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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2021-04-27
    Description: The range of substrates that the bone-eating marine worm Osedax is able to consume has important implications for its evolutionary history, especially its potential link to the rise of whales. Once considered a whale specialist, recent work indicates that Osedax consumes a wide range of vertebrate remains, including whale soft tissue and the bones of mammals, birds and fishes. Traces resembling those produced by living Osedax have now been recognized for the first time in Oligocene whale teeth and fish bones from deep-water strata of the Makah, Pysht and Lincoln Creek formations in western Washington State, USA. The specimens were acid etched from concretions, and details of the borehole morphology were investigated using micro-computed tomography. Together with previously published Osedax traces from this area, our results show that by Oligocene time Osedax was able to colonize the same range of vertebrate remains that it consumes today and had a similar diversity of root morphologies. This supports the view that a generalist ability to exploit vertebrate bones may be an ancestral trait of Osedax.
    Keywords: Deep-sea; Trace fossil; Osedax; Whale; Fish; Micro-CT; Tiefsee; Spurenfossil; Osedax; Wal; Fisch; Micro-CT ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Paleontology
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Keywords: 551 ; VKB 350 ; 38.20
    Language: English
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
    Format: 186-209
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    Springer | Berlin [u.a.]
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: Colonial non-zooxanthellate corals from deep-water coral reefs, Lophelia pertusa and Madrepora oculata, produce large amounts of extracellular mucus (EMS). This mucus has various functions, e.g., an antifouling capability protecting the coral skeleton from attacks of endolithic and boring organisms. Both corals show thick epithecal and exothecal skeletal parts with a clear lamellar growth pattern. The formation of the epitheca is unclear. It is supposed that the EMS play a central role during the calcification process of the epithecal skeletal parts. Staining with the fluorochrome tetracycline has shown an enrichment of Ca2+ ions in the mucus. In order to investigate this hypothesis, the protein content of the mucus and the intracrystalline organic matter from newly formed epithecal aragonite of Madrepora oculata was determined via sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) gel electrophoresis. Identical band patterns within both substances could be detected, one around 45 kDa molecular weight and a cluster around 30-35 kDa molecular weight. The occurrence of identical protein patterns within the mucus and in the newly formed aragonite confirms the idea that the mucus plays an important role during the organomineralization of the coral epitheca.
    Keywords: 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20
    Language: English
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
    Format: 731-744
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    Springer-Verlag | Berlin/Heidelberg
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: Aspidochirote holothurian ossicles were discovered in Upper Ordovician-aged Öjlemyr cherts from Gotland, Sweden. The well-preserved material allows definitive assignment to the family Synallactidae, a deep-sea sea cucumber group that is distributed worldwide today. The new taxon Tribrachiodemas ordovicicus gen. et sp. nov. is described, representing the oldest member of the Aspidochirotida. The further fossil record of Synallactidae and evolutionary implications are also discussed.
    Keywords: Echinodermata; Holothuroidea; Ordovician; Sweden; Baltic Sea; Echinodermata; Holothuroidea; Ordovizium; Schweden; Ostsee ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Paleontology
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Keywords: 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20
    Language: English
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
    Format: 179-211
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Keywords: 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20
    Language: English
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
    Format: 102-120
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Keywords: 551 ; VU 000 ; 38.20
    Language: English
    Type: anthologyArticle , publishedVersion
    Format: 121-133
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2021-04-25
    Description: The morphologically conspicuous bivalve Oxytoma (Palmoxytoma) cygnipes (Young & Bird, 1822), known for its palaeogeographically bipolar distribution, from a limestone bed in the boundary “Belemniten–Schichten”/Amaltheenton formation, Lower Jurassic, in N Germany is described. The occurrence of this palaeoceanographically significant bivalve points to an influx of cool seawater from the Arctic to the North-German Basin at the base of the Upper Pliensbachian, just before the deposition of the Amaltheenton formation. A review of previously reported occurrences on the NW European Shelf indicates two distinct stratigraphic intervals of occurrence of this taxon: the Rhaetian–Hettangian boundary and the Upper Pliensbachian. Whereas the former interval of occurrence may be related to short-term cooling in the course of the end-Triassic extinction event, the latter is interpreted as reflecting the influx of a cool water current to the eastern part of the NW European Shelf, which continued southwards parallel to the coast of the Bohemian–Vindelician High.
    Keywords: Bivalvia; Germany; Triassic–Jurassic boundary; Pliensbachian; Boreal; Bivalvia; Deutschland; Trias–Jura-Grenze; Pliensbachium; Boreal ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Paleontology
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2021-04-24
    Description: The northern German Lower Cretaceous Bückeberg Formation yields numerous dinosaur tracksites, some of which have produced material of impressive quality. Stratigraphically, the localities are concentrated in the Obernkirchen Sandstone, a thin subunit within this formation. The Obernkirchen Sandstone represents mainly a sandy barrier to back-barrier and lagoonal setting within a limnic deltaic facies complex, which was deposited during the late Berriasian (Cypridea alta formosa ostracod subzone) in the southeast of the Lower Saxony Basin, northwest Germany. A few tracksites occur more proximally in coeval fluvial deposits. Dinosaur footprint assemblages were left by ornithopods, theropods, sauropods, ankylosaurs, and small, bipedal ornithischians. Other vertebrate tracks are those of turtles and, possibly, crocodilians. Due to the decrease in sandstone quarrying in recent decades, many old tracksites are inaccessible today. Additionally, historical descriptions of the tracks were of highly variable quality and often published in remote and today nearly unobtainable sources. Here we provide a catalogue of 13 tracksites compiled from the literature and some new observations. Of these 13 tracksites, only five are still accessible and currently under study. Descriptions of each locality are provided, with a comprehensive compilation of existing data on lithofacies, stratigraphy, palaeogeography and palaeoecology of the Obernkirchen Sandstone and equivalent strata. A short review of the track-bearing lithofacies assemblage indicates that the outcrop areas have distinctly different facies and environments, and, therefore, track-bearing horizons can only be correlated stratigraphically between adjacent outcrops. For this reason, the identification of a megatracksite in the Obernkirchen Sandstone is currently regarded as premature and uncertain.
    Keywords: Vertebrate tracks; Dinosauria; Cretaceous; Berriasian; Obernkirchen; Münchehagen; Germany; Wirbeltier-Fährten; Dinosauria; Kreide; Berriasium; Obernkirchen; Münchehagen; Deutschland ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Paleontology
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2021-03-29
    Description: In order to better understand the role of fluids during subduction and subsequent exhumation, we have investigated whole-rock and mineral chemistry (major and trace elements) and Li, B as well as O, Sr, Nd, Pb isotopes on selected continuous drill-core profiles through contrasting lithological boundaries from the Chinese Continental Scientific Drilling Program (CCSD) in Sulu, China. Four carefully selected sample sets have been chosen to investigate geochemical changes as a result of fluid mobilization during dehydration, peak metamorphism, and exhumation of deeply subducted continental crust. Our data reveal that while O and Sr-Nd-Pb isotopic compositions remain more or less unchanged, significant Li and/or B isotope fractionations occur between different lithologies that are in close contact during various metamorphic stages. Samples that are supposed to represent prograde dehydration as indicated by veins formed at high pressures (HP) are characterized by element patterns of highly fluid-mobile elements in the veins that are complementary to those of the host eclogite. A second sample set represents a UHP metamorphic crustal eclogite that is separated from a garnet peridotite by a thin transitional interface. Garnet peridotite and eclogite are characterized by a 〉10% difference in MgO, which, together with the presence of abundant hydroxyl-bearing minerals and compositionally different clinopyroxene grains demonstrate that both rocks have been derived from different sources that have been tectonically juxtaposed during subduction, and that hydrous silicate-rich fluids have been added from the subducting slab to the mantle. Two additional sample sets, comprising retrograde amphibolite and relatively fresh eclogite, demonstrate that besides external fluids, internal fluids can be responsible for the formation of amphibolite. Li and B concentrations and isotopic compositions point to losses and isotopic fractionation during progressive dehydration. On the other hand, fluids with isotopically heavier Li and B are added during retrogression. On a small scale, mantle-derived rocks may be significantly metasomatized by fluids derived from the subducted slab. Our study indicates that during high-grade metamorphism, Li and B may show different patterns of enrichment and of isotopic fractionation.
    Keywords: Fluid/rock interaction; Elemental transfer; Isotopic fractionation; Subduction and exhumation; Sulu ; 551 ; Earth Sciences; Mineralogy; Mineral Resources; Geology
    Language: English
    Type: article , publishedVersion
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