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  • Articles  (5)
  • realism  (5)
  • Springer  (5)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Natural Sciences in General  (5)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantum Nonlocality and the Challenge to Scientific Realism (2000)
    Springer
    Foundations of science 5 (2000), S. 3-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8471
    Keywords: Bohr ; Einstein ; nonlocality ; quantum theory ; realism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract In this essay I examine various aspects of the nearcentury-long debate concerning the conceptualfoundations of quantum mechanics and the problems ithas posed for physicists and philosophers fromEinstein to the present. Most crucial here is theissue of realism and the question whether quantumtheory is compatible with any kind of realist orcausal-explanatory account which goes beyond theempirical-predictive data. This was Einstein's chiefconcern in the famous series of exchanges with NielsBohr when he refused to accept the truth orcompleteness of a doctrine (orthodox QM) which ruledsuch questions to be strictly inadmissible. I discussthe later history of quantum-theoretical debate withparticular reference to the issue of nonlocality,i.e., the phenomenon of superluminal(faster-than-light) interaction betweenwidely-separated particles. Then I show how thestandard `Copenhagen' interpretation of QM hasinfluenced current anti-realist orontological-relativist approaches to philosophy ofscience. Indeed, there are clear signs that somephilosophers have retreated from a realist positionvery largely in response to just these problems. So itis important to ask exactly why – on what scientificor philosophical grounds – any preferred alternative(causal-realist) construal should have been ruled outas a matter of orthodox QM wisdom. Moreconstructively, my paper presents various arguments infavour of one such alternative, the `hidden-variables'theory developed since the early 1950s by David Bohmand consistently marginalised by proponents of theCopenhagen doctrine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026447021096
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Realistic Look at Putnam's Argument Against Realism (2000)
    Springer
    Foundations of science 5 (2000), S. 299-321 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8471
    Keywords: first-order languages ; higher-order languages ; observation ; quantitative measurement ; realism ; representation ; theorem ; theory of measurement
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract Putnam's ``model-theoretic'' argument against metaphysical realism presupposes that an ideal scientific theory is expressible in a first order language. The central aim of this paper is to show that Putnam's ``first orderization'' of science, although unchallenged by numerous critics, makes his argument unsound even for adequate theories, never mind an ideal one. To this end, I will argue that quantitative theories, which dominate the natural sciences, can be adequately interpreted and evaluated only with the help of so-called theories of measurement whose epistemological and methodological purpose is to justify systematic assignments of quantitative values to objects in the world. And, in order to fulfill this purpose, theories of measurement must have an essentially higher order logical structure. As a result, Putnam's argument fails because much of science turns out to rest on essentially higher order theoretical assumptions about the world.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011323103739
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the Construction of Mental Objects in Third and in First Persons (2000)
    Springer
    Foundations of science 5 (2000), S. 399-428 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8471
    Keywords: realism ; nominalism ; theory of self ; complementarity ; introspection ; mental structure ; mental function ; universals ; cogito
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract This paper deals with some formal properties of objects that are supposed to be internal to persons, that is, mental structures and mental functions. Depending on the ways of talking about these internal objects, they will appear different. Two types of discourse will be presented, to be called the realist and the nominalist discourses, and for eachdiscourse I will focus upon the construction of `self'.The realist discourse assumes an identity between the person and his construction of himself. I will illustrate this discourse in terms of Descartes' ideas on himself as a `thinking substance'. The nominalist discourse assumes an impossibility to attain this identity, and instead to imply a complementarity between the person and his self-construction. I will illustrate this discourse in terms of the problems both William James and Sartre discerned when a conscious person chases after his own consciousness (termed `judging thought' and `pour-soi' respectively).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1011319826957
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Planck's constant and necessarily time-extended phenomena (1998)
    Springer
    Speculations in science and technology 21 (1998), S. 329-343 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9309
    Keywords: Planck's constant ; energy ; action ; uncertainty principle ; virtual particle ; realism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: Abstract This paper is an attempt to make a wholly new interpretation of the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics. It is conjectured that where there is supposed to be uncertainty of energy, there is instead a specific form of energy – non-classical energy – which is necessarily extended in time. The conjecture gives rise to a realist interpretation of quantum mechanics which does not rest on any really new mathematical theorem. Instead, the reinterpretation is based on an insight belonging to the philosophy of science. It says that dimensional identities may hide spatiotemporal differences. Non-classical energy has exactly the same physical dimension as action and Planck's constant, but it does nonetheless not correspond to action.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005525401707
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Constructivisms and Relativisms: A Shopper‘s Guide (1997)
    Springer
    Science & education 6 (1997), S. 29-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-1901
    Keywords: realism ; idealism ; empiricism ; innatism ; constructivism ; relativism ; representation ; epistemology ; scaffolding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Notes: Abstract Diverse forms of constructivism can be found in the literature today. They exhibit a commonality regarding certain classical positions that they oppose - a unity in their negative identities - but a sometimes wild multiplicity and incompatibility regarding the positive proposals that they put forward. In particular, some constructivisms propose an epistemological idealism, with a concomitant relativism, while others are explicitly opposed to such positions, and move in multifarious different directions. This is a potentially confusing situation, and has resulted in some critics branding all constructivisms with the charge of relativism, and throwing out the baby with the bath water. In addition, since the epistemological foundations of even non-relativist constructivisms are not as familiar as the classical positions, there is a risk of mis-interpretation of constructivisms and their consequences, even by some who endorse them, not to mention those who criticize. Because I urge that some version of constructivism is an epistemological necessity, this situation strikes me as seriously unfortunate for philosophy, and potentially dangerous for the practice of education.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008636107835
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