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  • Rat  (826)
  • Drosophila  (737)
  • Springer  (1,562)
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • Periodicals Archive Online (PAO)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Postprandial thermogenesis of rats with glutamate induced obesity in relation to energy intake (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 32 (1993), S. 71-73 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: Rat ; glutamate-induced obesity ; postprandial thermogenesis ; Ratte ; Glutamat-induzierte Adipositas ; postprandiale Thermogenese
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Bei 4 Monate alten Ratten mit Glutamat-induzierter Adipositas wurde die postprandiale Thermogenese über 8 h nach Fütterung von 300, 450 und 600 kJ/kg0,75 einer Pellet-Diät mittels indirekter Kalorimetrie in computergesteuerten Stoffwechselkäfigen mit offenem Kreislauf bestimmt. Bei den adipösen Tieren war die postprandiale Thermogenese nach Aufnahme von 600 kJ/kg0,75 (oberhalb des Energieerhaltungsbedarfs) signifikant auf 40% der Thermogenese der Kontrolltiere reduziert (12,0 gegenüber 31,5 kJ/kg0,75×8 h). Es wird geschlußfolgert, daß die Ratte mit Glutamat-induzierter Adipositas als ein Tiermodell mit beeinträchtigter fakultativer Thermogenese anzusehen ist, die hauptsächlich durch eine Verminderung der sympathischen adrenergen Aktivität verursacht ist.
    Notes: Summary Postprandial thermogenesis was estimated in 4-month-old male rats with glutamate induced obesity after being fed with 300, 450 and 600 kJ/kg0.75 of a pellet diet, respectively by indirect calorimetry in computer-controlled open circuit metabolic cages over 8 h. After an intake of 600 kJ/kg0.75 (above the maintenance energy requirement) postprandial thermogenesis was significantly reduced in the obese animals to about 40% of control rats (12.0 versus 31.5 kJ/kg0.75×8 h). It is concluded that the glutamate obese rat can be accepted as an animal model with impaired facultative thermogenesis, mainly caused by a reduction of sympathetic adrenergic activity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01610087
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of brain tumours in rats using laser-induced fluorescence and haematoporphyrin derivative (1989)
    Springer
    Lasers in medical science 4 (1989), S. 241-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-604X
    Keywords: Brain tumour ; Rat ; Detection ; Fluorescence ; Laser ; Haematoporphyrin derivative
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Physics , Technology
    Notes: Abstract Laser-induced fluorescence has been used for the identification of brain tumours in rats, which have been previously given tumour-seeking haematoporphyrin derivative. A pulsed nitrogen laser (λ=337 nm) was used in conjunction with an optical multichannel analyzer. For both inoculated RG-2 and TCVC rat-brain-tumour models, the blue autofluorescence was strongly reduced in the tumour compared with normal brain tissue, and at the same time the characteristic red-drug signal increased. The contrast between tumour and normal tissue was strongly enhanced by forming the ratio between the two signals. Implications for possible improvement of tumour delineation in brain tumour surgery are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02032454
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic and phenotypic variation for flight ability in the cactophilicDrosophila species,D. aldrichi andD. buzzatii (1995)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 76 (1995), S. 25-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: dispersal ; flight duration ; cactophilic ; Drosophila ; age effects ; body size
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The flight ability ofDrosophila aldrichi (Patterson & Crow) andD. buzzatii (Patterson & Wheeler) using tethered flights, was measured with respect to age-related changes, genetic variation and adult body size variation induced by rearing at different larval densities.Drosophila buzzatii flew for much longer thanD. aldrichi, especially females, but age-related changes in flight duration were significant only forD. aldrichi. Effects of body size on flight ability were significant inD. buzzatii, but not inD. aldrichi. InD. buzzatii, there was a significant genotype-environment interaction (larval density × line) for flight duration, with short and average flight duration isofemale lines showing longer flights, but a long flight duration line shorter flights as body size decreased (i.e., as larval density increased). Heritability estimates for flight duration were similar in the two species, but flight duration showed no significant genetic correlations with developmental time, body size or wing dimensions (except for one wing dimension inD. buzzatii). Although not significantly different between the species, heritabilities for life-history traits (adult size and developmental time) showed contrasting patterns — with higher heritability for body size (body weight and thorax length) inD. buzzatii, and higher for developmental time inD. aldrichi. In agreement with limited previous field evidence,D. buzzatii is better adapted for colonization than isD. aldrichi.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02382308
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-exposure affects the olfactory response of Drosophila melanogaster to menthol (1999)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 90 (1999), S. 175-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Olfactory response ; Drosophila ; menthol ; bioassay ; trap assay
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A modification of the trap assay (Woodard et al., 1989) was used to evaluate the response of Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) to food media containing menthol. Dose-response curves for flies to mentholic foods were produced for flies that had been pre-exposed to menthol, during development and adult life, and flies that had not been exposed to menthol before the assay. Mentholic food media were less attractive to Drosophila than plain food medium. Rearing flies on a medium containing menthol reduced their aversion to some concentrations of menthol. The rearing effect was not simply due to lowered general activity levels resulting from developing in a medium containing menthol. There was a threshold concentration of menthol in the rearing medium below which we found no induced behavioural change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003509802181
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Environmental effects on cytoplasmic incompatibility and bacterial load in Wolbachia-infected Drosophila simulans (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 86 (1998), S. 13-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Drosophila ; cytoplasmic incompatibility ; Wolbachia ; temperature ; antibiotics ; density
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of high temperatures, antibiotics, nutrition and larval density on cytoplasmic incompatibility caused by a Wolbachia infection were investigated in Drosophila simulans. Exposure of larvae from an infected stock to moderate doses of tetracycline led to complete incompatibility when treated females were crossed to infected males; the same doses only caused a partial restoration of compatibility when treated males were crossed to uninfected females. In crosses with treated females, there was a strong correlation between dose effects on hatch rates and infection levels in embryos produced by these females. Ageing and rearing males at a high temperature led to increased compatibility. However, exposing infected females to a high temperature did not influence their compatibility with infected males. Male temperature effects depended on conditions experienced at the larval stage but not the pupal stage. Exposure to 25 °C reduced the density of Wolbachia in embryos compared with a 19 °C treatment. Low levels of nutrition led to increased compatibility, but no effect of larval crowding was detected. These findings show the ways environmental factors can influence the expression of cytoplasmic incompatibility and suggest that environmental effects may be mediated by bacterial density.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003043814761
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Conserving genetic variability of a wild insect population under laboratory conditions (1993)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 67 (1993), S. 233-239 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: inbreeding ; colonization ; isofemale line ; Drosophila ; Diptera ; Leptopilina boulardi ; Cynipidae ; Hymenoptera
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé D. melanogaster (Meigen) a été utilisé pour tester la capacité des lignées isofemelles à conserver la variabilité génétique d'une population naturelle. Deux types d'expériences ont été réalisées. L'une a consisté à déterminer la variabilité génétique de 3 locus enzymatiques pour 32 lignées isofemelles à la première et à la 23ème génération d'élevage au laboratoire. L'autre a consisté à tester la capacité des larves à éliminer un parasitoïde par le processus d'encapsulation après 8 années d'élevage au laboratoire. D'une façon générale, certaines lignées isofemelles perdent de la variabilité durant les 23 générations de l'étude. Mais la fréquence globale des allèles reste inchangée si l'on considère l'ensemble des 32 lignées. Le seul allèle rare observé a également été conservé. Les modifications des fréquences allèliques à chacun des locus ont lieu de façon indépendante les unes des autres. La variabilité génétique d'un caractère biologique, la capacité des larves à encapsuler le parasitoïde, a également varié, mais elle a pu être restaurée à un niveau proche de la population initiale en rassemblant plusieurs individus de chacune des lignées.
    Notes: Abstract Drosophila melanogaster (Meigen) was used to test the power of isofemale lines in preserving genetic variability. We performed experiments in two ways. One series consisted of measuring the genetic variability for three enzymatic loci in 32 isofemale lines, in the first and 23rd generations of culture. In the second series, we tested the capacity of the larvae to eliminate a parasitoid by encapsulation after eight years of laboratory breeding. In general, individual isofemale lines appeared to change during the 23 generations of the study, but the global frequency of these alleles among the 32 isofemale lines stayed relatively unchanged. The only rare allele observed was also conserved. Changes in allozyme frequencies at any one locus were independent of those at other loci. Genetic variation of a biological trait, the capacity of the larvae to encapsulate a parasitoid, also changed, but it could be restored to a level close to that of the starting population by mass hybridizing together individuals of each line.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02383432
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioural induction in Drosophila: timing and specificity (2000)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 94 (2000), S. 159-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Drosophila ; induction ; habituation ; associative learning ; T-maze olfactometer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Experiments reported in this paper investigate the properties of a change in the responsiveness of adult Drosophila melanogaster induced by exposure to different rearing media. This effect has previously been described as habituation or associative learning. Exposure to food medium containing 0.08% menthol induced a positive response to menthol odour in a T-maze olfactometer. A brief (one hour) exposure to mentholic food just before testing was sufficient to induce a change in responsiveness. The effect did not persist through periods of more than an hour of separation from mentholic medium. Effects induced by exposure to a single compound were not specific to that compound alone. Menthol-reared flies (MRFs) differed from plain reared flies (PRFs) in their responsiveness to the odours of benzaldehyde and ethyl acetate, as well as menthol, and exposure to ethyl acetate induced a change in response to menthol odour. That there was an induced positive response to menthol in MRFs suggests that conventional habituation is insufficient to explain the induced change in responsiveness, but the generalised nature of this behavioural induction in MRFs is hard to explain in terms of associative learning. The mechanism underlying the induction remains elusive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003998715018
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Host Preference Among Populations of Drosophila mojavensis (Diptera: Drosophilidae) that Use Different Host Cacti (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 11 (1998), S. 691-712 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: cactus ; Drosophila ; geographic variation ; host preference behavior ; Sonoran Desert ; volatiles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Previous studies have suggested that all populations of cactophilic Drosophila mojavensis prefer pitaya agria cactus, Stenocereus gummosus, over all other potential hosts for feeding and breeding, including populations that inhabit areas where no agria grows. We sampled five geographically isolated populations of D. mojavensis from nature to assess host choice within and between populations. Host choice tests were performed in a laboratory “olfactometer” by allowing adult D. mojavensis to choose between plumes of synthetic volatile cocktails of two widespread host cacti. Overall, each population showed significant preference for agria volatiles with one exception: a mainland Sonora population that uses organ pipe cactus in nature exhibited preference for organ pipe volatiles, suggesting a possible shift in host preference. The degree of preference for agria volatiles was greatest in a population from southern California that use California barrel cactus as a host. Since southern Californian populations of D. mojavensis are thought to be derived from those in Baja California, preference for agria volatiles is considered a retained ancestral trait. Three populations from Baja California and mainland Mexico that use agria in the wild expressed lower, but similar preferences for agria volatiles. Because populations of D. mojavensis are ancestral to those in mainland Mexico, Arizona, and California, the shift from agria to alternate hosts has not been accompanied by strong changes in host preference behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022398809881
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of a generalist and a specialist parasitoid (Hymenoptera: Eucoilidae) to Drosophilid larval kairomones (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 6 (1993), S. 615-624 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Hymenoptera ; Leptopilina ; Drosophila ; semiochemicals ; kairomones ; parasitoid ; generalist ; specialist ; foraging behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Foraging parasitoids are thought to need more specific information than generalists on the presence, identity, availability, and suitability of their insect host species. In the present paper, we compare responses to host kairomones by two phylogenetically related parasitoid species that attack Drosophilidae and that differ in the width of their host range. As predicted, the behavioral response of the parasitoids to host kairomones reflected their difference in host range. The response of the specialist parasitoid Leptopilina boulardiwas restricted to contact kairomones from its natural hosts and one closely related species. In contrast, the generalist parasitoid Leptopilina heterotomaresponded to contact kairomones of a variety of Drosophilidae species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01048127
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lack of Evolutionary Divergence in Courtship Songs of Drosophila pseudoobscura Subspecies (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 13 (2000), S. 255-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: courtship song ; wingbeat ; sexual isolation ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007744416116
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