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  • Articles  (58,549)
  • Institute of Physics  (55,951)
  • MDPI Publishing
  • Mathematics  (57,004)
  • Computer Science  (1,545)
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  • Articles  (58,549)
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  • 1
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    Algorithms, Vol. 8, Pages 621-631: One-Bit Quantization and Distributed Detection with an Unknown Scale Parameter (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: We examine a distributed detection problem in a wireless sensor network, where sensor nodes collaborate to detect a Gaussian signal with an unknown change of power, i.e., a scale parameter. Due to power/bandwidth constraints, we consider the case where each sensor quantizes its observation into a binary digit. The binary data are then transmitted through error-prone wireless links to a fusion center, where a generalized likelihood ratio test (GLRT) detector is employed to perform a global decision. We study the design of a binary quantizer based on an asymptotic analysis of the GLRT. Interestingly, the quantization threshold of the quantizer is independent of the unknown scale parameter. Numerical results are included to illustrate the performance of the proposed quantizer and GLRT in binary symmetric channels (BSCs).
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4893
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 2
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    Future Internet, Vol. 7, Pages 294-306: Enhancing Educational Opportunities with Computer-Mediated Assessment Feedback (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-12
    Description: As internet technologies make their way into developing areas, so too does the possibility of education and training being delivered to the people living in those previously unserved areas. The growing catalogue of free, high quality courseware, when combined with the newly acquired means of delivery, creates the potential for millions of people in the developing world to acquire a good education. Yet a good education obviously requires more than simply delivering information; students must also receive high quality feedback on their assessments. They must be told how their performance compares with the ideal, and be shown how to close the gap between the two. However, delivering high quality feedback is labor-intensive, and therefore expensive, and has long been recognized as a problematic issue by educators. This paper outlines a case study that uses a Learning Management System (LMS) to efficiently deliver detailed feedback that is informed by the principles of best practice. We make the case that the efficiencies of this method allow for large-scale courses with thousands of enrolments that are accessible to developing and developed areas alike. We explore the question; is computer-mediated feedback delivery efficient and effective and might it be applied to large-scale courses at low-cost?
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-5903
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 3
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    Algorithms, Vol. 8, Pages 632-644: Data Fusion Modeling for an RT3102 and Dewetron System Application in Hybrid Vehicle Stability Testing (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-13
    Description: More and more hybrid electric vehicles are driven since they offer such advantages as energy savings and better active safety performance. Hybrid vehicles have two or more power driving systems and frequently switch working condition, so controlling stability is very important. In this work, a two-stage Kalman algorithm method is used to fuse data in hybrid vehicle stability testing. First, the RT3102 navigation system and Dewetron system are introduced. Second, a modeling of data fusion is proposed based on the Kalman filter. Then, this modeling is simulated and tested on a sample vehicle, using Carsim and Simulink software to test the results. The results showed the merits of this modeling.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4893
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 4
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    Algorithms, Vol. 8, Pages 562-572: Modeling Documents with Event Model (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: Currently deep learning has made great breakthroughs in visual and speech processing, mainly because it draws lessons from the hierarchical mode that brain deals with images and speech. In the field of NLP, a topic model is one of the important ways for modeling documents. Topic models are built on a generative model that clearly does not match the way humans write. In this paper, we propose Event Model, which is unsupervised and based on the language processing mechanism of neurolinguistics, to model documents. In Event Model, documents are descriptions of concrete or abstract events seen, heard, or sensed by people and words are objects in the events. Event Model has two stages: word learning and dimensionality reduction. Word learning is to learn semantics of words based on deep learning. Dimensionality reduction is the process that representing a document as a low dimensional vector by a linear mode that is completely different from topic models. Event Model achieves state-of-the-art results on document retrieval tasks.
    Electronic ISSN: 1999-4893
    Topics: Computer Science
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 5
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    Symmetry, Vol. 7, Pages 815-842: Cosmological Probes for Supersymmetry (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Symmetry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: The multi-parameter character of supersymmetric dark-matter models implies the combination of their experimental studies with astrophysical and cosmological probes. The physics of the early Universe provides nontrivial effects of non-equilibrium particles and primordial cosmological structures. Primordial black holes (PBHs) are a profound signature of such structures that may arise as a cosmological consequence of supersymmetric (SUSY) models. SUSY-based mechanisms of baryosynthesis can lead to the possibility of antimatter domains in a baryon asymmetric Universe. In the context of cosmoparticle physics, which studies the fundamental relationship of the micro- and macro-worlds, the development of SUSY illustrates the main principles of this approach, as the physical basis of the modern cosmology provides cross-disciplinary tests in physical and astronomical studies.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-8994
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 6
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    Symmetry, Vol. 7, Pages 949-961: Conservation Laws and Exact Solutions of a Generalized Zakharov–Kuznetsov Equation (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Symmetry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: In this paper, we study a generalized Zakharov–Kuznetsov equation in three variables, which has applications in the nonlinear development of ion-acoustic waves in a magnetized plasma. Conservation laws for this equation are constructed for the first time by using the new conservation theorem of Ibragimov. Furthermore, new exact solutions are obtained by employing the Lie symmetry method along with the simplest equation method.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-8994
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Published by MDPI Publishing
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  • 7
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    Symmetry, Vol. 7, Pages 935-948: Design of a Distributed Personal Information Access Control Scheme for Secure Integrated Payment in NFC (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Symmetry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: At the center of core technologies for a future cyber world, such as Internet of Things (IoT) or big data, is a context-rich system that offers services by using situational information. The field where context-rich systems were first introduced is near-field communication (NFC)-based electronic payments. Near-field Communication (NFC) integrated payment services collect the payment information of the credit card and the location information to generate patterns in the user’s consumption or movement through big data technology. Based on such pattern information, tailored services, such as advertisement, are offered to users. However, there is difficulty in controlling access to personal information, as there is a collaborative relationship focused on the trusted service manager (TSM) that is close knit to shared personal information. Moreover, in the case of Hadoop, among the many big data analytical technologies, it offers access control functions, but not a way to authorize the processing of personal information, making it impossible to grant authority between service providers to process information. As such, this paper proposes a key generation and distribution method, as well as a secure communication protocol. The analysis has shown that the efficiency was greater for security and performance compared to relation works.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-8994
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 8
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    Symmetry, Vol. 7, Pages 962-975: Characterizations of Network Structures Using Eigenmode Analysis (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Symmetry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: We introduced an analysis to identify structural characterization of two-dimensional regular and amorphous networks. The analysis was shown to be reliable to determine the global network rigidity and can also identify local floppy regions in the mixture of rigid and floppy regions. The eigenmode analysis explores the structural properties of various networks determined by eigenvalue spectra. It is useful to determine the general structural stability of networks that the traditional Maxwell counting scheme based on the statistics of nodes (degrees of freedom) and bonds (constraints) does not provide. A visual characterization scheme was introduced to examine the local structure characterization of the networks. The eigenmode analysis is under development for various practical applications on more general network structures characterized by coordination numbers and nodal connectivity such as graphenes and proteins.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-8994
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 9
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    Symmetry, Vol. 7, Pages 1376-1394: Bäcklund Transformations for Integrable Geometric Curve Flows (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Symmetry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: We study the Bäcklund transformations of integrable geometric curve flows in certain geometries. These curve flows include the KdV and Camassa-Holm flows in the two-dimensional centro-equiaffine geometry, the mKdV and modified Camassa-Holm flows in the two-dimensional Euclidean geometry, the Schrödinger and extended Harry-Dym flows in the three-dimensional Euclidean geometry and the Sawada-Kotera flow in the affine geometry, etc. Using the fact that two different curves in a given geometry are governed by the same integrable equation, we obtain Bäcklund transformations relating to these two integrable geometric flows. Some special solutions of the integrable systems are used to obtain the explicit Bäcklund transformations.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-8994
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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  • 10
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    Symmetry, Vol. 7, Pages 1289-1332: Computing with Colored Tangles (2015)
    MDPI Publishing
    In: Symmetry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-08-05
    Description: We suggest a diagrammatic model of computation based on an axiom of distributivity. A diagram of a decorated colored tangle, similar to those that appear in low dimensional topology, plays the role of a circuit diagram. Equivalent diagrams represent bisimilar computations. We prove that our model of computation is Turing complete and with bounded resources that it can decide any language in complexity class IP, sometimes with better performance parameters than corresponding classical protocols.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-8994
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
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