ALBERT

Description: Kariba weed (Salvinia molesta) is an invasive alien waterweedthat was first recorded in Uganda in sheltered bays of LakeKyoga in June 2013. This waterweed has become a commonfeature on Lake Kyoga and its associated rivers, streams andswamps, and has spread to other lakes notably Kwania and Albert in addition to Lake Kimira in Bugiri district.

Description: Fisheries activities are the main source of livelihood for the communities that live at Lake Edward fish landing sites. The landing sites include: Kazinga, Katwe, Kayanja, Kishenyi Rwenshama and Katunguru and are located within Queen Elizabeth Conservation Area (QECA).In spite of being the main source of livelihood, 74% of therespondents in a 2013 survey reported that catches forthe main targeted fish species namely: Bagrus docmak(Semutundu), Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia) and Protopterusaethiopicus (Mamba) were declining due to overfishingand catching of immature fish by the rapidly increasingpopulation. Lake Edward Frame surveys had shown that thenumber of fishing crafts increased from 302 in 2008 to 330 in 2011, while the number of fishers increased from 355 to 600 during the same period. Between 2008 and 2010, catch perboat, for Bagrus docmak (Semutundu) declined from 5.25kg to 4.04 kg and for Protopterus aethiopicus (Mamba) from2.63 kg to 1.03kg.It has been suggested that reducing pressure on the lakeshould be handled using different approaches, one of whichis introduction of programs for enhancing livelihood optionswhich do not conflict with conservation of Queen ElizabethConservation Area (QECA). The main goal of this study wastherefore to identify, prioritize and pilot livelihood options at selected landing sites of Lakes Edward and George.

Description: The National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), the Directorate of Fisheries Resources (DiFR), the Local Government fisheries staff and those from the Beach Management Units (BMUs) of the riparian districts to Lake Victoria regularly and jointly conduct Frame and Catch Assessment Surveys. The information obtained is used to guide fisheries management and development. We reveal the trends in the commercial fish catch landings and fishing effort on the Uganda side of Lake Victoria, over a 15 year period (2000-2015) and provide the underlying factors to the observed changes. The contribution of the high value large size species (Nile perch and Tilapia) to the commercial catch of Lake Victoria has significantly reduced while that of the low value small size species, Mukene has increased over a ten year (2005-2015)period. The information is intended to update and sensitize the key stakeholders on the status of the Lake Victoria fisheries. In addition, the information provided is expected to guide policy formulation and management planning by the fisheries managers at all levels including the BMUs and Landing Site Management Committees (LSMCs), the Local government fisheries staff and the Directorate of Fisheries Resources. The information is anticipated to create awareness among the lakeside fisher communities to reverse the current trend in fish declines.

Description: Issue 1, Vol. I (Series name not specified)

Description: As interest increases in fish production, fish farming is on the rise as more fish is produced in ponds, cages and tanks. However not all fish can be sold out and consumed at the same time, in addition to this, different consumers show different preference. Some individua Is tend to prefer smoked fish to fresh and fried fish. Apart from satisfying the different consumer preferences, fish smoking is important because it in creases the self life of fish, there by reducing post harvest losses. It also adds value to the fish and in this way the farmer can fetch more money from farmed products. Although the technology has been around for several years amongst the fishing communities, it is not well known amongst fish farmers. There is need to bring fish fanners on board to know how to construct the smoking kiln through the stapes out lined below.

Description: An overview of the biology and ecology of some of the constantly less important commercial species is given below. These included Bagrus docmac, Clarias gariepinus, Protopterus aethiopicus, Labeo victorianus, Barbus spp, Mormyrids, Synodontis spp, and Schilbe intermedius. The stocks of most of these species declined due to over-exploitation and introduction of non-native fishes especially Nile perch. A few of these taxa still survive in the main lake and others in satellite lakes. The current status of these species in the Victoria lake basin is not known but the available information provided some information on some habitat and other requirements of some of these originally important species of the Victoria lake basin.

Description: The number and size composition of gillnets, fishing grounds and thequantity and composition offish catches were related to the size of fishing boat. Theoverall number of gillnets per boat increased from 20.9 ± 2.3 nets in 5-6 m long boatsto 88.6 ± 11.8 nets in 11-12 m long boats. The proportion of large mesh sizes, 〉127mm, also increased from 40.4% in 5-6 m long boats to 100% in boats 〉10 m long. Themajority of large boats, 2:8.0 m long, fished in offshore waters targeting Nile perch,Lates niloticus (L.). Boats 〈8.0 m long fished inshore principally for Nile tilapia,Oreochromis niloticus (L.), although Nile perch was also a major component ofthecatch. Nile tilapia and other fish contributed 31.0-59.9% ofthe catch by weight. Meancatch rates increased from 12.6 ± 1.9 kg in 5-6 m long boats to 78.2 ± 16.4 kg in 1112m long boats. Most Nile perch landed from boats 〈8.0 m long were 〈50 cm TL,smaller than the legal minimum harvest size, whereas 〈17% of Nile perch landed fromlarger boats were 〈50 cm TL. Fish catch is related to the size of boat and this shouldbe considered when formulating management guidelines of the lake's fishery.Promotion of large fishing boats 2:8.0 m and restrictions on the number of boats and/or mesh size of gillnets of smaller boats could increase ecological and socio-economic benefits.

Description: Kyoga basin lakes are a very important natural resource for' the communitieswithin the lake basin and beyond. Fisheries of the Kyoga basin lakes enablemillions of poor fishers, processors and traders to diversify their livelihoodstrategies on the basin of income while at the same time supplying vast numbersof poor consumers with essential nutrition. Fish is particularly important for thepoor as it is often the most readily available and affordable source of protein andother micronutrients crucial to a healthy diet. The lakes also generate substantialrevenue to the local governments within their catchment's area. Thus thefisheries of Kyoga basin lakes are a key instrument in poverty eradication and ."food security

Description: The massive water hyacinth mats that covered water bodies in the 1990s had serious social and economic impacts. They affected fishing, transportation, water quality and health of fishing communities as well as production of goods and services of lake-based institutions (commercial establishments). At peak infestations, the communities and institutions were aware of and participated readily in control effort. However, after the major collapse of hyacinth in 1998, some of them relaxed in their control efforts. The status of knowledge, perception, impacts, preparedness and role of the lakeside communities and institutions to control the weed has, therefore, been monitored since the major resurgence of the weed to find out if the lakeside communities and institutions still perceive water hyacinth as a problem and the extent to which they are prepared to sustain control

Description: FIRRI Technical Document, Draft 2, April 2002

Description: Biodiversity is the natural biological capital of the earth and represents important opportunities for all nations. It provides goods and services which support human livelihood. The protection of these assets, and their sustainable exploitation offer the means by which humanity can hope to sustain his own well being. Losing of genes within species, species within ecosystems and ecosystems within regions result into disturbances within the environment and reduces the benefits that the system can supply. The United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) which came into effect at the Earth's Summit in Rio de Jeneiro in June 1992 defines Biological Diversity as "the variability among living organisms from all sources including inter alia, terrestrial, marine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part;' this includes diversity within species; between species and ecosystems."

Description: On Title page: The Ugandan version. PDF also includes Executive Summary.

Description: Schistosomiasis a water-borne socio-economically devastating disease commonly found among lake shore dwellers in areas where it is endemic. The Lake basin supports an estimated 30 million people many of them fisherfolk who directly depend on abundant water resources but are often exposed to water-borne diseases including Schistosomiasis. Other water related intestinal bacterial diseases like the salmonellas and Shigellas, do occur at the Lake Victoria basin but are less frequently reported and probably of less importance in comparison to Schistosomiasis. We investigated the prevalence, endemicity ,and epidemiology of the Schistosomiasis including its obligate intermediate host populations at various sites along the shores of northern Lake Victoria over a four month period during the year 2000. The investigation was carried out with the aim of generating information on the intensity and spread of Schistosomiasis. This information will be used in formulating a Schistosomiasis control programme. When put in place, it will enhance positive development in the health of the fisherfolk communities thus reciprocally improve and promote their productive capacities hence incomes.

Description: Gross ecological changes in the Lake Victoria ecosystem have been attributed to the role of species stockings particularly predation pressure by the Nile perch. Evidence for the decline attributed to the role of species stockings particularly ecological changes. Ecological theory predicts that natural fluctuations would occur in fisheries where predators and prey species could alternate in abundance.

Description: Algae are microscopic plants in aquatic environments, and inc}ude blue-green algae (Cyanobacteria), green algae (Chlorophytes) diatoms (Bacillariohytes), Cryptophytes and Chrysophytes. Several of these groups co-exist but some may be absent due to environmental limitations existing in a specific water body. Algae are important in the aquatic food chains because algal primary production provi~es the basis for which the aquatic food linkages culminating in the fish production. Several groups of algae in communal or symbiotic association with bacteria mediate many biogeochemical processes, which characterise aquatic habitats, such as nitrogen, carbon, iron, sulphur recycling and consumption of oxygen. However, excess algal production in aquatic ecosystems can lead to deleterious effects, including deterioration in the water quality due to production of phycotoxins, reduced photosynthetic rates due to self-shadding and high BOD due to algal biomass collapse. The health of Lake Victoria is directly related to human impacts on the fisheries, wetland buffers and water quality

Description: A comprehensive Frame survey was carried out in lakes Kwania, Kyoga and the Kyoga basin minor lakes which include Lake Sisina in 2002 (Figure 1). The Frame survey was coordinated by the Department of Fisheries Resources (DFR) assisted by the National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NAFIRRI) with technical support. The riparian districts through the sub-county fisheries officesand the BMUs provided the enumerators and supervisors. The frame surveycaptured all the important characteristics of the fisheries and facilities supporting the fisheries and thus provides a strong baseline for future reference of management interventions in the basin.

Description: On title page: THEME 3: Enhancing Integrated Management of Natural Resources PROJECT: Generation of Knowledge and Technologies that Ensure Sustainable Utilization of Fish Stocks (Capture Fisheries) on Lakes Kyoga, Kwania, Bisina, Albert And Albert Nile.

Description: The physical-chemical characteristics of any aquatic ecosystem include pH, conductivity, and temperature, water transparency, nutrient and the chlorophyll-a levels. Physical and chemical factors of any ecosystem determine the type and quality of flora present in it and these forms the basis on which the system operates. The elements required in largest amounts for plant productions are carbon, phosphorus, nitrogen, and silicon, which is important for diatoms as a major component of the cell wall. Nutrients may limit algal productivity in the tropics despite the high temperature there allowing rapid nutrient recycling. Nutrients most likely to be limiting African lakes are nitrogen (Tailing & Tailing 1965; Moss 1969; Lehman & Branstrator 1993, 1994) and phosphorus (Melack et al 1982; Kalff 1983) while silicon may limit diatom growth (Hecky & Kilham 1988).

Description: There are diverse stakeholders in Lake Victoria fisheries ranging from boat orgear owners, fishing crew groups, local traders, small and large processors tofishery managers, environmentalists, conservationists, educational institutions todevelopment partners and project coordinators. Many of these cluster stakeholdershave their own interests and solutions to challenges they face or perceive. Gettingall of the stakeholders to think the same about research findings is almostimpossible Therefore, categorising issues based on some of the challengesfacing Lake Victoria fisheries is one way that allows the diversity of stakeholdersto bring out what the identified actors are expected of. A synthesis of findingsfrom stakeholder views and recommendations is thus given under the differentissues.

Description: Water hyacinth was first reported in Uganda about ten years ago when it was found in Lake Kyoga in 1988 and Lake Victoria the following year. Over the years the water weed developed two patterns of distribution namely the stationary mat formation along the shores and extensive mobile mats resident in sheltered bays. The rate of infestation of the stationary mats peaked between 1993 and 1995 when the water weed covered an estimated 2,200 ha, 570 ha, and 500 ha of the shores of Lake Victoria in Uganda, Lake Kyoga and of River Nile, respectively. The stationary weed formation had covered about 80%,60% and 80% of the length of the respective shorelines

Description: Prepared for Task Force on Water Hyacinth Presidential Economic Council

Description: Nile perch (Mputa), Lates niloticus was introduced into Lakes Victoria and Kyoga from lake Albert to increase fish production of these lakes by feeding on and converting the small sized haplochromines (Nkejje) which were abundant in these lakes into a larger table fish. It was, however, feared that Nile perch would prey on and deplete stocks of the native fishes and affect fish species diversity. Nile perch became well established and is currently among the three most important commercial species. It is presently the most important export fish commodity from Uganda. Considerable changes have taken place in fishery yield, and in life history characteristics of the Nile perch itself since the predator got established in Lakes Victoria and Kyoga.

Description: All chapters begin page 1. On title page: Ugandan version. Chapter 3.

Description: Since 1951, several specie's of fish have been introduced to Lake Victoria with a twin object of establishing stocks of commercially valuable species capable of exploiting an ecological niche which was under-utilized, and of yielding adults whose large size would encourage the reintroduction of 5 inch gill-nets. Data were collected from lakes Victoria, Mburo, Kachera, Wamala, Kayugi, Nabugabo in the Victoria lake basin, Kyoga, Nawampasa and Nakuwa in the Kyoga lake basin and rivers Nile and Sio. Some satellite lakes in the Victoria and Kyoga lake basins since 1997 to date on the distribution, population structure, Length! weight relationships, condition factor, food, sex ratios and size at first maturity of 0. niloticus, 0. leucostictus and T zillii. Most 0. niloticus were encountered in the middle waters (4.1 p.n) followed by offshore waters (3 p.n) and fewest in the inshore waters (2.5 p.n) while were mostly in offshore waters (3.3 p.n) followed by inshore waters (2.8 p.n) and lowest in middle waters (1.8 p.n). Most 0. niloticus and 0. leucostictus lay in the size class of 16.0-20.9 cm TL (26.2 % and 41.5 % respectively), while it was 11.0-15.9 cm TL (55 %) for T zillii. 0. niloticus from River Sio had a very high condition factor K of 6.17. For 0. leucostictus 2.08 was the highest from Lake Wamala and 2.52 for T zillii from Lake Kyoga. Overall, the Blue green algae were the most important food group of both 0. niloticus and 0. leucostictus (43 % and 41.6 % respectively) while it was Diatoms for T zillii (16.5 %). There were generally more males than females in all the species giving ratios of 1:0.97 in 0. niloticus, 1:0.82 in 0. leucostictus and 1:0.63 in T zillii. Results from this study show that there are. major differences in the abundance, population structure, condition factor, size at first maturity and food of 0. niloticus in the lakes examined.

Description: A study on the fish stocks and feeding habitats of Lates niloticus in the Northern portion of lake Victoria , Uganda. A general decline in catch rates and total landings was observed this was due to among other factors, overfishing, use of beach seines and smaller mesh gillnets and predation on some of the species by Lates niloticus.

Description: Fish ponds are more popular because they are easier and cheaper to construct. However, manyindividuals who may be interested in engaging in fish fanning using earthen ponds, do not knowhow to construct fish ponds. Below is a step by step procedure for constructing a simple earthenpond. Fish fanning is the practice of keeping fish In artificially constructed water enclosures. InUganda, the practice is popularly carried out in earthen ponds, though fish can also be kept in tanksand cages.

Description: pamphlet

Description: The purpose of this brochure is to communicate research results on economic returns for fishing enterprises on Lakes Albert, Kyoga and Victoria and strategies for enhancing market access, aimed at improving incomes of fishers.

Description: pamphlet

Description: Management of fisheries resources requires informationon the fish stocks; the magnitude, distribution and trendsof fishing effort and the trends of fish catches. CatchAssessment Surveys (CAS) in Lake Victoria are one ofthe ways through which the partner states sharing thelake are generating the key information required. In the Uganda part of the lake, CAS activities are carried out at 54 fish landing sites in the 11 riparian districts. The National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI), the Department of Fisheries Resources (DFR), and the Districts of Busia, Bugiri, Mayuge, Jinja, Mukono, Wakiso, Kampala, Mpigi, Masaka, Kalangala and Rakai jointly conduct the surveys, The CAS enumerators are recruited from thefishing communities and work under direct supervisionof sub-county fisheries officers. This fact sheet presents catch statistics for the period 2005 to 2007

Description: A comprehensive Frame survey was carried out by the National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NAFIRRI) in Lake Albert in January 2007. The frame survey captured the main characteristics of the fisheries and facilities supporting the fisheries and provides baseline information for reference of other studies as well as management interventions.

Description: A baseline survey of the fishing communities wasconducted in 2005/06 as one of the main studies underthe Socio-economic Research and Monitoring WorkingGroup on Lake Victoria. The overall objective of thesurvey was to provide a deeper understanding of thebroad socio-economic characteristics and well being ofthe different stakeholder groups immediately dependenton the Lake Victoria fisheries. An understanding of socioeconomic status of the fishery primary stakeholders, who include fishers, artisanal processors and traders, isessential for any subsequent periodic evaluation ofdevelopment. During the survey, a total of 1,235respondents were interviewed, at 34 landing sites in allthe Ugandan districts on Lake Victoria.The purpose of this fact sheet is to provide informationon the fish landing beaches, people involved in fisheries,their livelihood activities and facilities available to them.

Description: Nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus) a fish introduced into Lake Victoria to boost the fishery industry after the Nile perch lates niloticus fed on the native tilapiine oreochromis esculentus and Oreochromis viabillis to almost extinction has been proposed to be cultured in the Lake Victoria. The fact sheet explains the culture of Nile tilapia in cages in Lake Victoria, Uganda.

Description: During the period 25th - 29th May 1993 a team of research scientists and from UFFRO conducted afisheries resources evaluation survey of Lake Wamala. This was a follow up of the previous surveys on the lake aimed at accessing the status of the fisheries of the lake with particular respect to the species composition, size structure of the harvestable fish stocks and the relative abundance of the stocks.

Description: Control and management of Uganda fishery resources has been hindered by among other factors the multispecies nature of the resource and the characteristic behaviour of the fishing communities. Fishermen have both genuine and uncompromising attitudes as to why they carry out certain fishing technologies. All fishing activities aim at maximizing the catches or profits while others may fish on a small scale for subsistence. Sensitizing the" fisherfolk on the appropriate fishing technologies, importance of awell regulated fishery exploitation and their participation in control and management of the resource would enhance or lead to increased and sustainable fish production. Socio-economics of fishing technologies were therefore examined using prepared questionnaires and reasons why the fishing communities behave the way they do established.

Description: A casual study of the hydrological map of Uganda would convince every serious fisherman and fisheater that he is most favoured to be in Uganda. The extent and distribution of the country's aquatic system plus the rich variety of fish species there is promises a fishery potential of considerable magnitude:The open waterways comprised by the Uganda portions of Lakes Victoria, Albert and Edward; and Lakes Kyoga, George plus minor lakes Wamala, Kijanebarora, mutanda, etc. occupy about 15% of the total surface area (91,000 m2; Depart. Land Survey, 1962). Most of the nation's fish supplies are currontly from this source.1.2. A rich network of permanent and seasonal rivers and streams filling and/or emptying various water systems covers most of Uganda. This aquatic network is associated with a fish fauna whose immense significance as a source of protein is perhaps better appreciated by the local subsistance fisherman and consumer than by the fisheries scientist and manager in this country. Many species of this fish fauna have strong affinities with the open water systems while some are typically riverine.1.3. Then there are wetlands composed mainly of expanses of swamp, but including some areas of bog. These cover about 2% of the country. While the variety of fish fauna found here is limited by the rather hostile nature of the environment (comparatively de-oxygenated under a canopy of dense stands of emergont vegetation) several specialised fishes e.g. Clarias spp. and Protpterus aethiopicus (Kamongo) occur here.Availability of permanent and seasonal sources of water, well distributed throughout most areas of Uganda, opens up immense potential for a variety of aquaculture practices. However, while active exploitation of much of these fishery resources is currently underway, important questions regarding the magnitudes of the various resource potentials and dynamics, and about suitable levels and modes of exploitation, are yet unanswered. These gaps in knowledge go about the fishery resources of Uganda would hinder formulation of adequate development and managementschemes. This short paper examines some of the above problems and suggests some approaches towards balanced oxploitation and management of the fisheries of Uganda.

Description: Presented at the Seminar: The current state and planned development strategies of the fisheries of Lakes Victoria and Kyoga

Description: A review of the historical development of the fishery resources of the Kyoga basin shows that the fishery based on the alien fishes which surplanted the indigenous species in the 1960's and early 1970's has been evolving. The record catches of the 19705 and early 1980's were mainly influenced by increased nutrient supply and enlarged lake volume. The sudden collapse in the fishery particularly of the Nile perch in the mid 1980's was most probably imposed by bad fishing regimes. However, future trends in the fisheries of the Kyoga basin will most likely be controlled by nutrient availability and dynamics as well as by the impact of mans activities in the Kyoga catchment.

Description: The National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NAFIRRI), the Department of Fisheries Resources (DFR) and the districts in and around Lake Victoria jointly conduct Catch Assessment Surveys (CAS) with a major objective of providing information on the magnitude of fish catches in the lake. Fisheries contribute as high as 12% to Uganda's GDP. Catch assessment surveys are some of the avenues used to collect information for monitoring fish population dynamics as well as the magnitude, distribution and trends of fishing effort and fish catches. They are necessary for making sound decisions for the management of Lake Victoria fisheries. This information provides the Catch Per Unit ofEffort (CPUE). The CPUE is used together with frame survey data to estimate total fish catches.

Description: Control and management of Uganda fishery resources has been hindered by among other factors the multispecies nature of the resource and the characteristic behaviour of the fishing communities. Fishermen have both genuine and uncompromising attitudes as to why they carry out certain fishing technologies. All fishing activities aim at maximizing the catches or profits while others may fish on a small scale for subsistence. Sensitizing the" fisherfolk on the appropriate fishing technologies. importance of awell regulated fishery exploitation and their participation in control and management of the resource would enhance or lead to increased and sustainable fish production. Socio-economics of fishing technologies were therefore examined using prepared questionnaires and reasons why the fishing communities behave the way they do established.

Description: The Artisanal Fisheries Rehabilitation Project (AFRP) Uganda Freshwater Fisheries Research Organisation (UFFRO) Survey was conducted during January - March 1989. The aim of the survey was to evaluate the impact of the AFRP on the national fisheries, assessing the current catch levels, and determining the socio-economic position of the fishermen. On the catch assessment, the survey collected information more specifically on the following:(i) Fish production in Uganda by major species groups.(li) Size structure of the harvested fish.(iii) Catch per unit of effort (CPUE) for the major fish species.

Description: Artisanal Fisheries Rehabilitation Project

Description: Joint Fisheries Survey, Report no. 2

Description: This report presents information on the development of a system for commercial harvesting of Rastrineobola argentea (Mukene) in Lake Victoria.The objective of this work is to develop a system for commercial Harvesting of Mukene with: •Targeted output above 1,000 kg per working night per boat.•Target area to be off shore waters of Lake Victoria.•Drying under hygienic conditions for production of high quality poultry and animal feeds.•Supply to be continuous with predicable prices

Description: The purpose of this paper is to examine the impact of commercialization on the livelihood of local people. The paper attempts to provide an understating of the key elements of the local livelihoods and how they are affected by the process of commercialization within fisheries.

Description: Paper prepared for the Meeting for the Network of Environmental Journalists for Lake Victoria, Nairobi, Kenya, 7-8 February, 2002

Description: A relatively small (180 km) and shallow (4.3 metres maximumdepth in 1974) Lake Wamala, in central Uganda, was in 1956stocked with the tilapiine species mainly Oreochromis niloticus (Tilapia nilotica), O. leucostictus (T. leucosticta) and Tilapia zillii (Okaronon 1987). The Lake provided a successful and profitable commercial fishing after it was opened to commercial fishing in 1960. During the 1960s and early 1970s the annual landed catches were estimated at 5000 metric tons on average; over 50% of the landed catch was composed of O. niloticus. A maximum of 250 canoes were licensed to operate on thi lake annually and each canoe was permitted to use a maximum of 10 gillnets of not less than 127mm mesh. Most of the fish was sold fresh to local communities and also to distant markets including Kampala.Following increasing number of canoes during the late 1960sand increased use of small mesh-sized (illegal) gillnets - and other illegal fishing practices - the annual fish production from the lake declined by about 93% from 7100 tons in 1967 to 500 tons in 1982 (Okaronon, op. cit). The average weight of the landed individual fish of O. niloticus - the predominant commercial fish species - also declined by about 57% from 716g in 1969 to 305g by 1976. During the period 1981/86 the area surrounding the lake was subjected to a guerrilla war and period of drought, resulting in a virtual halt of fishing activity and reduction in the size of the lake, respectively. These, too, inevitably led to stunting in the fishery and, consequently, to almost no commercial fish production.In 1988, following the end of the guerrilla war, scientificsurveys of the lake's fisheries resources were resumed. Thesurveys aimed at assessing the status of the lake's fisheryfollowing the 1981/86 period of no fishing activity and prolonged dry season. The specific objectives included the determination of (a) catch composition, (b) the size structure of the harvestable fish stocks based on length frequency distribution, and (c) an estimate of abundance of exploited fish stocks based on catch per unit of effort. This paper, therefore, presents some of the results of the surveys during the period 1988-1991.

Description: Weeds are plants growing in environments where they are undesirable. Aquatic weeds in fresh waters are nuisance or noxious plants growing in association with water in lakes, impoundment, rivers, canals, wetlands, etc. Some waterweeds cause very big financial loss through the socio economic, environmental and ecological impacts they inflict; and through the effort and expense required for their control. Other waterweeds are simply nuisance plants that cause minimal impacts. This paper is intended to introduce aquatic weeds outlining their characteristics, the main socio-economic and environmental impacts associated with them, and the control strategies often applied for their management.

Description: ACP - EU Fisheries and Biodiversity Project

Description: All biological aspects of the stock are of scientific interest. Specific biological parameters are used either in estimating; yield, or providing a basis for suggesting fisheries management strategies, growth, mortality and stock size are the main determinants of yield, and aspects such as the timing of spawning and recruitment are important in considering management measures.In fisheries science, fish biology contributes in two broad areas;a) Basic biology and distribution of resource spp b) Population dynamics of the species An exploited fish stock is viewed as a simple biological system consisting of stock-biomass which is increased by growth and recruitment, and is reduced by natural-mortality and fishing mortality.

Description: ACP - EU Fisheries and Biodiversity Project

Description: Lake Kyoga at the time of Worthington Survey (Worthington, 1929) was fished by only natives around it. The fishing gears consisted of locally made basket traps, hooks and seine nets made out of papyrus. Fishing was mainly during the dry season as in wet season, the fishers would revert to crop growing. During 1937 to 1950s Oreochromis variabilis, oreochromis esculentus (Ngege) and Protopterus aethiopicus (Mamba) were the most important commercial fish species and contributed over 95% to the total landings until early 1950s when their proportions started to change as a result of changes in fishing techniques. The tilapiines' were then being caught using mainly basket traps and P.aethiopicus was caught in hooks prior to the mid 1950s.

Description: ACP - EU Fisheries and Biodiversity Project

Description: Proceedings of a Training Workshop, 12th - 16th June 2001, Jinja, Uganda

Description: The census of a fishing industry is called a frame survey. This is a rather comprehensive term, because there are many aspects of a fishery which one might wish to know. This is illustrated by the report on the partial census executed by the ADP/FS on the southern landings of L.Kyoga during December 1988, which deals with many socio-economic aspects of fishermen's households.

Description: Agricultural Development Project

Description: Uganda is rich in aquatic resources. Up to 17 % of the country's surface area is covered by Aquatic systems comprising five major lakes; Victoria, Albert, Kyoga, Edward, George, about 160 minor lakes, an extensive river and stream system, dams and ponds. These aquatic systems are associated with extensive swamps

Description: ACP - EU Fisheries and Biodiversity Project

Description: Proceedings of a Training Workshop, 12th - 16th June 2001, Jinja, Uganda

Description: The fisheries resources of Kyoga basin lakes are of greater socio-Economic significance for the poor rural communities of this area. The lake's fisheries provide the much needed animal protein as well as source of income for the fishers and the rural poor communities. Nationally, Kyoga basin lakes fisheries are economically important in that they contribute 27% of the total national fish production. In addition, more than 15 riparian districts depend on it for food and income. Moreover, fish from lakes Kyoga and Kwania playa major role in the regional export commodity trade earning the country foreign exchange. The perception that heavy exploitation of inland fishery resources threatens a loss of socio-economic benefits to local communities and their governments has prompted the new ways of management.

Description: ACP - EU Fisheries and Biodiversity Project

Description: Proceedings of a Training Workshop, 12th - 16th June 2001, Jinja, Uganda

Description: For the formulation of policies, laws and regulations for management of fisheries and aquatic systems there is a requirement for scientific knowledge to guide in this formulation. Such knowledge is used to guide in sustainable management of capture fisheries, integrating lake productivity processes into fisheries management, prevention of pollution and eutrophication of the aquatic environment, control of invasive weeds e.g. water hyacinth, enhancement of aquaculture production, reduction of post-harvest fish losses and ensuring fish quality, development of options for optimization of socio-economic benefits from fisheries and for co-management.

Description: ACP - EU Fisheries and Biodiversity Project

Description: Proceedings of a Training Workshop, 12th - 16th June 2001, Jinja, Uganda

Description: The combined effects of lack of effective managementmeasures, over-exploitation with destructive fishinggears, and interspecific competition, particularly among tilapiines have had profound effects on the fish stocks of Lakes Victoria and Kyoga. It has been proposed that these have been more important in the decline of the indigenous fisheries than predation or competition from Nile perch.The purpose of this paper is to provide an assessment of the dramatic changes in the fisheries of Lakes Victoria and Kyoga . Both lakes have experienced almost similar changes for which Lates could not have been wholly responsible.

Description: The current situation is that, by any measure, most fisheries worldwide are fully over exploited. This is also true of the Uganda's fisheries where the effort needed to catch fish has increased, and the average size of fish and of stocks have both declined. A productive fisheries offers many benefits: food for local consumption; raw materials for industry; employment that generates income, which in turn encourages other industrial, commercial and service activities; export markets that can be identified and met to generate hard currency, The national economy also benefits from import substitution and·opportunities for increased taxation. But for fisheries to be productive it is not enough to produce, products must be marketed. Fishers have to learn the lesson that it is no longer enough to expect production to drive the market; success will come from producing what the market demands. It is hoped that co-management can play a big role in harnessing the various energies for sustainable development and management of the fisheries resources.

Description: ACP - EU Fisheries and Biodiversity Project

Description: Proceedings of a Training Workshop, 12th - 16th June 2001, Jinja, Uganda

Description: Satellite lakes and rivers in the Victoria and Kyoga basins provide a sanctuary for endangered native fish species. The structural heterogeneity of macrophyte covering these lakes has made it possible for most of the biodiversity to be kept intact. The Kyoga minor lakes have the highest fish species diversity especially of the haplochromines. Most fish communities of these satellite lakes are composed of native species.

Description: The poster explains the effects of aquatic plants to fisheries and how they can be controlled.

Description: The poster explains human activties carried out in critical fish habitats such as breeding and nursery zones.

Description: The poster explains how to make value additions to mollusc shells for income generation among the fishing communities of Lake Victoria, Uganda

Description: This report presents findings of the CAS conducted in the Ugandan waters of Lake Victoria in December 2015. The results of the previous thirteen harmonized CASs conducted since July 2005 (July, August, September and November 2005; in March, August and December 2006; in March and August 2007; in February and December 2008; March 2010; May 2011 and May 2014) are included to show the emerging trends. The report also presents annual catch estimates for the Ugandan part of the lake from 2005 to 2015. This information together with other fish stock assessment and socio-economic monitoring survey data can now be utilized in the planning and management of the fisheries resources of Lake Victoria. The 2014 CAS results were very vital in the development of the Lake Victoria Fisheries Management Plan 2014.

Description: Over the period 2008 to 2010, NaFIRRI carried out a number of socio-economic studies on the Kyoga lakes to provide an update of the socio-economic conditions of the fisheries and also to address specific areas of fisheries socio-economic issues and development concerns. The data collection was conducted using Key informant interviews, questionnaire sample surveys, Focus Group Discussions, secondary data searches and field observations. The objective of this fact sheet is, therefore, to provide key information from these studies for use at national, district, community levels as well as by other interested stakeholders.

Description: This CAS report provides estimates of the quantities of fish landed in the riparian districts sharing the Ugandan waters of Lake Victoria; the monetary value of the fish catches; the contribution of different fish species to the catches; and the trends in fish catch rates, and the monthly catches for the sampled month since the beginning of harmonized CAS activities in July 2005 to December 2015. The report also compares the annual catch and gross beach value of catch landings in 2005, 2006, 2007, 2010, 2014 and 2015. A total of 15 CASs have been undertaken in the Uganda sector of the lake with data gaps in 2009, 2012 and 2013 due to financial constraints. The annual catch estimates for the years 2010, 2011, 2014 and 2015 were based on one sampling covering the rainy season and may not capture changes that could occur in dry season. There is need to include dry season sampling in future surveys.

Description: Catch effort data on which fisheries management regulations are sometimes basedare not available for most lakes in Uganda. However, failure to regulate fishing gearsand methods has been a major cause of collapse of fisheries in the country. Fisherieshave been damaged by destructive and non-selective fishing gears and methods suchas trawling and beach seining, by use of gill nets of mesh size which crop immaturefish and by introduction of mechanised fishing. Selectivity of the gears used to cropLates niloticus L. (Nile perch), Oreochromis niloticus L. (Nile tilapia) and Rastrineobolaargentea (Mukene) which are currently the most important commercial species inUganda were examined in order to recommend the most suitable types, sizes andmethods that should be used in exploiting these fisheries. Gill nets of less than 127mm mainly cropped immature Nile tilapia and Nile perch. To protect these fisheries,the minimum mesh size of gill nets should be set at 127 mm. Seine nets of 5 mm docatch high proportions of immature Mukene while those of 10 mm catch mainly matureMukene. When operated inshore, both sizes catch immature Nile perch and Niletilapia as by-catch. To protect the Mukene fishery and avoid catching immature byecatch,a minimum mesh size of the Mukene net should have been 10 mm operated asLampara type net offshore but since most fishermen have been using the 5 mm seinefor over five years the minimum size should not be allowed to drop below 5 mmpending further thorough investigations. Beach seining, trawling and are destructive tofisheries and should be prohibited until data that may justify their use is available.

Description: Economic and Ecological Values of Lake Victoriaa) Source of fish as food, employment, income, and export earning and I therefore important in poverty eradication plan,b) Source of clean water,c) An avenue for transport- locally and regionally,d) Used recreation; ande) High fish species diversity which were of ecological and economic value

Description: This is a report of the study on the contribution of Lake Victoria fisheries to economic growth, poverty reduction and development in Uganda. Tl1e purpose of the study was to establish the existing knowledge and data on fisheries contribution to Uganda's economy at the national and household levels and asses gaps that would be addressed through further research and data collection. The study was conducted using two methods: A review of literature was done by reviewing documents, references, reports and published statistics at NaFIRRI, Makerere university, Ministry of Finance, Planning and Economic Development, Depart1nent of Fisheries Resources Entebbe (DFR), Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS) and Ministry of Trade and Industry and to UFPEA. This provided infor1nation about Lake Victoria stakeholders covering their incomes, 1narketing chain and revenue data. Secondly, key Informant Interviews (IZIIs) were l1eld with staff at Makerere University, Ministry of Finance, Planning and conomic Development, Depart1nent of Fisheries Resources Entebbe (DFR), Uganda Bureau of Statistics (UBOS), and Ministry of Trade and Industry The report covers fisheries contribution in the areas of production and Gross Domestic Product (GDP), emploY1nent, incomes, artisanal and industrial processing, domestic, regional and international1narketing, consumption and public revenues.

Description: The monitoring of fish stocks as well as the magnitude, distribution and trends of fishing effort and fish catches is required for sound fisheries resources management. Conducting regular Catch Assessment Surveys (CASs) in Lake Victoria is one of the ways through which the partner states sharing the lake are generating information to contribute to the above process. The EU funded Implementation of a Fisheries Management Plan (IFMP) project for Lake Victoria through the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organisation (LVFO) is supporting the implementation of regionally harmonised CASs in Lake Victoria . The CASs under IFMP are following a statistical design laid down in Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) agreed by the three partner states of the EastAfrican Community sharing the lake. In the Ugandan part of the lake, the CASs are carried out at 54 fish landing sites selected in the eleven riparian districts sharing the lake. The National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NAFIRRI), Jinja; the Department of Fisheries Resources (DFR), Entebbe; and the Districts of Busia, Bugiri, Mayuge, Jinja, Mukono, Wakiso, Kampala, Mpigi, Masaka, Kalangala and Rakai jointly conduct the surveys. The CAS enumerators are recruited from the fishing communities and work under direct supervision of subcounty Fisheries Officers. NaFIRRI seeks to continue strengthening the engagement of the Beach Management Units (BMUs) and other fisheries Co-management Institutions in fisheries data collection .

Description: Implementation of a Fisheries Management Plan (IFMP) Project for Lake Victoria

Description: Lake Victoria had very high diversity of fish and other aquatic organisms and avaried ecosystem. Diversity of the biotic communities declined and theecosystem deteriorated due to excessive fishing pressure, alien fish stockingsand poor management of the watershed. This affected the diversity of theecosystem, the species and the gene pool. Local, national, regional andinternational actions have and are still being implemented to conserve andenhance species and genetic diversity by: controlling fishing effort; identifyingand protecting endangered species and habitats; mapping and setting upconservation areas; and controlling pollution and eutrophication of the fishhabitat.

Description: A Paper Prepared During a Study Leave to the University of Waterloo, Canada, June 2001

Description: There are two functioning research and training vessels in Uganda owned by Fisheries Resources Research Institute at JinJa. R.V. IBIS (180HP) and: R.V MPUTA(125HP) though both functioning they are constantly breading down and. lack some essential navigation and safety equipments The two vessels are currently in use 1O days permonths each and have occasionally been borrowed. by Lake Victoria Environmental, Management Project (LVEMP) and other foreign institutions for offshore linmological sampling. R.V IBIS is maintained by Lake Victoria Regional Fisheries Research, Project-(LVFRP) and R.V. MPUTA is to be maintained by LVEMP. Several outlined planned research and training activities needing the services of the vessels, have been identified along with the estimated running and maintenance costs for the period the vessel, would be in use. The institutions with planned activities needing the services, of these vessels, were glad that the idea was timely and reduces on the costs encourages sharing of scientific knowledge and collaboration. The planned activities were identified mainly in national training and management institutions and regional offshore, limnological sampling.

Description: Institution arrangements for the control and management of water hyacinth took at least three years to take effect probably because the original Government objective was to formulate an eradication-focussed strategy.

Description: The fisheries of Lake Victoria have undergone many changes in the recent past which have been characterized by shifts in abundance of different fish Species and changes in fishing effort. Monitoring of the population dynamics as well as the magnitude, distribution and trends of fishing effort and fish Catches is probably more necessary now than ever before for sound management of the fisheries of the lake. This will enable the formulation of appropriate fisheries policies and legislation to ensure that the fisheries are sustainable. One of the avenues to collect information to support the above process is through conducting regular Catch Assessment Surveys (CASs). The EU funded Implementation of a Fisheries Management Plan (IFMP)project for Lake Victoria through the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO) is supporting the implementation of regionally harmonized CASs in Lake Victoria. The CASs under IFMP are following a statistically design laid down in Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) agreed around the whole lake. In the Ugandan part of the lake, the CASs are carried out at 54 fishlanding sites selected in the eleven districts sharing the lake. They are jointly conducted by the Fisheries Resources Research Institute (FIRRI), Jinja; the Department of Fisheries Resources (DFR), Entebbe; and the Districts of Busia, Bugiri, Mayuge, Jinja, Mukono, Wakiso, Kampala, Mpigi, Masaka, Kalangala and Rakai. The CAS enumerators are recruited from the fishingcommunities and work under direct supervision of sub county Fisheries Officers. It is planned to involve the recently formed Beach Management Units (BMUs) in fisheries data collection when modalities for their roles have been streamlined.

Description: Implementation of a Fisheries Management Plan (IFMP) Project for Lake Victoria

Description: Micro-projects is a component of the LVEMP project that aims at improving thelivelihoods of the poor communities around the lake's basin through empowering thecommunities to construct and rehabilitate their basic socio-economic infrastructuresfrom which the communities can benefit and; empowering them to safeguard theirresources. Twenty micro-projects under LVEMP in Uganda were assessed to establishthe pre-project situation, the process of implementation, planning and sustainability ofthe micro projects.

Description: Objectives: 1) Provide information on the biology and ecology of the fishes to be used for sustainable exploitation of the fisheries and for improvement of stocks of endangered fish species.2) Provide information on the biodiversity of the lake's flora and fauna to be used in conservation of biodiversity and overall stability of the ecosystem.

Description: In 1996 the World Bank (WB) and Global Environmental Facility (GEF) inresponse to a proposal limit the three riparian countries around Lake Victoria providedfunding to initiate the Lake Victoria Environmental Management Program in order toaddress concerns about detrimental changes in the lake environment. The most visiblechanges in the lake were dramatic increases in fish yields after the introduction of theNile perch, increased algal abundance and reduced transparency, rapid spreading of theexotic water hyacinth, and reduced populations of endemic and native fishes. Lessvisible, but in some ways more threatening, were the potential for toxic and microbialpollution from agrochemical use, industrial and municipal effluents, toxic algae andincreases in water borne disease incidence as water quality was degraded

Description: Contains: Science and the Lake Victoria Environment Management Program (LVEMP): Progress during LVEMP1 and challenges for the future; and Draft Uganda Stocktaking report.

Description: Aquaculture production in Uganda is steadily increasing to levels warranting the need to increase more favourable, attractive & profitable marketing avenues. The need to develop a superior aquaculture products niche is therefore inevitable

Description: pamphlet

Description: The study is prompted by the poverty that has persisted among the fishing communities of Lake Victoria at a time of considerable cash inflow into the fisheries from the development of the fish processing industry. There has been need for an understanding of the poverty and what strategies would be most appropriate for its reduction. This study has attempted torespond to the need by identifying the nature and distribution of the poverty within thefisheries of Lake Victoria, Uganda, the factors responsible for it and the options for povertyreduction intervention.

Description: Enforcement- Fisheries control monitoring and surveillance must be even-handed but this islimited by lack of financial resources. .- Regulations must be practically enforceable otherwise there will be a loss ofcredibility of enforcers .Reasons for failure in fisheries management~ Traditionally, private entities (fishers) are given public rights (knownexclusive access) to a common-pool good (the fishery). In other words,individual can fish from a resource that every one owns in common fortheir own private gain, but they cannot stop anyone from doing the same.Under these conditions, no body has an incentive to conserve theresource, because if they act responsibly they watch others continuefishing. More and more fishers and boats will arrive until profits disappearaltogether, and the long-term health of fishery deteriorates

Description: Paper Presented at FIRRI, Jinja-Lake Victoria Stakeholders workshop, 2001

Description: The mobile water hyacinth, which was produced in growth zones, especially Murchison Bay, was mainly exported to three sheltered storage bays (Thruston, Hannington and Waiya). Between 1996 and May 1998, the mobile form of water hyacinth occupied about 800 ha in Thruston Bay, 750 ha in Hannington Bay and 140 ha in Waiya Bay). Biological control weevils and other factors, including localised nutrient depletion, weakened the weed that was confined to the bays and it sunk around October 1998. The settling to the bottom of such huge quantities of organic matter its subsequent decomposition and the debris from this mass was likely to have environmental impacts on biotic communities (e.g. fish and invertebrate), physico-chemical conditions (water quality), and on socio-economic activities (e.g. at fish landings, water abstraction, and hydro-power generation points). Sunken water.hyacinth debris could also affect nutrient levels in the water column and lead to reduction in the content of dissolved oxygen. The changes in nutrient dynamics andoxygen levels could affect algal productivity, invertebrate composition and fish communities. Socio-economic impacts of dead sunken weed were expected from debris deposited along the shoreline especially at fish landings, water abstractionand hydropower generation points. Therefore, environmental impact assessment studies were carried out between 1998 and 2002 in selected representative zones of Lake Victoria to identify the effects of the sunken water hyacinth biomass

Description: Lake Victoria Environment Management Project (LVEMP)

Description: Uganda is a land locked country with a total area of 241,020,99 sq. Kilometres and liesastride the equator 4°N and 1° latitude and between 29.5°E to 35°E longitudes. It has abimodal rainfall from 300mm in the driest parts to over 2000mm in the water parts of the country. Temperatures are moderate ranging between 16°C and 27°C.

Description: Nile perch, Lates niloticus Linnaeus, 1758, is apredatory fish of high commercial and recreational value.It can grow to a length of 2 m and a weight of 200 kg. InUganda, Nile perch was originally found only in LakeAlbert and the River Nile below Murchison Falls. Thespecies is, however, widely distributed in Africa,occurring in the Nile system below Murchison Falls, theCongo, Niger, Volta, Senegal and in Lakes Chad andTurkana (Greenwood 1966).

Description: Most fish in Uganda comes from lakes Victoria, Albert, Kyoga, Edward, George, about 160 minor lakes and rivers. Fish production of most lakes in Uganda has changed considerably since development of most of the fisheries started during the first half of the 20th century. Analysis of the changes that have taken place in these fisheries provides useful information on the potential and management issues associated with fisheries in Uganda.

Description: The Partner states of the EAC through the Lake Victoria Fisheries Organization (LVFO) are monitoring exploitation of the fisheries resources of Victoria. LVFO has harmonized fisheries data collection around the lake including collection of information on trends of fishing effort and fish catches through Catch Assessment Surveys (CASs). The data generated by CASs provide Catch per unit effort (CPUE), which together with fishing effort information obtained from regular biannual Frame surveys is used to estimate catches. Data from CASs also provide an index of stock size. The monthly catches in this report, covering the period between July 2005 and December 2008 are estimated using raising factors from the 2008 Frame Survey data while those covering March 2010 and September 2011 are estimated using the 2010 Frame Survey.

Description: Lake Victoria is very important to the economies of the three East African partner states producing about 500,000 tons of fish annually worth US $ 600m at the landing sites, and contributed about US$ 217m in export in 2001. This Nile perch export in Uganda is presently estimated at 1GOm in Uganda. 30 million people live in the basin and 10% of this population depends on the lake by catching the fish or engaged in fishery related activities. The dynamics of the fishery of Lake Victoria has changed dramatically since the emergency of the Nile perch fishery in the late 1970s and the subsequent evolution of the processing for Nile perch export. The incentive created by the ready market by the fish processing plants has fuelled rapid increase in fishing effort.

Description: Source of the Nile (SON) Cage Fish farm is located at Bugungu in Napoleon Gulf, northern Lake Victoria, near the headwaters of the River Nile. NaFIRRI has, through a Public-Private collaborative partnership with SON management, undertaken regular monitoring of the cage fish farm since 2011. The objective of the environment monitoring is to track possible environment changes as a result of fish cage operations in the area. The agreed study areas cover selected physical-chemical parameters i.e. water depth, transparency, column temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH and conductivity; nutrient status; biological parameters i.e. algae, zooplankton, macro-benthos and fish communities. The fourth quarter survey which is the subject of this report was undertaken during November 2014. Results/observations made are presented in this technical report along with a scientific interpretation and discussion of the results with reference to possible impacts of the cage facilities to the water environment and aquatic biota.

Description: Source of the Nile Fish farm (SON) is located in northern Lake Victoria close to the headwaters of the River Nile. The proprietors of the farm have established a collaborative agreement with the National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI) to undertake quarterly environment monitoring surveys of the fish cage site at Bugungu in the Napoleon Gulf. This activity is a mandatory requirement of the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA) of Uganda. Therefore NAFIRRI undertakes monitoring surveys once every quarter covering selected physical‐chemical parameters including water column depth, water transparency, water column temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity and nutrient status; algal, zooplankton, macro‐benthos and fish communities. While the first quarter survey of 2013 (January‐March) was missed out due to late decision, the second quarter monitoring survey was dully undertaken in May 2013 and a technical report was compiled and submitted to the client. The present report covers the third quarter survey (July‐September) undertaken in September 2013. Results/observations made are presented in this technical report along with a scientific interpretation and discussion of the results with reference to possible impacts of the cage facilities to the water environment quality and selected aquatic biota.

Description: Source of the Nile Fish farm (SON) is located at Bugungu area in Napoleon Gulf, northern Lake Victoria. The proprietors of the farm requested NaFIRRI to provide technical assistance to undertake regular environment monitoring of the cage site as is mandatory under the NEMA conditions. NAFIRRI agreed to undertake regular environment surveys in the cage area covering selected physical‐chemical factors i.e. water column depth, water transparency, water column temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, redox potential and turbidity; nutrient status, algal and invertebrate communities (micro‐invertebrates/zooplankton and macro‐invertebrates/macro‐benthos) as well as fish community. The first year‐round quarterly surveys were completed for the year 2011. It was decided by SON management to change the frequency of the monitoring surveys to biannual starting in the year 2012 and the first such survey, which is the subject of this report, was undertaken in June 2012. Results/observations made are presented in this technical report along with a scientific interpretation and discussion of the results with reference to possible impacts of the cage facilities to the water environment and aquatic biota. SON

Description: Source of the Nile Fish farm (SON) is located at Bugungu area in Napoleon Gulf, northern Lake Victoria. The proprietors of the farm and the National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI) have an established collaborative arrangement where NaFIRRI provides technical back‐stopping to enable quarterly environment monitoring of the cage site as a mandatory requirement of the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA). The agreed study areas are selected physical‐chemical factors (water depth, water transparency/secchi depth, water temperature, dissolved oxygen, pH, conductivity, and nutrient status), algal community (including primary production), aquatic invertebrates (zooplankton and macro‐benthos) and the fish community. This report presents field observations made during the first quarter (January‐March) field survey undertaken during March 2014; along with scientific interpretation and discussion of the results in reference to possible impacts of the cage facility to the water environment quality and aquatic biota.The

Description: When studying the flight activity of some species of mayflies at Jinja, Uganda in 1956-8, records were also kept of the catches of Neoperla spio (NEWMAN). This stone-fly has a wide distribution in Africa (HYNES, 1952). Little is however known about certain aspects of its biology. And one of the questions that has been raised is -whether the species shows a seasonal or a continuous emergence. My observations, few as they are, might here be of interest. A Robinson mercury vapour light trap, design no. 862769 (ROBINSON, 1952) was employed to attract the insects. The trap was kept in the same position and locality, approximately 150 meters from the shore of Lake Victoria, for the whole of the time when the insects were collected. For details see TJØNNELAND (1960). During the first year (from 14th September 1956 till 6th September 1957) the trap was run every seventh night. The sampling was started at sunset and continued till sunrise the following morning. The trap was emptied every ten minutes, a sampling night yielding seventy two ten-minute samples.

Description: This study aimed at evaluating the production levels in terms of catch estimates of the artisanal fisheries of the Edward-George system in addition to providing information on the facilities and services at landing sites and the composition, magnitude and distribution of fishing effort to guide development and management of the fisheries resources of the Edward and George lakes and Kazinga channel.Specifically, the study was expected to come up with the following outputs:-a) Information on the number of fish landing sites on the basin lakes;b) Information on the facilities available at the fish landing sites to service the fisheries sector ;c) Information on the number of fishers;d) Information on the number and types of fishing crafts;e) Information on the modes of propulsion of the fishing crafts;f) Information on the number types and sizes of fishing gears including the number of illegal fishing gears in the fishery; andg) Recommendations on development and management of the fisheries of the Edward and George lakes and Kazinga channel.h) Beach values in terms of annual catches and annual revenue from the water bodies.

Description: National Agricultural Research Organization

Description: A World Bank team comprising Ernst Lutz (Co-Task Team Leader/Senior SectorEconomist, AFTS2), Mary Bitekerezo (Co-Task Team Leader/Sr. SocialDevelopment Specialist! AFTS2), Robert Hecky (Fisheries and WaterExpert/Consultant), Shem Migot-Adholla (Lead Specialist /AFTS2), Patrick UmahTete (Financial Management Specialist /AFTFM), Richard Olowo (ProcurementSpecialist! AFTPC) reviewed the LVEMP work plans and budgets for Uganda duringthe period April 26-29, 2004. Enid Kyomugisha, Program Assistant provided therequired support.

Description: Two species of the genus Tilapia occur naturally in Lake Victoria. Of these the most abundant and therefore the most important economically, is T. esculenta GRAHAM, and it is, for these reasons that more information is available concerning this species than the related T. variabilis BOULENGER. Thus LOWE (MCCONNELL) (1956) who was the first to make a serious study of the Tilapia species of the lake since the pioneering survey of GRAHAM (1929), dealt in considerable detail with T. esculenta but treated T. variabilis much less fully. Later studies (GARROD 1959) have also been concentrated on T. esculenta. Because of a relaxation in certain areas' of net-size regulations (discussed below) T. variabilis has recently assumed greater economic importance than was the case when restrictions were imposed, and this had called for further study of its general biology and the possible effects of commercial exploitation. The following account represents a preliminary contribution to the information required, and deals almost entirely with observations made in the northern waters of the lake and particularly in the vicinity of Jinja (Uganda).

Description: The annual report presents present activities and achievements for the reporting year 2011/2012. The Objectives of NaFIRRI are highlighted below:a) Generation of knowledge and technologies of strategic importance for the management, development and conservation of fisheries resources and water quality.b) Establishment and management of the human, physical and financial resources of the National Fisheries Resources Research Institute.c) Provision of technical backstopping and capacity building to the Ministry of Agriculture, Animal Industry and Fisheries (MAAIF), Zonal Agricultural Research and Development Institutes (ZARDIs) and other agencies dealing in fisheries research and water quality.d) Development and management of fisheries research information and ensuring collaboration with stakeholders.e) Planning, monitoring and evaluation of all fisheries research programmes undertaken by the institute to ensure conformity with national research strategy.f) Ensuring the quality of knowledge and technologies developed, multiplied and disseminated through uptake pathways.g) Generation of periodic reports on fisheries and water quality research programmes to National Agricultural Research Council (NARC) and other stakeholders.h) Establishment of sustainable linkages and partnerships with local, regional and international research bodies.

Description: The study is prompted by the poverty that persisted among the fishing communities of lake victoria at time of considerable cash inflow into the fisheries development of fish processing industry. There has been need for understanding of the poverty and what strategies would be most appreciate for it's reduction.This study has attempted to respond to the needby identifying the nature and distribution of the poverty within the fisheries lake victoria,Uganda, the factor responsible for itand the options for poverty reduction intervention. The study examined the global and regional perspectives of poverty and wealth distribution, noting that wide disparities existed between the developed and the developing world and also between the developing countries themselves. A historical review of development policies and strategies revealed that while successive strategies were able to contribute to growth, their achievement towards poverty alleviation were less than satisfactory, hence the need forcontinually developing new strategies.A background to Uganda’s society and economy is provided, examining the demographic, political, environmental and economic conditions of the country. Uganda’s developmentstrategies are reviewed, highlighting the role of the Poverty Eradication Action Plan, Uganda’s main strategy for implementing the policy of poverty reduction and wealthdistribution. At the agricultural sector level, the Plan for the Modernisation of Agriculture has been formulated, followed by the National Fisheries Policy, aimed at providing a policy framework for the management and development of the fisheries.An appropriate definition of poverty was formulated, considered relevant to the situation ofLake Victoria. The dimensions of poverty included inadequate basic necessities, low education and health achievements, a sense of insecurity and exposure to risk. The research methodology was enhanced by the examination of the Lélé Model of the Poverty–Environmental Degradation problem, the World Bank Model of Poverty Causation and thesubsequent Lake Victoria Model developed in this study. It has provided a plan for the research, the consideration of criteria and a data collection plan. The data collectioninstruments included secondary data search, key informant interviews and a sample survey based on a structured questionnaire.The study identified all the four dimensions of poverty in the fisheries, provided poverty profiles with respect to the different activities, groups of people and regions in the fisheries, based on consumption poverty. Among the people identified to be in poverty were the fishing labourers, fishers of Oreochromis niloticus and those operating with non-powered boats. In the post-harvest fisheries, large proportions of processors involved in salting and sun-drying, market stall and bicycle traders were in the poverty category. The ethnic groups most affected included the Samia, Basoga and Bakenye while the Districts of Jinja, Bugiri and Busia had the highest proportions of fishers in the poverty category. With respect to the other dimensions of poverty, the study showed that educational achievement was low within the fishing communities. The health status was poor, due mainly to the prevalence of malaria, diarrhoea, bilharzia and HIV/AIDS. There was a sense of insecurity within certain sections of the fishing community, due to leadership weaknesses within the local as well as the Government institutions. Some community members operated in a state of risk because they were vulnerable to episodes of income, health and education. The causes of poverty in fisheries included weaknesses within the institutional and social environment, limitations in the technology available to the poor, resource degradation and unfavourable economic factors. The recommendations of the study for poverty reduction included strengthening of policies, developing links, improving capacities and increasing resources, to be applied at the levels of Central Government, Local Government and of the community. In view of the achievements of the methodology used on this study, involving reference to the models, it is recommended that future research should build upon this model approach, as it will continue to produce results, especially when attempting to forecast changes relating to interventions.

Description: Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP)

Description: The Mandate of the National Fisheries Resources Research institute (NaFIRRI) is to manage, promote and undertake applied and basic research of strategic and national importance in aquaculture, capture fisheries, water environment, socio-economics and marketing, information communication management and any emerging issues in the fisheries

Description: Fish is currently one of the two most important agricultural export commodities from Uganda with factory-processed fish exported mainly to Europe, South East Asia and the Middle East worth at least USD 100 m annually. Regional exports are probably of similar significance. All recorded fish exports rely heavily (95%) on factory-processed Nile perch with the Nile tilapia increasingly entering the export market chain. Regional fish exports are more diversified in terms of species and include Nile tilapia, Nile perch, "mukene", Tiger fish and "Angara", the last two fished from Lake Albert. Regional fish destinations include Kenya, Tanzania, Rwanda, Sudan, DR Congo and some parts of Central Africa. Internal consumption relies on subsistence to semi-commercial fishes for a variety and species dominated by Nile tilapia

Description: The field survey was undertaken by NaFIRRI technical staff. The terms of reference for the survey were to make an assessment of the lake for possible cage fish farming. The survey was undertaken on the 26 August 2010 by a team composed of the several. The lake supports small subsistence fishing activities by the local communities livingaround it. Information from the local community indicates that the fish species/typesoccurring in the lake include the Ngege, Nile perch, the African catfish and the lung fish.The fishing crafts in operation are largely Dug-out and Bao Tatu canoes and the main fishing gears are nylon and monofilament gillnets, hooks and beach seines.

Description: The status of fish stocks in a water body at any one time is a function of several factors affecting the quantity of fish in that water body. These include:a) Total number (abundance) and biomass (weight) present,b) Growth (size and age),c) Recruitment (the quantity offish entering the fishery) including reproduction,d) Mortality which is caused by fishing or natural causes.Other indirect factors of major importance to the status of the stocks include productionfactors (water quality and availability of natural food for fish), the life history parameters ofthe different species making up the stocks (e.g. sex ratios, condition of the fish, reproductivepotential (i.e. fecundity) etc). Changes in fish stocks do occur when any of the above listedfactors directly influence aspects of growth, reproduction and mortality and therefore,numbers and standing stock (biomass).

Description: Sensitisation Workshop on Statns of Fish Stocks of Lake Victoria 29th July 2004, Colline Hotel, Mukono

Description: This report provides summaries of the major findings from lake-wide acoustic survey conducted on Lake Victoria (18th Feb-17th March 2008). The survey followed another one conducted in August 2007 using a recently acquired SIMRAD EK 60 dual frequency echosounder.The dual frequency echo sounders comprises 70 and 120 KHZ General Purpose Transceivers GPTs connected to 7 split beam transducers operating at the respected frequencies. The two transceivers were separately calibrate using the specific spheres supplied together with the system from SIMRAD. All the calibrations were within specifications of the manufacturer.

Description: Tullow Oil plc is to launch an onshore Early Production System (EPS) of oil drilling rated at 4,000 barrels of oil per day by 2009. The location of the EPS is in the Kaiso-Tonya area of Block 2 Oil Exploration Zone along Lake Albert within the Albertine graben. Tullow Oil plc contracted Environmental Resources Management (ERM) Southern Africa (Pty) Ltd in conjunction with Environmental Assessment Consult Limited (EACL) to undertake an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) for pre-construction and operation of the proposed EPS. ERM in association with EACL requested National Fisheries Resources Research Institute (NaFIRRI) to conduct a baseline survey of water quality and invertebrates in River Hohwa. This study was requested as part of an earlier baseline survey conducted at the Kaiso-Ngassa spit oil exploration area in Block 2. It was conducted at five selected sites (Fig. 1 & Table 1) within the Hohwa River basin in the Kaiso-Tonya Exploration Area 2. The study was pertinent because the targeted oil wells for EPS are upstream this river which drains the Kaiso-Ngassa valley into Ngassa lagoon.

Description: Environmental Assessment Consult Limited (EACL)

Description: The purpose of the study was to investigate migratory movements of fishermen on lake victoria.To identify the cuases of fishrmen migration with a view to establishing the paterns of migration;determining season of migration and assessing the impacts of migration on fisheries management and development.

Description: Implementation of a Fisheries Management Plan (IFMP)

Description: postive transformation of the fisheries sector in Uganda has of recent been scatted by failure to mountain fish quality and safety,akey prerequiste for retaining and gaining fish markets.The social cultural study established the extent to which social cutural practices had affected the levels and the use of sanitation facilities,fish handling facilities and artisanal fish processing techniques and the factors that influenced these practices in the fishing communities of lake victoria.This information is of significance for the purpose of advocacy and mobilization of fishers in order to improve sanitation, fish handling and artisanal fishing processing situation in the fishing communities.

Description: Lake Victoria Environmental Management Project (LVEMP)

Description: This is LVEMP Socio-Economic Research Report, 6

Description: The Nabugabo lakes are an important source of affordable protein food inthe form of fish, income, water for domestic and commercial purposes(aquaculture farm and Hotels), handcraft materials (mats, hats, roof thatch) andfishing floats and rafts. Nabugabo lakes provide employment, income and exportearnings to Uganda that flow from the act of harvesting the fish. In Uganda thefisheries sector directly employs 350,000 people and indirectly 1.2 million people.In 2005, it is estimated that about 370,000 mt fish export (97-98% Nile perch)earned Uganda US $ 143 Million up from US $ 103 million in 2004 .and up fromUS $ 45 million in 1996. , making it almost become the first non' traditional exportcommodity. The Nabugabo lakes are also import for cultural values and fishspecies from these lakes are important in evolutionary studies. The fishery sectoris therefore very important in Uganda's socio-economic life. Despite the abovevalues to the communities and global biodiversity roles, the amount of fish caughtand the number fishing fleets operating on the Nabugabo lakes to guidemanagement of the lake are lacking. The fishery that exists in these lakes islargely for subsistence and commercial purposes specific for Lake Nabugabobased on introduced species (Nile perch and Nile Tilapia). The fish is caughtusing mainly gill nets and long line hooks.

Description: On title page: Theme 3: Enhancing integrated management of natural resources Project : Generation of knowledge and technologies that ensure sustainable utilisation of fish stocks (capture fisheries)

Description: The report provides information on the acoustic survey conducted on Lake Victoria from 18th feb-17th march 2006. The objective of the survey was to provide biomass estimates and distribution of the two main commercial species Nile Perch (above 10cm TL) AND Dagaa (Rastrineobola agentea). The rest of the species are grouped as haplochromines and others.Acoustic surveys are conducted biannually during the January/ February period when the lake is thermally stratified and during August/September period when the lake is mixed,to capture the differences in stock distribution during the two main seasons which influence fish distribution in Lake Victoria.So far, eight survey have been carried out using the same boat (R.V. Victoria Explorer) and equipment(SIMRAD EY500 echo-integrator),but with changes in survey design and data processing protocols.Environment parameters are also studied to monitor the status and understand how physical, chemical and biological processes interact and influences fisheries production.

Description: The 10th lake-wide hydro-acoustic survey under IFMP was conducted on Lake Victoria from 17th March – 16th April 2010 with the overall objective of estimating the standing stock of the major commercial fish stocks in the lake. Environmental and bottom net sampling were concurrently done using a CTD profiler and a bottom trawl net respectively. Two CTDs from NaFIRRI (Old and New) were used following the malfunctioning of the KMFRI CTD that has been used in all the previous surveys and is now due for service. Acoustic Data were analyzed using Echoview 4.90 software recently released by Myriax. Illustration of Spatial distribution of fish stocks and water environmental parameters were drawn in Arcview 3.2.

Description: Lakes Victoria and Kyoga had, a diverse fish fauna, which was important as food for local population and valuable in scientific studies. Over the past twenty years, the diversity of fish in these lakes had declined due to over-exploitation, introduction of new fish species including the piscivorous Nile perch and degradation of fish habitat. Studies of satellite lakes in the Victoria and Kyoga lake basins suggested that some of these lakesharboured species which had been lost from the main lakes. In order to better understand the extent, to which these satellite lakes may serve as refugia, a faunal survey was undertaken to determine the distribution and nature of the taxa found. Seven satellite lakes and the eastern end of the main Lake Kyoga adjacent to these minor lakes were surveyed over a two-year period for fish species diversity. A total of 68 fish species were recorded of which 41 were haplochromines. Almost all the native non cichlids which occurred in the main lakes (Victoria and Kyoga) before the Nile perch upsurge recorded. Lakes Nawampasa, Gigati, Kawi, Agu and Nyaguo had the highest fish species and trophic diversity. The trophic diversity of haplochromines (based on Shannon Weaver Index) was highest in Lake Nawampasa (1.28), followed by Gigati (1.25), Kawi(1.18), Agu (0.8), Lemwa (0.81), Nyaguo (0.35) and was lowest in the main Lake Kyoga.Potential threats to these lakes were from collectors of ornamental fish species, especially the haplochromines, the spread of the predatory Nile perch and the water hyacinth, which are already in Lake Kyoga, and the destruction of macrophytes through harvesting of papyrus and reclamation for agriculture. The human population around these lakesharvested the fishes for food but the levels of exploitation were still low because the lakeswere adjacent to main Lake Kyoga, the major supply of fish. Ornamental fish dealers were encouraged to start captive breeding of the fish for export to reduce pressure on thelakes and demonstrations for breeding were set up at FIRI in Jinja. Meetings and seminars were held with some of the communities living around the lakes sampled andthe importance of fish species found in these lakes and the dangers of destructive practices discussed. Representatives of all taxa of fish caught from the lakes werepreserved, catalogued and stored in the FIRI Museum. Results from this survey support the motion that these satellite lakes are important refugia for endemic diversity. Based on survey, we recommend that SaIne of these lakes like Nawampasa, Gigati, Kawi, Aguand Nyaguo could be designated as conservation areas of species threatened in the main lakes. One of the factors that seem to have prevented the spread of Nile perch into Kyoga Minor lakes seems to have been the presence of extensive swamps around these lakes and the low oxygen levels that exist in these habitats. Clearing of swamps and vegetation that separate Kyoga minor lakes from the main lake should be avoided to prevent Nile perch from spreading into these lakes.

Description: USAID Consortium

Description: Final report of the Biodiversity Support Program, MS83

Description: The massive water hyacinth mats that covered water bodies in the 1990s hadserious social and economic impacts. They affected fishing, transportation,water quality and health of fishing communities as well as production of goodsand services of lake-based institutions (commercial establishments). At peakinfestations, the communities and institutions were aware of and participatedreadily in control effort. However, after the major collapse of hyacinth in 1998,some of them relaxed in their control efforts. The status of knowledge,perception, impacts, preparedness and role of the lakeside communities andinstitutions to control the weed has, therefore, been monitored since the majorresurgence of the weed to find out if the lakeside communities and institutionsstill perceive water hyacinth as a problem and the extent to which they areprepared to sustain control.

Description: On title page: Draft 2

Description: This report presents the results of the second (in 1975) fisheries resource survey for Lake Wamala conducted from 10th to 16th July 1975. The first similar survey covered the period 14th to 20th May 1975. The areas sampled consisted of the river-month areas, the papyrus-fringed inshore waters and the open dee offshore waters. In an effort to find the possible major causes of the decline in catch and seasonal disappearance of fish-hence a solution to the problem(s)-a second fisheries resource survey using multifilament nylon gillnets was conducted on Lake Kijanebalola during the period 17th to 21st July 1975. The first survey was similar and covered the period 21st to 27th May 1975.