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  • Cell & Developmental Biology
  • Humans
  • thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (28)
  • White Rose University Press  (3)
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  • 1
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    Geographical Analysis and Modeling of Urban Heat Island Formation (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue explores the fascinating topic of urban heat islands (UHIs), examining them from temporal and spatial perspectives. We embark on a journey that focuses on the essential impacts of UHI formations, including land use composition, city characteristics, and anthropogenic factors. Our objective is to raise awareness of the many facets of UHIs and their significant effects on urban environments and sustainability. This collective aim is to further strengthen urban sustainability through a deeper understanding of UHI dynamics. This volume includes a wide range of topics related to UHIs, including cutting-edge methods and datasets for capturing UHI phenomena. We investigate the spatial interactions between UHI intensity and land use/cover distribution within metropolitan areas, examine the geographic patterns and processes underlying UHIs in sprawling cities, and analyze the spatial differences in UHI intensity between developing and developed countries. Additionally, we focus on UHI catastrophe mitigation and adaptation measures, which are crucial for setting sail for a sustainable urban future. Finally, we engage in the critical work of prediction and scenario analysis, equipping policymakers and urban planners with the insights necessary for informed decision-making. We express our thanks to the researchers, academics, and contributors who have made this Special Issue possible as we begin this investigation into urban heat islands. We aim to foster a comprehensive understanding of UHIs and contribute to the broader discourse on urban sustainability.
    Keywords: cooling effect ; distance analysis ; landscape pattern ; urban heat island ; urban lake ; land surface temperature ; spatial analysis ; urban agglomeration ; driving factors ; geo-detector metric ; urban heat island (UHI) ; land use land cover (LULC) ; land surface temperature (LST) ; spatiotemporal changes ; SUHI-contributing factors ; satellite imagery ; literature review ; Surface Urban Heat Island (SUHI) ; Land Surface Temperature (LST) ; Principal Component Analysis (PCA) ; Multiple Linear Regression (MLR) ; Machine Learning ; Naïve Bayes ; greenspace spatial patterns ; landscape metrics ; spatial autoregressive model ; seasonal variation ; functional construction land zones ; urban thermal environment ; differential surface temperature ; environmental indicators ; Shenzhen ; surface urban heat island ; SUHI ; LST ; seasonal hysteresis ; MODIS ; ESA-CCI ; Köppen–Geiger climate zones ; urbanization ; sustainable cities ; green space ; impervious surface ; Kathmandu ; temporal and spatial variation ; Zhengzhou city ; neighboring environment ; seasonal effect ; scale effect ; optimal spatial scale ; extreme gradient boosting regression ; urban vegetation ; urban heat island effect ; landscape patterns ; spatial correlation ; Landsat 8 ; urban thermal security pattern ; surface temperature ; circuit theory ; research framework ; Wuhan urban agglomeration ; China ; thermal environment ; heat island intensity ; spatio-temporal characteristics ; local spatial pattern ; land use ; regression analysis ; mono-window algorithm ; land indices ; correlation coefficients ; directional profiling ; hotspots (Getis–Ord Gi* statistics) ; MODIS night-time LST ; Prayagraj city ; air quality ; GeoDetector ; habitat quality ; urban remote sensing ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    BDS/GNSS for Earth Observation (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint of the Special Issue "BDS/GNSS for Earth Observation” highlights and discusses major aspects of Earth monitoring. Among the most noteworthy works are articles presenting variations in the plasmaspheric total electron content (TEC) and correlations between the seismo-ionospheric anomalies of GNSS-TEC and earthquake energy. Those addressing the analysis of the Earth's ionosphere employ two new methods developed for determining the optimal thin layer ionospheric height in the polar regions and for estimating the multi-GNSS differential code bias without using the ionospheric function model. In addition, the troposphere is investigated using a modified interpolation method of multi-reference station tropospheric delay. There are two papers addressing precise orbit determination, employing the Haiyang-2b altimetry satellite and GRACE-FO antenna phase center modeling. Works on GNSS signals are also published, with variations in multi-channel differential code biases from new BDS-3 signal observations, and the modelling and assessment of a new triple-frequency IF1213 PPP with BDS/GPS. Furthermore, GNSS precipitable water vapor (PWV) and its applications are discussed with regard to individual station meteorological data, while three other works examine improvements in iGNSS-R ocean altimetric precision, maritime multiple moving target detection using multiple-BDS radar, and a regional groundwater storage anomaly by combining GNSSs and surface mass load data. Lastly, a review addressing the application of multi-GNSS for Earth observation and its emerging applications is presented.
    Keywords: plasmasphere ; PTEC ; GPS ; GCPM ; F10.7 index ; GPS meteorology ; weighted mean temperature ; precipitable water vapor ; radiosonde ; NRTK ; PPP ; static ; congruence ; GNSS ; CORS ; thin layer ionospheric height (TLIH) ; mapping function ; dG-TLIH technique ; global navigation satellite system (GNSS) ; height of maximum density of the F2 layer (hmF2) ; VRS ; tropospheric delay ; interpolation ; GNSS positioning ; GNSS meteorology ; MERRA-2 ; sliding window algorithm ; tropospheric parameters ; HY-2B ; precise orbit determination ; empirical accelerations model ; satellite laser ranging ; GPS antenna phase center ; single-receiver ambiguity resolution ; single receiver ambiguity resolution ; phase center variation (PCV) calibration ; GRACE-FO satellites ; GPS time-series analysis ; common mode error ; independent component analysis ; seasonal signals ; surface mass loading ; coherent integration time optimization model ; global navigation satellite systems reflectometry (GNSS-R) ; ocean altimetry precision ; waveform correlation ; signal optimization processing ; global navigation satellite system reflectometry (GNSS-R) ; Beidou navigation satellite system (BDS) ; Doppler compensation ; range resolution ; BeiDou Global Navigation Satellite System (BDS-3) ; Differential Code Biases (DCBs) ; multi-channel ; ionospheric correction ; earthquake energy ; total electron content ; global ionosphere maps ; seismo-ionospheric anomaly ; differential code bias (DCB) ; global navigation satellite systems (GNSS) ; multi-GNSS experiments (MGEX) ; total electron content (TEC) ; GNSS ionosphere ; GNSS-Reflectometry ; GeoHazards ; ground water storage ; surface mass load ; groundwater monitoring station ; remove-restore method ; BDS ; triple-frequency signals ; IFCB ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 3
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    Coastal Morphodynamics (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Every year, a number of new forest pathosystems are discovered as the result of introduction of alien pathogens, host shifts and jumps, hybridization and recombination among pathogens, etc. Disease outbreaks may also be favored by climate change and forest management. The mechanisms driving the resurgence of native pathogens and the invasion of alien ones need to be better understood in order to draft sustainable control strategies. For this Special Issue, we welcome population biology studies providing insights on the epidemiology and invasiveness of emergent forest pathogens possibly by contrasting different scenarios varying in pathogen and host populations size, genetics, phenotype and phenology, landscape fragmentation, occurrence of disturbances, management practices, etc. Both experimental and monitoring approaches are welcome. In summary, this special issue focuses on how variability in hosts, pathogens, or ecology may affect the emergence of new threats to plant species.
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Fungi ; Alien species ; Genetic variability ; Disease outbreaks ; Disturbances ; Forest Management ; Forest pathogens ; Invasion ; Landscape fragmentation ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 4
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    Star Carr (2023)
    White Rose University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Star Carr is one of the most important Mesolithic sites in Europe. It was discovered in the late 1940s by John Moore and then excavated by Grahame Clark from 1949-1951, becoming famous in the archaeological world for the wealth of rare organic remains uncovered including barbed antler points and antler headdresses. However, since the original excavations there has been much debate about how the site was used: was it a residential base camp, a hunting camp or even a ritual site? From 2003-2015, excavations directed by Conneller, Milner and Taylor aimed to answer these questions. This work has demonstrated that the site is much larger and more complex than ever imagined and was in use for around 800 years. The excavations show that Mesolithic groups were highly invested in this place: there is evidence for a number of structures on the dryland (the oldest evidence for ‘houses’ in Britain), three large wooden platforms along the edge of the lake, and the deposition of rare artefacts into the lake edge, including more antler headdresses and a unique, engraved shale pendant. People continued to occupy the site despite changes in climate over this period. The main results of our work are contained in two volumes: the first provides an interpretation of the site, and the second provides detail on specific areas of research. The main results of our work are contained in two volumes: the first volume provides an interpretation of the site, and the second volume provides detail on specific areas of research.
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Geography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
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  • 5
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    Advanced Technologies for Position and Navigation under GNSS Signal Challenging or Denied Environments (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Currently, with the popularity of smart devices, assured Position Navigation and Time (PNT) is critical for these devices and some fundamental infrastructures, i.e., the power grid. The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is dominant in providing PNT information due to its coverage and high accuracy. However, its signals are weak, and it is vulnerable; multipath and None-Line-Of-Signals (NLOS) are the major errors that occur with regard to the GNSS in applications in urban areas. Advanced signal processing methods are expected to improve its resilience and assurance. In addition, the GNSS is fragile to interference and spoofing, which should be emphasized for unmanned systems and smart devices. This Special Issue aimed to provide a platform for researchers to publish innovative work on the advanced technologies for position and navigation under GNSS signal-challenging or -denied environments.
    Keywords: differential GNSS ; DBA ; low-cost ; combined positioning ; multi-sensor fusion ; visual point and line feature ; SLAM ; LiDAR-visual-inertial odometry ; forest point cloud ; Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) ; Terrestrial Laser Scanning (TLS) ; canopy cover ; event camera ; feature tracking ; intensity/inertial integration ; pseudorange positioning ; branch and bound ; nonlinear least squares ; eLoran ; trust region reflective algorithm ; initialization ; LiDAR-inertial odometry ; point cloud registration ; visual SLAM ; instance segmentation ; neural network ; pose estimation ; GNSS ; IMU ; urban positioning ; fault detection and exclusion ; LIDAR ; coupling methods ; mobile RTK ; low-cost GNSS receiver ; positioning accuracy ; LiDAR data ; tree characteristics ; terrain conditions ; precision forestry ; TreeNet ; geographic object-based approach ; commercial forests ; step detection ; indoor positioning ; unconstrained state ; peak detectors ; adaptive threshold ; variable sliding window ; visibility graph ; computational geometry ; path planning ; mapping ; tightly-coupled integration ; LIDAR-inertial SLAM ; rod-shaped and planar feature ; sliding-window ; graph optimization framework ; INS/GNSS integrated navigation ; CNN-GRU ; CKF ; GNSS outage ; multi-GNSS ; real-time kinematic ; maximum correntropy criterion ; Kalman filter ; wide-lane ; ionosphere-free ; GNSS/INS ; 3D LiDAR ; fault detection ; localization ; integrity assessment ; cooperation SLAM ; multi robot system ; UAV ; UGV ; map assistance ; particle filter ; global search algorithm ; pedestrian navigation ; Simultaneous Localization and Mapping ; autonomous driving ; high definition map ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 6
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    GNSS-R Earth Remote Sensing from SmallSats (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint of the Special Issue “GNSS-R Earth Remote Sensing from SmallSats” includes a compilation of research articles concerning the pioneering NASA CYGNSS mission and potential future constellations of GNSS-R SmallSats for Earth remote sensing. This reprint is composed of different sections, covering various scientific applications such as ocean wind speed, ocean altimetry, inland water bodies, and soil moisture content. The use of GNSS-R techniques by the future constellations of SmallSats could overcome several limitations of more classical remote sensing techniques; for example, passive microwave radiometry and synthetic aperture radar. Present and upcoming GNSS-R missions include BuFeng-1, Fengyun-3 series, Spire Global and Muon Space commercial constellations, ESA’s HydroGNSS and PRETTY, TASA TRITON, etc. The outcome of this reprint aims to leverage state-of-the-art procedures and techniques by present and future mission science teams.
    Keywords: GNSS-R ocean surface wind speed ; GNSS-R ocean altimetry ; GNSS-R inland water bodies ; GNSS-R soil moisture content ; GNSS-R ionosphere ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 7
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    Agent-Based Modelling and Landscape Change (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The use of agent-based models (ABMs) and modelling for understanding landscape change and dynamics continues to grow. One reason for the popularity of ABMs is that they provide a framework to represent multiple, discrete, multi-faceted, heterogeneous actors (human or otherwise) and their relationships and interactions between one another and their environment, through time and across space. This collection showcases innovative uses of ABMs for investigating and explaining landscape change and dynamics and to explore and identify how researchers in different disciplines can learn from one another to further innovate. The diverse range of processes and landscapes that ABMs are currently used to examine is clearly demonstrated, including: land-use decision making in agricultural landscapes; soil erosion in semi-arid environments; forest change in mountainous landscapes; trade in 1st Century BC southern France; social adaptations of herders in northern Mongolia; and malaria epidemiology in Kenya. A range of agent-based representation is used from the implied presence of agents, through comparing heterogeneous vs. aggregated representation of human activity, to alternative means of parameterizing individual agent behaviour. The collection will be of interest to all interested in innovative agent-based modelling for understanding landscape change, its causes and consequences for sustainability in the Anthropocene.
    Keywords: G1-922 ; innovation ; landscape change ; agent-based models ; simulation ; spatial ; modelling ; interdisciplinary ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 8
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    Remote Sensing for Coastal and Aquatic Ecosystems’ Monitoring and Biodiversity Management (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Environmental management and the preservation of biodiversity are widely considered a priority in the context of accelerating global changes affecting the physical and biological resources of our planet. This Special Issue of the journal will focus on “Coastal and Aquatic Ecosystems”. The coastal region is a transition area between terrestrial and marine ecosystems. This transition area is now considered an important component of the biosphere, both in terms of ecosystems’ diversity and in the provision of resources and services. Moreover, the coastal region is home to a significant number of distinct biological communities, including coral reefs, mangroves, salt meadows and wetlands, phanerogam meadows, and kelp forests, estuarine assemblages or coastal lagoons, forests, and grasslands. The diversity of coastal ecosystems is directly threatened by human activity. Remote sensing meets this challenge by offering a wide range of standard products on environmental coastal condition, thanks in particular to various state-of-the-art sensors. The development of innovative methods based on the integration of multi-source, multi-resolution, and multi-temporal images offers promising prospects for considering the different scales of ecosystems. Consequently, the products derived from remote sensing contribute to the development of temporal and spatial indicators for better knowledge and management of coastal and aquatic ecosystems.
    Keywords: Remote sensing ; Coastal and aquatic ecosystems ; Biodiversity management ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 9
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    Causes and Consequences of Species Diversity in Forest Ecosystems (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: What are the causes and consequences of species diversity in forested ecosystems, and how is this species diversity being affected by rapid environmental and climatic change, movement of invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores into new biogeographic regions, and expanding human populations and associated shifts in land-use patterns? In this book, we explore these questions for assemblages of forest trees, shrubs, and understory herbs at spatial scales ranging from small plots to large forest dynamics plots, at temporal scales ranging from seasons to centuries, in both temperate and tropical regions, and across rural-to-urban gradients in land use.
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; gamma diversity ; tree species ; Climatic change ; individual species-area relationship ; woody species ; TILD ; trees ; Pseudotsuga menziesii ; windthrow ; precipitation ; species conservation ; spatial analysis ; codispersion analysis ; variation partitioning ; herbaceous perennial species ; northern hardwood forests ; climate change ; stand development ; potential habitats ; Smithsonian ForestGEO ; tree regeneration ; forest conversion ; Biodiversity Exploratories ; trunk breakage ; topography ; questionnaire survey ; mid-domain effect ; assemblage lineage diversity ; Salicaceae ; salvaging ; temperate forests ; Shannon diversity ; USDA Forest Service ; tree species diversity ; Bray-Curtis ; species-area relationship ; Ericaceae ; legacies ; Picea abies ; herbaceous layer ; spatial patterns ; mountains ; United States ; wind damage ; abundance ; Hubbard Brook ; elevational shifts ; uprooting ; species diversity ; evolutionary diversity ; Pinus sylvestris ; natural disturbance-based silviculture ; Vietnam ; diversity ; Maxent ; human footprint ; productivity ; China ; microarthropod ; phylogenetic diversity ; temperature ; household respondents ; succession ; biodiversity ; tornado ; salvage logging ; excess nitrogen ; climate ; forest management ; understory plant communities ; Simpson diversity ; species richness ; landscape scale ; structural complexity ; tropical evergreen mixed forest ; seasonal variations ; disturbance severity ; competition and facilitation ; canopy structure ; Fagus sylvatica ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 10
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    Remote Sensing Applications for Agriculture and Crop Modelling (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Crop models and remote sensing techniques have been combined and applied in agriculture and crop estimation on local and regional scales, or worldwide, based on the simultaneous development of crop models and remote sensing. The literature shows that many new remote sensing sensors and valuable methods have been developed for the retrieval of canopy state variables and soil properties from remote sensing data for assimilating the retrieved variables into crop models. At the same time, remote sensing has been used in a staggering number of applications for agriculture. This book sets the context for remote sensing and modelling for agricultural systems as a mean to minimize the environmental impact, while increasing production and productivity. The eighteen papers published in this Special Issue, although not representative of all the work carried out in the field of Remote Sensing for agriculture and crop modeling,
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; nitrogen nutrition index ; n/a ; soil organic carbon ; yield estimation ; hyperspectral sensor ; crop modeling ; crop residue management ; land use change ; flat-fan atomizer ; vegetation index ; septoria tritici blotch ; crop simulation model ; temporal variability ; spectral-weight variations in fused images ; plant ; EPIC model ; large cardamom ; crop inventory ; proximal sensing ; sorghum biomass ; soil ; UAV ; Integrated Administration and Control System ; canopy temperature depression ; fractional cover ; Cropsim-CERES Wheat ; hyperspectral data ; yield ; wheat ; precision farming ; SPAD ; AquaCrop ; prediction modeling ; spectral simulation ; leaf nitrogen concentration ; machine learning ; crop production ; protein content ; Á Trous algorithm ; spatial variability ; variable rate technology ; crop type mapping ; Tarim Basin ; leaf area index ; management zone ; irrigation ; multi-spectral ; agricultural land-cover ; crop modelling ; dynamic model ; satellite images ; climate change ; control variables ; generalized model ; Sentinel-2 satellite imagery ; vegetation indices ; vegetable monitoring ; Sentinel-2 ; remote sensing ; cultivars ; crop growth model ; yield monitoring ; big data technology ; conservation agriculture ; GIS ; fAPAR ; droplet drift ; simulation analysis ; durum wheat ; hydroponic ; grain yield ; Leaf Area Index ; NDVI ; precision agriculture ; relative frequencies ; soil stoichiometry ; habitat assessment ; data assimilation ; satellite ; species modelling ; ?13C ; disease ; nitrogen ; yield mapping ; UAV chemical application ; RGB images ; decision support system for agrotechnology transfer (DSSAT) ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 11
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    Precise Point Positioning with GPS, GLONASS, BeiDou, and Galileo (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The potential of global navigation satellite systems (GNSSs) as an efficient tool in providing precise positioning has been widely recognized. In particular, the precise point positioning (PPP) technique is receiving increasing interest due to its cost-effectiveness, global coverage, and high accuracy. In addition, the emergence of multiple satellite navigation systems, including BDS, Galileo, modernized GPS, and GLONASS, brings great opportunities and challenges for PPP. For instance, the additional frequency as well as the new signal of BDS-3 and Galileo enables the fast convergence of PPP by efficient ambiguity resolution (AR). More recently, besides the standard point positioning, BDS, Galileo, as well as QZSS have also provided the satellite-based PPP service. Obviously, the development of multi-frequency multi-GNSS and their built-in PPP service has popularized the use of PPP as an efficiency technique in navigation, timing, as well as geoscience applications.
    Keywords: multi-GNSS ; precise point positioning (PPP) ; BDS ; GPS ; GLONASS ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 12
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    Earth Observation (EO), Remote Sensing (RS), and Geoinformation (GI) Applications in Svalbard (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Earth observation (EO), remote sensing (RS), and geoinformation (GI) technologies play a critical role in the study of Svalbard's environment, providing insights into the region's changes and supporting decision-making processes. This reprint presents a comprehensive overview of the applications of EO and RS technologies in Svalbard, covering a wide range of topics related to the environment. It includes contributions from leading experts in the field, providing insights into the current state of the art and future directions for research. The reprint starts by introducing the status of EO and RS in Svalbard, providing a solid foundation for readers new to the field. It then delves into specific applications of these technologies, including the monitoring of glaciers, snow cover, and permafrost using ground-, space-, and air-based RS platforms. Overall, this book aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the applications of EO and RS technologies in Svalbard, highlighting their importance in understanding and addressing the challenges faced by the region. It will be a valuable resource for researchers, students, policymakers, and practitioners in the fields of environmental science, geography, and remote sensing.
    Keywords: snow cover ; remote sensing ; sea ice variability ; vegetation growth ; arctic climate change ; Arctic aerosol ; aerosol transport ; aged aerosol ; aerosol modification ; aerosol optical properties ; aerosol microphysical properties ; aerosol remote sensing ; microphysical inversion ; aerosol radiative effect ; Arctic radiative budget ; earth observation ; COVID-19 ; Svalbard ; earth system science ; SIOS ; polar regions ; snow modelling ; MODIS ; Sentinel-2 ; permafrost ; active layer ; InSAR ; time series ; ground displacement ; ground temperature ; displacement progression ; thaw progression ; Arctic ; NDVI ; time-series ; onset of growth ; classifier ; disturbance ; drone ; ecological monitoring ; GLCM ; herbivore ; random forest ; winter climate effect ; grubbing ; Arctic clouds ; cirrus clouds ; ice clouds ; lidar ; ocean eddies ; marginal ice zone ; sea ice ; SAR imaging ; Fram Strait ; Greenland Sea ; Hopen Island ; Arctic Ocean ; tidewater glaciers ; surface elevation changes ; glacier geometry ; structure-from-motion ; terrestrial laser scanning ; digital elevation model ; ICESat-2 ; laser altimetry ; kinematic GPS experiments ; glaciology ; surge glaciers ; svalbard ; density dimension algorithm for ice surfaces ; airborne validation of satellite data ; lake ice ; Sentinel-1 ; water temperature ; glacier facies ; atmospheric correction ; pansharpening ; WorldView-2 ; Ny-Ålesund ; Chandra–Bhaga basin ; target detection ; supervised classification ; Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 ; time series analysis ; snow melt ; tundra ; plant phenology ; ice cover ; Antarctic ; spectral reflectance ; hyperspectral data ; ocean colour ; coastal darkening ; SPM ; sediment plumes ; Arctic coast ; regional tuning ; coastal ecosystems ; land-ocean-interaction ; riverine inputs ; geographic object-based image analysis ; glacier surface facies ; surface facies of glaciers ; pixel-based image analysis ; atmospheric corrections ; image processing routines ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 13
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    Space-Geodetic Techniques (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint focuses on applications of different Space Geodetic Techniques on Earth exploration and geodetic research. The topics range from the classical estimation of Earth observation at high precision, to more comprehensive aims and scales. Special attention is given to the new orbit determination method, development status and service performance of the BeiDou global navigation system, intersystem bias of satellite onboard receiver and precise orbit determination of low-earth-orbit vehicles, ultra-rapid satellite clock offset estimation, variability of GNSS-derived water vapor, refined gravity field modeling in China, local enhancement of marine gravity fields assisted by satellite SAR data, enhanced prediction models of universal time, etc.
    Keywords: ground and satellite gravimetry ; satellite altimetry ; positioning ; orbit determination ; atmosphere ; space weather ; global climate change ; geodynamics ; natural hazard monitoring ; earth rotation ; planetary geodesy ; GNSS-R&nbsp ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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  • 14
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    Land Use Changes and the Corresponding Ecological Risks (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint focuses on land use change processes and their driving mechanisms, ecological risks and eco-environmental effects. The spatio-temporal pattern changes and key driving factors of cultivated land, urban land, wetland, ecological land and mining land were studied at national or regional scales, such as in China, the Tibetan Plateau, the Yangtze River Delta, the Yellow River Basin, urban agglomeration and mountainous areas. The economic or ecological efficiency, ecological risks and environmental effects of typical land use changes, e.g., the effects of ecological restoration on critical services, the impact of planting structure changes on water resources and the impacts of urban expansion on food security and air pollution, as well as the environmental risks of chemical fertilizer application and coal-mining, were analyzed in depth using multi-source data and multiple methods. Revealing land use change characteristics and their potential ecological risks and impacts on food security, ecosystem services and climate change is an important basis for the sustainable development of social economies and ecosystems. The scientific methodologies, analyzed findings, systematic insights, and policy implications of this reprint will contribute to the advancement of knowledge and provide practical guidance for sustainable land management and land optimization to improve human wellbeing and eco-environment quality.
    Keywords: land use changes ; reclamation and abandonment of cropland ; urban expansion ; ecologically fragile areas ; ecosystem risk ; fragility of ecosystems ; ecological corridor ; ecosystem service ; ecological security ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    Remote Sensing of the Aquatic Environments (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The book highlights recent research efforts in the monitoring of aquatic districts with remote sensing observations and proximal sensing technology integrated with laboratory measurements. Optical satellite imagery gathered at spatial resolutions down to few meters has been used for quantitative estimations of harmful algal bloom extent and Chl-a mapping, as well as winds and currents from SAR acquisitions. The knowledge and understanding gained from this book can be used for the sustainable management of bodies of water across our planet.
    Keywords: polymer optical fibers ; ammonia detection ; optical fiber coating ; aquaculture ; French Alps ; optical remote sensing ; multitemporal ; linear spectral unmixing ; NDVI ; drought ; Rana temporaria ; ecohydrology ; mountain temporary pools ; Lake Tana ; water hyacinth ; waterbody temperature ; turbidity ; lake level ; Planetscope ; remote sensing ; sensors ; ocean color ; sediment ; turbid water ; chlorophyll ; geostationary satellite ; aquaculture ponds ; extraction ; inland lake ; self-attention ; Ulva ; Sentinel-2 ; satellite ; algal bloom ; coral reefs ; Pacific lagoons ; HAB ; multi-source remote sensing ; MODIS ; Landsat ; sentinel ; Chaohu Lake ; ecological status class of lakes ; European Union Water Framework Directive (2000/60/EC) ; water quality parameters ; water level ; Sentinel-3 ; Cryosat-2 ; shallow lakes ; synergy ; altimetry data ; optical data ; CDOM absorbance ; spectroscopic indices ; DOC ; Arctic ; shelf seas ; estuarial and coastal areas ; drone applications ; surface water ; groundwater ; photogrammetry ; optical sensing ; thermal infrared ; deep learning ; convolutional neural network ; chlorophyll-a ; hydrodynamic model ; empirical models ; multiple regression ; Paldang Reservoir ; SAR ; Doppler Centroid Anomaly ; inland waters ; physical limnology ; hydrodynamics ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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    Cartography and Geomedia (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The Special Issue “Cartography and Geomedia” presents a view of cartography as a combination of technology, science, and art, with a focus on the development of geomedia in a geomatic and design-based context. Individual considerations are presented according to the following topics: efficiency of mapping techniques; historical cartographic works in a geomedial context; cartographic pragmatics for cultural heritage, teaching, and tourism; and pragmatism in gaming cartography. The main conclusion is that the two approaches to learning, revealing, and understanding geographic phenomena—starting from a specific geographical phenomenon and starting from maps and geomedia to understand geographical space—have their pragmatic strengths.
    Keywords: cartography ; geomedia ; map ; symbol efficiency ; virtual reality ; geovisualization ; gaming cartography ; geographical space ; mapping techniques ; cartographic pragmatics ; eye tracking ; 3D modeling ; historio-geographical video ; map information potential ; virtual globe ; 3D visual parameters ; web-mapping ; geomedial teaching ; multimedia materials ; augmented reality ; topographic map ; mini-map ; pragmatics ; geographical phenomenon ; geographic information ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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    Advanced Machine Learning and Deep Learning Approaches for Remote Sensing (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint provides research on how technologies such as artificial intelligence-based machine learning and deep learning can be applied to remote sensing. Through this, we can see the process of solving the existing problems of image and image signal processing for remote sensing. These techniques are computationally intensive and require the help of high-performance computing devices. With the development of devices such as GPUs, remote sensing technology, and aerial sensing technology, it is possible to monitor the Earth with high-resolution images and to obtain vast amounts of Earth observation data. The papers published in this reprint describe recent advances in big data processing and artificial intelligence-based technologies for remote sensing technology.
    Keywords: live fuel moisture content ; deep learning ; ensemble learning ; multi-source remote sensing ; spatiotemporal fusion ; dilated convolution ; improved transformer encoder ; global correlation information ; semantic segmentation ; attention mechanism ; robust deep learning ; remote sensing ; data fusion ; low-light image enhancement ; retinex theory ; remote-sensing ; orbital angular momentum ; mode detection ; fine-grained image classification ; attention pyramid ; atmospheric turbulence ; sea surface temperature ; mutual information ; LSTM ; self-attention ; interdimensional attention ; noise suppression deblurring ; curriculum learning ; image reconstruction ; turbulence degradation ; depthwise separable convolutional neural networks ; spectrogram augmentation ; sound detection ; vehicle detection ; image super-resolution ; model design ; evaluation methods ; maritime communication ; evaporation duct ; multi-dimensional prediction model ; digital surface model ; multimodal ; multi-scale supervision ; feature separation ; reconstruction refinement ; significant wave height ; autoencoder ; principal component analysis ; SAR ; altimeter ; Gaussian process regression ; convolutional neural network ; computer vision ; solar farm ; solar panel ; capacity estimation ; photovoltaics ; optical remote sensing ; peri-urban forests ; lightweight convolutional neural network ; FlexibleNet ; carbon sequestration ; semi-supervised learning ; few-shot learning ; SAR target recognition ; discriminative representation learning ; remote image ; CNN ; multiscale feature fusion ; Transformer ; improved Tversky loss ; two-step convolution model ; cloud detection ; cloud matting ; cloud removal ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    Assessing Sustainability over Space and Time: The Emerging Roles of GIScience and Remote Sensing (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Sustainability is a critical global challenge that requires comprehensive assessments of environmental, social, and economic indicators. The formulation of the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) represents a significant leap forward in humanity's pursuit of sustainability. The SDGs now serve as a shared platform for global development, guiding current actions towards and shaping visions of a sustainable future. Monitoring progress towards the SDGs and sustainability in general is essential. This is true not only at the global and national scales, but also at the subnational and landscape levels. Geographic information science (GIScience) and remote sensing (RS) have made significant advances in these areas. These breakthroughs include the increasing availability of geospatial data, a development which plays a crucial role in this regard. This Special Issue aimed to bring together novel contributions on the assessment of sustainability and sustainability-related indicators over space and time using geospatial data, tools, and techniques (GIScience and RS). This publication contains 11 peer-reviewed papers, including two review articles and nine research articles.
    Keywords: sustainable development ; Earth observation ; SDG indicators ; EO4SDG ; SDG global indicator framework ; global SDG indicators database ; social-ecological indicators ; Urban Surface Ecological Status (USES) ; Remotely Sensed Surface Ecological Index (RSUSEI) ; sustainability ; impervious surfaces ; US cities ; National Land Cover Database (NLCD) ; wetland ; muthurajawela marsh and negombo lagoon ; socio-ecological ; spatio-temporal analysis ; urban ecology ; remote sensing ; conflict resources monitoring ; disease control and prevention ; human rights ; genocide tracking ; human rights violation ; geopolitics ; population mapping ; Landsat ; deep learning ; multi-temporal ; ResNet-N ; Google Earth Engine ; China ; SDGs ; remote sensing ecological index ; ecological protection ; principal component analysis ; entropy value method ; spatial autocorrelation ; Wuhan city ; M-RSEQI ; DMSP ; entropy method ; coupling coordination degree model ; remote sensing data ; urbanization ; sustainable development path ; life service resources ; spatial justice ; GIScience ; Beijing ; SDG11 ; geospatial big data ; sustainable development goals ; earth observation ; Guilin ; intra-urban heat island ; space-time ; GIS ; land use and land cover change ; shifting cultivation ; tropical forest gain and loss ; topographic factors ; distance to roads ; logistic regression ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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     Ocean Remote Sensing with Synthetic Aperture Radar (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The ocean covers approximately 71% of the Earth’s surface, 90% of the biosphere and contains 97% of Earth’s water. The Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) can image the ocean surface in all weather conditions and day or night. SAR remote sensing on ocean and coastal monitoring has become a research hotspot in geoscience and remote sensing. This book—Progress in SAR Oceanography—provides an update of the current state of the science on ocean remote sensing with SAR. Overall, the book presents a variety of marine applications, such as, oceanic surface and internal waves, wind, bathymetry, oil spill, coastline and intertidal zone classification, ship and other man-made objects’ detection, as well as remotely sensed data assimilation. The book is aimed at a wide audience, ranging from graduate students, university teachers and working scientists to policy makers and managers. Efforts have been made to highlight general principles as well as the state-of-the-art technologies in the field of SAR Oceanography.
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Radar ; Ocean ; Remote Sensing ; Sea Surface ; Extreme Weather ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    Star Carr (2023)
    White Rose University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Star Carr is one of the most important Mesolithic sites in Europe. It was discovered in the late 1940s by John Moore and then excavated by Grahame Clark from 1949-1951, becoming famous in the archaeological world for the wealth of rare organic remains uncovered including barbed antler points and antler headdresses. However, since the original excavations there has been much debate about how the site was used: was it a residential base camp, a hunting camp or even a ritual site? From 2003-2015, excavations directed by Conneller, Milner and Taylor aimed to answer these questions. This work has demonstrated that the site is much larger and more complex than ever imagined and was in use for around 800 years. The excavations show that Mesolithic groups were highly invested in this place: there is evidence for a number of structures on the dryland (the oldest evidence for ‘houses’ in Britain), three large wooden platforms along the edge of the lake, and the deposition of rare artefacts into the lake edge, including more antler headdresses and a unique, engraved shale pendant. People continued to occupy the site despite changes in climate over this period. The main results of our work are contained in two volumes: the first provides an interpretation of the site, and the second provides detail on specific areas of research. The main results of our work are contained in two volumes: the first volume provides an interpretation of the site, and the second volume provides detail on specific areas of research.
    Keywords: Archaeology ; Geography ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NK Archaeology
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    Remote Sensing Based Building Extraction II (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Building extraction from remote sensing data plays an important role in geospatial applications such as urban planning, disaster management, navigation, and updating geographic databases. The rapid development of image processing techniques and the accessibility of very-high-resolution multispectral, hyperspectral, LiDAR, and SAR remote sensing images have further boosted research on building-extraction-related topics. In particular, to meet the recent demand for advanced artificial intelligence models, many research institutes and associations have provided open source datasets and annotated training data, presenting new opportunities to develop advanced approaches for building extraction and monitoring. Hence, there are higher expectations of the efficiency, accuracy, and robustness of building extraction approaches. Additionally, they should meet the demand for processing large city-, national-, and global-scale datasets. Moreover, learning and dealing with imperfect training data remains a challenge, as does unexpected objects in urban scenes such as trees, clouds, and shadows. In addition to building masks, more research has arisen on the automatic generation of LoD2/3 building models from remote sensing data. This follow-up Special Issue of “Remote Sensing-based Building Extraction”, has collected more research on cutting-edge approaches to essential urban processes such as 3D reconstruction, automatic building segmentation, and 3D roof modelling.
    Keywords: building extraction ; high-resolution remote-sensing image ; semantic edge detection ; semantic segmentation ; building footprint ; map vectorization ; convolutional neural network ; airborne LiDAR ; graph segmentation ; object primitive ; geometric feature ; road extraction ; high-resolution image ; hyperspectral image ; synthetic aperture radar (SAR) ; light detection and ranging (LiDAR) ; farmland range ; attention enhancement ; U-Net network improvement ; multi-source remote sensing image ; building model ; reconstruction ; half-space ; LiDAR data ; urban scale ; interactive segmentation network ; deep learning ; iterative training ; remote sensing images ; spatial attention ; global information awareness ; cross level information fusion ; dense matching ; convolutional neural networks ; end-to-end ; pyramid architecture ; building reconstruction ; LiDAR ; point clouds ; integer programming ; airborne Earth observation ; ultrahigh spatial resolution ; instance segmentation ; fully convolutional neural networks ; roofscape ; remote sensing building extraction ; building photovoltaic ; self-supervised learning ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    Hidden Depths (2022)
    White Rose University Press | White Rose University Press
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    Publication Date: 2022-12-06
    Description: In Hidden Depths, Professor Penny Spikins explores how our emotional connections have shaped human ancestry. Focusing on three key transitions in human origins, Professor Spikins explains how the emotional capacities of our early ancestors evolved in response to ecological changes, much like similar changes in other social mammals. For each transition, dedicated chapters examine evolutionary pressures, responses in changes in human emotional capacities and the archaeological evidence for human social behaviours. Starting from our earliest origins, in Part One, Professor Spikins explores how after two million years ago, movement of human ancestors into a new ecological niche drove new types of collaboration, including care for vulnerable members of the group. Emotional adaptations lead to cognitive changes, as new connections based on compassion, generosity, trust and inclusion also changed our relationship to material things. Part Two explores a later key transition in human emotional capacities occurring after 300,000 years ago. At this time changes in social tolerance allowed ancestors of our own species to further reach out beyond their local group and care about distant allies, making human communities resilient to environmental changes. An increasingly close relationship to animals, and even to cherished possessions, appeared at this time, and can be explained through new human vulnerabilities and ways of seeking comfort and belonging. Lastly, Part Three focuses on the contrasts in emotional dispositions arising between ourselves and our close cousins, the Neanderthals. Neanderthals are revealed as equally caring yet emotionally different humans, who might, if things had been different, have been in our place today. This new narrative breaks away from traditional views of human evolution as exceptional or as a linear progression towards a more perfect form. Instead, our evolutionary history is situated within similar processes occurring in other mammals, and explained as one in which emotions, rather than ‘intellect’, were key to our evolutionary journey. Moreover, changes in emotional capacities and dispositions are seen as part of differing pathways each bringing strengths, weaknesses and compromises. These hidden depths provide an explanation for many of the emotional sensitivities and vulnerabilities which continue to influence our world today.
    Keywords: Human demography ; Group size ; Lithic transfers ; Raw material movements ; Bonobos ; Dog burial ; Comfort ; Symbolic objects ; Symbolism ; Mobiliary art ; Attachment fluidity ; Hypersociability ; Human-animal relationships ; Dog domestication ; Attachment object ; Approachability ; Approach behaviour ; Avoidance behaviour ; Androgens ; Physiological responses ; Cognitive Archaeology ; Autism Spectrum Condition ; Handaxe ; Biface ; Neurodiversity ; Palaeolithic stone tools ; Evolution of neurodiversity ; Rock art ; Ice age art ; Material Culture ; Cultural transmission ; Emotional commitment ; Biopsychosocial approach ; Social tolerance ; Attachment ; Genus Homo ; Acheulian ; Cultural evolution ; Skeletal abnormality ; Injury ; Illness ; Interdependence ; Emotional sensitivity ; Moral emotions ; Evolution of Altruism ; Hominins ; Upper Palaeolithic ; Lower Palaeolithic ; Ecological niche ; Selective pressure ; Behavioural ecology ; Wolves ; Affective empathy ; Cognitive empathy ; Theory of mind ; Human Cognition ; Vulnerability ; Evolutionary Psychology ; Developmental psychology ; Helping behaviours ; Social cognition ; Social mammals ; Human Emotion ; Human social collaboration ; Generosity ; Emotional brain ; Social emotions ; Comparative behaviour ; Evolution ; Social carnivores ; Primate behavioural ecology ; Primate social systems ; Human Evolution ; Human ancestors ; Collaboration ; Evolutionary Biology ; Emotional vulnerability ; Social connection ; Decolonisation ; Social networks ; Middle Palaeolithic ; Community resilience ; Convergent evolution ; Chimpanzee ; Origin of modern humans ; Social safeness ; Wolf domestication ; Cherished possessions ; Compensatory attachment ; Loneliness ; Palaeolithic art ; Stress reactivity ; Bonding hormones ; Humans ; Hunter-gatherers ; Intergroup collaboration ; Tolerance ; Emotional connection ; Autism ; Trust ; Early Prehistory ; Palaeopathology ; Origins of healthcare ; Human self-domestication ; Palaeolithic Archaeology ; Social brain ; Care-giving ; Empathy ; Neanderthals ; Compassion ; Social Connection ; Evolution of Emotions ; Human Origins ; Adaptation ; Prehistory ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHM Anthropology ; bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HD Archaeology ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JP Politics & government::JPW Political activism::JPWQ Revolutionary groups & movements ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JM Psychology
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    Remote Sensing in Forest Fire Monitoring and Post-fire Damage Analysis (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: More than half of the land surface on Earth can burn, and thus, fires are one of the most significant disturbances worldwide. Fires affecting forests are of great interest owing to the impacts they have on multiple provisioning and regulating ecosystem services. In this context, in which large portions of the Earth are affected by forest fires, remote sensing tools are essential equipment in fire-related assessments at multiple stages, including (I) the characterization of fire drivers and the development of predictive models, (II) the assessment of burned area, (III) the impact of the fire on soil and vegetation, and (IV) the post-fire recovery monitoring. In this reprint, we have compiled 10 research articles addressing these four topics and employing a wide variety of methodologies and remote sensing platforms (MSG, MODIS, Landsat, Sentinel-2 or airborne LiDAR).
    Keywords: wildfire fuel loadings ; sampling-based inventory data ; ordinary cokriging method ; regression analysis ; lidar remote sensing ; Mediterranean ecosystems ; convergence of evidence ; accuracy assessment ; wildfire response ; multilabel classification ; data augmentation ; decision support systems ; transfer learning ; geostationary satellite observations ; wildfire regime ; biophysical drivers ; land surface temperature ; land cover type ; trends ; Sentinel-2 ; post-fire severity ; initial fire assessment ; soil burn severity ; fire perimeter ; image compositing ; vegetation phenology ; live fuel moisture content ; wildfire ; MODIS ; spectral indices ; random forests ; elevation ; airborne laser scanning ; peatland ; carbon ; accuracy ; change detection ; disturbance ; fractional vegetation cover ; MESMA ; PROSAIL ; recovery ; fire impact ; post-fire forest recovery ; forest landscapes ; vegetation indices ; orthogonal transformation ; fire severity ; burn severity ; spatial patterns ; biomes ; continents ; climate warming ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    Multispectral and Hyperspectral Remote Sensing Data for Mineral Exploration and Environmental Monitoring of Mined Areas (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: In recent decades, remote sensing technology has been incorporated in numerous mineral exploration projects in metallogenic provinces around the world. Multispectral and hyperspectral sensors play a significant role in affording unique data for mineral exploration and environmental hazard monitoring. This book covers the advances of remote sensing data processing algorithms in mineral exploration, and the technology can be used in monitoring and decision-making in relation to environmental mining hazard. This book presents state-of-the-art approaches on recent remote sensing and GIS-based mineral prospectivity modeling, offering excellent information to professional earth scientists, researchers, mineral exploration communities and mining companies.
    Keywords: Toroud–Chahshirin Magmatic Belt (TCMB) ; remote sensing ; ASTER ; hydrothermally altered zones ; polymetallic vein-type mineralization ; emissivity ; emissivity normalization method ; dolomite ; phosphorite ; relative band depth (RBD) ; Bowers Terrane ; listvenite ; hydrothermal/metasomatic alteration minerals ; damage zones ; Northern Victoria Land ; Antarctica ; multispectral and radar data ; data fusion ; gold mineralization ; Wadi Beitan–Wadi Rahaba ; structural control ; Najd Fault System ; South Eastern Desert ; Egypt ; hyperspectral ; Goldstrike ; Carlin-type ; decarbonatization ; argillization ; Advanced Space borne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) ; Sentinel 2 ; Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data ; Egyptian Eastern Desert ; transpression and transtension zones ; Landsat-8 ; WorldView-3 ; the Inglefield Mobile Belt (IMB) ; copper-gold mineralization ; High Arctic regions ; epithermal gold ; hydrothermal alteration ; Ahar-Arasbaran region ; Landsat-7 ETM+ ; Bayesian Network Classifiers ; hyperspectral imaging ; drill-core ; SWIR ; mineral abundance mapping ; mineral association ; machine learning ; band ratios ; principal component analysis (PCA) ; fuzzy logic modeling ; Kashmar–Kerman tectonic zone (KKTZ) ; carbonate-hosted Pb-Zn mineralization ; Iran ; dimensionality reduction ; principal component analysis ; independent component analysis ; minimum noise fraction ; fuzzy logic ; riverbed ; metals ; electrical resistivity imaging ; tailings ; Mar Menor ; Cartagena–La Unión ; unmanned aerial systems ; multispectral ; magnetic ; geologic mapping ; drones ; UAV ; dust dispersion ; spectra ; canopy scale ; pixel scale ; mining area ; mineral exploration ; multispectral and hyperspectral data ; mining ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    Applications of Remote Sensing Data in Mapping of Forest Growing Stock and Biomass (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This Special Issue (SI), entitled "Applications of Remote Sensing Data in Mapping of Forest Growing Stock and Biomass”, resulted from 13 peer-reviewed papers dedicated to Forestry and Biomass mapping, characterization and accounting. The papers' authors presented improvements in Remote Sensing processing techniques on satellite images, drone-acquired images and LiDAR images, both aerial and terrestrial. Regarding the images’ classification models, all authors presented supervised methods, such as Random Forest, complemented by GIS routines and biophysical variables measured on the field, which were properly georeferenced. The achieved results enable the statement that remote imagery could be successfully used as a data source for regression analysis and formulation and, in this way, used in forestry actions such as canopy structure analysis and mapping, or to estimate biomass. This collection of papers, presented in the form of a book, brings together 13 articles covering various forest issues and issues in forest biomass calculation, constituting an important work manual for those who use mixed GIS and RS techniques.
    Keywords: AGB estimation and mapping ; mangroves ; UAV LiDAR ; WorldView-2 ; terrestrial laser scanning ; above-ground biomass ; nondestructive method ; DBH ; bark roughness ; Landsat dataset ; forest AGC estimation ; random forest ; spatiotemporal evolution ; aboveground biomass ; variable selection ; forest type ; machine learning ; subtropical forests ; Landsat 8 OLI ; seasonal images ; stepwise regression ; map quality ; subtropical forest ; urban vegetation ; biomass estimation ; Sentinel-2A ; Xuzhou ; forest biomass estimation ; forest inventory data ; multisource remote sensing ; biomass density ; ecosystem services ; trade-off ; synergy ; multiple ES interactions ; valley basin ; norway spruce ; LiDAR ; allometric equation ; individual tree detection ; tree height ; diameter at breast height ; GEOMON ; ALOS-2 L band SAR ; Sentinel-1 C band SAR ; Sentinel-2 MSI ; ALOS DSM ; stand volume ; support vector machine for regression ; ordinary kriging ; forest succession ; leaf area index ; plant area index ; machine learning algorithms ; forest growing stock volume ; SPOT6 imagery ; Pinus massoniana plantations ; sentinel 2 ; landsat ; remote sensing ; GIS ; shrubs biomass ; bioenergy ; vegetation indices ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    Sustainable Agriculture and Climate Change (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Sustainability covers environmental, social and economic dimensions, and requires a multi-disciplinary approach in order to examine, explore and critically engage with issues and advances in its related areas. As we are aware, climate change is a certainty and it affects many economic sectors, including agriculture, particularly production of crop and livestock enterprises. Vast regional differences in these impacts are expected for various parts of the world, culminating in changes in trade patterns, and perhaps eventually even threatening the food security in certain parts of the world. Agricultural sustainability may be especially threatened by climate extremes, such as heat waves, droughts, and floods. However, not all changes induced by climate change would be negative; some may even be positive. Undoubtedly, there would be winners and losers within a nation, as well as among countries. Achieving sustainability would require changes in the way we manage agriculture. Equally important in this discourse is to find solutions to achieve sustainability in the wake of climate change, one of the major threats to sustainability. This book is devoted to various aspect of sustainable agriculture and climate change and their interplay.
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Agricultural sustainability ; adaptation measures ; crops ; soils and water ; climate extremes ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    Spatio-Temporal Analysis of Urbanization Using GIS and Remote Sensing in Developing Countries (2022)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Over the last two decades, many researchers have focused on developing countries' urbanization patterns and processes. In this context, the scarcity of spatial data has been an obstacle to studying urbanization quantitatively, especially in Asian and African cities. The use of remote sensing data and geographical information systems (GIS) techniques can overcome the above limitations. Data on land use and land cover, land surface temperature, population density, and energy consumption can be extracted based on remote sensing at various spatial and temporal resolutions. GIS techniques can be used to analyze urbanization patterns and predict future patterns. Thus, the link between urbanization and sustainable urban development has increasingly become a principal issue in designing and developing sustainable cities at the local, regional, and global levels. This volume shows the spatiotemporal analysis of urbanization using GIS and remote sensing in developing countries, with a special emphasis on future urban sustainability in Asia and Africa. Capturing the spatial-temporal variation of urbanization patterns will help introduce proper sustainable urban planning in developing countries, especially for Asian and African cities.
    Keywords: LST ; urban-rural gradient ; sub-Saharan region ; Addis Ababa ; Ethiopia ; cellular automata ; spatial layout ; transportation infrastructure ; LUCC ; spatial patterns ; spatial differences ; DMSP-OLS ; China ; India ; landscape pattern ; industrial rural area ; rural landscape ; landscape ecology ; southern Jiangsu ; land use and cover ; land surface temperature ; built-up land ; agricultural land ; gradient analysis ; Nuwara Eliya ; Sri Lanka ; urban public space ; environment ; check-in data ; social media platform ; point of interest ; urbanization ; GIS ; urban development zones ; urban sustainability ; regression analysis ; GWR ; fragmentation ; non-agricultural conversion of rural land ; urban green space ; RSEI ; remote sensing ; ecological status ; dynamic motoring ; Pingtan Island ; urban land expansion ; spatial pattern ; driving forces ; Pearl River Delta ; urban agglomeration ; urban heat island ; impervious surface area ; biophysical composition index ; coastal city ; Xiamen ; surface urban heat island ; MODIS ; land cover ; habitat quality ; spatiotemporal analysis ; Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomeration ; urban planning ; LULC change ; transition matrix ; systematic transition ; Blantyre city ; life quality index (LQI) ; Kandy city ; AHP ; MCDM ; COVID-19 pandemic ; environmental quality ; PM10 concentration ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
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    Advances in Quantitative Remote Sensing in China – In Memory of Prof. Xiaowen Li (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: Quantitative land remote sensing has recently advanced dramatically, particularly in China. It has been largely driven by vast governmental investment, the availability of a huge amount of Chinese satellite data, geospatial information requirements for addressing pressing environmental issues and other societal benefits. Many individuals have also fostered and made great contributions to its development, and Prof. Xiaowen Li was one of these leading figures. This book is published in memory of Prof. Li. The papers collected in this book cover topics from surface reflectance simulation, inversion algorithm and estimation of variables, to applications in optical, thermal, Lidar and microwave remote sensing. The wide range of variables include directional reflectance, chlorophyll fluorescence, aerosol optical depth, incident solar radiation, albedo, surface temperature, upward longwave radiation, leaf area index, fractional vegetation cover, forest biomass, precipitation, evapotranspiration, freeze/thaw snow cover, vegetation productivity, phenology and biodiversity indicators. They clearly reflect the current level of research in this area. This book constitutes an excellent reference suitable for upper-level undergraduate students, graduate students and professionals in remote sensing.
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; gross primary production (GPP) ; interference filter ; Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) ; cost-efficient ; precipitation ; topographic effects ; land surface temperature ; Land surface emissivity ; scale effects ; spatial-temporal variations ; statistics methods ; inter-annual variation ; spatial representativeness ; FY-3C/MERSI ; sunphotometer ; PROSPECT ; passive microwave ; flux measurements ; urban scale ; vegetation dust-retention ; multiple ecological factors ; leaf age ; standard error of the mean ; LUT method ; spectra ; SURFRAD ; Land surface temperature ; aboveground biomass ; uncertainty ; land surface variables ; copper ; Northeast China ; forest disturbance ; end of growing season (EOS) ; random forest model ; probability density function ; downward shortwave radiation ; machine learning ; MODIS products ; composite slope ; daily average value ; canopy reflectance ; spatiotemporal representative ; light use efficiency ; hybrid method ; disturbance index ; quantitative remote sensing inversion ; SCOPE ; GPP ; South China’s ; anisotropic reflectance ; vertical structure ; snow cover ; land cover change ; start of growing season (SOS) ; MS–PT algorithm ; aerosol ; pixel unmixing ; HiWATER ; algorithmic assessment ; surface radiation budget ; latitudinal pattern ; ICESat GLAS ; vegetation phenology ; SIF ; metric comparison ; Antarctica ; spatial heterogeneity ; comprehensive field experiment ; reflectance model ; sinusoidal method ; NDVI ; BRDF ; cloud fraction ; NPP ; VPM ; China ; dense forest ; vegetation remote sensing ; 〈i〉Cunninghamia〈/i〉 ; high resolution ; geometric-optical model ; phenology ; LiDAR ; ZY-3 MUX ; point cloud ; multi-scale validation ; Fraunhofer Line Discrimination (FLD) ; rice ; fractional vegetation cover (FVC) ; interpolation ; high-resolution freeze/thaw ; drought ; Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) ; controlling factors ; sampling design ; downscaling ; n/a ; Chinese fir ; MRT-based model ; RADARSAT-2 ; northern China ; leaf area density ; potential evapotranspiration ; black-sky albedo (BSA) ; decision tree ; CMA ; fluorescence quantum efficiency in dark-adapted conditions (FQE) ; surface solar irradiance ; validation ; geographical detector model ; vertical vegetation stratification ; spatiotemporal distribution and variation ; gap fraction ; phenological parameters ; spatio-temporal ; albedometer ; variability ; GLASS ; gross primary productivity (GPP) ; EVI2 ; machine learning algorithms ; latent heat ; GLASS LAI time series ; boreal forest ; leaf ; maize ; heterogeneity ; temperature profiles ; crop-growing regions ; satellite observations ; rugged terrain ; species richness ; voxel ; LAI ; TMI data ; GF-1 WFV ; spectral ; HJ-1 CCD ; leaf area index ; evapotranspiration ; land-surface temperature products (LSTs) ; SPI ; AVHRR ; Tibetan Plateau ; snow-free albedo ; PROSPECT-5B+SAILH (PROSAIL) model ; MCD43A3 C6 ; 3D reconstruction ; photoelectric detector ; multi-data set ; BEPS ; aerosol retrieval ; plant functional type ; multisource data fusion ; remote sensing ; leaf spectral properties ; solo slope ; land surface albedo ; longwave upwelling radiation (LWUP) ; terrestrial LiDAR ; AMSR2 ; geometric optical radiative transfer (GORT) model ; MuSyQ-GPP algorithm ; tree canopy ; FY-3C/MWRI ; meteorological factors ; solar-induced chlorophyll fluorescence ; metric integration ; observations ; polar orbiting satellite ; arid/semiarid ; homogeneous and pure pixel filter ; thermal radiation directionality ; biodiversity ; gradient boosting regression tree ; forest canopy height ; Landsat ; subpixel information ; MODIS ; humidity profiles ; NIR ; geostationary satellite ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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    Application of the China Meteorological Assimilation Driving Datasets for the SWAT Model (CMADS) in East Asia (2021)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: To promote scientific understanding of surface processes in East Asia, we have published details of the CMADS dataset in the journal, Water, and expect that users around the world will learn about CMADS datasets while promoting the development of hydrometeorological disciplines in East Asia. We hope and firmly believe that scientific development in East Asia and our understanding of this typical region will be further advanced.
    Keywords: G1-922 ; Q1-390 ; sensitivity analysis ; non-point source pollution models ; reservoirs ; operation rule ; East Asia ; climate variability ; Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (TP) ; potential evapotranspiration ; precipitation ; capacity distribution ; GLUE ; soil temperature ; land use change ; JBR ; CFSR ; Jinsha River Basin ; impact ; runoff ; CMADS ; hydrological modeling ; aggregated reservoir ; reanalysis products ; Lijiang River ; spatio-temporal ; uncertainty ; total nitrogen ; Han River ; streamflow simulation ; meteorological ; CMADS-ST ; Erhai Lake Basin ; uncertainty analysis ; Biliuhe reservoir ; hydrological ; bayesian model averaging ; blue and green water flows ; SUFI-2 ; TMPA-3B42V7 ; statistical analysis ; satellite-derived rainfall ; streamflow ; satellite-based products ; Xiang River basin ; SWAT hydrological simulation ; PERSIANN-CDR ; hydrological processes ; SUFI2 ; CMADS dataset ; ParaSol ; hydrological modelling ; accumulation ; meteorological input uncertainty ; soil moisture content ; Yellow River ; SWAT ; Noah LSM-HMS ; sediment yield ; Yalong River ; TRMM ; Penman-Monteith ; IMERG ; PERSIANN ; hydrological elements ; freeze–thaw period ; land-use change ; parameter sensitivity ; China ; reservoir parameters ; soil moisture ; sloping black soil farmland ; hydrological model ; SWAT model ; hydrologic model ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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    Remote Sensing and Geospatial Approaches for Studying the Environment Affected by Human Activities (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: Over recent decades, intense human activities, including urban expansion, industrial emissions, farming, deforestation, mining, tourism, and land reclamation, have significantly transformed the natural environment. These changes give rise to environmental challenges like arable land degradation, deforestation, air and water pollution. Effective environmental protection and governance are crucial, particularly in environmentally vulnerable areas like farming-pastoral transitional zones, wetlands, arid regions, coastlines, and alpine-cold regions. Remote sensing proves invaluable in assessing environmental parameters and monitoring regional or global environmental changes over long-term history. Geospatial methods, grounded in remotely sensed images and other datasets, help analyze the compounded effects of multiple factors influenced by human activities. This reprint focuses on new theories, datasets, methods, findings, and applications to address essential questions about environmental changes. It explores how to monitor changes resulting from human activities, quantify their environmental impact, and assess the combined influence of natural disturbances and human alterations. The goal is to uncover patterns and mechanisms of environmental evolution, fostering knowledge exchange and innovative research for effective environmental protection and governance.
    Keywords: ecological cumulative effect ; coal mining area ; quantitative remote sensing ; ecology and environment ; land surface temperature ; soil moisture ; forest disturbance mapping ; multitemporal CNN ; large-scale long time-series ; disturbance type ; ecosystem service value ; degree of economic and environmental coordination ; land use change ; sustainable development ; analysis of driving force ; quantify ; GWDF-ANN ; FVC ; vegetation cover ; mining area ; CEEMDAN method ; GA-SVM model ; decomposition ; prediction ; water quality ; remote sensing imagery ; water body extraction ; Tasseled Cap transformation ; WFV onboard Gaofen-1 ; accuracy evaluation ; GEE ; long-term time series images ; land use classification ; spatial modeling ; land degradation ; Huangshui watershed ; SBAS ; two-dimensional deformation sequence ; water-level adjustment ; joint time-frequency analysis (JTFA) ; multi-scale response analysis ; hysteresis effect ; deep learning forecasting model ; dams and reservoirs ; climate change ; ANUSPLIN ; LSTM ; trend analysis ; Pedicularis ; positive and unlabeled learning ; dynamic variation ; change detection ; PlanetScope ; heritage corridors ; system construction ; minimum cumulative resistance (MCR) model ; spatial syntax ; the Shu Road ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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    Novel Research in Low-Dimensional Systems (2023)
    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
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    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: The application of novel experimental tools in many scientific fields has created an urgent need for an improved understanding of many new physical phenomena that emerge under such conditions. In particular, phenomena that occur in low-dimensional systems have drawn the interest of many experimental and theoretical groups globally. The aim of this reprint is to provide an overview of the current research in low-dimensional systems by attracting contributions from a number of specialists in the field. This way, we attempt to provide important insights on the large variety of scientifically fascinating and technologically important phenomena that are currently being investigated. The covered topics include original research articles on the fundamental principles and experimental aspects that apply to various low-dimensional systems, such as quantum dots, graphene systems, ultrathin films, superconducting films, novel nanoscale devices, etc. This reprint includes research papers from both theoretical and experimental groups. Many phenomena are studied from a multi-disciplinary perspective in such a way as to explore key important developments in the field.
    Keywords: scanning thermal microscopy (SThM) ; numerical study ; finite element analysis (FEA) ; boron nitride ; h-BN ; ultrathin films ; heat transfer ; thermal contact ; penetration depth ; stationary time ; charge order ; triangular lattice ; extended Hubbard model ; atomic limit ; mean-field theory ; phase diagram ; longer-range interactions ; thermodynamic properties ; fermionic lattice gas ; adsorption on the surface ; nanocapacitor ; energy ; capacitance ; circular plate ; dielectric thin film ; graphene plasmons ; dispersionless ; deep-subwavelength gap ; electro-optic switch ; on-chip integration ; graphene ; nanocomposite film ; film-forming ability ; stability ; mechanical properties ; HgSe QD ; long-wave infrared ; evaporated film ; morphology ; RF magnetron sputtering ; TiO2 film ; triphenylphosphine ; Au9 ; gold clusters ; photodeposition ; CrOx ; Cr(OH)3 ; Cr2O3 layer ; QD-Flash ; self-assembled quantum dots ; quantum dots memories ; non-volatile memories ; universal memories ; hole localization ; quaternary alloy ; strain ; superconducting ; nanostripes ; vortex ; confinement ; critical current ; flux ; NbN ; BKT transition ; phase slips ; granular superconductivity ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::R Earth Sciences, Geography, Environment, Planning::RG Geography
    Language: English
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