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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    31P-NMR study of natural phytoplankton samples (1995)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 300-301 (1995), S. 391-398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: phytoplankton ; phosphorus ; 31P-NMR ; in situ sample fixation ; maximum entropy method
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A new fixation method was developed for the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) study of natural phytoplankton samples collected in situ. To test NMR reliability, a Chlorella continuous culture was used in a phosphorus deficiency recovery experiment. The method was then applied to natural metalimnetic cyanobacterial plankton. The maximum Entropy Method was used to enhance the generally poor signal to noise ratio resulting from the low amount of available material and NMR sensitivity. Suggestions are made on how to improve reliability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00024480
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of heavy metal contamination and pollution in four reservoirs in the English Midlands, UK (1991)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 214 (1991), S. 155-162 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: urbanisation ; heavy metals ; phosphorus ; macrofossils ; lake and fluvial sediments ; lake rehabilitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chemical and palaeoecological analysis of lake and fluvial sediments reveals a range of human impact on the sediment chemistry of four reservoirs in the English Midlands. Atmospheric pollution is recorded in both inner city and rural sites over the last 150 years. Catchment derived heavy metals at one urban site reveals high contamination factors for Pb, Cu, Ni, Zn and Cd. From the phosphorus record and from reconstructions based on macrofossil remains, eutrophication is recorded at all sites. Recent attempts to evaluate rehabilitation programmes for the inner city sites have proved problematical owing to two major problems. First, their shallow nature results in a high cost of desilting and, secondly, heavy metal contamination makes treatment and disposal of the sediment expensive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00050945
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of fractionation methods for forms of phosphorus in soils (1999)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 47 (1999), S. 25-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: Hedley fractionation ; phosphorus ; Ruttenberg fractionation ; soil phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We used l6 soils to compare the Hedley method for soil phosphorus fractionation to an alternative method recently developed by Ruttenberg to differentiate among P fractions in marine sediments. For forms of labile and Fe-bound P in soils, these methods were poorly correlated, with the Hedley fractionation showing a greater ability to discriminate among variations in plant-available P. For Ca-bound P, total organic P, and total P, the methods were well correlated (r2 = 0.93, 0.48, 0.74, respectively), although the sum of P measured in the Ruttenberg extractions is only 45% of the total P recovered by the Hedley fractionation. The Hedley fractionation seems superior when an index of plant-available phosphorus and a separation of organic and inorganic forms is needed, whereas the Ruttenberg method allows a separation of CaCO3-bound P from apatite-P, which is potentially useful in calcareous soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006105420235
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of fractionation methods for forms of phosphorus in soils (1999)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 47 (1999), S. 25-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: Hedley fractionation ; phosphorus ; Ruttenberg fractionation ; soil phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract We used 16 soils to compare the Hedley method for soil phosphorus fractionation to an alternative method recently developed by Ruttenberg to differentiate among P fractions in marine sediments. For forms of labile and Fe-bound P in soils, these methods were poorly correlated, with the Hedley fractionation showing a greater ability to discriminate among variations in plant-available P. For Ca-bound P, total organic P, and total P, the methods were well correlated (r2=0.93, 0.48, 0.74, respectively), although the sum of P measured in the Ruttenberg extractions is only 45% of the total P recovered by the Hedley fractionation. The Hedley fractionation seems superior when an index of plant-available phosphorus and a separation of organic and inorganic forms is needed, whereas the Ruttenberg method allows a separation of CaCO3-bound P from apatite-P, which is potentially useful in calcareous soils.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00993095
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of phosphorus immobilization in sediments of freshwater and coastal marine systems (1990)
    Springer
    Biogeochemistry 9 (1990), S. 277-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-515X
    Keywords: phosphorus ; sediment loading ; marine vs freshwater
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The extent to which sediments of aquatic systems immobilize or release phosphorus can affect dramatically the P content of overlying waters. Data from 48 different aquatic systems suggests that there may be a major difference between fresh- and salt-water systems in this immobilization. Under oxic conditions (water overlying sediments had dissolved oxygen 〉 0.5 mg/L) P is strongly immobilized in sediments of most fresh-water systems. In sediments of most salt-water systems P is released from sediments and behaves, essentially, as a conservative tracer of benthic decomposition. This difference in P cycling is large enough to have an influence on the often cited difference in phytoplankton nutrient limitation between fresh- and salt-water systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00000602
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of purification efficiencies of various constructed ecosystems (aquatic, semi-aquatic and terrestrial) receiving urban wastewaters (1996)
    Springer
    Wetlands ecology and management 4 (1996), S. 207-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9834
    Keywords: Alnus glutinosa ; constructed ecosystems ; disinfection ; Iris pseudacorus ; multi-stage systems ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; constructed treatment wetlands ; optimization ; purification efficiencies ; urban wastewaters treatment ; Typha latifolia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tests were carried out under controlled conditions in the Experimental Plant of Viville (Arlon, Belgium) to enhance the purification of urban wastewater by “natural” means. The results demonstrate the need to structure treatment systems in a series of different artificial ecosystems (or a Hierarchical Mosaic of Artificial Ecosystems — MHEA in French). The first two levels we used were made up of an unplanted aquatic ecosystem (stabilization pond) followed by a semi-aquatic ecosystem planted withTypha latifolia L. in which the water flows over the substrate. At a flow rate of 4 m2/PE (1 PE=150 1/day of typical urban wastewaters in Belgian rural zones), this first stage substantially reduces suspended solids (SS), COD and BOD5, a significant amount of tot-N and tot-P, and reduces pathogens by 100-fold. Further, the system is easy to manage (sludge is eliminated in the first stage and biomass is collected in the second stage) and the treatment system does not clog up. Nevertheless, real and sustainable environmental protection demands even higher performance rates, and these first two stages, both in terms of design and dimension, can only be considered as a satisfactory part of a MHEA system. Artificial aquatic, semi-aquatic, and terrestrial ecosystems were systematically compared at the third and fourth stage of the system to increase the overall removal efficiency. The most complete and efficient system in our tests (i.e., the one that provides the most successful primary (SS), secondary (COD and BOD5) and tertiary (N and P) treatment and the best pathogens removal rates) was made up of 3 sequential series of ecosystems: an aquatic ecosystem whose flow went into a plantedTypha latifolia system (surface water flow), that flowed into a terrestrial ecosystem planted withAlnus glutinosa (L.) Gaertn (vertical subsurface water flow). A total surface area (stages 1–4) of 8 m2/PE ensured a high performance level whose outflow conformed to the strictest European norms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01879239
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of sedimentary and diatom-inferred phosphorus profiles: implications for defining pre-disturbance nutrient conditions (1993)
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 253 (1993), S. 357-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: weighted averaging ; calibration ; phosphorus ; diatoms ; palaeolimnology ; Northern Ireland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Interpreting sedimentary phosphorus profiles in terms of changes in the historical P load is difficult due to variable retention and post-depositional diagenesis. An alternative approach is to use diatom assemblages in surface sediments and derive a transfer function for epilimnetic SRP and total P concentrations using weighted average regression and calibration. The obtained relationship can then be applied to down-core changes in sedimentary diatom assemblages and diatom-inferred P (DI-P) used to assess historical changes in epilimnetic P-concentrations. A diatom-phosphorus calibration data set for 43 eutrophic lakes in Northern Ireland has been constructed and applied to two small eutrophic lakes (Lough Mann, White Lough). DI-total P (i.e. predicted) is highly correlated with observed TP (r 2 = 0.75) for the surface-sediment training data-set. The resultant changes in DI-P derived from application of the transfer function to down-core changes in diatom assemblages are compared to sedimentary P concentrations. The latter are highly variable, presumably due to redox-derived effects, while DI-P profiles are more readily interpretable, and agree with other stratigraphic records of lake eutrophication. The method offers a good possibility of defining pre-disturbance (i.e. natural) phosphorus concentrations in lakes with associated implications for lake-restoration programmes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00050761
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of soil tests to predict the growth and nodulation of subterranean clover in aluminium-toxic topsoils (1991)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 136 (1991), S. 11-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: aluminium toxicity ; 8-hydroxyquinoline ; cation exchange resin ; reactive Al ; soil test ; soil solution ; 1∶5 extract ; acidic topsoil ; phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Total Al concentration or pH in 1∶5 10 mM CaCl2 extracts and exchangeable Al in 100 mM BaCl2 extracts cannot always distinguish between Al-toxic and Al-nontoxic topsoils. Our objectives were to compare the abilities of different measures of Al and pH in various extracts to predict the effects of acidity on growth and nodulation of subterranean clover. In a glasshouse experiment,Trifolium subterraneum L. cv. Mt Barker was grown in acidic soils from 3 sites in the Western Australian wheatbelt with different histories of phosphate fertilizer application. The pH was adjusted to give a range of 3.8–7 in the centrifuged soil solution (SS). Total (Al-tot), reactive Al (8-hydroxyquinoline-extractable, Al-HQ) and pH were measured in SS and 1∶5 extracts of KCl, CaCl2 and LaCl3. Another method of estimating reactive Al (Al which reacts with Chelex-100) was also measured in SS only. Other measurements included exchangeable Al and H, Ca in SS, and P in SS and the CaCl2 extracts. Both plant growth and early nodulation decreased with increasing acidity. Plant growth in the acidified and unlimed treatments of all soils was best described by Al-HQ in SS, KCl or CaCl2 (r2=0.68–0.70). Multiple regression of relative yield against Al or pH with the concentration of P in SS increased the percentage variation explained by 10% and 30%, respectively. Early nodulation was well correlated (r2=0.67–0.91) with pH or exch. H, Al-tot or exch. Al and Al-HQ. No improvement in the correlation was gained by including P using multiple regression. At constant ionic strength, increasing the valence of the extracting cation decreased the ability of soil tests to distinguish phytotoxic Al.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02465215
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A computer program for calculating the activities of calcium and orthophosphate ions in biological fluids and related synthetic solutions (1971)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 8 (1971), S. 304-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Calcium ; Phosphate ; Solubility ; Computer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un programme d'ordinateur a été mis au point pour calculer les activités ioniques du calcium et l'orthophosphate dans un grand nombre de solutions. Dans le cas de solutions synthétiques, les calculs sont vérifiés en comparant les valeurs de pH, obtenues par ordinateur, avec celles observées expérimentalement. Des essais de ce type, avec des solutions possèdant des concentrations de calcium et d'orthophosphate trouvées dans les liquides biologiques et à des valeurs de pH variant de 3.00 à 10.00, indiquent que le programme est adapté pour des applications biologiques. Le programme n'est pas effectif pour des solutions, dans les lesquelles l'ion bromure est la source principale de la force ionique, sans doute, par manque d'équation étendue de Debye-Hückel dans ces circonstances. Aucune formation de complexe de phosphate de sodium n'a été notée à des concentrations biologiques normales.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein Computer-Programm ausgearbeitet, um die Ionenaktivitäten von Calcium und Orthophosphat in einer breiten Varietät von Lösungen zu berechnen. Die Berechnungen wurden bei synthetischen Lösungen durch Vergleiche zwischen den auf diese Weise errechneten pH-Werten und den experimentell gefundenen kontrolliert. Diese Art Kontrollen mit Calcium-und Orthophosphatkonzentrationen, wie sie in biologischen Flüssigkeiten gefunden werden, und mit pH-Werten zwischen 3,0 und 10,0 wies darauf hin, daß das Programm für biologische Anwendungen geeignet war. Das Programm konnte nicht benützt werden für solche Lösungen, bei welchen hauptsächlich das Bromidion zur Einstellung der Ionenstärke verwendet wurde, vermutlich weil die erweiterte Debye-Hückel-Gleichung unter diesen Umständen nicht anwendbar ist. Die Bildung eines Natriumphosphat-Komplexes unter normalen biologischen Konzentrationen konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Abstract A computer program has been designed to calculate the ionic activities of calcium and orthophosphate in a wide variety of solutions. In the case of synthetic solutions the calculations were checked by comparing the computed pH values with those observed experimentally. Tests of this type with solutions having the concentrations of calcium and orthophosphate found in biological fluids and with pH values ranging from pH 3.0–10.0 indicated that the program was suitable for biological applications. The program was not effective for solutions in which the bromide ion was a principal source of ionic strength probably because of the failure of the extended Debye-Hückel equation under those circumstances. No evidence for the formation of any sodium phosphate complex at normal biological concentrations could be found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02010149
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A concept of selection for 'low input' wheat varieties (1998)
    Springer
    Euphytica 100 (1998), S. 95-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: genetic variation ; wheat genotypes ; nitrogen ; phosphorus ; potassium ; breeding ; low-input cultivars
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Nutrient efficiency in wheat is very complex. It includes two major types: nutrient acquisition efficiency and nutrient use efficiency. Various studies on wild, landraces, old, intermediate and new genotypes of cereals showed that the new varieties produced higher grain yields than the old varieties, and were also more efficient at using nutrients. Several spring wheat cultivars, representing almost all cultivars of spring wheat, released from the Federal Office for Cultivar Registration, Germany and published in the 'Descriptive List of Cultivars', were used to investigate the interactive effects between genotypes and the use efficiencies of the three macro nutrients N, P and K by the grain and straw. The results obtained in this study indicate that nutrient use efficiency of the single nutrients varies widely within recent cultivars. Some cultivars were identified as being multiple-nutrient use efficient. These are considered low-input cultivars. It appears that a special breeding programme of crop cultivars for low nutrient and stress conditions could be successful. Improved cultivar response to nutrients will help to reduce inputs and hence protect the environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018308023391
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