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  • Articles  (39)
  • 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous  (38)
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physics
  • INGV  (39)
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  • Articles  (39)
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  • 1
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    The French macroseismic database SISFRANCE: objectives, resultsand perspectives (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-05
    Description: To comply with nuclear safety requirements, an in-depth research program for the revision of existing catalogues was initiated back in 1974. The priority of the partners involved in the SISFRANCE project was to establish the most exhaustive documentary databank in order to construct an intensity macroseismic database, concerning both epicentral and punctual observations. The architecture of the SISFRANCE database is presented. The strength of this parametric database is the attribution of reliability coefficients at all levels of interpretations going from the documentary sources to the final intensity estimate. To ensure homogeneity of the database, a general guideline was defined. The resulting macroseismic relational database SISFRANCE contains 65000 intensity observations attesting to the existence of 5283 earthquakes (575 with Io = VI) that have been felt on the French metropolitan territory over the past one thousand years. Thanks to the homogeneous methodology and to the continuous collaboration between BRGM, EDF and IRSN for the past 30 years, SISFRANCE is today a reference database and a key tool for seismic hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: SISFRANCE database ; macroseismic historical seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Scientific overview and historical context of the 1811-1812 New Madrid earthquake sequence (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-21
    Description: The central and eastern United States has experienced only 5 historic earthquakes with Mw 7.0, four during the New Madrid sequence of 1811-1812: three principal mainshocks and the so-called «dawn aftershock» following the first mainshock. Much of the historic earthquake research done in the United States has focused on the New Madrid Seismic Zone (NMSZ), because the largest New Madrid earthquakes may represent the archetype for the most damaging earthquakes to be expected in intraplate regions. Published magnitude values ranging from 7.0 to 8.75 have generally been based on macroseismic effects, which provide the most direct constraint on source size for the events. Critical to the interpretation of these accounts is an understanding of their historic context. Early settlments clustered along waterways, where substantial amplification of seismic waves is expected. Analyzing the New Madrid intensity values with a consideration of these effects yields preferred values of Mw 7.2-7.3, 7.0, and 7.4-7.5 for the December, January, and February mainshocks, respectively, and of 7.0 for the «dawn aftershock». These values are consistent with other lines of evidence, including scaling relationships. Finally, I show that accounts from the New Madrid sequence reveal evidence for remotely triggered earthquakes well outside the NMSZ. Remotely triggered earthquakes represent a potentially important new wrinkle in historic earthquake research, as their ground motions can sometimes be confused with mainshock ground motions.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: New Madrid earthquakes ; intraplate ; historic ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 3
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    Evidence of historical seismicity and volcanism in the Armenian Highland (from Armenian and other sources) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-25
    Description: This work presents a summary on the development of studies of historical earthquakes in Armenia and adjacent parts of Turkey and Iran. Since ancient times, this region has been an arena where active geodynamic and seismic history intermingled with no less active and dynamic evolution of human cultures and societies. A long-term historical record in this region beginning as early as the 8th century B.C. provides abundant evidence that can make an inestimable contribution to studies of historical seismicity and volcanism in the area. We discuss the main research methodology and sources used, and dwell on the principal catalogues of historical earthquakes compiled to date.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; volcanism ; catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 4
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    Rilievo macrosismico del terremoto emiliano del 23 dicembre 2008 (2009)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Questa nota presenta una sintesi delle attività svolte durante il rilievomacrosismico del terremoto avvenuto tra le province di Parma e Reggio Emilia il 23 dicembre 2008. La scossa di Ml 5.2 è stata localizzata a sud di Parma ed è stata avvertita in tutta l’Italia settentrionale e in gran parte della Liguria e della Toscana. Il presente rapporto illustra lemodalità di intervento del teamQUEST, relative al rilievo degli effetti e alla valutazione in intensità MCS in particolare per le località della zona epicentrale. L’ampia documentazione fotografica illustra alcuni dettagli delle tipologie di danneggiamento rilevate e consente di comprendere meglio le valutazioni dell’intensità macrosismica. This paper presents an overview of the activities performed during the macroseismic field survey of the earthquake that occurred in the Parma and Reggio Emilia region on December 23, 2008. The mainshock (Ml=5.2), was located south of the city of Parma and was resolutely felt through Northern Italy. The report here presented shows the procedures carried out by QUEST (Quick Earthquake Survey Team), concerning the survey. QUEST has been engaged in gathering the damage information and in assessing the macroseismic intensity, in particular about the epicentral area. A copious photo collection shows details of the observed damage nature and allows to better illustrate the intensity
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-41
    Description: 5.1. TTC - Banche dati e metodi macrosismici
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: rilievo macrosismico ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    Acquisizione presso la sede di Ancona (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In questo lavoro viene descritto il complesso sistema di acquisizione dati della RSM [vedi D’Alema et al., 2011 - in questo volume], costituita da 58 stazioni collegate in tempo reale e 13 stazioni dial-up. I dati delle stazioni in tempo reale sono acquisiti con il programma Seiscomp31; la detezione degli eventi sismici viene eseguita con il programma Earthworm ed infine l’analisi e l’interpretazione degli eventi viene effettuata attraverso il programma SacPicker di Daniele Spallarossa [vedi Spallarossa, 2011 - in questo volume]. La parte di rete dial-up è basata sul sistema Lennartz Mars882 ed è configurata in modo autonomo dalla rete in tempo reale. I dati delle due reti vengono successivamente uniti in un unico dataset ai fini di una interpretazione interattiva congiunta.
    Description: Published
    Description: 124-127
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: rete sismica ; ancona ; acquisizione dati ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    Sistemi di controllo in uso al centro di acquisizione della sede di Ancona (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Da alcuni anni l’INGV e la Regione Marche collaborano nell’azione di monitoraggio sismico del territorio regionale. Nella sede di Ancona del CNT sono acquisiti in tempo reale i segnali sismici di circa 80 stazioni dell’Italia centro-orientale. Si è reso pertanto necessario sviluppare applicativi utili al controllo degli apparati che compongono il sistema di monitoraggio. In particolare, vengono controllati: 1) lo stato di funzionamento delle trasmissioni radio ed ethernet; 2) lo stato dell’alimentazione delle stazioni e il numero di satelliti ricevuti dagli apparati GPS; 3) la quantità di segnale sismico archiviato e i gaps del segnale continuo; 4) i livelli di rumore di fondo e la qualità del segnale sismico.
    Description: Published
    Description: 104-107
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: rete sismica ; ancona ; centro acquisizione ; telecomunicazioni ; qualità segnali ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Micro-Seismicity Monitoring for a Cushion Gas Storage Project in Italy (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: A Pilot Project for CO2 injection and storage was proposed for a gas storage area located at Cortemaggiore (Piacenza), in northern Italy. This project is conducted both to verify the injection techniques and to analyze the potentiality of CO2 as a cushion gas. Starting from 2004, a series of analysis has been conducted to verify suitability and feasibility of this operation. The injection phase will be preceded by a passive seismic monitoring in order to measure the background seismicity of the area. Seismic monitoring will be carried out during the 3 years of the injection phase and will continue also for a control period of 2 years, following the working phase. The Milano - Pavia Department of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia is in charge of the surface seismic monitoring. To study the background seismicity a microseismic network composed by 7 seismic stations has been realized. On February 2010, a first test phase has been conducted for 3 sites. The network was completed with 4 more stations on May 2010. All stations are composed by a 24-bit digital recorder (Lennartz M24/NET) with GPS time signal. The study area is characterized by a very high anthropic and industrial noise. In order to improve the quality of the seismic signals, 4 stations have been installed in a 100 m deep borehole. The seismic sensors (Lennartz LE-3D/BH for the borehole and LE-3Dlite MKI for the installation at the surface) have similar technical characteristics with 1 Hz free period, cutoff frequency at 80 Hz and dynamic range of 136 dB. In this first stage we analyzed the microseismic noise level and evaluated the detection capability of the network. Using the RMS measurements the borehole stations indicate a reduction on the noise by a factor of 2.5. A more detailed analysis, performed using the density function distribution of the power spectra, evidences a 10 dB gain for the borehole stations in the frequency band 1 - 10 Hz. Noise measurements have been used also to determine the minimum magnitude for the events detection. Using a point source model to simulate seismic events, we verified the expected detection levels by comparing the estimates obtained with the simulation and the local events recorded by the seismic network.
    Description: Published
    Description: 12
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic monitoring ; gas storage ; micro-seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.02. Exploration geophysics::04.02.06. Seismic methods ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Sistemi di alimentazione della rete Alta Val Tiberina (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Nell’ambito del progetto FIRB-Airplane [“Piattaforma di ricerca multidisciplinare su terremoti e vulcani”, fondi MIUR 2007-2011 responsabili: Cocco, Amato e Stucchi1] dalla seconda metà del 2009 è stata installata una rete densa di stazioni sismiche nell’area dell’Alta Val Tiberina (AVT, Figura 1), i cui dati in continuo vengono trasmessi alla sede di Ancona del CNT attraverso una dorsale Wi-Fi HYPERLAN [Monachesi e Cattaneo, 2010]. La rete è stata progettata cercando di rispettare alcuni criteri, tra cui: controllo continuo della funzionalità delle singole stazioni, flessibilità nella scelta dei siti, riduzione del rischio di fulminazioni, possibilità di abbinare stazioni sismiche e stazioni geodetiche. A tal fine sono stati adottati strumenti a basso consumo per quel che riguarda acquisitori e sistemi di trasmissione, accompagnati dall’utilizzo di sistemi di alimentazione autonomi e sistemi di telecontrollo
    Description: Published
    Description: 91-93
    Description: 1.1. TTC - Monitoraggio sismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: rete sismica ; alta val tiberina ; sistemi alimentazione ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    A note on Northern Marche seismicity: new focal mechanisms and seismological evidence (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A geodynamic interpretation of the Northern Marche region is diffi cult, the zone being characterized by complex structures which cannot be defi ned in the form of a simple, standard model. It is unquestionable that the geodynamic setting, whatever it is, bears a strong infl uence on the seismic hazard assessment of a region, and this is the background reason for the present note. In order to obtain a more detailed picture of seismological evidence in this zone, 11 new fault plane solutions of crustal events with 2.9 〈 M 〈 4.3 were calculated, using data recorded by the national seismic network of the Istituto Nazionale di Geofi sica e Vulcanologia in the period 1990-2000. The aim is to add local information to the previous studies by Frepoli and Amato (1997, 2000). A possible result of this new study is the division of the Northern Marche region into three areas with different focal mechanism categories: the inner area of the Apenninic belt, the Adriatic on-shore and the Adriatic off-shore. This note is intended to be a contribution to update seismological evidence in the Northern Marche region.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: focal mechanisms ; Northern Apennines ; Adriatic off-shore ; seismological evidence ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Geomagnetism and Aeronomy activities in Italy during IGY, 1957/58 (2009)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In 2007 several events were organized to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the International Geophysical Year (IGY, 1957-1958). The celebrations will last until 2009 and are taking place within different contexts: the International Polar Year (IPY), the International Heliophysical Year (IHY), the electronic Geophysical Year (eGY) and the International Year of Planet Earth (IYPE). IGY offered a very appropriate and timely occasion to undertake a series of coordinated observations of various geophysical phenomena all over the globe. Italy took part in the broad international effort stimulated by IGY. In fact, Italy participated in observations and studies in many of the proposed scientific areas, in particular Geomagnetism and Aeronomy. The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica (ING) started the installation of observatories, and updated and ensured continuous recording of geophysical observations. Geomagnetism, ionospheric physics, seismology, and other geophysical disciplines, were advanced. Although much of the work was undertaken in Italy, some attention was also devoted to other areas of the world, in particular Antarctica, where Italy participated in seismological observations. This paper gives a summary of the Geomagnetism and Ionospheric Physics activities within IGY. Furthermore, we highlight the importance of this historical event and its outcomes for the improvement of geophysical observations and the post-IGY growth of scientific investigations in Italy.
    Description: Published
    Description: 127 - 135
    Description: 1.6. Osservazioni di geomagnetismo
    Description: 1.7. Osservazioni di alta e media atmosfera
    Description: 3.9. Fisica della magnetosfera, ionosfera e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: IGY ; Geomagnetism ; Aeronomy ; History of Geophisics ; Italy ; 01. Atmosphere::01.02. Ionosphere::01.02.06. Instruments and techniques ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 01. Atmosphere::01.03. Magnetosphere::01.03.06. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    The oscillatory behaviour of the aftershocks rate of the 2001 Bhuj earthquake, India: observation and interpretation (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A damaging earthquake of Mw 7.7, which struck the Bhuj region of India on January 26, 2001, was followed by a large number of aftershocks. The aftershock data available at Gauribidanur Seismic Array Station (GBA), India, till 869 h following the main shock were compiled. The plot of the aftershocks rate with time was found to be oscillatory decay. There was a sharp decrease of the aftershocks rate in the initial 144 h from the main shock and this paper presents the analysis of the temporal characteristics of aftershock activity during this period. Astatistical best fit for the rate of aftershocks is performed using the generalised Omoris law and the exponential decay law. The statistical errors for the exponential fit are found to be lower than that of the generalised Omori's fit. The superimposed oscillations present in the aftershock activity are extracted by differencing the observed aftershock activity from the statistical fits. The frequencies of these oscillations are found to be 0.062 h1, 0.078 h-1, 0.102 h-1, 0.118 h-1, 0.141 h-1, 0.164 h-1, 0.233 h-1 and 0.476 h-1. Some of the plausible causes for this kind of oscillations present in the aftershock activity are also discussed in this paper.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: aftershocks ; Bhuj earthquake ; Omori'sLaw ; GBA array ; Lg magnitude ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 12
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    An attenuation study in Southern Italy using local and regional earthquakes recorded by seismic network of Basilicata (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: We determined a set of empirical functions that describe the spectral amplitude decay of S-waves with distance in Southern Italy. We analyzed 32 earthquakes with magnitudes ML 2.0-5.4 and hypocentral distances ranging between 12 and 216 km. We obtained attenuation functions for 14 frequencies(1.0〈 f〈20.0 Hz). We compared these functions with average non-parametric attenuation functions reported by Castro et al. (1999) for different regions of Italy, and we observe that at low frequencies (f〈5.0 Hz) the spectral amplitudes from earthquakes in Southern Italy decay faster than the average. However, at high frequencies ( f 〉 5.0 Hz), the spectral amplitudes are above the average. At higher frequencies ( f 〉 10 Hz), the attenuation functions obtained for Southern Italy are slightly above the standard deviation of the average attenuation functions. It is possible that in this frequency range (10-20 Hz) site effects may influence the amplitude decay. In order to quantify the attenuation of the S-waves, we estimated the quality factor Q modeling the empirical attenuation functions using the following parametric form: A( f , r)=10/r b·e- pfR/Q ß; where 1.6 = f = 10.0 Hz is the frequency band with minimum effect of instrument and site response, r = 120 km is the distance range where the rate of decay of the spectral amplitudes is approximately constant, R=(r-10) and ß=3.2 km/s. We found that the exponent b=1.0±0.2 in the frequency band analyzed and Q shows a frequency dependence that can be approximated by the function Q=32.1 f 1.7.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismic attenuation ; Southern Italy ; Q ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Distensional Mediterranean and World Orogens – Their Possible Bearing to Mega-Dikes' Active Rising (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: (extended abstract)
    Description: INGV, Regione Sicilia, Ministero Sviluppo Economico
    Description: Published
    Description: Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture, Erice, Sicily
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Expanding Earth ; Global Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.01. Earth Interior::04.01.02. Geological and geophysical evidences of deep processes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.03. Geodesy::04.03.08. Theory and Models ; 04. Solid Earth::04.04. Geology::04.04.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    If Space is Material, What Inertia Should Be? (2012)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-03
    Description: (extended abstract)
    Description: INGV, Regione Sicilia, Ministero Sviluppo Economico
    Description: Published
    Description: Ettore Majorana Foundation and Centre for Scientific Culture, Erice, Sicily
    Description: 5.9. Formazione e informazione
    Description: open
    Keywords: Inertia ; Physics ; Fluid Dynamics ; 05. General::05.03. Educational, History of Science, Public Issues::05.03.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.05. Mathematical geophysics::05.05.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Pianificazione e gestione di un’emergenza sismica: esercitazione INGV del 26 novembre 2015 effettuata nell’ambito della Linea di Attività T5 “Sorveglianza sismica e operatività post terremoto” (2017)
    INGV | INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-14
    Description: Nella Struttura Terremoti dell’INGV la Linea di Attività T5 “Sorveglianza sismica ed operatività postterremoto” si occupa delle attività di sviluppo di strumenti e procedure per la valutazione in tempo reale degli effetti di terremoti e tsunami e della gestione delle emergenze sismiche. Uno dei suoi obiettivi del 2015 era la formalizzazione dei protocolli di intervento di Gruppi d’Emergenza, avvenuta per Emergeo, Emersito, IES, QUEST e Sismiko con Decreto del Presidente nel luglio 2015. Altro obiettivo era l’elaborazione di un Protocollo di Ente per la gestione delle emergenze sismiche. La bozza preparata nel 2015 prevede l’importante novità dell’Unità di Crisi, mai formalizzata in precedenza. Attraverso questo Protocollo di Ente si auspica di migliorare la risposta logistico-operativa dell’INGV durante l’emergenza, di avere una più rapida conoscenza del fenomeno in corso e di realizzare un’efficace comunicazione verso Protezione Civile, media e pubblico. Per verificare il tutto è stata organizzata un’esercitazione in cui è stato simulato un terremoto di magnitudo 6.4 nel basso Lazio. Si sono così sperimentate l’efficacia del flusso azioni/informazioni durante un’emergenza, il funzionamento dell’Unità di Crisi, la funzionalità dei protocolli dei Gruppi d’Emergenza, l’efficienza delle attività in sede per gli aspetti tecnico-logistici, il flusso di comunicazione interno e le comunicazioni istituzionali esterne (queste ultime simulate). In questo articolo sono descritte le fasi di organizzazione ed attuazione dell’esercitazione. Inoltre, durante il suo svolgimento, la valutazione dell’efficacia dell’organizzazione e delle attività svolte dai gruppi coinvolti è stata affidata ad alcuni osservatori e qui è allegata l’elaborazione dei commenti riportati. Abbiamo fatto infine una sintesi dei risultati positivi e delle criticità emerse dall’esercitazione, attività così importante a nostro avviso da considerarne indispensabile la ripetizione con cadenza quanto meno annuale.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1SR. TERREMOTI - Servizi e ricerca per la Società
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Esercitazione emergenza simica ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Australia: historical earthquake studies (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Historical studies of earthquakes in Australia using information dating back to 1788 have been comprehensive, if not exhaustive. Newspapers have been the main source of historical earthquake studies. A brief review is given here with an introduction to the pre-European aboriginal dreamtime information. Some of the anecdotal information of the last two centuries has been compiled as isoseismal maps. Relationships between isoseismal radii and magnitude have been established using post-instrumental data allowing magnitudes to be assigned to the pre-instrumental data, which can then be incorporated into the national earthquake database. The studies have contributed to hazard analyses for the building codes and stimulated research into microzonation and paleo-seismology.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; Australia ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Assessing the completeness of Italian historical earthquake data (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The assessment of the completeness of historical earthquake data (such as, for instance, parametric earthquake catalogues) has usually been approached in seismology - and mainly in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Assessment(PSHA) - by means of statistical procedures. Such procedures look «inside» the data set under investigation and compare it to seismicity models, which often require more or less explicitly that seismicity is stationary. They usually end up determining times (Ti), from which on the data set is considered as complete above a given magnitude (Mi); the part of the data set before Ti is considered as incomplete and, for that reason, not suitable for statistical analysis. As a consequence, significant portions of historical data sets are not used for PSHA. Dealing with historical data sets - which are incomplete by nature, although this does not mean that they are of low value - it seems more appropriate to estimate «how much incomplete» the data sets can be and to use them together with such estimates. In other words, it seems more appropriate to assess the completeness looking «outside » the data sets; that is, investigating the way historical records have been produced, preserved and retrieved. This paper presents the results of investigation carried out in Italy, according to historical methods. First, the completeness of eighteen site seismic histories has been investigated; then, from those results, the completeness of areal portions of the catalogue has been assessed and compared with similar results obtained by statistical methods. Finally, the impact of these results on PSHA is described.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: completeness ; historical earthquakes ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Historical earthquake investigation and research in China (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: China is one of the countries with the longest tradition of culture and has suffered many earthquake disasters, so many earthquake documents have therefore been conserved. In this paper we try to outline some basic information of historical earthquake investigation and research in China, such as collection of historical earthquake data from archives, historical earthquake catalogues, seismic intensity scales. We introduce briefly the huge accomplishments of historical research and discuss some problems encountered. Through examples, we illustrate the solutions to some typical problems. There are some suggestions on further work.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; catalogues ; intensity ; isoseismals ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    State-of-the-art of the historical seismology in Colombia (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: In Colombia are available a discreet number of historical seismology investigations, dating back 50 years. This paper reviews basic information about earthquakes studies in Colombia, such as primary sources, compilation of descriptive catalogues and parametric catalogues. Father Jesús Emilio Ramírez made the main systematic study before 1975. During the last 20 years, great earthquakes hit Colombia and, as consequence, historical seismology investigation was developed in the frame of seismic hazard projects.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; historical seismology ; catalogue ; intensity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    Historical earthquakes in Mexico. Past efforts andnew multidisciplinary achievements (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The 1985 Mexican earthquakes demonstrated that knowledge concerning their history was still scarce and precarious.In fact those earthquakes acted as triggers, because it was then when a new field of research began to develop: disaster historical research. An initial task was to retrieve the history of earthquakes in Mexico in order throughout to produce an exhaustive inventory. The main result was a paradigmatic catalogue, published some years ago as the book Los sismos en la historia de México (Earthquakes in Mexican History). It contains information about every event along 450 years of Mexican seismological history. This paper will focus on the background of this seismological compilation and its characteristics, addressing mainly methodological items concerning sources, qualitative and/or quantitative data, the importance of joint and multidisciplinary efforts, and the research they have inspired on historical earthquakes investigation in Mexico.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; catalogues ; seismological compilations ; pictograms ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The 12th century seismic paroxysmin the Middle East: a historical perspective (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The Dead Sea Fault and its junction with the southern segment of the East Anatolian fault zone, despite their high tectonic activity have been relatively quiescent in the last two centuries. Historical evidence, however, shows that in the 12th century these faults ruptured producing the large earthquakes of 1114, 1138, 1157 and 1170. This paroxysm occurred during one of the best-documented periods for which we have both Occidental and Arab chronicles, and shows that the activity of the 20th century, which is low, is definitely not a reliable guide to the activity over a longer period. The article is written for this Workshop Proceedings with the archaeoseismologist, and in particular with the seismophile historian in mind. It aims primarily at putting on record what is known about the seismicity of the region in the 12th century, describe the problems associated with the interpretation of macroseismic data, their limitations and misuse, and assess their completeness, rather than answer in detail questions regarding the tectonics and seismic hazard of the region, which will be dealt with elsewhere on a regional basis.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Middle East ; 12th century ; historical earthquakes ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Rilievo macrosismico del terremoto del 15 dicembre 2009 nella Valle del Tevere e considerazioni sull'applicazione della scala EMS98 (2010)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In questo lavoro vengono presentati e discussi i risultati del rilievo macrosismico effettuato in termini di European Macroseismic Scale 1998 del terremoto del 15 dicembre 2009. L’evento, di Ml 4.2, ha colpito la Valle del Tevere tra le province di Terni e Perugia, ed ha avuto una intensità EMS pari al 7 grado. Il rilievo è servito anche come test sull’uso della scala EMS98, non ancora utilizzata sistematicamente per i terremoti italiani, attraverso un’indagine di dettaglio nelle quattro località più danneggiate. Il tentativo di una applicazione rigorosa della scala ha fatto emergere alcune problematiche metodologiche, di fronte alle quali sono state fatte delle scelte in linea con le Linee Guida della scala. In particolare l’adozione del grado intero ci sembra l’alternativa più robusta per contrastare la abusata tentazione di usare la scala macrosismica come una misura continua dello scuotimento. This paper shows the results of the macroseismic survey of the December 15, 2009 earthquake, performed according to the EuropeanMacroseismic Scale 1998. The event (Ml 4.2), hit the Tiber Valley, between the Terni and Perugia provinces has been evaluated of intensity 7. As the EMS98 is not yet systematically used for Italian earthquakes, we tested it by means of a detailed survey in the most damaged localities. The several methodological questions arisen led us to make some choices according to the Guidelines of the EMS98, in the intensity assessment. Particularly effective is, in our opinion, the choice to preserve the integer character of the scale, and not use intermediate formulations of the intensity degree. 4
    Description: Published
    Description: 1-21
    Description: 1.11. TTC - Osservazioni e monitoraggio macrosismico del territorio nazionale
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: rilievo macrosismico ; valle del tevere ; 15 dicembre 2009 ; ems98 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The Central Apennines Teleseismic Transect (1995) (2017)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: In the summer of 1995 a teleseismic transect was deployed across the central Apennines. It is the second of a series of passive seismic field experiments (Figure 1) planned for inferring information on the crust and the upper mantle beneath the Italian region. These studies on the deep structure are part of a m u l t i d i s c i p l i n a ry two years project "Geodynamic Modeling of an active Region of the Mediterranean: The Apennines" funded by the European Community (contract EV5V-0464), whose final goal is the definition of a g e o d y n a m i c model of the Apennines based on a variety of geological and geophysical studies. For more details on the project see the Report on the Northern Apennines teleseismic transect (Amato et al., 1995).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1IT. Reti di monitoraggio e Osservazioni
    Description: N/A or not JCR
    Description: open
    Keywords: Central Apennines ; teleseismic transect ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The Philippine historical earthquakecatalog: its development, current stateand future directions (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This report will trace the development of the historical earthquake catalog of the Philippines, assess its present state and recommend future research directions. The current Philippine historical earthquake catalog is culled from various catalogs, both global and local, that were developed since the first Philippine catalog by Perrey was published in 1860. While early global catalogs gave simple mention of earthquakes in the Philippines, more focused earthquake catalogs about the Philippines gave more explicit descriptions of earthquake accounts and adopted descriptions by local historians. Over the years, various historians and seismologists continued to compile their catalogs whose contents depended on the authors perspectives and purposes. These works varied from simple listings to others including detailed descriptions. It was only recently that an attempt made to parameterize the magnitudes and epicenters of Philippine historical earthquakes using magnitude-felt area relations was done. A more detailed catalog, however, is now underway that will show details of intensity distribution for each significant historical earthquake. By comparing the historical catalog with the recent catalog and assuming that the recent catalog is complete, we find that there are still a substantial amount of historical earthquakes that needs to be reviewed and located. Possible sources of new information are local libraries, museums and archives in the Philippines, Spain and other Southeast Asian countries to which the country was in contact with during historical times.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquake catalog ; Philippine earthquakes ; seismic hazard assessment ; archival documents ; historical accounts ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The CERESIS earthquake catalogue and database of the Andean Region: background, characteristics and examples of use (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The history of earthquakes in South America starts with the coming of the Spanish and Portuguese «conquistadores» at the beginning of the 16th century. Their chronicles, and those of local historians, are the only source of earthquake information for the following 400 years. The creation of the Regional Centre for Seismology for South America (CERESIS) was a major factor for homogenous regional progress, in that CERESIS promoted the implementation of the first unified earthquake catalogue and database for the whole Andean Region. This paper reviews basic information about the intensity database and the focal parameter catalogues proposed by CERESIS in 1985. Further macroseismic data available from the CERESIS database (earthquakes with I0 = 8) are used to obtain preliminary results for the earthquake source parameters of selected South American historical events. The case of the Great Earthquake of the Venezuelan Andes, 29 April 1894, is presented in some detail.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; CERESIS database ; South America ; intensity data points ; earthquakesource parameters ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    The new release of the database of Earthquake Mechanisms of the Mediterranean Area (EMMA Version 2) (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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    An atlas of Mediterranean seismicity (2006)
    INGV
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.09. Miscellaneous::05.09.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The state-of-the-art and practiceof long-term seismicity (2006)
    INGV
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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    Materials for the investigation of historical seismicity in Algeriafrom the records of past earthquakes (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This paper presents some materials relating to the investigation of historical seismicity in Algeria. The historical seismicity in Algeria is imperfectly known: its coverage is discontinuous and its record is grossly deficient. The seismicity of the twentieth century is relatively well documented; however, the further back in time, the harder it becomes to collect data. Even so, important research work in studying the seismicity in Algeria has been made in the past by several studies, notably those by Alexis Perrey, M. Chesneau, F. de Montessus de Ballore, N.N. Ambraseys and J. Vogt. This paper discusses the problems of historical earthquake investigation in Algeria and presents a selection of notable historical earthquakes in the country.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Historical seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    A glimpse at the historical seismology of the West Indies (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This contribution describes the state-of-the-art of historical seismology in the West Indies. An overview of the current parametric earthquake catalogues shows that historical earthquakes in the Greater and Lesser Antilles are less well known compared to those which affected the Venezuelan and Central American regions. Problems are still numerous and hard to solve for most former earthquakes, known from the mid 16th century on. The analysis of the catalogues shows that they are incomplete, and that their reliability also should be reconsidered. In recent years, the author has investigated locally stored primary historical sources as well as those in foreign archives and libraries, for instance in France and the United States. The paper deals with some case histories, the 1692, 1751, 1767, 1770, 1830, 1842, 1852, 1860, 1887, 1892 earthquakes in the Greater Antilles, the 1690, 1727, 1839, 1843, 1867 and 1897 in the Lesser Antilles. The examples highlight that there is still a need for further improving our knowledge on the historical seismicity of the West Indies, and that the investigation of the sources and repositories located outside this region is an open way to fruitfully approach this task.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    A brief history of a restless vision: seismological research in Venezuela (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Seismological research in Venezuela has managed to survive in the Twentieth century in spite of having produced only two catalogues for public consultation in a period of sixty years, the last of them being published in 1999. However, great investigators, national and foreign, gave their best years to scientific knowledge. Through their restlessness and attitudes, the perspective of the science of earthquakes was constructed. Watching through their eyes, and by means of the 1812 earthquakes, the most controversial and important in this country, the history of the Venezuelan seismology is revealed in this paper. Amidst discussions and ruins, opening footpaths on destructive earthquakes, Venezuelan seismology began to build its own vision.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquake catalogue ; seismological methodology ; historical seismology ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Current knowledge on the Central America historical seismicity: an analysisof recent catalogues (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Historical seismicity studies in Central America have increased since 1980. Currently, there is a well-organized regional digital catalogue database structured according to modern techniques. It contains more than 17 000 earthquakes which occurred between 1520 and 1992. A regional tsunami catalogue is also available. The historical seismicity research included a more complete earthquake documentation obtained from foreign and Central American depositories. New intensity data point estimates and isoseismal maps allows among others, macroseismic magnitude calculations and seismogenic source determinations, for many pre-1900 earthquakes. Future trends in Central America historical seismicity research are discussed.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; catalogues ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 05. General::05.02. Data dissemination::05.02.02. Seismological data
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    On historical earthquakes in Switzerland: summary of compilations and investigations (2006)
    INGV
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Studies of historical earthquakes in Switzerland are contained in monographs, chronological collections of effects and parametric catalogues. The systematic collection of macroseismic material started with the creation of the Swiss Seismological Commission in 1878. All parametric catalogues since 1975 have been prepared for seismic hazard assessment. The most up-to-date investigation of macroseismic data and compilation into a catalogue (ECOS) was made in the 2002 in context of the re-assessment of seismic hazard for nuclear sites.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; ECOS ; seismic hazard ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    Seismic activity in Ghana: past, present and future (2006)
    INGV
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: Though Ghana is far away from the major earthquake zones of the world, it is prone to earthquake disaster. Ghana has records of damaging earthquakes dating as far back as 1615. The last three major events occurred in 1862, 1906 and 1939. This paper presents the main historical and current instrumental recorded earthquakes of Ghana and the steps being taken to mitigate the negative effects of such disastrous occurrences in the country. The discussion is based on historical and current data obtained from the seismological observatories in Accra and Kukurantumi. Historical earthquakes of magnitude greater than 6.0 and current local tremors with magnitudes ranging from 1.0 to 4.8 on the Richter scale have been recorded since the establishment of the seismograph stations.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: seismicity ; Ghana ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    History of earthquake studies in Russia (2006)
    INGV
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: To evaluate the completeness of modern knowledge on historical seismicity it is necessary to know the general geopolitical and socio-cultural background in the country. It determines the possibility to record the evidence of an earthquake and conserve the record in original form for a long time-period. The potential duration of historical earthquake study in Russia is assessed based on these considerations. Certain stages of earthquake study in Russia have been detected. Specific problems of seismicity studies of low active areas are discussed as an example of Russian platform. The value of each (even moderate magnitude) event becomes crucial for seismic hazard assessment in such territories. A correct identification of event nature (tectonic earthquake or exogenous phenomena - landslides, karsts, etc.) is practically impossible without using primary sources with detailed descriptions. Occurrence of modern earthquakes can be used to assess the accuracy of historical seismicity knowledge.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: earthquakes ; historical seismicity ; evaluation of completeness and accuracy of knowledgeon seismicity ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
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    Historical earthquake investigations in Greece (2006)
    INGV
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The active tectonics of the area of Greece and its seismic activity have always been present in the countrys history. Many researchers, tempted to work on Greek historical earthquakes, have realized that this is a task not easily fulfilled. The existing catalogues of strong historical earthquakes are useful tools to perform general SHA studies. However, a variety of supporting datasets, non-uniformly distributed in space and time, need to be further investigated. In the present paper, a review of historical earthquake studies in Greece is attempted. The seismic history of the country is divided into four main periods. In each one of them, characteristic examples, studies and approaches are presented.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; earthquake catalogues ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
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    The history of historical earthquake research in Germany (2006)
    INGV
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    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: The paper summarizes the history of collecting and evaluating information on earthquakes in Germany. A rich literature mentioning historical and contemporary earthquakes has existed since the 16th century. Early earthquake catalogues began to appear in the middle of the 16th century, some of which report earthquakes in Germany dating back to the 9th century. Modern seismological views were introduced in connection with intense philosophical analysis of the 1755 Lisbon earthquake, which was largely observed in Central Europe. The 19th century was characterized by a tremendous increase in detailed earthquake studies as well as earthquake compilations in the form of catalogues. The most comprehensive non-parametric catalogues were created in the middle of the 20th century, while the first digital parametric catalogues were published in the 1980s. This was also the time when critical studies on the re-interpretation of historical earthquakes began. Only in the 1990s was such analysis made in a systematic manner resulting in numerous publications and the current development of a modern earthquake catalogue.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical earthquakes ; fake quakes ; historical earthquake research ; earthquake catalogues ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 1928240 bytes
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  • 38
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    Catalogues of historical earthquakes in Italy (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: A complete survey of historical earthquake investigation in Italy cannot be compressed into a few pages, since it would entail making a summary of widely different phases of research (performed by past scholars and by contemporary scientists and historians) and taking into account the widely different historical contexts, methodological assumptions and critical awareness of each of them. This short note only purposes to chart the main stages of the progress made by Italian historical seismology, from the late 17th century compilation by Bonito(1691) up to the latest parametric catalogue (Working Group CPTI, 1999).
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismology ; earthquake catalogue ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 1245313 bytes
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  • 39
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    An outline of earthquake catalogues, databases and studies of historical seismicity in the Iberian Peninsula (2006)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-29
    Description: The general purpose of the present paper is to summarize the state-of-the-art of historical earthquake knowledge and research in the Iberian Peninsula, giving an account of the main references, the historical developments and the present situation of earthquake catalogues. The most representative historical works for compiling earthquake data (catalogues) up to 1985 are referred together with those of more recent investigations carried out in Spain and Portugal for the period 1985-2003. Existing databases on historical seismicity are presented, mentioning the most important achievements in relation to quality of information.
    Description: Published
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: historical seismicity ; catalogues ; macroseismic data ; earthquake database ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.05. Historical seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 663791 bytes
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