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  • Articles  (78,314)
  • Oxford University Press  (78,314)
  • Mathematics  (56,303)
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (20,187)
  • Law  (2,327)
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  • 1
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    The Wicked Problem of Diffuse Nutrient Pollution from Agriculture (2020)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-09
    Description: Diffuse nutrient pollution from agriculture has been the concern of policymakers for several decades, and yet it remains a persistent environmental issue. The current approach to mitigating the problem is predominantly via command and control regulation within the Nitrates Directive and the Water Framework Directive. This article will set out how diffuse pollution can be considered a wicked policy problem which acts as an explanation of how it has eluded the current regulatory regime. It will further establish that the traditional planning process overlooked the complexity of the problem. Finally, it will illustrate the ineffectiveness of the current regulatory framework to mitigate the problem. This will be exemplified through the legal framework of Northern Ireland.
    Print ISSN: 0952-8873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-374X
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Law
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Samuel Smith and Judicial Review of Policy Interpretation: A Middle Way in the Law and Policy Divide (2020)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2020-10-09
    Description: This analysis explores new developments in judicial review of planning policy interpretation. It shows how the nature of policy, often contextual and judgment-dependent, has led the UK Supreme Court to rethink the standard of review applicable to this issue. By considering the recent decision in Samuel Smith as part of a trilogy of cases—including Tesco Stores and Hopkins Homes—this analysis reveals a change in judicial attitudes, away from the expansive judicial supervision upheld in Tesco Stores. Furthermore, this study reflects on how this change is related to two wider ideas. The first is the Court’s understanding of the law and policy divide in the planning field, whilst the second is to do with a pragmatic stance regarding the purpose of the planning system and the institutional role of the courts in it. Finally, this analysis shows how the new approach emphasises the distinctive character of policy in the planning context.
    Print ISSN: 0952-8873
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-374X
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Law
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Spectral flow, crossing forms and homoclinics of Hamiltonian systems (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: We prove a spectral flow formula for one-parameter families of Hamiltonian systems under homoclinic boundary conditions, which relates the spectral flow to the relative Maslov index of a pair of curves of Lagrangians induced by the stable and unstable subspaces, respectively. Finally, we deduce sufficient conditions for bifurcation of homoclinic trajectories of one-parameter families of non-autonomous Hamiltonian vector fields.
    Print ISSN: 0024-6115
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-244X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    The Schur-Horn problem for normal operators (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: We consider the Schur–Horn problem for normal operators in von Neumann algebras, which is the problem of characterizing the possible diagonal values of a given normal operator based on its spectral data. For normal matrices, this problem is well known to be extremely difficult, and in fact, it remains open for matrices of size greater than $3$ . We show that the infinite-dimensional version of this problem is more tractable, and establish approximate solutions for normal operators in von Neumann factors of type I $_\infty$ , II, and III. A key result is an approximation theorem that can be seen as an approximate multivariate analogue of Kadison's Carpenter Theorem.
    Print ISSN: 0024-6115
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-244X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 5
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    Asymptotic h-expansiveness rate of C{infty} maps (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: We study the rate of convergence to zero of the tail entropy of $C^\infty$ maps. We give an upper bound of this rate in terms of the growth in $k$ of the derivative of order $k$ and give examples showing the optimality of the established rate of convergence. We also consider the case of multimodal maps of the interval. Finally, we prove that homoclinic tangencies give rise to $C^r$ $(r\geqslant 2)$ robustly non- $h$ -expansive dynamical systems.
    Print ISSN: 0024-6115
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-244X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Symmetric quiver Hecke algebras and R-matrices of quantum affine algebras III (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: Let ${{\mathscr {C}}}^0_{{{\mathfrak {g}}}}$ be the category of finite-dimensional integrable modules over the quantum affine algebra $U_{q}'({{\mathfrak {g}}})$ and let $R^{A_\infty }{\mbox {-}\mathrm {gmod}}$ denote the category of finite-dimensional graded modules over the quiver Hecke algebra of type $A_{\infty }$ . In this paper, we investigate the relationship between the categories ${{\mathscr {C}}}^0_{A_{N-1}^{(1)}}$ and ${{\mathscr {C}}}^0_{A_{N-1}^{(2)}}$ by constructing the generalized quantum affine Schur–Weyl duality functors ${\mathcal {F}}^{(t)}$ from $R^{A_\infty }{\mbox {-}\mathrm {gmod}}$ to ${{\mathscr {C}}}^0_{A_{N-1}^{(t)}}\ (t=1,2)$ .
    Print ISSN: 0024-6115
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-244X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Darmon points on elliptic curves over number fields of arbitrary signature (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: We present new constructions of complex and $p$ -adic Darmon points on elliptic curves over base fields of arbitrary signature. We conjecture that these points are global and present numerical evidence to support our conjecture.
    Print ISSN: 0024-6115
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-244X
    Topics: Mathematics
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 8
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    Tree-based methods for individualized treatment regimes (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-21
    Description: Individualized treatment rules recommend treatments on the basis of individual patient characteristics. A high-quality treatment rule can produce better patient outcomes, lower costs and less treatment burden. If a treatment rule learned from data is to be used to inform clinical practice or provide scientific insight, it is crucial that it be interpretable; clinicians may be unwilling to implement models they do not understand, and black-box models may not be useful for guiding future research. The canonical example of an interpretable prediction model is a decision tree. We propose a method for estimating an optimal individualized treatment rule within the class of rules that are representable as decision trees. The class of rules we consider is interpretable but expressive. A novel feature of this problem is that the learning task is unsupervised, as the optimal treatment for each patient is unknown and must be estimated. The proposed method applies to both categorical and continuous treatments and produces favourable marginal mean outcomes in simulation experiments. We illustrate it using data from a study of major depressive disorder.
    Print ISSN: 0006-3444
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3510
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 9
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    Diagnostic studies in sufficient dimension reduction (2015)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-21
    Description: Sufficient dimension reduction in regression aims to reduce the predictor dimension by replacing the original predictors with some set of linear combinations of them without loss of information. Numerous dimension reduction methods have been developed based on this paradigm. However, little effort has been devoted to diagnostic studies within the context of dimension reduction. In this paper we introduce methods to check goodness-of-fit for a given dimension reduction subspace. The key idea is to extend the so-called distance correlation to measure the conditional dependence relationship between the covariates and the response given a reduction subspace. Our methods require minimal assumptions, which are usually much less restrictive than the conditions needed to justify the original methods. Asymptotic properties of the test statistic are studied. Numerical examples demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.
    Print ISSN: 0006-3444
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3510
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 10
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    Bayesian sensitivity analysis with the Fisher-Rao metric (2015)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2015-08-21
    Description: We propose a geometric framework to assess sensitivity of Bayesian procedures to modelling assumptions based on the nonparametric Fisher–Rao metric. While the framework is general, the focus of this article is on assessing local and global robustness in Bayesian procedures with respect to perturbations of the likelihood and prior, and on the identification of influential observations. The approach is based on a square-root representation of densities, which enables analytical computation of geodesic paths and distances, facilitating the definition of naturally calibrated local and global discrepancy measures. An important feature of our approach is the definition of a geometric $\epsilon$ -contamination class of sampling distributions and priors via intrinsic analysis on the space of probability density functions. We demonstrate the applicability of our framework to generalized mixed-effects models and to directional and shape data.
    Print ISSN: 0006-3444
    Electronic ISSN: 1464-3510
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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