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  • Drosophila
  • Evolution
  • Springer  (1,411)
  • MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute  (7)
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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Supernumerary B chromosomes (Bs) are dispensable genetic elements found in thousands of species of plants and animals, and some fungi. Since their discovery more than a century ago, they have been a source of puzzlement, as they only occur in some members of a population and are absent from others. When they do occur, they are often harmful, and in the absence of “selfishness”, based on mechanisms of mitotic and meiotic drive, there appears to be no obvious reason for their existence. Cytogeneticists have long wrestled with questions about the biological existence of these enigmatic elements, including their lack of any adaptive properties, apparent absence of functional genes, their origin, sequence organization, and co-evolution as nuclear parasites. Emerging new technologies are now enabling researchers to step up a gear, to look enthusiastically beyond the previous limits of the horizon, and to uncover the secrets of these “silent” chromosomes. This book provides a comprehensive guide to theoretical advancements in the field of B chromosome research in both animal and plant systems.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; parent-of-origin effects ; fluorescent in situ hybridization ; coverage ratio analysis ; n/a ; ribosomal DNA ; reactivation ; cytogenetics ; epigenetics ; heterochromatin ; interphase nucleus ; whole genome resequencing ; transmission ; grasshoppers ; genome instability ; dot-like (micro) Bs ; ?s ; B chromosome ; supernumerary elements ; transcription of heterochromatin ; maternal X chromosome ; supernumerary chromosome ; population analysis ; supernumerary ; repeat clusters ; extra chromosomes ; genes ; tandem repeats ; B morphotypes ; repetitive DNA ; repetitive elements ; DNA copy number variation ; chromosome polymorphism ; satellite DNA ; mammals ; maize B chromosome ; additional chromosomes ; inactivation ; drive ; B chromosomes ; FISH (fluorescence in situ hybridisation) ; organelle DNA ; Orthoptera ; origin ; supernumerary chromosomes ; karyotype evolution ; GISH (genomic in situ hybridisation) ; DNA composition ; de novo centromere formation ; genomics ; paternal X chromosome ; euchromatin degradation ; supernumerary chromosomal segments (SCS) evolution ; centromere ; sSMC ; Prospero autumnale complex ; next-generation sequencing ; Drosophila ; host/parasite interaction ; Apodemus peninsulae ; genome evolution ; evolution ; teleost ; chromosome evolution ; microdissected DNA probes ; controlling element ; mobile element ; RNA-Seq ; karyotypes ; karyotypic characteristics ; RepeatExplorer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Springer Nature | Springer
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: This open access book offers the first comprehensive account of the pan-genome concept and its manifold implications. The realization that the genetic repertoire of a biological species always encompasses more than the genome of each individual is one of the earliest examples of big data in biology that opened biology to the unbounded. The study of genetic variation observed within a species challenges existing views and has profound consequences for our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms underpinning bacterial biology and evolution. The underlying rationale extends well beyond the initial prokaryotic focus to all kingdoms of life and evolves into similar concepts for metagenomes, phenomes and epigenomes. The book’s respective chapters address a range of topics, from the serendipitous emergence of the pan-genome concept and its impacts on the fields of microbiology, vaccinology and antimicrobial resistance, to the study of microbial communities, bioinformatic applications and mathematical models that tie in with complex systems and economic theory. Given its scope, the book will appeal to a broad readership interested in population dynamics, evolutionary biology and genomics.
    Keywords: Microbial Genetics and Genomics ; Evolutionary Biology ; Genetics and Population Dynamics ; Microbial Ecology ; Human Genetics ; Genetics and Genomics ; Comparative genomics ; Metagenomics ; Microbial Population Analysis ; Pangenome Profile ; Supra-Genome Analysis ; Adaptive Evolution ; Computational Tools ; Bioinformatic Genomics ; Core Dispensable Genome ; Selection, Recombination, Composition ; Acquired Resistance ; Bacterial Species Concept ; Genomic Diversity ; Bacterial Ecology, Microevolution ; Open Access ; Pan-metagenomics ; Pan-microbiomics ; Pan-epigenome ; Gene Transfer ; Pan-phenomes ; Microbiology (non-medical) ; Genetics (non-medical) ; Evolution ; Applied mathematics ; Ecological science, the Biosphere ; Medical genetics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSG Microbiology (non-medical) ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAJ Evolution ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PB Mathematics::PBW Applied mathematics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAF Ecological science, the Biosphere ; thema EDItEUR::M Medicine and Nursing::MF Pre-clinical medicine: basic sciences::MFN Medical genetics ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical)
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Virus bioinformatics is evolving and succeeding as an area of research in its own right, representing the interface of virology and computer science. Bioinformatic approaches to investigate viral infections and outbreaks have become central to virology research, and have been successfully used to detect, control, and treat infections of humans and animals. As part of the Third Annual Meeting of the European Virus Bioinformatics Center (EVBC), we have published this Special Issue on Virus Bioinformatics.
    Keywords: QH301-705.5 ; Q1-390 ; BBB ; recombination ; software ; APMV ; AquaDiva ; horizontal gene transfer ; sequence interpretation ; structurally homogenous ; CVI988/Rispens ; DFT ; eukaryogenesis ; fluorescent reporter protein ; parallel reaction monitoring ; transcriptomics ; splicing ; Rickettsia ; minor capsid protein ; flavivirus ; DWT ; RNA viruses ; data compression ; DNA replication ; influenza A ; virus diagnostics ; quasispecies ; mRNA structure ; systems virology ; virus bioinformatics ; metagenomics ; drug resistance ; nasopharynx ; image quantification ; infection ; primary B cells ; non-coding RNA ; transcriptome ; RB1B ; virus ; interferon-stimulated genes (ISG) ; pandoravirus ; virus-host interaction ; secondary structure ; bivalve ; ICP0 ; assembly ; MSA ; variant calling ; translation machinery ; gram-positive bacteria ; virosphere ; viral mRNA ; NCLDV ; sncRNA ; structurally related ; cellular immunity ; Amebae viruses ; genome evolution ; groundwater ; capsid protein ; HPV58 ; RNA structure ; polyomavirus ; Mimivirus ; PAA ; honey bees ; Hepatitis C virus ; compressive genomics ; Yellow Fever Virus ; poxvirus ; ADAR ; virome ; endogenous viral elements ; giant virus ; structure database ; RNA-seq ; deep sequencing ; viral evolution ; bovine soft palate ; deformed wing virus ; virus-to-host gene transfer ; ASFV ; virus proteomics ; RNAi ; polycistronic viral transcripts ; complex networks analysis ; mimivirus ; TLR agonist ; time series ; mRNA families ; foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) ; comparative genomics ; virus dynamics modeling ; viral metagenome ; subVOG ; bioinformatics ; viral taxonomy ; sequencing library preparation ; virus classification ; alignment ; targeted proteomics ; prophylaxis ; bacteriophage ; dsdna viruses ; taxonomic classification ; Marek’s disease virus (MDV) ; Coxsackievirus B4 ; hepatitis C virus ; mass spectrometry ; data transformation ; Base-By-Base ; data analysis ; peptide selection ; proteomics ; mitochondria ; Drosophila ; ori ; HMM ; codon frequency distribution ; RNAseq ; protein domains ; innate immune system ; tobacco mosaic virus ; apiary pests ; virology ; virus genomics ; chemical organization theory ; aquifer ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-02
    Description: This reprint encompasses a number of articles that focus on the molecular blueprint of brain tumors. A collection of relevant papers in the rapidly expanding field of brain tumor molecular genetics broadens our knowledge about the biology of brain tumors, and inspires further studies that will improve the diagnosis and clinical management of brain tumors. Due to the great heterogeneity of brain tumors it is important to research and understand every aspect of their initiation, progression and metastasis in order to design better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for their clinical management and patient benefit.
    Keywords: DVL1 ; PDZ domain ; β-catenin ; Wnt signaling pathway ; intracranial meningioma ; microglia ; glioblastoma ; olfactomedin-like 3 ; TGFβ ; Glioblastoma ; Doublecortin ; DCX ; OLIG2 ; NES ; single cell RNA-seq ; immunohistochemistry ; immunofluorescence ; brain tumours ; brain tumor ; GBM ; cancer stem cell ; BIRC3 ; BMP4 ; stemness ; pediatric glioblastoma ; temozolomide ; NKCC1 ; KCC2 ; EZH2 ; PCNA ; CAM ; cancer ; neurodegeneration ; glioma ; Drosophila ; disease model ; PI3K ; EGFR ; genetics ; schwannoma ; NF2 ; bevacizumab ; VEGF ; SH3PXD2A-HTRA1 fusion ; molecular targeted therapy ; IDH1 mutation ; redox household ; nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase ; NAD+ synthesis ; cancer metabolism ; pentose phosphate pathway ; cell proliferation ; miRNA ; hypoxia ; angiogenesis ; treatment-related changes ; true progression ; pseudoprogression ; radiation necrosis ; biomarkers ; 18F-FET PET ; IDH mutation ; functional precision oncology ; drug sensitivity ; prognostic biomarkers ; systematic review ; meta-analysis ; cancer pathway ; mRNA ; multicriterial analysis ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::N History and Archaeology::NH History ; thema EDItEUR::J Society and Social Sciences::JN Education
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-03-28
    Description: This reprint presents recent developments in the field of biological liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS, also known as biomolecular condensation). LLPS and related biogenesis of various membraneless organelles (MLOs) and biomolecular condensates (BMCs) represent fundamental molecular mechanisms governing the spatio-temporal organization of the intracellular space. In fact, MLOs and BMCs, being liquid droplets, represent specific compartments within a cell that are not enclosed by a lipid membrane. Most biological LLPS processes are reversible, and many MLOs/BMCs exist transiently; they rapidly emerge when conditions are changed and rapidly disintegrate as soon as the original conditions are restored, thereby showing a characteristic “now you see me, now you don’t” behavior. Numerous MLOs/BMCs are found inside eukaryotic cells, where they exist as liquid droplets (or cellular bodies, puncta, etc.) in the cytoplasm, nucleoplasm, mitochondrial matrix, and stroma of chloroplasts. Furthermore, MLOs/BMCs are commonly observed in Archaea, bacteria, and, likely, viruses. MLOs/BMCs have numerous crucial functions, and their biogenesis is known to be controlled by various external factors and environmental cues, such as changes in temperature, pH, and ionic strength of the solution. All of these have garnered the close attention of many researchers to biological LLPS, MLOs, and BMCs.
    Keywords: Alzheimer’s disease ; amyloid aggregation ; lipid bilayer ; cholesterol ; time-lapse AFM imaging ; molecular dynamics ; liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) ; membraneless organelles ; phase-separated condensates ; human diseases ; liquid–liquid phase separation ; intrinsically disordered proteins ; proteins with low complexity ; P-body ; Nst1 ; polyampholyte domain ; aggregation-prone domain ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae ; membrane-less organelle ; nuclear speckle ; nucleolus ; phase separation ; chromatin organization ; nuclear condensate ; intrinsically disordered region ; transcription ; DNA damage repair ; super-enhancer ; quantitative imaging ; CTP synthase ; cytoophidium ; fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) ; stimulated emission depletion (STED) ; Drosophila ; epithelium ; follicle cell ; ingression ; paramyxoviruses ; Hendra virus ; amyloid-like fibrils ; Taylor Dispersion Analysis (TDA) ; negative staining Transmission Electron Microscopy (ns-TEM) ; Polyethylene glycol (PEG) precipitation assays ; Congo Red ; Small-Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) ; actin ; actin polymerization ; actin-binding proteins ; coacervate ; membrane ; signaling proteins ; n/a ; thema EDItEUR::G Reference, Information and Interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research and information: general ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2022-02-01
    Description: Dear Readers, Understanding the pathological mechanisms involved in human diseases and their possible treatment has been historically based on comparative analysis of diverse animal species that share a similar genetic, physiological and behavioural composition. The ancient Greeks were the first to use animals as models for anatomy and physiology, and this was consequently adopted by other cultures and led to important discoveries. In recent years, there have been many efforts to understand and fight cancer through new revolutionary personalized treatments and wider screenings that help diagnose and treat cancer. A fundamental part of this effort is to develop suitable cancer animal models that simulate the different disease variants and their progression. Ranging from tumor-derived xenografts to genetically engineered models, a wide variety of systems are applied for this purpose, and many technological breakthroughs are changing the way cancer is studied and analyzed. In this Special Issue, we collected a set of research articles and reviews that focus on the generation of cancer animal models that are used for understanding the disease and contribute to designing and testing new drugs for cancer prevention or treatment. Vladimir Korinek Collection Editor
    Keywords: soy ; isoflavones ; mammary tumor prevention ; rodent models ; chemical carcinogens ; transgenic mice ; Zebrafish ; Drosophila ; rats ; mice ; NPM-1 ; FLT3 ITD ; ETO-1 ; IDH1/2 ; neural stem cells ; brain and nervous system cancers ; neurogenic niches ; radiotherapy ; sparing of neurogenic regions ; carcinoma ; consensus molecular subtypes ; intestine ; oncogenes ; signaling cascades ; tumor suppressors ; tumorigenesis ; MPN (myeloproliferative neoplasms) ; zebrafish ; iPSCs ; JAK2 ; MPL ; CALR ; thrombosis ; ubiquitin–proteasome system ; cancer ; mouse model ; gene inactivation ; colorectal cancer ; mouse models ; microbiota ; antitumor immunity ; melanoma ; mutation ; genetics ; animal model ; swine ; MeLiM ; progression ; spontaneous regression ; devitalization ; metaplasia ; Cdx ; animal models ; epigenetics ; xenotransplantation ; drug screen ; pre-clinical cancer model ; non-mouse models ; gene editing ; stem cells ; solid tumors ; hematologic malignancies ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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  • 7
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Interactions between nucleic acids and proteins are essential requirements for the viability of cellular life because they are indispensable for many basic biological processes. DNA is typically presented as a specific double-stranded helical structure, but nucleic acids have great structural flexibility. Current knowledge demonstrates that the structural conformations of nucleic acids play critical roles in protein–DNA interactions. This book presents a collection of research findings published in the Special Issue of the International Journal of Molecular Sciences, titled “Impacts of Molecular Structure on Nucleic Acid-Protein Interactions”.The breadth of research findings reported here demonstrates that the structural flexibility of nucleic acids plays critical roles in their interactions with proteins, with important implications across a range of human diseases, including cancer and some infectious diseases.Prof. Richard BowaterUniversity of East Anglia, Norwich, United KingdomProf. Václav BrázdaInstitute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
    Keywords: DNA ; RNA ; protein binding ; G-quadruplex ; triplex ; i-motif ; Z-DNA ; Z-RNA ; cruciform ; amino acid composition ; COVID-19 ; SARS-CoV-2 ; coronavirus ; CNBP ; virus ; bioinformatics ; coevolution ; host ; dsDNA ; G4Hunter ; evolution ; plant science ; nucleic acids ; circular dichroism ; UV light ; ligand ; rhodamine ; thiazole orange ; thioflavin T ; p53 ; aging ; longevity ; comparative analysis ; protein sequence ; Drosophila ; polytene chromosomes ; Canton-S ; agnostic ; ectopic pairing ; 1.688 repeats ; 372-bp repeats ; fragile X-associated primary ovarian insufficiency (FXPOI) ; fragile X-associated tremor/ataxia syndrome (FXTAS) ; fragile X syndrome (FXS) ; repeat instability ; repeat expansion ; chromosome fragility ; RNA gain-of-function ; repeat-associated non-AUG (RAN) translation ; repeat-mediated gene silencing ; Zα domain ; orthogonal representation ; algorithm ; toehold switch ; arithmetic operation ; RNA–RNA interaction ; molecular computing ; reversible computing ; DNA base sequence ; DNA structure ; DNA supercoiling ; epigenetics ; genome stability ; inverted repeat ; replication ; transcription ; nucleic acid–protein interactions ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TB Technology: general issues ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TC Biochemical engineering::TCB Biotechnology
    Language: English
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  • 8
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    MDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute
    Publication Date: 2023-04-05
    Description: This reprint encompasses a number of articles that focus on the molecular blueprint of brain tumors. A collection of relevant papers in the rapidly expanding field of brain tumor molecular genetics broadens our knowledge about the biology of brain tumors, and inspires further studies that will improve the diagnosis and clinical management of brain tumors. Due to the great heterogeneity of brain tumors it is important to research and understand every aspect of their initiation, progression and metastasis in order to design better diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for their clinical management and patient benefit.
    Keywords: DVL1 ; PDZ domain ; β-catenin ; Wnt signaling pathway ; intracranial meningioma ; microglia ; glioblastoma ; olfactomedin-like 3 ; TGFβ ; Glioblastoma ; Doublecortin ; DCX ; OLIG2 ; NES ; single cell RNA-seq ; immunohistochemistry ; immunofluorescence ; brain tumours ; brain tumor ; GBM ; cancer stem cell ; BIRC3 ; BMP4 ; stemness ; pediatric glioblastoma ; temozolomide ; NKCC1 ; KCC2 ; EZH2 ; PCNA ; CAM ; cancer ; neurodegeneration ; glioma ; Drosophila ; disease model ; PI3K ; EGFR ; genetics ; schwannoma ; NF2 ; bevacizumab ; VEGF ; SH3PXD2A-HTRA1 fusion ; molecular targeted therapy ; IDH1 mutation ; redox household ; nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase ; NAD+ synthesis ; cancer metabolism ; pentose phosphate pathway ; cell proliferation ; miRNA ; hypoxia ; angiogenesis ; treatment-related changes ; true progression ; pseudoprogression ; radiation necrosis ; biomarkers ; 18F-FET PET ; IDH mutation ; functional precision oncology ; drug sensitivity ; prognostic biomarkers ; systematic review ; meta-analysis ; cancer pathway ; mRNA ; multicriterial analysis ; n/a ; bic Book Industry Communication::G Reference, information & interdisciplinary subjects::GP Research & information: general ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PS Biology, life sciences::PSA Life sciences: general issues::PSAK Genetics (non-medical) ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine ; bic Book Industry Communication::M Medicine::MM Other branches of medicine::MMG Pharmacology
    Language: English
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 76 (1995), S. 25-35 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: dispersal ; flight duration ; cactophilic ; Drosophila ; age effects ; body size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The flight ability ofDrosophila aldrichi (Patterson & Crow) andD. buzzatii (Patterson & Wheeler) using tethered flights, was measured with respect to age-related changes, genetic variation and adult body size variation induced by rearing at different larval densities.Drosophila buzzatii flew for much longer thanD. aldrichi, especially females, but age-related changes in flight duration were significant only forD. aldrichi. Effects of body size on flight ability were significant inD. buzzatii, but not inD. aldrichi. InD. buzzatii, there was a significant genotype-environment interaction (larval density × line) for flight duration, with short and average flight duration isofemale lines showing longer flights, but a long flight duration line shorter flights as body size decreased (i.e., as larval density increased). Heritability estimates for flight duration were similar in the two species, but flight duration showed no significant genetic correlations with developmental time, body size or wing dimensions (except for one wing dimension inD. buzzatii). Although not significantly different between the species, heritabilities for life-history traits (adult size and developmental time) showed contrasting patterns — with higher heritability for body size (body weight and thorax length) inD. buzzatii, and higher for developmental time inD. aldrichi. In agreement with limited previous field evidence,D. buzzatii is better adapted for colonization than isD. aldrichi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 90 (1999), S. 175-181 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Olfactory response ; Drosophila ; menthol ; bioassay ; trap assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A modification of the trap assay (Woodard et al., 1989) was used to evaluate the response of Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) to food media containing menthol. Dose-response curves for flies to mentholic foods were produced for flies that had been pre-exposed to menthol, during development and adult life, and flies that had not been exposed to menthol before the assay. Mentholic food media were less attractive to Drosophila than plain food medium. Rearing flies on a medium containing menthol reduced their aversion to some concentrations of menthol. The rearing effect was not simply due to lowered general activity levels resulting from developing in a medium containing menthol. There was a threshold concentration of menthol in the rearing medium below which we found no induced behavioural change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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