. The athletes’ perceived sources of stress and recovery were classified into organizational, social, personal and athletic, with the organizational decisions and strategies playing a major role in reducing unnecessary stress and providing a good setting for engaging in recovery. The results lead us to suggest that coaches and managers be very mindful of the potential influence of their decisions on the athletes’ stress and recovery when preparing training camps and participation in major competitions."
    Description: "I dette studie undersøgte vi de danske U-20 ishockeyspilleres stress og genopladning under en længerevarende træningslejr og det efterfølgende verdensmesterskab. Formålet var at følge udviklingen i spillernes stress-og genopladningsbalance samt at kortlægge deres oplevede kilder til stress og genopladning. Vi foretog dataindsamling via et spørgeskema, kvalitative interviews og en trænerdagbog. Resultaterne viste, at spillerne var i positiv stressgenopladningsbalance, hvilket i deres oplevelse havde en positiv indvirkning på deres trivsel og præstationer. Vi kunne inddele spillernes oplevede kilder til stress og genopladning i organisatoriske, sociale, personlige og sportslige, hvor beslutninger og strategier på organisatorisk niveau viste sig at spille en afgørende rolle i at reducere unødig stress og skabe gode rammer for genopladning. Med baggrund i resultaterne anbefaler vi, at trænere og sportschefer nøje overvejer, hvordan deres beslutninger og planlægning af træningslejre og konkurrencer potentielt har stor indflydelse på deres atleters stress og genopladning."
    Keywords: RESTQ-sport ; applied sport psychology ; organizational psychology in sport ; anvendt sportspsykologi ; organisationspsykologi i sport ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: Danish
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    Chapter 11 Prinsipper ved test–retest-reliabilitet (2021)
    Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP (Nordic Open Access Scholarly Publishing) | Trender for idrettspsykologisk forskning i Skandinavia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: "The study aim was twofold: 1) Review basic principles of test-retest reliability, and 2) investigate the reliability of a test procedure of a one-minute time trial on an ergometer bicycle in relatively well-trained young adults. The subjects (N = 12) completed three “all-out” intervals on the bicycle ergometers where average watt produced was recorded. The results of the experiments showed no significant mean differences across tests, high ICC (.996), low CV, TE, and SEM. The findings suggested that the ergometer test had the ability to produce accurate and stable measurements. It also indicated that measurement biases that affected the results did not seem to occur."
    Description: "Formålet med studien var todelt: 1) Gjennomgå sentrale prinsipper for test– retest-reliabilitet, og 2) reliabilitetsteste en protokoll for maksimal innsats på sykkelrulle med ett minutts varighet hos relativt godt trente unge voksne. Forsøkspersonene (N = 12) gjennomførte tre forsøk på sykkelrulle hvor gjennomsnittwatt ble registrert. Resultatene viste ingen signifikant forskjell mellom forsøkene, høy ICC (.996), lav CV og lav TE og SEM. Resultatene indikerte at sykkeltesten har evne til å produsere nøyaktige og stabile målinger. De indikerte også at det ikke ser ut til å forkomme større systematiske feilmålinger som påvirker resultatene i betydelig grad."
    Keywords: reliability test ; bicycle ergometer ; effort ; performance ; reliabilitetstest ; sykkelergometer ; innsats ; prestasjon ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: Norwegian
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    Beyond the body? The Future of Embodied Cognition (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Embodied cognition represents one of most important research programs in contemporary cognitive science. Although there is a diversity of opinion concerning the nature of embodiment, the core idea is that cognitive processes are influenced by body morphology, emotions, and sensorimotor systems. This idea is supported by an ever increasing collection of empirical studies that fall into two broad classes: one consisting of experiments that implicate action, emotion, and perception systems in seemingly abstract cognitive tasks and the other consisting of experiments that demonstrate the contribution of bodily interaction with the external environment to the performance of such tasks. Now that the research program of embodied cognition is well established, the time seems right for assessing its further promise and potential limitations. This research topic aims to create an interdisciplinary forum for discussing where we go from here. Given that we have good reason to think that the body influences cognition in surprisingly robust ways, the central question is no longer whether or not any cognitive processes are embodied. Instead, other questions have come to the fore: To what extent are cognitive processes in general embodied? Are there disembodied processes? Among those that are embodied, how are they embodied? Is there more than one kind of embodiment? Is embodiment a matter of degree? There are a number of specific issues that could be addressed by submissions to this research topic. Some supporters of embodied cognition eschew representations. Should anti-representationalism be a core part of an embodied approach? What role should dynamical models play? Research in embodied cognition has tended to focus on the importance of sensorimotor areas for cognition. What are the functions of multimodal or amodal brain areas? Abstract concepts have proved to be a challenge for embodied cognition. How should they be handled? Should researchers allow for some form of weak embodiment? Currently, there is a split between those who offer a simulation-based approach to embodiment and those who offer an enactive approach. Who is right? Should there be a rapprochement between these two groups? Some experimental and robotics researchers have recently shown a great deal of interest in the idea that external resources such as language can serve as form of cognitive scaffolding. What are the implications of this idea for embodied cognition? This research topic aims to bring together empirical and theoretical work from a diversity of perspectives. Submissions are sought from any of the major disciplines associated with cognitive science, including but not necessarily limited to anthropology, cognitive psychology, computational modeling, linguistics, neuroscience, philosophy, robotics, and social psychology. Researchers are encouraged to submit papers discussing experiments, methods, models, or theories that speak to the issue of the future of embodied cognition.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; development ; concepts ; Language ; Proprioception ; extended mind ; action ; Embodied Cognition ; Cognition ; semantics ; enaction ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Madness and Creativity: Yes, No or Maybe? (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: The pervasive idea that madness and creativity are intricately linked is one that holds tremendous fascination for both scientists and the general public alike. Although this view was at first largely driven by anecdotal evidence showcasing the manifestation of mental illness in individuals who exhibited extraordinary levels of creativity in various spheres of life, it initiated a strong impetus to empirically investigate the association between mental health and creativity. A variety of approaches (and combinations of approaches) have been adopted to address this association including clinical, personality, psychometric, behavioral, cognitive, historiometric and neuroscientific. Despite the ever accumulating body of evidence over the past six decades investigating this link, what is lacking is a comprehensive overview of the disparate findings from these different approaches that will enable us to address the question of whether there is an empirically founded relationship between creativity and mental illness. And if such a link does exist, what is the nature of this association? The purpose of this Research Topic was to motivate theorists and researchers to answer this question (or at least attempt to do so) given the available evidence thus far. The themes of interest that were open to exploration in view of this topic included: (a) Which mental disorders are positively associated with creativity? (b) Which mental disorders are negatively associated with creativity? (c) The dynamics of information processing biases (positive versus negative) associated with psychiatric and high-risk populations (d) Theories regarding the madness-creativity link (e) Personality-based studies on creativity (f) Creativity, mental illness and the brain (g) Genes and creativity (h) How can studies on neurological populations inform this debate? (i) What are the areas of impact with regard to real world applications and practice? (j) Historical timeline of this question (k) Evolutionary perspectives on the madness-creativity link (l) Methodological problems associated with this field (m) Philosophical issues to bear in mind when investigating this domain (n) The usefulness of the “troubled genius” concept The invitation to contribute was open to all interested academics regardless of whether they were seasoned explorers within this field of study or just beginning to get their feet wet in its murky waters. As a result of adopting this inclusive approach, the contributions showcase a wide variety of perspectives from academic departments and institutions the world over. What is most encouraging is that so many were willing to openly take on the challenge of tackling this difficult question head on. We hope future discussions that follow through as a result of this collective effort will prove to be just as fruitful.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; divergent thinking ; neuropsychiatry ; mental wellbeing ; mental illness ; psychopathology ; neuropsychology ; creative thinking ; creativity ; psychosis ; psychiatric disorders ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Developing a Research Strategy for Suicide Prevention in the Department of Defense (2023)
    RAND Corporation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: To support U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) efforts to create a unified, comprehensive strategic plan for suicide prevention research, a RAND study cataloged studies funded by DoD and other entities, examined whether current research maps to DoD’s strategic research needs, and provided recommendations to encourage better alignment and narrow the research-practice gap when it comes to disseminating findings to programs serving military personnel.
    Keywords: Psychology ; Health Sciences ; Management & Organizational Behavior ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MQ Nursing & ancillary services ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    From Meaning of Working to Meaningful Lives: The Challenges of Expanding Decent Work (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This Research Topic explores issues that are central to the continued relevance of organizational and vocational psychology, and equally central to the well-being of individuals and communities. The cohering theme of this publication revolves around the question of how people can establish meaningful lives and meaningful work experiences in light of the many challenges that are reducing access to decent work. Another essential contextual factor that is explored in this volume is the Decent Work Agenda (International Labour Organization, 2008), which represents an initiative by the International Labour Organization. In this book, we hope to enrich the Decent Work Agenda by infusing the knowledge and perspectives of psychology into contemporary discourses about work, and well-being. Another inspiration for this project emerged from the UNESCO Chair in Lifelong guidance and counseling, recently established in Poland in 2013 under the leadership of Jean Guichard, which has focused on advancing research and policy advocacy about decent work. This new era calls for an innovative perspective in constructing decent work and decent lives: the passage from the paradigm of motivation to the paradigm of meaning, where the sustainability of the decent life project is anchored to a meaningful construction. During this period when work is changing so rapidly, leaving people yearning for a sense of connection and meaning, it’s fundamental to create a framework for an explicitly psychological analysis of decent work.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; relationships ; Meaningful lives ; Challenges ; Meaning of work ; decent lives ; Decent work ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Chapter 4 Against Unconscious Volition (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This chapter examines the question of whether mental categories come in both conscious and unconscious forms, focusing on the case of volition. Drawing out the implications of the fact that volition is a personal-level phenomenon, an argument against the possibility of unconscious volition is developed. Three objections to that argument are then considered: the first appeals to minimal actions and the exercise of expertise; the second appeals to Benjamin Libet’s studies regarding the Readiness Potential; and the third appeals to relational conceptions of consciousness. All three arguments are found to be uncompelling. The chapter concludes by revisiting the question of whether mental categories can, in general, take both conscious and unconscious forms.
    Keywords: attention; higher-order theories of consciousness; inattentional blindness; masking; mental qualities; neurophenomenal structuralism; phenomenal content; unconscious mental states ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPM Philosophy of mind ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition & cognitive psychology ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTM Philosophy of mind ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMR Cognition and cognitive psychology
    Language: English
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    The state of the art in student engagement (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: There is an extensive literature conducted from a range of theoretical perspectives and methodologies on the role of groups and student learning in higher education. However here the concept of the ‘group’ is heavily contested at a theoretical level but within higher education practice, characterizing the group has tended to be clear cut. Groups of students are often formed within the parameters of specific educational programs to address explicitly defined learning objectives. These groups are often small scale and achieve tasks through cooperative or collaborative learning. Cooperative learning involves students dividing roles and responsibilities between group members, so learning becomes an independent process and outcome. On the other hand, collaborative learning involves students working together by developing shared meanings and knowledge to solve a task or problem. From this perspective, learning is conceptualized as both a social process and individual outcome. That is, collaborative learning may facilitate individual student conceptual understanding and hence lead to higher academic achievement. The empirical evidence is encouraging as has been shown that students working collaboratively tend to achieve higher grades than students working independently. However the above perspectives on student engagement assume that groups are formed within the confines of formal learning environments (e.g. lecture theaters), involve students on the same degree program, have the explicit function of achieving a learning task and disband once this has been achieved. However, students may also use existing social networks such as friendship groups as a mechanism for learning, which may occur outside of formal learning environments. There is an extensive literature on the role and benefits of friendship groups on student learning within primary and secondary education but there is a distinct lack of research within higher education. This ebook is innovative and ambitious and will highlight and consolidate, the current understanding of the role that student based engagement behaviors may serve in effective pedagogy. A unique aspect of this research topic will be the fact that scholars will also be welcome to submit articles that describe the efficacy of the full range of approaches that have been employed to facilitate student engagement across the sector.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; student engagement ; Learning Technology ; Social Behavior ; relational learning ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Care Transitions to and from the National Intrepid Center of Excellence (NICoE) for Service Members with Traumatic Brain Injury (2023)
    RAND Corporation
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-05
    Description: The U.S. Department of Defense established the National Intrepid Center of Excellence (NICoE) to provide specialized services for troops suffering from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Through interviews with NICoE staff, home station providers, service members treated at the NICoE, and their families, as well as surveys and site visits, RAND evaluated interactions between the NICoE and providers referring patients and implementing treatment plans.
    Keywords: Health Sciences ; Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MB Medicine: general issues::MBQ Medicolegal issues ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MJ Clinical & internal medicine::MJN Neurology & clinical neurophysiology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Frontiers in the Acquisition of Literacy (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Learning to read, and to spell are two of the most important cultural skills that must be acquired by children, and for that matter, anyone learning a second language. We are not born with an innate ability to read. A reading system of mental representations that enables us to read must be formed in the brain. Learning to read in alphabetic orthographies is the acquisition of such a system, which links mental representations of visual symbols (letters) in print words, with pre-existing phonological (sound) and semantic (comprehension) cognitive systems for language. Although spelling draws on the same representational knowledge base and is usually correlated with reading, the acquisition processes involved are not quite the same. Spelling requires the sequential production of letters in words, and at beginning levels there may not be a full degree of integration of phonology with its representation by the orthography. Reading, on the other hand, requires only the recognition of a word for pronunciation. Hence, spelling is more difficult than reading, and learning to spell may necessitate more complete representations, or more conscious access to them. The learning processes that children use to acquire such cognitive systems in the brain, and whether these same processes are universal across different languages and orthographies are central theoretical questions. Most children learn to read and spell their language at the same time, thus the co-ordination of these two facets of literacy acquisition needs explication, as well as the effect of different teaching approaches on acquisition. Lack of progress in either reading and/or spelling is also a major issue of concern for parents and teachers necessitating a cross-disciplinary approach to the problem, encompassing major efforts from researchers in neuroscience, cognitive science, experimental psychology, and education. The purpose of this Research Topic is to summarize and review what has been accomplished so far, and to further explore these general issues. Contributions from different perspectives are welcomed and could include theoretical, computational, and empirical works that focus on the acquisition of literacy, including cross-orthographic research.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; reading intervention and methodology ; Alphasyllabaries ; reading comprehension ; reading acquisition theory ; spelling and specific language impairment ; spelling and computers ; alphabetism ; print vocabulary ; cognitive flexibility ; predictors of reading ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    The Cognition of Sequences (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: It is impossible to perceive the innumerable stimuli impinging on our senses, all at once. Out of the myriad stimuli, external and internal, a few are selected for further processing; and even among these, we try to put each in some sort of relation with the others, to be able to make some sense about them all. Time, of course, is an elementary dimension we use to organize our experiences. Thus, the perception of sequences is basic to human cognition. Nevertheless, research addressing sequences is rather sparse. Partly, this is due to difficulty in designing experiments in this area due to huge individual differences. Then, there is the assumption that temporal order has more to do with memory than perception. Another problem is that sequences seem endemic to the auditory world. So much so that some researchers have suggested that sound provides the ‘auditory scaffolding’ for sequencing behavior. Little wonder that research studies addressing sequences in modalities other than audition are extremely rare.This research topic aimed to gather a holistic picture of sequencing behaviour among humans by collecting snapshots of the current research on the topic of sequencing. We particularly sought contributions which addressed sequences beyond the auditory modality. The single unifying criteria for these diverse contributions was that they shed new light on previously unexplored empirical relationships and/or provoked new lines of research with incisive ideas regarding sequencing behavior. Seasoned researchers contributed their views on perception, memory, and production of sequences.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Order ; Sequences ; Cognition ; Serial order ; Grouping ; Recall ; Working memory ; Auditory sequences ; Pattern recognition ; Sequencing ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Chapter 5 Miljøets betydning i elitesport (2021)
    Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP (Nordic Open Access Scholarly Publishing) | Trender for idrettspsykologisk forskning i Skandinavia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-02
    Description: "In recent years there has been an increased focus on the importance of the environment for the development of elite athletes. In order to understand the factors that contribute to or limit an athlete’s sporting development, it is not enough to study only the individual but the whole environment in which the athlete develops. The purpose of this chapter is to investigate what characterizes a successful elite sport environment in Danish badminton. An elite sports environment that continuously manages to create senior results at the highest international level and win medals at the European championships, the World championships and the Olympics. The study was organized as a case study of the national elite sports center in Badminton Denmark (BD). Data was based on interviews with players, coaches and managers, observations on training and in competitions, meetings and analysis of documents. The environment was centered on self-understanding based on “us against the rest of the world” and a fundamental value in the environment was to create intelligent players while focusing on individual development through high training quality. The organizational culture was characterized by being: 1) a well documented, quality oriented and dialogue-based learning environment, 2) an environment with hard competition and 3) an environment with proximal role models."
    Description: "De seneste år har der været stigende fokus på miljøets betydning for udvikling af eliteidrætsudøvere. Det er sket ud fra en erkendelse af, at hvis man ønsker at forstå de faktorer, der medvirker til eller begrænser en udøvers sportslige udvikling, er det ikke nok kun at studere den enkelte atlet, men hele miljøet, som udøveren udvikler sig i. Formålet med dette kapitel er at undersøge, hvad der karakteriserer et succesfuldt eliteidrætsmiljø i dansk badminton, dvs. et eliteidrætsmiljø, der kontinuerligt formår at skabe seniorresultater på højeste internationale niveau og vinde medaljer ved EM, VM og OL. Undersøgelsen var et casestudie af eliteidrætsmiljøet i Badminton Danmark (BD). Der er indsamlet data fra interviews med spillere, trænere og ledere, observationer under træning og turneringer, interne møder og analyse af dokumenter. Miljøet var centreret omkring en selvforståelse baseret på ”os mod resten af verden”, og en grundlæggende værdi i miljøet var at skabe intelligente spillere og samtidig have fokus på individuel udvikling igennem høj træningskvalitet. Organisationskulturen var konstrueret som: 1) et veldokumenteret, kvalitetsorienteret og dialogbaseret læringsmiljø, 2) et miljø med hård intern konkurrence og 3) et miljø med nære rollemodeller."
    Keywords: badminton ; sport psychology ; elite sport ; talent development ; organizational ; psychology ; sportspsykologi ; elitesport ; talentudvikling ; organisationspsykologi ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: Danish
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    Emerging Issues in Occupational Health Psychology (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: This book compiles the cutting-edge research published in the Special Issue “Emerging Issues in Occupational Health Psychology” (International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health). The articles included in this book use strong and innovative theoretical approaches to provide evidence regarding the importance of working characteristics and resources to promote healthier and more sustainable environments in which employees can be happy and productive.
    Keywords: coronary artery disease ; mental exertion ; physical performance ; psychometric properties ; multidimensional fatigue inventory ; fatigue ; reliability and validity ; rehabilitation ; kindergarten teacher ; mindfulness ; emotional intelligence (EI) ; psychological distress ; anxiety ; depression ; emergency ; healthcare workers ; infectious disease ; insomnia ; logistic regression ; organizational justice ; SARS-CoV-2 ; sleep ; biological sex ; gender diversity ; masculinity traits ; femininity traits ; work and family demands ; work and family conflict ; Chinese culture ; systematic review ; occupational trauma ; posttraumatic stress disorder ; occupational accident ; occupational disease ; job crafting ; work engagement ; perceived work group member status diversity ; creativity ; diary study ; work ability ; gender ; age ; occupational risk ; mediation ; entrepreneurial team ; environmental dynamism ; individual innovation ; uncertainty reduction theory ; information exchange behavior ; psychological wellbeing ; proactive performance ; leader-member exchange ; team-member exchange ; job characteristics ; paradoxical leadership ; career resilience ; task performance ; self-regulation theory ; perceived green HRM ; green psychological climate ; harmonious environmental passion ; voluntary workplace green behavior ; green creativity ; employee well-being ; work stress ; latent profiles ; biomarkers ; hormones ; cortisol ; glycemia ; presenteeism ; productivity ; mental health ; technostress ; education ; dark side ; information overload ; skepticism ; inefficacy ; confirmatory factor analysis ; affective events ; sensitization-satiation effects ; job demands-resources model ; experience sampling ; growth curve modeling ; work adjustment ; remote work ; structural factors ; relational factors ; contextual factors ; COVID-19 pandemic ; COVID-19 ; PTSD ; pattern ; intrusion ; hyperarousal ; avoidance ; interpersonal conflict ; burnout ; job satisfaction ; service quality ; work-unit performance ; tourism and hospitality ; occupational health and well-being ; emotional demands ; workload ; role ambiguity ; multilevel modeling ; psychosocial workplace factors ; organizational health ; healthy leadership ; workplace health promotion ; qualitative study ; trauma ; growth ; psychological health ; workers’ wellbeing ; occupational health and safety ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Typisierung des Verständnisses mentaler Modelle mittels empirischer Datenerhebung am Beispiel der Quantenphysik (Volume 304) (2022)
    Logos Verlag Berlin | Logos Verlag Berlin
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-01
    Description: Verständnisprozesse sind zentraler Teil des Lernens und der Bildung. Vor allem in den Naturwissenschaften und in der Mathematik ist es jedoch häufig der Fall, dass diese Prozesse nur teils oder gar nicht stattfinden. Ausgehend von dieser Problematik wird hier eine Studie vorgestellt, die mentale Modelle der Atomhülle und allgemein das Modellverständnis in der Physik gemeinsam untersucht. Aus den gewonnen empirischen Daten werden dabei vier Verständnistypen mentaler Modelle abgeleitet und mittels Literaturvergleichs in die Literatur der naturwissenschaftlichen Didaktik eingeordnet. Somit liefert die vorliegende Arbeit nicht nur eine mögliche Erklärung für das Festhalten an klassischen, mechanistischen Modellvorstellungen trotz der Einführung in die Quantenphysik, sondern auch generell für Probleme beim Verständnisprozess, die in der naturwissenschaftlichen Didaktik beim Lernen mit Modellen und bei Vorstellungen auftreten.
    Keywords: Education ; Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: German
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    Chapter 10 Når dommeren i fotball dømmer feil … (2021)
    Cappelen Damm Akademisk/NOASP (Nordic Open Access Scholarly Publishing) | Trender for idrettspsykologisk forskning i Skandinavia
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: "The aim of this study was to investigate characteristics of situations when top referees in soccer make an incorrect decision. Two expert panels, consisting of four top referees and four top players respectively, assessed 98 potential penalty shootout situations in Tippeligaen (Norwegian Premier League). The situations in which all the expert panels considered that the match referee made an incorrect decision (N = 14) were then analyzed based on recommended technical refereeing criteria and guidelines, as the referee’s distance to, angle to and insight into these penalty situations. The results revealed that in 11 of these 14 situations the referee had a greater distance than recommended. Furthermore, both the angle and insight were only of medium or poor nature. This may indicate that the referee had limited basis when assessing these situations, and subsequently landed on a wrong decision. Findings also showed that referees were more likely to go in favor of high status teams. This will be a topic for discussion in this article, based on the theory of dealing with mistakes and social pressure."
    Description: "Målet med denne studien var å undersøke hva som kjennetegner situasjoner hvor toppdommere i fotball dømmer feil. To ekspertpanel, bestående av henholdsvis fire toppdommere og fire toppspillere, vurderte 98 potensielle straffesparksituasjoner i Tippeligaen. Situasjonene der samtlige i ekspertpanelene vurderte at kampdommeren tok en feil avgjørelse (N = 14), ble deretter analysert med bakgrunn i anbefalte dommertekniske kriterier og retningslinjer – som dommerens avstand, vinkel og innsikt til disse straffesparksituasjonene. Resultatene viste at i 11 av disse 14 situasjonene hadde dommeren større avstand enn det som er anbefalt. Videre var både vinkel og innsikt kun av middels eller dårlig karakter. Dette kan indikere at en riktig utgangsposisjon kan bidra til å forklare hvorfor dommeren tar en feil avgjørelse. Funn viste også at dommerfeil var mer sannsynlig å gå i favør av lag med høy status, og blir i artikkelen diskutert i lys av teori om håndtering av feil og sosialt press."
    Keywords: soccer referee ; penalty kick ; expert panel ; incorrect refereeing ; fotballdommer ; straffespark ; ekspertpanel ; feildømming ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: Norwegian
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    Affective Sciences through the Chemical Senses (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: In people's minds, smells, flavors and affective phenomena are perceived as closely linked. But is it genuinely the case? The scientific study of this question is a rapidly expanding field, both in healthy and in clinical populations. Although still under-studied in comparison to other sensory modalities, chemical senses have proven to bring unique knowledge in the understanding of affective phenomena. In this context, this Research Topic is aimed to offer a snapshot of the present knowledge and questions raised in this field. Topics include, but are not limited to: affects elicited by odors and/or flavors in different individuals, contexts or cultures; emotional potency of odors in guiding human behavior and cognition (e.g. attention, memory formation, decisions and choices, withdrawal and approach behavior); affects communicated by body odors; affect regulation disorders and chemosensory perception. Studies on the biological underpinnings of these effects are also included.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; emotion ; Valence ; Affective Neuroscience ; Olfaction ; Chemosensory Communication ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Kinder und Jugendliche in der COVID-19-Pandemie (2022)
    De Gruyter | düsseldorf university press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-11
    Description: The lives of young families, children, and adolescents have been particularly hard hit by the measures put in place to protect society against infection during the COVID-19 pandemic. These interdisciplinary contributions shed light on the impact on society, psychology, and medicine, as well as the specific problems faced by children and adolescents. By taking a range of different perspectives, thus volume identifies gaps in care and research.
    Keywords: Pandemic, children and adolescents, COVID-19 ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JN Education ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBK Sociology: family & relationships
    Language: German
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    Dynamic systems theory and embodiment in psychotherapy research. A new look at process and outcome (2021)
    Frontiers Media SA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: In an attempt to cease from reducing the world and its phenomena to linear modeling and analytic dissection, Dynamic Systems Theories (DST) and Embodiment theories and methods aim to account for the complex, dynamic, and non-linear phenomena that we constantly deal with in psychology. For instance, a DST and Embodiment perspective can enrich psychology’s understanding of communicative processes both in clinical and non-clinical settings. In psychotherapy, research has shown that there are a number of common factors contributing to psychotherapy outcome, of which the therapeutic relationship is the most important one. These findings give communication a central role in the psychotherapy process. In the traditional view, the underlying model of understanding psychotherapy processes is that of a number of components summatively coming together enabling us to make a linear causal prediction. Yet, communication is inherently dynamic. A shift to viewing the communication process in psychotherapy as a field dynamic phenomenon helps us to take into account nonlinear phenomena, such as feedback processes within and between persons. We thus propose an embodied enactive dynamic systems view as a new theoretical and methodological perspective that can more realistically capture what happens among and between two persons in psychotherapy. This view is broader than that of most current models in psychotherapy research. DST and Embodied Enactive Approaches can offer solutions to the prevailing neglect of non-linear phenomena in Western science, to better account for the complex dynamics of reality, and to move to a more holistic level of analysis. DST and Embodied Enactive Approaches have developed not in a single discipline but in a joined movement based on various fields such as physics, biology, robotics, anthropology, philosophy, linguistics, neuroscience, and psychology, and have only recently entered clinical theorizing. The two new paradigms are presently triggering a rethinking of the therapeutic process by recognizing the embodied nature of psychological and communicative phenomena. Their integration opens up a promising scenario in the field of psychotherapy research, developing new, profoundly transdisciplinary, theoretical concepts, methodologies, and standards of knowledge. The notion of field dynamics enables us to account for the role of the communicational context in the regulation of intra-psychological processes, while at the same time avoiding the pitfalls of an ontologization of the hierarchy of systemic organization. Moreover, the new approach implements methodological strategies that can transcend the conventional opposition between idiographic and nomothetic sciences.
    Keywords: BF1-990 ; Q1-390 ; Enactivism ; self-organization ; dynamic systems ; embodiment ; temporality ; Psychotherapy outcome ; Psychotherapy process ; Complexity ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Psychoanalytic Perspectives on Puberty and Adolescence (2021)
    Taylor & Francis
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-29
    Description: Puberty is a time of tumultuous transition from childhood to adulthood activated by rapid physical changes, hormonal development and explosive activity of neurons. This book explores puberty through the parent-teenager relationship, as a "normal state of crisis", lasting several years and with the teenager oscillating between childlike tendencies and their desire to become an adult. The more parents succeed in recognizing and experiencing these new challenges as an integral, ineluctable emotional transformative process, the more they can allow their children to become independent. In addition, parents who can also see this crisis as a chance for their own further development will be ultimately enriched by this painful process. They can face up to their own aging as they take leave of youth with its myriad possibilities, accepting and working through a newfound rivalry with their sexually mature children, thus experiencing a process of maturity, which in turn can set an example for their children. This book is based on rich clinical observations from international settings, unique within the field, and there is an emphasis placed by the author on the role of the body in self-awareness, identity crises and gender construction. It will be of great interest to psychoanalysts, psychotherapists, parents and carers, as well as all those interacting with adolescents in self, family and society.
    Keywords: adolescence ; child ; parents ; psychoanalytic ; puberty ; teenager ; therapy ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory & schools of thought::JMAF Psychoanalytical theory (Freudian psychology) ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology::JMA Psychological theory, systems, schools and viewpoints::JMAF Psychoanalytical and Freudian psychology ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JM Psychology
    Language: English
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    Expatriates and Managing Global Mobility (2023)
    Taylor & Francis | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: There has been several decades of research on why women are under-represented in the expatriate population, but it is only in the past few years that research has begun to focus on issues with members from other diverse groups and how they fit into the expatriate picture. This chapter’s authors spotlight gender, age, race, religion and sexual orientation diversity. They point out, however, that MNCs can help alleviate some of these issues by fostering strong diversity climates within the firm, including diversity training programs, but clear evidence for the success of the various attempts to increase diversity is lacking. This chapter highlights how there is a special need for research which considers the intersection of these various dimensions of diversity, and how that can affect expatriate experience.
    Keywords: expatriate experience, diversity, diversity training ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJM Management & management techniques::KJMV Management of specific areas::KJMV2 Personnel & human resources management ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KJ Business & management::KJU Organizational theory & behaviour ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology::JMJ Occupational & industrial psychology
    Language: English
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