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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 8 (1971), S. 304-319 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Calcium ; Phosphate ; Solubility ; Computer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Un programme d'ordinateur a été mis au point pour calculer les activités ioniques du calcium et l'orthophosphate dans un grand nombre de solutions. Dans le cas de solutions synthétiques, les calculs sont vérifiés en comparant les valeurs de pH, obtenues par ordinateur, avec celles observées expérimentalement. Des essais de ce type, avec des solutions possèdant des concentrations de calcium et d'orthophosphate trouvées dans les liquides biologiques et à des valeurs de pH variant de 3.00 à 10.00, indiquent que le programme est adapté pour des applications biologiques. Le programme n'est pas effectif pour des solutions, dans les lesquelles l'ion bromure est la source principale de la force ionique, sans doute, par manque d'équation étendue de Debye-Hückel dans ces circonstances. Aucune formation de complexe de phosphate de sodium n'a été notée à des concentrations biologiques normales.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Es wurde ein Computer-Programm ausgearbeitet, um die Ionenaktivitäten von Calcium und Orthophosphat in einer breiten Varietät von Lösungen zu berechnen. Die Berechnungen wurden bei synthetischen Lösungen durch Vergleiche zwischen den auf diese Weise errechneten pH-Werten und den experimentell gefundenen kontrolliert. Diese Art Kontrollen mit Calcium-und Orthophosphatkonzentrationen, wie sie in biologischen Flüssigkeiten gefunden werden, und mit pH-Werten zwischen 3,0 und 10,0 wies darauf hin, daß das Programm für biologische Anwendungen geeignet war. Das Programm konnte nicht benützt werden für solche Lösungen, bei welchen hauptsächlich das Bromidion zur Einstellung der Ionenstärke verwendet wurde, vermutlich weil die erweiterte Debye-Hückel-Gleichung unter diesen Umständen nicht anwendbar ist. Die Bildung eines Natriumphosphat-Komplexes unter normalen biologischen Konzentrationen konnte nicht nachgewiesen werden.
    Notes: Abstract A computer program has been designed to calculate the ionic activities of calcium and orthophosphate in a wide variety of solutions. In the case of synthetic solutions the calculations were checked by comparing the computed pH values with those observed experimentally. Tests of this type with solutions having the concentrations of calcium and orthophosphate found in biological fluids and with pH values ranging from pH 3.0–10.0 indicated that the program was suitable for biological applications. The program was not effective for solutions in which the bromide ion was a principal source of ionic strength probably because of the failure of the extended Debye-Hückel equation under those circumstances. No evidence for the formation of any sodium phosphate complex at normal biological concentrations could be found.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 13-17 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Dental calculus ; Glycopeptide ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary A method is described for the isolation and purification of a sulphated glycopeptide from human supragingival calculus. The compound was isolated after using EDTA treatment, 2 M CaCl2 extraction, proteolytic digestion, ethanol precipitation, and finally purified by DEAE cellulose chromatography. It migrated as a single component on cellulose acetate electrophoresis, and chemical and infrared spectral analysis showed the presence of covalently attached sulphate groups. The sulphated glycopeptide was distinguished from being a sulphated glycosaminoglycan.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 10 (1988), S. 93-95 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Anthracyclines ; Chemistry ; Drug stability ; Mitomycins
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-0975
    Keywords: Key words Otolith ; Chemistry ; ICP-MS ; Stock discrimination ; Epinephelus striatus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  We examined the utility of otolith minor and trace element chemistry, assayed with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), as a means of delineating population structure in the Nassau grouper (Epinephelus striatus). We characterized the elemental composition of otoliths collected in 1993 from three locations in Exuma Sound, Bahamas and from Glover Reef, Belize in 1995. A single location in Exuma Sound was sampled in 1994 to test temporal variability in otolith composition. Five elements (Ca, Zn, Sr, Ba and Pb) were routinely detected, at levels significantly above background, by solution-based ICP-MS. Results from analysis of variance of elemental data, expressed as a ratio to Ca, indicated that there were no significant differences among the Exuma locations for any element, but significant variability was found between Glover Reef and the pooled Exuma localities for Zn/Ca, Sr/Ca and Ba/Ca ratios. Significant inter-annual differences at one Exuma Sound location was restricted to Ba/Ca ratios. Discriminant function analysis correctly classified 86% and 95% of the Belize and pooled Exuma sites, respectively. Otoliths from Belize were characterized by low Zn/Ca and high Ba/Ca and Pb/Ca ratios compared to otoliths from fish collected in Exuma Sound. Although differences in Ba levels may be related to upwelling at Glover Reef, more data are needed to definitely link otolith composition with regional differences in water chemistry.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pharmacy world & science 9 (1987), S. 305-314 
    ISSN: 1573-739X
    Keywords: Atrial natriuretic factor ; Blood pressure ; Chemistry ; Diuresis ; Homeostasis ; Kidney ; Muscle, smooth ; Natriuresis ; Receptors, endogenous compounds ; Renin-angiotensin system
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract It is now known that cardiac atria play an important role in blood pressure and volume regulation. Mechanical distension of the atria results in the release of a potent diuretic and natriuretic agent or agents termed the atrial natriuretic factor (ANF). Several structurally related forms of ANF exist in man and it is thought that these represent precursory forms of a single optimally active molecule and/or the presence of more than one form of active ANF. The chemical structure of ANF between different mammalian species is similar. ANF receptors have been identified in kidney, brain, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle cells, tracheal and bronchial smooth muscle and the adrenal glands of many mammalian species, including man. This would suggest that ANF influences blood pressure and volume homoeostasis by affecting any one of a number of biochemical or physiological mechanisms via different target tissues. ANF is now considered a potentially valuable therapeutic agent for the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure. Synthesis of potent receptor antagonists could be extremely useful in the treatment of various clinical situations which are produced or complicated by endogenously produced ANF, such as chronic orthostatic hypotension.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 23 (1977), S. 87-94 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Calcium ; Osteoporosis ; Lactation ; Chemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary The calcium homeostatic mechanism was challenged in adult female rats by feeding them a calcium-deficient diet containing oxalate, and by subjecting them to pregnancy and lactation. The regimen caused a substantial weight loss, especially in those animals which reared their young well. Severe hypocalcaemia was observed in the lactating rats. Serum-P was slightly elevated. The content of hydroxyproline in serum was considerably elevated, reflecting the degree of calcium deprivation. Serum proteins were least influenced. The calcium depriving regimen reduced the growth of long bones, but did not stop it. The ash content of the bones was considerably reduced, the degree of reduction depended on the degree of calcium deprivation. Ash as percentage of total bone organ was reduced, but not to the same extent as total ash. Analyses of different parts of femur showed that the proximal and distal parts had lost more bone mineral than the diaphyseal shaft. The ash content of cortical bone tissue from the femur was estimated by a volumetric method. No differences were observed between test groups and controls, indicating that no measurable amounts of bone mineral had been removed from the walls of the vascular canals or by osteocytic osteolysis. Planimetric determinations on cross sections from femora disclosed that a great amount of bone had been removed from the endosteal surface of the diaphysis, while the periosteal surface demonstrated reduced bone apposition.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Aquatic sciences 51 (1989), S. 108-128 
    ISSN: 1420-9055
    Keywords: Chemistry ; mountain lakes ; silica ; acidity ; sediment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Alpine lakes in siliceous catchments of Tyrol and Carinthia (Austria) show signs of acidification. About 9% of the studied lakes have no alkalinity, more than 20% are below pH 6. About two thirds of all lakes have acid neutralizing capacities below 100 μeq 1−1. In spite of moderate precipitation acidity, some lakes show considerable concentrations of dissolved reactive aluminum during or shortly after snowmelt. High altitude lakes of the Alps are definitely more acidic than high mountain lakes in remote areas. Large differences in water and soil chemistry of nearby situated lakes were attributed to heterogeneities of bedrock geology. Paleolimnological investigations on former pH values of five lakes, based on diatom assemblages in the sediment, showed different developments: recent and past acidification, stable conditions, and alkalinization.
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  • 8
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    Unknown
    Fisheries Society of Nigeria | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23440 | 19325 | 2018-05-02 08:25:12 | 23440 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The physical and chemical parameters of ABU Dam and Zaria Dam were carried out between September and October 2009. The results obtained in the two water bodies were temperature 27.7 0C, pH (7.5 and 7.3), dissolved oxygen (5.8 mg/l and 5.0 mg/l), biochemical oxygen demand (1.74 mg/l and 2. 16 mg/l), alkalinity (58 mg CaC03/l and 49 mgCaCO3/l) P04-P (2.47 mg/l and 1.59 mg/l) NO3-N (3.67 mg/l and 3.47 mg/l), conductivity (54.70 ~ks-1 and 42.48 ~ks-1), total hydrocarbon (TH) (47.66 mg/l) and 48.00 mg/l) and total dissolved solids (32.68 mg/l and 25.35 mg/l) respectively. There was no significant difference in the mean values of the parameters (P〉0.05) except conductivity and total dissolved solids. The water bodies were found to be neutral with high conductivity. All the properties in the water bodies were in conformity with international standards both for drinking and aquatic life.
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;7 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Nigeria ; Zaria Dam ; Nigeria ; ABU Dam ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Pollution
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 144-146
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 10 (1972), S. 171-197 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Amorphous ; Crystalline ; Calcium phosphate ; Chemistry ; Composition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Des échantillons non lavés de phosphate de calcium amorphe (ACP) contiennent une fraction labile, non remplaçable, riche en phosphate acide avec un rapport Ca/P faible: cette fraction est perdue de façon irréversible au cours du lavage. De l'ACP frais, précipité entre pH 6.6–10.6, varie dans un rapport molaire Ca/P de 1.18 à 1.50 et dans un rapport HPO 4 2− /P total de 33.0% à 10.1%. A pH 7.40, de l'ACP frais a un rapport molaire Ca/P de 1.36±0.02 et contient 22.8 (±2.2)% HPO 4 2− . Les résultats obtenus avec du précipité non lavé ne peuvent s'expliquer par du Ca2+ emprisonné et de l'HPO 4 2− ou du Na+, Cl− et CO 3 2− exogènes. Les phosphates de calcium amorphes constituent une classe de sels ayant des caractères chimiques variables et des propriétés physiques identiques, comparables au verre. Le CaHPO4·xH2O non cristallin peut être un ACP, surtout au cours des phases précoces de formation. A des pH physiologiques, l'ACP se transforme en petits cristaux applatis contenant de fortes quantités de phosphate acide facilement remplaçable. Le fait de laver la couche de surface produit un changement chimique dans les nouveaux cristaux: des cristaux non lavés donnent des diagrammes de diffraction d'apatite peu cristallins, ainsi que des spectres infra-rouges peu nets, intermédiaires entre des apatites et du phosphate octocalcique. Des explications structurales sont proposées et les compositions minérales amorphe/cristalline de l'os et du cartilage sont recalculées.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Ungewaschene Proben von amorphem Calciumphosphat (ACP) enthalten eine unersetzliche labile Fraktion, welche reich an saurem Phosphat ist und ein niederes Ca/P-Verhältnis hat und welche während des Waschprozesses unwiderruflich verloren geht. Natives ACP, welches im pH-Bereich 6,6–10,6 ausgefällt wurde, variierte im molaren Ca/P-Verhältnis zwischen 1,18 und 1,50 und in HPO 4 2− /totales P zwischen 33,0 und 10,1%. Bei pH 7,40 hatte natives ACP ein molares Ca/P-Verhältnis von 1,36±0,02 und enthielt 22,8 (±2,2)% HPO 4 2− . Die Werte beim ungewaschenen Niederschlag rühren weder von aus dem Überstand aufgenommenem Ca2+ und HPO2−, noch von außen kommendem Na+, Cl− und CO 3 2− her. Die amorphen Calciumphosphate werden als eine Klasse von Salzen erkannt, welche veränderliche chemische, aber identische glasartige physicochemische Eigenschaften haben. Nicht kristallines CaHPO4·xH2O kann auch ein ACP sein, besonders in den frühen Bildungsstadien. Bei physiologischem pH verwandelt sich ACP in kleine plattenförmige Kristalle, welche große Mengen von leicht ersetzbarem saurem Phosphat enthalten. Das Waschen dieser Oberflächenschicht erzeugte chemische Veränderungen in den resultierenden Kristallen; ungewaschene Kristalle zeigten ein Diffraktionsmuster, das nur schwach demjenigen des kristallinen Aspatites glich, aber ein schlecht aufgelöstes Infrarotspektrum, welches zwischen Apatit und Octocalciumphosphat war. Es werden strukturelle Erklärungen für alle diese Phenomena diskutiert, und revidierte amorph/kristalline Mineralzusammensetzungen von Knochen und Knorpel wurden neu berechnet.
    Notes: Abstract Unwashed samples of amorphous calcium phosphate (ACP) contain an irreplaceable labile fraction, rich in acid phosphate and low in Ca/P ratio, which is irreversibly lost during the washing process. Native ACP precipitated in the pH range 6.6–10.6 varied in Ca/P molar ratio from 1.18 to 1.50 and in HPO 4 2− /total P from 33.0% to 10.1%. At pH 7.40, native ACP had a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.36±0.02 and contained 22.8 (±2.2)% HPO 4 2− . Unwashed precipitate data could not be attributed to either trapped supernatant Ca2+ and HPO 4 2− or extraneous Na+, Cl−, and CO 3 2− . The amorphous calcium phosphates are recognized as a class of salts having variable chemical but identical glass-like, physicochemical properties. Non-crystalline CaHPO4·xH2O may also be an ACP, especially during early formative stages. At physiological pH, ACP transforms to small platy crystals containing large amounts of readily-replaceable acid phosphate. Washing this surface layer produced chemical alterations in the resultant crystals; unwashed crystals had poorly-crystalline apatitic diffraction patterns but exhibited poorly-resolved infrared spectra intermediate between apatite and octacalcium phosphate. Structural explanations for all these phenomena are discussed, and revised bone and cartilage amorphous/crystalline mineral compositions have been re-calculated.
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  • 10
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23422 | 19325 | 2018-04-25 19:24:46 | 23422 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Tilapia guineensis eggs were spawned and hatched in different salinities (17, 12, 7, 5, 2 and 0) ppt. The study was conducted in eight replicates. The aim of the investigation was to ascertain disparity in hatching size of Tilapia guineensis attributable to salinity. Immediately hatching was observed, body weight of five hatchlings in each replicate was individually weighed in milligramme. The individual total length of the five hatchlings was also measured in millimeter. The height of the yolk sac larva was determined with micro-metre screw gauge graduated in millimeter from the top of the yolk sac to the dorsal region of the larva. Data obtained were used to calculate yolk sac volume. Significant differences (P〈0.01) were observed in body weight and total length of larvae hatched in different salinities. The heaviest and longest larvae were hatched in 12 ppt saline water. The yolk sac volume of larvae hatched in lower salinities were significantly higher (P〈0.01) than the yolk sac volume of larvae hatched in higher salinities. The smallest yolk sac volume was recorded in 12ppt saline water. Our findings show that salinity could be manipulated for economic production of heavier seeds of Tilapia.
    Description: Includes:- 5 tables.;6 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Tilapia guineensis ; Nigeria ; brackishwater environment ; Salinity effects ; Larvae
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 51-55
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