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  • Articles  (89)
  • Clarias gariepinus  (74)
  • Chemistry  (18)
  • FISON  (82)
  • Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Biology
  • 1
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    Biogeochemical study of poly aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and its physiological affection response in mudskipper (Boleophthalmus dussumieri) at coast of Khuzestan (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Biology
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19121 | 17408 | 2016-02-01 21:05:26 | 19121 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Study on the biomarkers types to assess health status of marine ecosystems in environmental biomonitoring has an important value. Accordingly, accumulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) in sediment, water and tissues (liver and gill) of mudskipper(i.e. Boleophthalmus dussumieri) and some physiological responses like lysosomal membrane change performed on haemocytes, stability of red blood cell membrane and the Glutathione-S Transferase (GST) activity in the liver were measured in mudskipper. Samples were obtained from five sites along north western coast of the Persian Gulf (Khuzestan coast). Red blood cell membrane changes after different concentration of PAHs at different time was also studied to evaluate impact of PAHs compound on cell membrane. PAHs concentration was measured by HPLC method. The activity of GST enzyme was analysed by spectrophotometric method. Lysosomal membrane change was measured by NRR time method and stability of red blood cell membrane was evaluated by EOF test. Total PAH concentrations in the coastal sea water, the sediments, theliver and the gill tissues ranged between 0.80-18.34 μg/l, 113.50-3384.34 ng g-1 (dry weight), 3.99-46.64 ng g-1 dw and 3.11-17.76 ng g-1 dw, respectively.Highest PAHs pollution was found at Jafari while the lowest was detected at Bahrakan sampling sites. The lowest enzymatic activity was identified at Bahrakan (7.19 ± 1.541 nmol/mg protein/min), while the highest was recordedat Jafari (46.96 ± 7.877 nmol/mg protein/min). Comparative analysis of GST activity in the liver of mudskippers showed significant difference (p 〈 0.05) between the locations of Jafari and Bahrakan, and with other sites. Moreover, nosignificant difference was detected between the locations of Arvand, Zangi and Samayeli (p 〈 0.05). The mean RT was below 90 minutes in all sampling sites.Values of mean RT of the dye ranged from 34 (for the blood samples of mudskipper collected from Jafari site) to 78 minutes (for the blood samples of mudskipper collected from Bahrakan site). Spatial evaluation revealed the longest RT in fish from Bahrakan as compared with those from other sites.Preliminary results showed a significant difference (p 〈 0.05) among sampling sites except between Arvand and Zangi (p 〉 0.05). Osmotic fragility curves indicated that erythrocytes collected from mudskippers at Jafari were the most 009fragile followed by Zangi〉 Arvand〉 Samayeli〉 and Bahrakan. The mean erythrocyte fragility was significantly higher at Jafari site (p 〈 0.05) when compared to other sites. Significant differences were found between the varioussites (p 〈 0.05).The result indicated no significant differences between the control and treatments of mudskipper RBC exposed to field concentrations of PAHs (P〉0.05). The results further indicated significant differences (P〈0.05) between the control and treatments of mudskipper RBC exposed to acute. Potency Divisor concentrations. It is clear from the present result that chronic. Potency Divisor concentrations protect red cells against osmotic hemolysis. This study, however, showed that PAH concentrations in this region are not higher than the available standards. The findings showed that Lysosomal membrane destabilization, liver GST activities and fragility of red cell membrane are highly sensitive in the mudskipper, B. dussumieri. Thus, mudskipper perceived to begood sentinel organisms for PAH pollution monitoring. Sediment PAH concentrations were strongly correlated with biomarkers, indicating that PAH type pollutants were biologically available to fish. One of the possible riskassessment implications of this study is that biomarkers can be applied not only to characterize biological effects of pollution exposures, but also to determine the bioavailability of pollution in aquatic systems. The results also indicated that PAHs compound possess anti haemolytic property.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors:P. Eghtesadi Araghi, A. Mashinchian Counsellors: M. R. Fatemi, G. Riazi
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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  • 2
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    Refolding of omega conotoxin peptide derived from marine snail, Conus magus, to evaluate its analgesic effects (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Biology
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/20998 | 17408 | 2016-08-17 09:39:37 | 20998 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Oxidative refolding is one of the key challenges hampering the development of peptide based compounds as therapeutics. The correct refolding for three disulfide peptide like w-Conotoxi n MVIIA is difficult and crucial for biological activity. This work advanced knowledge of chemical and biological for improve oxidative refolding of synthetic w-Conotoxi n MVIIA in base of Conus magus venom. The present study aimed to set up an appropriate and effective protocols for refolding of disulfide-rich w-Conotoxin MVIIA. In this study, the crude peptide was protected with Acm group, according to the right amino acid sequences (Synthesized by Australian Company). The crude peptide was purified by H PLC. To prepare the peptide to refolding, innovative deprotection applied molar ratio (AMR) method was performed based on mercury. Accuracy of deprotection was approved by reverse phase chromatography. The deprotected target peptide (omega-conotoxin) was determined by SDS-PAGE. Then the Oxidative refolding of target peptide was performed in six protocol based on Guanidinium chloride and oxidized and reduced Glutathione. Analgesic effect of refolded peptide was surveyed with formalin test in mice Balb/c. Non neurotoxic effects of target peptides were survey with ICV injection in mice model (C57/BL6). The innovative deprotection protocol performed based on the best ratio of mercury/2-mercaptoethanol adjusted to 1mg/10p1 in 90 minute. The results showed the yield and purity of omega-conotoxin MVIIA as 93 and 95%, respectively. Refolding of 40 mg omega Conotoxin with GSSG and GSH on ratio of 10:1 and 20 mM ammonium acetate showed the best analgesic effect compared with the other methods. The result showed 95.5% yield and 98% purity of omega-conotoxin MVIIA in this refolding method. Related refolding method reduced 85% pain in experimented mice using 7 ng of the peptide. That was 71.5 fold stronger than morphine and 2 times than standard Prialt®. And it was not neurotoxic in mice. In this study, refolding method for omega-conotoxin MVIIA was optimized in the fourth factor including: reducing the time, amount and number of reagent and increase the efficiency. We introduced new method for deprotection of omega-conotoxin MVIIA. Effective, economic and applied refolding and deprotecti on method was performed in this research may al so be applied to similar omega conotoxin peptides.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: Delavar, Shahbazzadeh; Shahla, Jamili; counsellors: Kamran, Pooshang Bagheri; Pargol, Ghavam Mostafavi
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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  • 3
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    Biological activities (antibacterial, antifungal and cytotoxic) of secondary metabolites of Ircinia spp. (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Biology
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21024 | 17408 | 2016-08-24 10:11:29 | 21024 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Sponges are the most primitive of the multicellular, These organisms don’t have any mechanical defense system, so their early appearance in evolution has given them a lot of time for the development of advanced secondary metabolites as chemical defense system. Sponges have the potential to provide drugs from chemical components against diseases. In this investigation the sponge samples, which it is Ircina spp., were collected at depth of 15- 24 meter, from locations on the coastline of Island Kish in Persian Gulf of Iran. For identifying natural components, methanolic and diethyletter were used as extraction solvents, after removal of the solvents, the GC/MS spectra of the fraction were obtained. Then in vitro cytotoxic, antimicrobial and antifungal were identified. In vitro cytotoxity screening, by XTT assay, against KB/ C359 and HUT-56/ C365 cell line, was conducted in this study in 1 - 544 μg/ml. IC54 for winter diethyletter extract was 325 μg/ml, winter methanolic extract was 364 μg/ml, IC54 for summer diethyletter extract was 544 μg/ml, and summer methanolic extract was 454 μg/ml in HUT-56. IC54 for winter diethyletter extract was 454 μg/ml, winter methanolic extract was 444 μg/ml, IC54 for summer diethyletter extract was 344 μg/ml, and summer methanolic extract was 424 μg/ml in KB. In vitro antimicrobial activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical gram-positives and gram negatives (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis). The results conducted that the MIC values of winter diethyletter extract for Escherichia coli 24mg/ml, the MIC values of winter diethyletter extract for Escherichia coli 24mg/ml, the MIC and MBC values of winter diethyletter extract for Staphylococcus aureus was 2mg/ml and 24mg/ml. The MIC and MBC values of winter diethyletter extract for Bacillus subtilis was 1.5 mg/ml and 2mg/ml. In vitro antifungal activity by Broth Dilution Methods against clinical pathogens; Candida albicans and Aspergillus fumigatus. The results conducted that the aqueous extracts didn’t have any antifungal activities on pathogens, the MFC of the summer and winter diethyletter extract was 30 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml A. fumigates, the summer and winter methanolic extract was 0722 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml A. fumigates, the summer and winter methanolic was 4/75mg/ml, MFC 5 mg/ml on C. albicans.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors: A. A., Motallebi; SH., Jamili; Counsellors: A., Mashinchian; P., Gavam Mostafavi
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Health
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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  • 4
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    Determination of some hematologic effect the Persian Gulf blackfin stonefish, (Pseudosynanceia melanostigma), venom on albino mice blood (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Biology
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/21650 | 17408 | 2017-11-14 09:22:12 | 21650 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-27
    Description: Toxins produced by flora and fauna and its proteins as well as valuable pharmaceutical compounds. They contain proteins used in producing painkillers, drugs for treating cancer, infectious diseases, allergy, blood pressure, etc. In this study on 250 blackfin stonefish, we investigated the LD50 and hematological effects of the toxin produced by this fish along with its pharmacological and enzymatic properties investigated by other researchers. One and three LD50 of venom injected IM in Rabbits under study was administered IV and different parameter like PT, PTT, cbc total protein and SDS-PAGE venom electrophoreses were studied before and 24 hours after venom injection. The total protein was estimated 331 µg/ml and the level of RBC WBC were 6.62 and 7.1 mm3 before venom treatment and reduce to 6.3 and 5.7 mm3 after venom injection. The MCH=21 pg MCHC=32.6% Hb=13.95 g/dl HCT=42.8% were before venom treatment and reduce to MCV=65.3 fl MCH= 22 pg MCHC=33.7% Hb=12.7 g/dl HCT=37.7% after venom injection The PT and PTT reduce after venom treatment (before venom treatment were PT=8.5 second & PTT = 27 second and after venom injection PT=15 second & PTT = 34 second) the platelet count reduce after venom injection (before venom=495 103/microliter and after venom was 49 103/microliter). Our results showed that the venom caused a significant reduction In WBC, RBC Hb, Hct, and platelet count which is due to lysis of cell after venom treatment.
    Description: Masters
    Description: Advisors:Dr. Shahla Jamili; Dr. Hossein Zolfagharian
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
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  • 5
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    Proximate composition and amino acids profile of smoked catfish Clarias gariepinus and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (2021)
    FISON | Lagos, Nigeria
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23226 | 19325 | 2018-03-18 14:51:17 | 23226 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The proximate composition and amino acids assay of smoked Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus were determined using standard procedures. The mean proximate composition of Oreochromis niloticus are 8.9% moisture, 16.00% lipids, 5.6% ash, 44.5% crude protein, 0.42% crude fiber and 24.9% NFE while Clarias gariepinus has 8.19% moisture, 15.55% lipids, 4.725 ash, 40.46% crude protein, 0.50% crude fiber and 30.58% NFE. There is therefore a nutrient variation between the 2 species of fish Oreochromis niloticus has higher crude protein, lipids, moisture and ash content than Clarias gariepinus.The amino acids profile shows that both fishes have 17 amino acids. Apart from Tryptophan, the following essential amino acids Histidine, Methionine, Threonine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Valine and Phenylalanine are present in both fish. Oreochromis niloticus however has higher quantities of the essential amino acids except for Histidine than Clarias gariepinus
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;2 figs.;7 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Nigeria ; Kainji L. ; freshwater environment ; Amino acids ; Ash content ; Lipids ; Organic compounds ; Moisture ; Proteins
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  • 6
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    The genetic characteristics of cephalic abnormality and its aquaculture implication in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos, Nigeria
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23241 | 19325 | 2018-03-18 15:26:11 | 23241 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Cephalic abnormality in nine mating groups involving Clarias gariepinus with cephalic abnormality, non Cephalic and Maiduguri origin were investigated to determine the level and the genetic basis of the occurrences and its aquaculture implication. The highest mean percentage survival in a Cephalic crossed with non cephalic group was 68.6% whereas the last mean percentage survival was 25.7% in the group of Maiduguri cross with Maiduguri parent. Cephalic abnormality was observed in the crosses with both female and male cephalic with a total frequency ranging from 0 % to 70.8. %. The least number of cephalic abnormality was 18.5% which involved a cross of non cephalic with cephalic, and the highest was 70.8%. This level of cephalic abnormality shows that the defect was hereditary. This result implies that, the genetic factor is a major contributor in the feature of cephalic abnormality in Clarias gariepinus.
    Description: Includes:-1 table.;3 appendixes.;11 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; freshwater environment ; Diseases ; Deformation ; Fish culture ; Genetics ; Abnormalities ; Genetic abnormalities
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  • 7
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    Acute toxicity and behavioural effects of chlorpyrifosethyl pesticide to juveniles of Clarias gariepinus Teugels (2021)
    FISON | Lagos, Nigeria
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23253 | 19325 | 2018-03-25 14:37:19 | 23253 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Chlorpyrifos-ethyl with its mode of action was evaluated in laboratory studies to determine its 96-h acute toxicity, using juveniles of Clarias gariepinus. The fish was exposed in glass aquaria to 0.64~cmg/l, 0.80mg/l, 0.96mg/l, 1.12mg/1 and 1. 28mg/1. The test substance was found to have lethal effects on fish as they changed fish behaviour and caused death. The 96-hLC50 value for C. gariepinus was estimated as 0.92mgl-1. Observations of be bavioural and mophlogical responses were used as indicators of sublethal toxicity. The behavioural toxicology bioassay may be valuable in comparing and predicting the mode of action of new or unknown toxicants in this and other fish species.
    Description: Includes:- 1 table.;1 fig.;2 plates.;38 refs
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pollution ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; freshwater environment ; Toxicity ; Toxicants ; Pollution ; Lethal effects
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  • 8
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    Clinical changes observed in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) fed varying levels of ascorbic acid supplemented diets (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23328 | 19325 | 2018-04-06 16:06:27 | 23328 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: This study was undertaken to observe the clinical changes associated with the dietary ascorbic acid supplementation in the diet of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, using the presence or absence of scorbutic (ascorbic acid deficiency) symptoms as indices. Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (6.02~c 04g) were randomly distributed into glass tanks of 60 x 45 x 45cm3 dimension at ten fish per tank in a triplicate treatment. Five diets containing 40% crude protein was formulated. Ascorbic acid (AA) was supplemented in the diets as ascorbyl-2-polyphosphate (a mixture of phosphate esters of ascorbate). Each treatment had varying levels of ascorbic acid (AA) supplementation, at 0 (Control) 50, 100, 150 and 200mg AA/kg, in Treatments 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively. Fish were fed practical diets twice daily at 900hrs and 1600hrs. Weekly weighing of fish was done and data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. At the end of week 4, fish fed scorbutic diets (diets without Ascorbic acid) had significantly lower weight than fish fed AA supplemented diets (P〈0.05). After week 6, fish fed scorbutic diet began to develop clinical symptoms including lordosis (lateral curvature), broken skull, pigmentation and scoliosis (vertical curvature). Radiographs confirmed defects in the vertebral columns of fish in this treatment. Highest mortality was recorded in this treatment as 30%, In all parameters considered, treatment 4 fed 150mg AA/kg gave the best AA supplementation that prevented growth reduction and clinical signs of AA deficiency.
    Description: Includes:-3 tables.;11 plates.;17 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; freshwater environment ; Feeding experiments ; Fish culture
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 9
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    Study of ichthyofauna of Daberam Reservoir, Katsina State (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23327 | 19325 | 2018-04-06 16:05:03 | 23327 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Research was carried out to explore the fish species diversity and study some aspects of the biology of fish of Daberam reservoir, Katsina state, Nigeria, for a period of three month from March to May 2009. Samples were collected from commercial fishermen and experimental fishing gears, preserved in formalin and taken to laboratory for identification; confirmation was done by fisheries experts. Eight genus comprising ten species were identified. The regression coefficient (b) was 3.07, 2.91 and 3.21 for the three most commercially importance species in the reservoir i.e. Oreochromis niloticus, and Clarias gariepinus respectively which indicated Positive allometric growth for O. niloticus and C. gariepinus and negative allometric growth for T. nilotica. The mean condition factor (k) was 1.140, with values of 1.027and 0.732 for O. niloticus and C. gariepinus, respectively. This indicates that the fish are not leaving well compared to other freshwater fishes.
    Description: 18 refs.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Daberam Reservoir ; freshwater environment ; Fishery biology ; Biodiversity ; Species diversity ; Length-weight relationships ; Condition factor
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  • 10
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    Evaluations off heavy metals in fish from Lake Geriyo Yola, Nigeria using x-ray fluorescence technique (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23338 | 19325 | 2018-04-07 17:17:18 | 23338 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The evaluation of Cr. Cu, Mn, Fe, Ni, Zn,As and Pb concentrations in Clarias gariepinus and Oreochromis niloticus from Lake Geriyo Yola,Adamawa, Nigeria using X - ray fluorescence (XRF) technique is discussed. The analytical samples are irradiated with high energy electrons of 109Cd to produce fluorescent X-rays was produced which passes to the Silicon-lithium detector through Mo target as a source of monochromatic X-rays. The spectrum of energy generated on the detector was processed by a Multi- Channel Analyzer to obtain analytical data. The intensity of the fluorescent X-rays on the detector is proportional to the concentration of the individual element of interest in the sample. This method can identify up to 30 or more elements at the same time. The results showed varying levels of heavy metals in the fishes. The concentrations of Cr, Mn, Cu, and Ni in the fishes were much higher than WHO and PEPA maximum permissible limits, while the concentrations of Zn and Pb were lower than the standards. The results suggest that the lake is polluted with Cr, Mn, Cu and Ni and the consumption of fishes of the lake is life threatening to man.
    Description: Includes:- 1table.;11 refs.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Chemistry ; Pollution ; Clarias gariepinus ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Nigeria ; Geriyo L. ; freshwater environment ; Heavy metals ; Fish ; X-ray fluorescence analysis ; Pollution ; Pollution effects
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  • 11
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    Toxicity of promethazine hydrochloride (Phenergan) to Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23360 | 19325 | 2018-04-08 17:55:59 | 23360 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The acute toxicity of promethazine hydrochloride (phenergan) to Clarias gariepinus fingerlings was conducted using static bioassay under laboratory conditions. The 96h LC50 was determined as 172.5 mg/1. Mean mortality was 5, 10, 20, 50, 100% in the concentration of 69, 103.5, 138.0, 172.5 and 207 mg/1 respectively, while there was no mortality in the control treatment. There were significant differences (P〈0.05) on the effect of concentration, the higher the mortality of C. gariepinus fingerlings while toxicity of phenergan increased with duration of exposure. C. gariepinus showed increased hyperactivities, cell deformation, lesions and necrosis during the period of exposure. The physicochemical parameters also showed a slight increase as the concentration increased.
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;9 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Pollution ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; stress ; freshwater environment ; Toxicology ; Histopathology ; Biological stress
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  • 12
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    Development of a model rotatory fish smoking kiln using agro-wastes as source of fuel (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23359 | 19325 | 2018-04-08 12:13:35 | 23359 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: A model fish smoking kiln was designed and fabricated to use agro-wastes (sawdust, palm kernel shell and rice bran) as alternative to conventionally used charcoal (control) as fuel energy source for smoking fish. Clarias gariepinus was washed, brined and smoked in chunks or whole in the kiln. The smoking kiln has an estimated capacity of 40kg of fish/batch with six fish trays and 36 fish hooks. Heat transfer is by conduction and convection. The rotatory wheel and axle on which the fish drying trays were anchored ensured even distribution of heat. The kiln has 69.4% energy efficiency and drying period of 10 hours at an average temperature range of 60 - 120degreesC, depending on the type of agro-waste used as source of fuel energy. The fuel conversion ratio, drying rates and calorific values of the different agro-waste products were also determined. Calorific value of the four agro-wastes ranged between 16.2MJ/Kg in palm kernel to 30MJ/Kg in charcoal. The drying rates of sawdust and rice bran compare favourably with charcoal and they produced smoked fish similar in dryness and quality with fish smoked with charcoal. Palm kernel had the least drying rate of smoked fish (weight/hour) during the 10-hour smoking duration.
    Description: Includes:- 3tables.;2 figs.;9refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Akure ; freshwater environment ; Curing ; Processing fishery products ; Cured products
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    Format: 148-151
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  • 13
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    Efficacy of formalin in the removal of adhesiveness from Clarias gariepinus eggs during artificial propagation (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23358 | 19325 | 2018-04-08 12:11:51 | 23358 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The aim of this study was to establish the efficacy of formalin in removing the adhesiveness of Clarias gariepinus eggs during artificial propagation and the effects on prospective fry. 1g of catfish eggs were put in five concentrations of formalin \{O.O (control), 0.4, 0.6, 0.8 and 1.0 mg/l\} at three exposure times (10, 15 or 20min). In each treatment, the detachment of eggs increases with exposure time but were not significantly different (P〉O.05). 0.4mg/1 of formalin had the highest number of detached eggs. At the highest formalin concentration 72% of the eggs still adhered together which provide a good substrate for the growth of fungi. The use of formalin delayed hatching of C. gariepinus eggs when compared with the control. The more the exposure period of C. gariepinus eggs to formalin, the higher the hatching time. Survival of fry was highest in the group that has been exposed to 0.4mg/1 and exposure period of l0min. At the highest concentration (1.0mg/l) and exposure period (20min), the survival was lower by 55.5%. Based on this study, the optimum concentration of formalin was O.4mg/l and exposure period of l0min. for the removal of egg adhesiveness, increase hatching and improved survival success of C. gariepinus.
    Description: Includes:- 4 figs.;10 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Akure ; freshwater environment ; Preservatives ; Anticoagulants ; Coagulants ; Dispersants ; Fish culture
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  • 14
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    Body-weight variations in four week old Clarias gariepinus (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23371 | 19325 | 2018-04-10 16:06:58 | 23371 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The variation in size and weight of fry and fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus has been a major factor affecting the success of hatchery production of the species. It encourages cannibalism, thus reducing the overall survival. The disparity in weight and population was assessed to determine the necessity of sorting as a reliable method of controlling size disparity and mortality in hatchery production. Two-week-old fry with average weight of 15mg and length range of 0.8-0.9cm were randomly sampled and stocked at 200 fry/litre in 30 litre circular tanks. The fish were fed for four weeks on 45% crude protein diet, ad libitum. At the end of four weeks, there were three groups; large, medium and small with mean weight of 4.02g, 1.24g and 0.17g, respectively. The cumulative mean weight was 1.8g, population ratio was 1:8:10 for large, medium and small, respectively.
    Description: Includes:- 1 fig.;10 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; freshwater environment ; Fingerlings ; Fry ; Weight ; Survival ; Induced breeding
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  • 15
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    Citric acid as preservative in smoked catfish (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23387 | 19325 | 2018-04-10 16:52:57 | 23387 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: This study was carried out to assess microbial quality of smoked catfish (Clarias gariepinus) treated with citric acid during 5-week storage at room temperature. Raw catfish were subjected to the following treatments for 5 minutes prior to smoking: 1-5% citric acid. The non-treated catfish served as control. The control samples showed diverse and high microbial load. All treated smoked sample were negative for E. coli and Streptococcus sp. and low in their TVC, coliform, staphylococcus and fungi and maintained these low count till the end of the 5th week storage. Treatment with 5% gave the best result but I and 2% citric acid are prefered by the consumers. Treatment with 2% was recommended as an acceptable concentration in preserving smoked catfish due to its effectiveness and acceptance by the consumers.
    Description: Includes:-2 tables.;1 fig.;14 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; New Bussa ; freshwater environment ; Preservatives ; Processed fishery products ; Cured products
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  • 16
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    Utilization and growth response of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed varying inclusion levels of livestock vitamin grower´s premix (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23365 | 19325 | 2018-04-08 18:04:12 | 23365 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: A 70 day experiment was conducted to determine the correct level of inclusion of livestock vitamin premix in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings and to monitor the utilization efficiency and growth performance of the test fish. 180 fngerlings of C. gariepinus were randomly distributed to six treatments, each weighing 0.76 ~c 0.05g. Thirty fingerlings per treatment were used. Each treatment had varying levels of livestock vitamin premix except the control that had no additional vitamin premix. Weighings of fish were done weekly and feed adjusted accordingly. The data collected were subjected statistically to descriptive and analysis of variance. All the treatments were significantly different from each other and also from the control at (P 〈 0.05). The highest mean weight gain was recorded in treatment 5 (0.910) which had 2% premix inclusion. The carcass analysis showed Ts with the highest crude protein level (64.43%). The highest daily and weekly mean weight gain were recorded in treatment 5; O.013g and 0.130g respectively. The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was lowest in T1, (2.147). The FCR for T5 (2.535) was insignificantly different (P 〈 0.05) from T1,. The fish feed control had the best FCR. T5 had the best utilization and growth performance when the average weight gain and the carcass crude protein composition and energy were compared. The fat deposited in fingerlings fed T5 were moderately (5.63) lower than treatment 6 with 5.86. It can be concluded that the fish fed treatment 5 will be less fatty than fish fed treatment 6 but more fatty than the fish fed the controls.
    Description: Includes:- 5 tables.;12 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; freshwater environment ; Feeding experiments ; Feed composition ; Feed preparation ; Fish culture ; Vitamins
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  • 17
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    Effects of salinity on larval dimension of Tilapia guineensis (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23422 | 19325 | 2018-04-25 19:24:46 | 23422 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Tilapia guineensis eggs were spawned and hatched in different salinities (17, 12, 7, 5, 2 and 0) ppt. The study was conducted in eight replicates. The aim of the investigation was to ascertain disparity in hatching size of Tilapia guineensis attributable to salinity. Immediately hatching was observed, body weight of five hatchlings in each replicate was individually weighed in milligramme. The individual total length of the five hatchlings was also measured in millimeter. The height of the yolk sac larva was determined with micro-metre screw gauge graduated in millimeter from the top of the yolk sac to the dorsal region of the larva. Data obtained were used to calculate yolk sac volume. Significant differences (P〈0.01) were observed in body weight and total length of larvae hatched in different salinities. The heaviest and longest larvae were hatched in 12 ppt saline water. The yolk sac volume of larvae hatched in lower salinities were significantly higher (P〈0.01) than the yolk sac volume of larvae hatched in higher salinities. The smallest yolk sac volume was recorded in 12ppt saline water. Our findings show that salinity could be manipulated for economic production of heavier seeds of Tilapia.
    Description: Includes:- 5 tables.;6 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Tilapia guineensis ; Nigeria ; brackishwater environment ; Salinity effects ; Larvae
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  • 18
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    Potentials of poultry offals in African catfish diets (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23407 | 19325 | 2018-04-12 09:00:06 | 23407 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: A 70-day feeding trial was conducted to test the effect of partial replacement of fishmeal by poultry offal in African catfish Clarias gariepinus diets. Four isonitrogenous ration containing various levels (0%, control), 30%, 60% and 90% of poultry offal were fed to three replicate groups of C.gariepinus fingerlings with a mean initial weight of 0.74~c 0.15 g. 10 fish/plastic bowl were tested in 15 I capacity plastic bowl. Mean weight gain of the fingerlings fed the control were higher (2.43~c 0.12g) compared to fish fed 30%, 60% and 90% poultry offal inclusion of Hsh meal (1.99~c 0.08g, 1.84~c0.06g and 1.14~c 0.20g, respectively), but there was no significance difference (P~〈 0.05) in weight gain of fish. There was no significant variation in feed conversion ratios which varied between 0.46~c 0.12 and 0.53~c 0.20 for the control and 90% poultry offal respectively, obtained among the groups. Similarly, specific growth rate and protein efficiency ratio decreased as the level of poultry offal increased in the diet. It was concluded that the replacement of fish meal with chicken offal meal diet at 30% level will enhance growth performance of Clarias gariepinus
    Description: Includes:-4 tables.;9 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Ibadan ; freshwater environment ; Feeding experiments ; Experimental culture ; Feed preparation ; Nutritional requirements ; Fish culture
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  • 19
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    Effects of length of delay after slaughter (Lodas) on raw catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23418 | 19325 | 2018-04-25 19:17:12 | 23418 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The effect of delay after slaughter on microbial quality, proximate composition and sensory scores of raw catfish, Clarias gariepinus was evaluated. A total of 52 live catfish (average weight 700.0~c7.0g) were used for the experiment. Ten freshly slaughtered fish samples each were selected for organoleptic assessment at 0, 4, 8 and 12 hours post-slaughter, while three fish samples each were selected for chemical and microbial analyses. Microbial load on fish samples increased significantly (P〈 0.05) with increase in length of delay after slaughter, LODAS. Bacteria isolated included Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus spp and Staphylococcus aureus. Percent protein and ash contents of fish samples increased with increasing LODAS, while moisture content decreased and lipid was not affected. It was observed that raw C. gariepinus retained most of its physical attributes up to 4 hours post-slaughter. These quality attributes except colour and odour of gills, deteriorated significantly (P 〈 0.05) at every successive four-hour post-slaughter interval. Significant negative correlation existed between LODAS and sensory quality of raw fish (eyes, r = -0.966, P 〈 0.05; gills, r = -0.980, P 〈 0.05; skin, r = -0.998, P 〈 0.01; and odour, r = -0.994, P 〈 0.01). This study established that quality of raw C. gariepinus deteriorated with increasing LODAS and that raw C. gariepinus was not totally unacceptable when delayed for 12 hours after slaughter at ambient temperatures.
    Description: Includes:- 5 tables.;17 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Lagos ; Proximate composition ; freshwater environment ; Organoleptic properties ; Fish spoilage ; Microbiological analysis ; Microbial contamination
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  • 20
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    The use of hapa as an improved system for culturing of Clarias gariepinus fry (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24176 | 19325 | 2018-05-13 18:59:45 | 24176 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Fry management in aerated and non aerated aquarium and hapa system were determined in Fish Hatchery of Faculty of Agriculture, Shabu Lafia to assess condition factor, percentage survival rate, total body length and percentage weight gain. 200 hatchlings of Clarias.gariepinus fry were put into a 35 x 30 x 15cm aquarium with aerator and without aerator; hapa with aerator and hapa without aerator in 3 replicates. The hapas were made of brown colour plankton net. The fry were fed with 5% of their body weight with Artemia shell free four times daily for the period of sixteen days. Temperature(27.45 ~c 0.05~'C), pH (7.56 ~c 0.03); Dissolved oxygen (8.20 ~c 0.03 mg/L), total alkalinity (l5.36~c 0.03 mg/L) and Free carbon dioxide (4.30 ~c 0.03 mg/L) monitored in each of water quality parameter of the various treatments was not significantly different from each other. The Percentage weight gain (1117 and 1067), percentage survival rate (92.83 and 91.33), total body length(l.07 and 1.07cm) and condition factor (11.99 and 11.44) of C. gariepinus fry in hapa system (aerated and non aerated respectively) are significantly(p〈0.05) higher than those of aquarium in the study although they are not significantly different (P〉0.05) from each other. The use of hapa as an improved system for mass production of C. gariepinus fry is highly recommendable in the large body of water.
    Description: Includes: 1 table and 4 figure.;Also include: 7 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Nasarawa State ; Aquarium ; Aerator ; Fry ; Hatchlings ; Hapa ; Hapa ; freshwater environment ; Fish culture ; Freshwater fish ; Fry ; Hatcheries ; Condition factor ; Survival ; Length-weight relationships ; Aquaculture techniques ; Comparative studies ; Cage culture
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  • 21
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    Effect of zinc on the distribution of major cations and anions in the muscle of the fresh water catfish Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) collected from Ebonyi River, South East Nigeria (2021)
    Lagos (Nigeria) | FISON
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24214 | 19325 | 2018-05-19 06:50:34 | 24214 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The effect of zinc exposure evaluated during a four day exposure periods at 13.88ppm, 26.75ppm, 53.5ppm,107ppm and 214ppm to Clarias gariepinus sub-adults showed the 96h LC50 as 26.62ppm. The threshold value was 20.30ppm. The muscle of the exposed fish analyzed showed a significant decrease in all the major cations and anions (Na+, CL-, Ca2+ K+, Mg2+) at (p〈0.05). The research revealed that there was no total inhibition of uptake of the cations and anions and also that uptake of these metals, that is cations and anions (Na+,-CL-, Ca2+ K+, Mg2+) increased rapidly during the 24 hours and dropped at 48 hours and 72 hours and gradually increased at the end of 96 hours showing that it was time dependent. During exposure period, affected fish stood in upright position with their snouts above the water surface, gasping for air. Observation of the exposed fish showed that they were peeling of skin, increase in opercula movement, erratic swimming, quietness and finally death. This research therefore recommends that zinc should be applied appropriately at 26.30ppm to avoid death of fish, man and other aquatic organisms that are the chief consumer.
    Description: Includes: 13 references.
    Keywords: Pollution ; Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Ebonyi State ; Ebonyi River ; Zinc ; Muscle ; Cations ; Anions ; Clarias gariepinus ; Zinc ; Freshwater fish ; Cations ; Pollution effects ; Trace metals ; Bioaccumulation ; Muscles ; Pollutants ; Anions ; River fisheries ; Lethal limits
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  • 22
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    Toxicity of unripe Ackee apple (Blighiasapida) fruit extract on Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24201 | 19325 | 2018-05-16 15:24:45 | 24201 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The study was conducted to determine the toxicity of unripe Ackee apple (Blighiasapida) fruit extract on catfish, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings using the 96-hour bioassay under laboratory condition. The LC50 was determined graphically as 3.00ppt. Mean mortality was 0, 40, 50, 70 and 80% in the concentrations of 0, 3.33, 3.47,3.60 and 3.73ppt. Statistical analysis of the results showed that there were significant differences (P〈0.05) on the effect of concentration. Mortality increased with increase in concentration of toxicant and duration of exposure. Clarias gariepinus showed erratic swimming pattern, loss of reflex which increased with increase in concentration. Histopathological changes were revealed in the gills, skin and heart of the fish. The gill structure was altered and there were moderate mucosal erosion. There were several lymphoid aggregations with fibrous connective tissue at the dermal and epidermal areas in the skin. The heart myofibre were diffusely disintegrated with edema between bundles.
    Description: Includes: 1 table and 7 plates.;Also includes: 8 references.
    Keywords: Health ; Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Ado-Ekiti ; Fruit Extract ; freshwater environment ; Toxicity ; Artificial feeding ; Food composition ; Chemical composition ; Histopathology ; Freshwater fish ; Fingerlings ; Toxicants ; Mortality ; Fish culture ; Controlled conditions ; Lethal limits
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  • 23
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    Assessment of some heavy metals pollution in Clarias gariepinus in the vicinity of Lake Chad, Nigerian sector, using energy dispersive X-ray fluorescence (EDXRF) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24243 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 05:39:07 | 24243 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Globally, aquatic ecosystems are highly polluted with heavy metals from anthropogenic and terrigenous sources. The objectives of this study, is to portray the use of EDXRF for the analysis of heavy metal pollution in Clarias gariepinus. C. gariepinus were collected from Dumba, Lake Chad, Nigerian sector and analyzed with EDXRF with 〈sup〉109〈/sup〉Cd as excitation source of the samples. The concentrations of Cadmium, Chromium, Copper, Manganese, Iron, Lead and Zinc (Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb and Zn) in mg/kg were determined in C. gariepinus and were compared with World Health Organization (WHO, 1985) and Federal Environmental Protection Agency (FEPA, 2003) to ascertain the level of Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Fe, Pb and Zn in C. gariepinus from Dumba. The results indicated that C. gariepinus is polluted with Cr, Cu, Mn, and Pb when compared with permissible limit of WHO, 1985 and FEPA, 2003. Therefore, the consumption of C. gariepinus from Dumba may pose a health risk.
    Description: Includes: 12 references.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pollution ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Borno ; Chad L. ; freshwater environment ; Heavy metals ; Pollutants ; Freshwater fish ; X-ray fluorescence analysis ; Standards ; Acceptability ; Pollution effects ; Cadmium ; Chromium ; Copper ; Manganese ; Iron ; Lead ; Zinc
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  • 24
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    Gender and age blood parameters references in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) cultured in earthen ponds during dry season in Ibadan metropolis, Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24580 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 06:01:18 | 24580 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Blood analysis is important in fish health investigation and may be influenced by intrinsic and extrinsic factors. However difficulties exist in the use of blood analysis in the investigation of fish health due to the paucity of species specific, gender and age based reliable references. The current study therefore aims to determine some blood parameters in order to provide reliable references for dry season of the normal condition values of C. gariepinus, a widely cultured fish in Nigeria. This study involved random sampling of 900 C. gariepinus aged 4, 5 and 6 months from earthen pond for three years. Data obtained for blood parameters using standard method were analyzed using descriptive statistic, students'-test, one-way ANOVA level of significant set at p ~,0.05. Results showed the female had significantly (p ~,0.001) higher values than the males for each age bracket and the values increased sig nificantly (p 0~,.05) with increased in PCV. hemoglobin, RBC, WBC, total protein, potassium, sodium, Creatinine, ALT, AST and glucose. The females and males values at 4, 5 and 6 months old were PCV (32.14 ~c 0.19% vs 26.72 ~c 1.l2; 36.45 ~c 1.39% vs 32.33 ~c 1.46%; 40.83 ~c 0. 73% vs 35.01 ~c 0.08%.), total protein (3.98 ~c 0.16g/l vs 3.49 ~c 0.18g/l; 4.45 ~c 0.10g/l vs 4.33 ~c 0.04g/l). Lymphocytes, neutrophils, mono cytes and ESR values showed no stable trend in gender differences with increased age. In both the females and the males, lymphocytes decreased significantly (p ~,0.05) while neutrophils and monocytes increased significantly (p~,0.05) with increased age. ESR decreased significantly (P~, 0.05) in the males and non-significantly in the females with increase in age. It is hoped that these values obtained would serve as a reliable reference to enhance an appropriate intervention in the culture of C. gariepinus aged 4. 5 and 6 months in earthen pond which may be extrapolated for use in other culture systems.
    Description: Includes: 48 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Clarias gariepinus ; Gender ; Blood parameters ; Earthen pond ; Culture ; freshwater environment ; automation
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  • 25
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    Physico-chemical parameters of fish ponds as it affects fish production in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24590 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 16:05:58 | 24590 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The water analysis of five selected ponds in Ado-Ekiti in Ekiti State, was carried out to determine their suitability for fish culture. Pa rameters analyzed were: Temperature, Turbidity, Carbon (IV) oxide, Alkalinity, Hardness, pH and Dissolved oxygen. Values for temperature ranged between 20.0~'C and 29.0~'C, Turbidity values were between 46.0-50.2cm, Carbon (IV) oxide: 11.5-12.2mg/litre; alkalinity: 100-120mg/liter; hardness: 110-200mg/litre; pH: 6.8-7.8 and dissolved oxygen: 5.8-6.8mg/liter. The values obtained were found to be within acceptable range for fish production.
    Description: Includes: 10 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Nigeria ; Physico-chemical parameter ; Fish pond ; Ado-Ekiti ; Fish production ; freshwater environment ; automation
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  • 26
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    Prevalence of parasites in the gut lumen of farmed catfish Clarias gariepinus in Lagos and Ogun States (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24595 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 16:10:53 | 24595 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: A cross-sectional study was conducted in four (4) different production systems in Lagos and Ogun States of South Western Nigeria beetween December,2012 and May 2013 to determine the effect of Culture systems and management practices on prevalence of parasites in the gut of farmed catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Information on pond type, water source, feeding practices and general pond management were also gathered through administration of fish disease sample collection from Water for the examination of physicochemical parameters, was collected from 40 fish ponds comprising earthen, concrete, water recirculatory and poorly managed systems across the two (2) States. Temperature, pH and ammonia were monitored using the recommended range by FAO as standard. Also 160 live farmed catfish, 80 from each state, 20 from five different ponds of each system with a minimum of 4 live fish per system was collected, dissected and examined under the microscope for parasite load of the gut of C. gariepinus. The earthen, concrete and water recirculatory systems had good management practices compared to the poorly managed systems. The observed water physicochemical parameters in ponds with good management were within normal range. Five groups of parasites were observed; Protozoa (Eimeria spp), Cestodes (Bothriocephalus spp., Diphyllodium spp), Monogea (Enterogyrus spp), and copepods (Argasilus spp) and Nematodes (Procamallanus spp). Analysis of variance between location and System showed level of no significance (p〈 0.05). The interaction effect of location (State) and production system on parasite load of C. gariepinus also was not significant (p〉0.05). However interaction hetween Ogun and poorly managed system has the highest number of parasites (11.5), followed by Lagos (7.0). The systems with good management practice had low number of parasites with water recirculatory system recording the least number of parasites (0.5). Analysis of association between temperature, ammonia, and pH in all the cultured systems showed a significant level of correlation (p〈0.05). In this study, poorly managed systems especially where farmed fish received water directly from rivers and streams predispose fish to parasite infection of the gut. Good water quality management and proper fish husbandry techniques will eliminate most parasitic infection and improve on fish production.
    Description: Includes: 11 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Parasite ; Water recirculatory system ; C. gariepinus ; freshwater environment ; automation
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  • 27
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    Effect of feeding frequency on growth and survival rate of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings reared in plastic bowls (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24586 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 16:00:00 | 24586 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The effects of feeding frequency on feed intake, growth and survival rates were determined in C. gariepinus. Twenty fish per tank (bowl) were stocked in triplicate. They were fed once (1D), thrice (3D) and five times daily (5D) respectively. The 5D group growth rates were observed significantly different (P〈 0.05) from fish fed on 1 (1D) and (3D) feeding frequency. All the treatments containing 1D, 3D and 5D were observed to have significant difference (P〉 0.05) in terms of final weight (FW). There was also a noticeable increased trend in final weight (5D 〉 3D 〉 7D). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) of 3D and 5D treatments were higher than 1 D) treatment (P〈 0.05). According to the results, feeding C. gariepinus 1 time daily (1D) did not influence the growth; however, 5 times daily reduced mortality and improved the feed conversion ratio (FCR) of C. gariepinus.
    Description: Includes: 9 references〉
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Feeding frequency ; Feed convertion ratio ; Growth ; Survival rate ; freshwater environment ; automation
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  • 28
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    Efficiency of different traps for silver catfish fishery and its aquaculture implications in the face of climate change (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24601 | 19325 | 2018-05-21 12:17:22 | 24601 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Climate change has the potential to severely impact coastal and inland environments and ecosystems, and by extension fisheries and aquaculture. Coastal regions of the world are already experiencing flooding due to rise in sea level. In recent times, salinization of coastal areas due to flooding from storm surges and high tidal influence has been observed. Aquaculture is a fast growing agri-business venture in Nigeria presently and many coastal communities derive their livelihood from it. The culture of freshwater fish species that are very sensitive to high salinity may be threatened leading to mortality of stocked fish and loss of livelihood for coastal population. Consequently, there is urgent need for development and domestication of the Silver catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus that can tolerate higher salinity more than Mudcatfish (Clarias gariepinus). This will help mitigate the impact of salinization of coastal areas arising from sea water flooding on culture of fresh water fish species.
    Description: Includes: 17 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Pollution ; Fisheries ; Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Climate change ; Silver catfish ; Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Effect of sublethal concentrations of formalin on the growth of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24611 | 19325 | 2018-05-22 05:58:34 | 24611 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Fingerlings of Ciarias gariepinus were exposed to various sublethal concentrations (10.0, 20.0, 30.0. 40.0, 50.0 and 60.0 ~KL/L) formalin and the concentration of 0.0 ~KL/L formalin served as the control. The toxicant led to depressed weight gain in the fish. Severity of this depression was directly proportional to the toxicant concentrations. However, there was no difference (p〉0.05) in weight gain in test fish of various concentrations. Restlessness, loss of balance, erratic swimming behavior, respiratory distress, vertical movement and death, were observed in test media especially in the concentrations 60.0 and 50.0~Kl/L of formalin. Such observation were not recorded in the control tanks.
    Description: Includes: 9 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Pollution ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Clarias gariepinus ; Formalin ; Concentration ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Effects of sub-lethal concentrations of glyphosate on behaviour and some biochemical parameters of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24614 | 19325 | 2018-05-24 09:35:20 | 24614 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The sub-lethal effect of glyphosate on behavior and some biochemical parameters of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus were investigated using static renewal bioassays and continuous aeration for a period of 28 days using varying concentrations (100ppm, 200ppm, 300ppm, 400ppm and 500ppm). During the exposure period, the fish showed different abnormal behaviours such as restlessness, loss of balance, respiratory distress, grouping together, darting movements, loss of equilibrium, mucous secretion and erratic swimming. At the end of the experiments, the fish were sacrificed and the blood samples were collected. The gill and liver of the fish were removed from biochemical bioassay. Compared with the control, the result showed a significant increase (P〈0.05) in the activities of alanine amino transferase (ALT), and aspartate amino transferase (AST), in both the blood and the gill of exposed fish except in liver where it showed a significant reduction. However the values of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), showed significant increase in the blood with a noticeable decrease in both the gill and liver of exposed fish. The study showed that sub-lethal concentratiom of glyphosate are harmful to Clarias gariepinus. This study shows that sub-lethal concentrations of glyphosate is harmful to Claria gariepinus. The implication of these results in rational exploitation and conservation of fishery resources and the public health risk consuming glyphosate-exposed to fish are highlighted.
    Description: Includes: 22 references.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pollution ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Glyphosate ; sub-lethal ; Biochemical ; Conservation ; Public health ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Effects of spices on the chemical properties of hot-smoked catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24673 | 19325 | 2018-05-24 09:33:52 | 24673 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Effect of spices on the chemical properties of hot-smoked catfish (C.gariepinus) was examined. The experimental design was complete randomized design (CRD) with the treatments been the variously spiced hot-smoked catfish (garlic, ginger, garlic-ginger homogenate spiced and the control without spices). Proximate and mineral content analyses were carried out using standard experimental procedures. There exist significant differences (p〈0.05) in the percentage moisture and crude protein content with smoked catfish without spices having the highest moisture content with mean value 6.18 ~c 0.13 and 79.44 ~c 0.13 respectively which could be as a result of the increase in the fibre content of the spiced fish products which is a function of fibre content of the spices applied to the fish products. Similar trend was also observed for the lipid and ash contents the fish products. There exist significant differences (p〈0.05) in the mineral content preseent in the various fish products with the exception of magnesium. The products are rich in calcium and other minerals with garlic-ginger homogenate spiced product having the highest level of calcium (0.980 ~c 0.02).
    Description: Includes: 25 references.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Spices ; Organoleptic properties ; Chemical properties ; Hot-smoked ; C. gariepinus ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed diets with graded levels of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) used as a floater additive in concrete tanks (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24159 | 19325 | 2018-05-13 13:04:38 | 24159 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Completely randomized design with duplicate groups were used to study the growth performance of 400 fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus in 2m x 2m x 1m concrete tanks in an out-door hatchery complex of National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research (NIFFR), New Bussa, Niger State, Nigeria. Graded levels (0, 1,2,3 or 4) % of yeast (Saccharomyces cerevisiae) was included into a 40% crude protein (C.P) NIFFR floating basal diet and fed to Clarias gariepinus in tanks for 16 weeks and 35% in the last 4 weeks. This was to determine the optimum level of supplemental yeast inclusion as a floater additive into diets of C. gariepinus and to quantify feed and its cost for raising a kilogram of the fish fed diets. The experiment was geared towards development of cost effective standard floating feed for Clarias gariepinus. There was no significant difference in weight gain (WG), feed consumed (FC), specific growth rate (SGR), survival, cost of feed consumed (CFC) and palatability test of flesh (P〉0.05) except FCR (P〈0.05) and feed cost per kilogram of fish (P〈0.05) at the end of 8 and 20 weeks. There was no histopathological defect observed on the fish and fish carcass. It was concluded that 2% or 1 % level of yeast can be included in NIFFR floating feed with the assurance of producing a kilogram of C. gariepinus with a feed of N300.00 under good management practices based on ingredient ruling price at the time of this study and this might be capable of increasing farmer's income in fish production.
    Description: Includes: 1 table and 2 figures.;Also includes: 21 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Niger ; Yeast ; Floating additives ; Performance ; Clarias gariepinus ; freshwater environment ; Growth rate ; Freshwater fish ; Fingerlings ; Artificial feeding ; Feeding experiments ; Feed ; Yeasts ; Additives ; Culture tanks ; Cost analysis ; Performance assessment ; Fish culture
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    Growth performance and nutrient utilization of post fingerlings Clarias gariepinus fed varied levels of biscuit waste (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24162 | 19325 | 2018-05-13 13:15:18 | 24162 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: A feeding trial was conducted to determine the effect of biscuit waste meal on the growth performance and utilization of Clarias gariepinus juveniles. A total of 300 juveniles of average weight 8.85g were randomly divided into 5 Treatments, each with three replicates. Twenty juveniles were distributed into fifteen happas (0.7m3) and each happa was suspended to 3/4 of its volume using kuralon ropes carefully tied round the bamboo poles across the concrete tanks. Five diets containing 40% crude protein were formulated in which maize was replaced with biscuit waste meal at Treatment diet 1 (TD1) 0%, 25% (TD2), 50% (TD3), 75% (TD4), 100% (TD5) levels.The juveniles were fed at 3% body weight per day for 10 weeks. It was recorded at the end of the experiment that biscuit waste was most suitable as an energy supplement when incorporated at 25% replacement (TD2) with maize. TD1 had the highest weight gain followed by TD2, TD3, TD4 and TD5 respectively. There were no significant differences (P〉0.05) in the growth response in TD1 (0%), T0D (25%) and TD3 (50%). It is therefore concluded that biscuit waste meal is a cheap source of non conventional energy source which can be used favorably to replace maize (25% inclusion level) as an energy source in the diets of Clarias gariepinus.
    Description: Includes: 7 tables.;Also includes: 15 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Abeokuta ; Treatment ; Biscuit waste ; Net hapa ; Juvenile ; Crude protein ; freshwater environment ; Growth rate ; Nutrition ; Freshwater fish ; Fingerlings ; Diets ; Wastes ; Feed ; Feeding experiments ; Fish culture
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    The effects of dichlorvos (2, 2 - dichlorovinyl phosphate (DDVP)) induced stress on the growth of fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24165 | 19325 | 2018-05-13 13:30:18 | 24165 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This study was conducted to determine the effects of dichlorvos ~9 2, 2 - dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP)~0 on the growth of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. The experiment was conducted in two phases: the first phase involved the exposure of the fish to different concentrations ~9 0.00 (control), 0.4ppm, 0.5ppm, 0.6ppm, 0.7ppm, 0.8ppm, 0.9ppm, 1.0ppm, 1.1 ppm and 1.2ppm~0 of dichlorvos for four days. The second phase was a recovery process in which the fish that survived from the first phase were introduced into clean, dechlorinated, toxicant-free water and were fed at 3% of their body weight for 12 weeks. The change in weight was measured every fortnight and the feed fed was adjusted to accommodate the change in weight. The highest values for weight gain, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate and average daily weight gain occurred in the control and these values were significantly (p〈0.05) higher than the values of these parameters recorded in the other treatments. The range of values of weight gain, percentage weight gain, specific growth rate and average daily weight gain are 6.76 ~c 3.01-18.45 ~c 8.90g, 69.45 ~c 18.52 - 105.52 ~c 33.67%, 1.54 ~c 0.33 - 2.08 ~c 0.46%/day and 0.48 ~c 0.21 - 1.21 ~c 0.65g respectively. Based on the results of this study, the exposure of fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus to dichlorvos ~9 2, 2- dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (DDVP)~0 affected the growth of the fish. Therefore, the use of dichlorvos on stored grains should be regulated because uncontrolled usage could cause mortality and impairment of growth in fish if the pesticide gets washed into water bodies inhabited by fish.
    Description: Includes: 1 table.;Also includes: 9 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Pollution ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Lagos State ; Toxicity ; Pesticide ; Clarias gariepinus ; Growth performance ; freshwater environment ; Freshwater fish ; Fingerlings ; Toxicants ; Pesticides ; Toxicity ; Bioaccumulation ; Feeding ; Growth rate ; Pollution effects
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    Acute toxicity of 2, 3-dichlorovinyl dimethyl phosphate (Sniper 1000EC) and response of Clarias gariepinus Burchell under laboratory conditions (2021)
    Lagos (Nigeria) | FISON
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24215 | 19325 | 2018-05-19 06:53:11 | 24215 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The study investigated the acute toxicity of 2, 3-dicholrovinyl dimethyl phosphate (Sniper 1000EC) on the African mud catfish, Clarias gariepinus juveniles (mean weight 19.47 ~c 1.05g) using static bioassay method. Sniper 1000EC is an organophosphate pesticide. Each treatment in the acute test was in triplicate with bioassay media concentration of 0,5, 10, 15 and 20 mg/l. Data on mortalities of fish, water physic-chemical parameters as well as changes in haematological indices were subjected to one way analysis of variance (ANOVA) at 5% probability level. Duncan multiple range test was used to separate differences between the means. The 96hr LC50 estimated by probit analysis during the exposure was found to be 8.20mg/l. Behavioural abnormalities of the exposed fish included erratic and uncoordinated swimming and bleached skin with lesion at the highest concentration (20mg/l). Blood dyscrasias attributable to the toxicant was observed with a significant (p〈0.05) decrease in haemoglobin, haematocrit, red blood cells, white blood cells, lymphocytes and monocytes. Mean corpuscular volume (MCV), Mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH), neutrophils, eosinophil and basophil increased significantly (p〈0.05) with increasing concentrations of the toxicant. These abnormalities in body and blood parameters as a result of exposure to the toxicant make the study to recommend that the use of Sniper 1000EC by local fishermen be banned to preserve aquatic lives in Nigerian inland water bodies.
    Description: Includes: 22 references.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pollution ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Niger State ; Sniper 1000EC ; Clarias gariepinus ; Toxicity ; Haematological indeces ; freshwater environment ; Toxicity ; Phosphate deposits ; Response analysis ; Freshwater fish ; Juveniles ; Bioassays ; Toxicity tests ; Physicochemical properties ; Controlled conditions ; Haematology ; Pollution monitoring
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    Haematological changes of Clarias gariepinus juveniles fed different dietary lipid (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24234 | 19325 | 2018-05-19 07:29:20 | 24234 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Twelve weeks feeding trial was conducted to determine the effects of different dietary lipid sources on the hematological changes in Clarias gariepinus juveniles. Six (6) iso-nitroginous diets were formulated at 45% CP and fed to triplicate groups of 15 juveniles. The feed contained (Palm Seed Oil (PSO), Ugwu Seed (USO), Soya Bean Oil (SBO), Almond Seed Oil (ASO), Mixture Of All the vegetable oil + the fish oil (MOA) and Cod Liver Oil (CLO) which is the control. The oils were added at 5% inclusion level respectively. Fish of mean weight 22.83 ~c 0.30g were fed these experimental diets in triplicate groups. The hematological analyses of fish showed that red blood cell, white blood cell, Erythrocyte sedimentation rate ( ESR), Mean cell volume (MCV), Mean cell Haemoglobin (MCH) and packed cell volume were not significantly different (p〈0.05), but haemoglobin concentration and Mean cell haemologlobin concentration (MCHC) were significantly different (p〉0.05). The present study showed that PSO, USO, ASO, SBO and MOA can effectively replace cod liver oil without compromising the health of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus.
    Description: Includes: 17 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Dietary lipid ; Juveniles ; Haematology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Haematology ; Phase changes ; Freshwater fish ; Juveniles ; Diets ; Lipids ; Feeding ; Feed ; Blood cells ; Fish oils ; Experimental research ; Laboratory culture
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    Effect of Terminalia suparba on fecundity and latency period of Clarias gariepinus broodstocks (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24067 | 19325 | 2018-05-10 10:15:21 | 24067 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This study focused on the assessment of Terminalia suparba (bark, leave and root) based diet to improve the ovulation of Clarias gariepinus brood stocks. Ten female and ten male brood stocks were obtained from a reputable fishfarm in Ogun State, Nigeria and were fed with the diets for four weeks before the breeding exercise. The latency period observed in treatments 1 to 4 was 4hours 30minutes while the ovulation period in treatment 5 was 8 hours. There was no significant different (P〉0.05) among the means. The brood stocks in Treatment 2 (Root) has the highest fecundity count (2001) while those in Treatment 5 (control) has the least fecundity count (1496). The phytochemical analysis of the plant materials showed the presence of Alkaloids, Tannin, Phenol, Glycoside, Flavonoids, Steroids, Phlobatannin, Saponin, Anthraquinones. The physical and chemical parameters of water observed showed that dissolved oxygen value ranges from 3.28 -4.60, pH 6.5 - 8.5, temperature 28.0 - 28.8 and conductivity 8.9 - 9.20. It is therefore concluded that the inclusion of Terminalia suparba in the feed of Clarias gariepinus broodstock will not only improve ovulation but also reduce the latency period.
    Description: Includes: 5 tables;Also includes: 11 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; broodstocks ; Terminalia specie ; Latency ; fecundity ; Clarias gariepinus ; freshwater environment ; Artificial feeding ; Feeding experiments ; Fecundity ; Brood stocks ; Sublimation heat ; Ovulation ; Physicochemical properties ; Fish culture
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    Microbial load on the African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) sold in Markurdi metropolis: a case study of selected markets (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24069 | 19325 | 2018-05-10 10:21:32 | 24069 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The work was carried out using 48 samples of smoke-dried African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Twelve samples each were obtained from high level market, Wadata market, Wurukum Market and North bank market respectively. Different media (SDA, MSA, EMBA, N.A, MCA), gram reaction and biochemical tests were carried out to confirm the presence of the pathogenic bacteria. There was a strong correlation between the bacterial count and water activity of the fish for all bacterial isolates. The micro-organisms isolated were Aspergilus niger, Mucor spp, Salmonella spp, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus which were indications of contamination from surrounding environment.
    Description: Includes: 5 tables and 4 figs.;Also includes: 16 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Health ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; African catfish ; Bacterial load ; Makurdi ; Mycoflora ; Smoke-dried fish ; freshwater environment ; Microorganisms ; Cured products ; Fish ; Pathogens ; Biochemical analysis ; Processing fishery products ; Storage life
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    Comparative assessment of fermented maize broth and cassava waste water on the growth performance of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fry (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24078 | 19325 | 2018-05-12 14:08:28 | 24078 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The study was conducted to evaluate and compare the growth performance of catfish fry on fermented maize broth and cassava waste water. Four day old fry (weight range 0.002 - 0.003g) of C. gariepinus were acclimatized in 10 litres glass tank of water for 5 days in Aquaculture Department of Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Victoria Island, Lagos. Shell free artemia was mixed with Fermented Maize Both (FMB), Fermented Cassava Waste water (FWC) and bore hole water (control) respectively. The artemia mixtures were allowed to air-dry before administration. The treatments were produced in triplicates, feeding, ad-libitium for 30 days. The fry were fed with the treated shell free artemia and weighed every 6 days. The results revealed that fry fed fermented cassava waste water [FCW] diet showed highest mean weight, daily growth rate [DGR], survival rate and specific growth rate [SGR] and lowest food conversion ratio (FCR). This was followed by fermented maize broth while fish fed artemia mixed with borehole water-had the least growth. The results suggest that addition of fermented cassava waste water to shell free artemia can enhance fish growth in catfish hatchery production.
    Description: Includes: 1 table and 1 figure;Also includes: 13 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Lagos ; Growth performance ; Fermented cassava waste water (FCW) ; Maize broth (FMB) ; freshwater environment ; Feeding experiments ; Fish culture ; Growth rate ; Fish ; Fry ; Feed ; Nutrients (mineral) ; Waste water ; Comparative studies ; Fermentation ; Length-weight relationships
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    The induction of triploidy by cold shock in African giant catfish Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822 (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24085 | 19325 | 2018-05-12 14:21:06 | 24085 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Application of genetic manipulation techniques on cultured fish have been employed in developed economies to increase food fish yield. In this study, a simple and safe biotechnology genetic manipulation technique was applied to produce triploid African giant catfish (Clarias gariepiirus Burchell 1822) larvae .Eggs numbering 100~c10 in quadruplicates from C. gariepinus were activated by milt from the same species and were subsequently transferred to a thermoregulated refrigerator maintained at 2degreesC for 20 min to suppress cell division, starting at 4 min after activation. Haploid larvae were produced by activating eggs with UV irradiated milt at 30000 uWcm-2 for 15 min. Fertility, hatchability and survival after one week for triploids were 82.5%, 69.8% and 61.3% against haploid and diploid controls, 100%, 15%, 0% and 100%,93%, 91 % (p 〈 0.05) respectively. Ploidy levels of the embryos cytogenetically were evaluated in day-old posthatched embryos incubated in 0.02% colchicine for 2-4 h. Head and yolk sac were discarded in 0.9% NaCl while remaining fragments were later treated with hypotonic solutions of distilled water for 5 min, and subsequently with diluted catfish serum 1: 4 for 25 min. Cells were fixed with 1:3 acetic acid ethanol mixture. Slide with the chromosome spreads were then stained with 20% Giemsa in phosphate buffered solution. Chromosome numbers obtained were 28~c2, 56~c2, and 75~c2 for haploid control, diploid control and triploid treatments respectively. Using a simple biotechnology technique as above, triploid C. gariepinus larvae were produced in the present study. The potential application on food fish security of triploid catfish in aquaculture especially in Nigeria is discussed.
    Description: Includes: 1 table and 1 plate.;Also includes: 20 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Biotechnology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Chromosomes ; Aquaculture ; freshwater environment ; Genetics ; Cultured organisms ; Food fish ; Yield ; Biotechnology ; Fertility ; Hatching ; Sustainable development ; Aquaculture ; Aquaculture development ; Appropriate technology
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    Proximate composition and sensory analysis of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) harvested from different sources in Ondo State, Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24088 | 19325 | 2018-05-12 14:29:17 | 24088 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Proximate composition and sensory evaluation of Africa catfish Clarias gariepinus harvested from earthen ponds, reservoir system, tank flow - through system and Flow Rivers were determined. Chemical assessment was based on the method of analysis of the Association of Official Analysis (AOAC). The samples collected shows moisture content 71.71~c1.65%, 74.20~c1.39, 73.60~c2.3% and 72.29~c68% from earthen ponds, reservoirs, and tank flow- through system and rivers respectively. The crude protein 9.77~c2.66%, 20.99~c0.68, 19.80~c0.53% and 18.84~c1.00% from earthen ponds, reservoir system, tank flow- through system and rivers respectively. There was no significant difference (p〉0.05) among the means recorded and the locations where the fish samples were collected has no effect on the value of the moisture and the crude protein content of the fish samples when compared. Crude fat contents 5. 68~c0. 81 %, 4.95~c0.38%, 3.85~c0.56% and 1.35~c0. 29%from reservoir system, low through system, earthen ponds, and rivers respectively. Ash content of the fish samples were 1.52~c0.40%, 1.49~c0.40%, 2.23~c0.91 % and 1.47~c0. 60% from earthen ponds, reservoir system, tank flow- through system and rivers respectively. There was a significant difference (p 〈0.05) among the means of the crude fat contents and ash contents. The location where the fish samples were collected influenced the means of the ash content and the crude fat contents. The taste, odour, appearance and texture were the indices for the evaluation. Fish from rivers were most preferred followed by earthen ponds, reservoirs system and tank flow- through system respectively.
    Description: Includes: 4 tables and 1 figure;Also includes: 15 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Ondo State ; Reservoir ; Tank flow-through ; River ; Earthen pond ; freshwater environment ; Aquaculture ; Chemical composition ; Fish ; Sense organs ; Evaluation ; Water content ; Lipids
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    Incidence of parasitic infestation on the skin and gills of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell) reared under different culture systems (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24091 | 19325 | 2018-05-12 14:38:25 | 24091 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: A total of 140 fish samples of Clarias gariepinus comprising of 20 fry from two hatcheries, 60 fingerlings and 60 adults reared under the water recirculating, water flow-through and the earthen pond culture systems, were clinically examined for presence of ecto-parasites on the skin and the gills. The ectoparasitic fauna observed comprises of 3 protozoans including Trichodina sp, Costia sp and Epistilis sp, and 4 metazoans of which 3 are monogenetic trematodes including Gyrodactylus sp, Dactylogyrus sp and Cleidodiscus sp. The fourth metazoan is a leech; Piscicola sp. Infestation due to Trichodina sp and the monogenetic trematodes were observed in all developmental stages of C. gariepinus and under all the culture systems studied. The highest incidence rate of 100% Trichodina sp infestation was observed on both the skin and the gills of the fingerling stage. The highest parasitic load of 10 organisms per field was also observed on the skin of the fingerlings reared in the earthen pond. Infestation due to monogenetic trematodes was observed to be highest (70%) on the skin of fingerlings reared under the water flow through system, while in the earthen pond system, the incidence rate of 60% was observed for both the fingerlings and the adult fish. Costia sp was observed in all the 3 culture, s;ystems, with the highest incidence of 50% and parasitic load of 2. 5 organisms per field recorded on both the fry and the skin of the fingerlings reared in earthen pond. The incidence of Epistilis sp infestation on the gills of catfish fingerlings reared in the water recirculating system was observed to be low (5%), while Piscicola sp infestation was observed only on the skin of adult C. gariepinus at an incidence rate of 35%, but with a high worm burden of 15 organisms per fish. The fingerlings seem to be more susceptible to Trichodina sp and the monogenetic trematodes, especially under the earthen pond culture system. Catfish hatcheries, especially those producing fingerlings in the earthen ponds must ensure adequate and efficient hygiene practices. They may also need to disinfect their stock appropriately at harvest, prior to distribution to farmers to avoid spread of para sites.
    Description: Includes: 6 tables and 6 figures;Also includes: 45 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Heterobranchus longifilis ; Heterobranchus bidorsalis ; Nigeria ; freshwater environment ; Fish ; Parasites ; Infestation ; Skin ; Gills ; Fish culture ; Recirculating systems ; Fish ponds ; Fingerlings
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    Isolation of Coccidia oocyst from catfish (Clarias gariepinus) raised in plastic tanks in Sabon Gari local government area of Kaduna State (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24092 | 19325 | 2018-05-16 14:12:34 | 24092 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This paper reports detection of coccidia oocyst from twenty five Clarias gariepinus raised in plastic tanks in Sabon Gari, LGA in Kaduna State. Using simple floatation technique, oocysts were recovered from the intestinal content and gills of Clarias gariepinus. Oocyst number varied from 9 -15 oocysts per slide viewed at x 10 optical magnification of the microscope with the intestines having the highest occurrence. The fish were anorexic and lethargic and post-mortem examination of the dissected fish revealed little or no abdominal fat, pale gills and haemorrhages in the gastrointestinal tract. Forty- eight percent of the examined fish were positive for oocyst. The oocyst was detected more in fish specimen weighing between 240g-300g (58.3%) and length ranging from 28.3cm-30.3cm (66. 7%). The Fulton's condition factor of the infected fish was lower than the uninfected fish. The findings indicate that intestinal Coccidiosis may pose significant health problems in fish; management practices and biosecurity protocols need to be improved.
    Description: Includes:3 tables and 4 figures;Also includes: 19 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Kaduna State ; Coccidia oocyst ; Catfish ; Clarias gariepinus ; Plastic tanks ; freshwater environment ; Oocytes ; Fish culture ; Fish diseases ; Mortality ; Coccoliths
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    The effects of light and dark exposure on growth response of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings reared in glass aquaria (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24101 | 19325 | 2018-05-16 13:24:18 | 24101 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The study was carried out to determine the effect of light and dark exposures on the growth response of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings. A total of 120 four-week old Clarias gariepinus fingerlings (mean weight 0.52g~c0.02) were stocked into 20 litres of bore-hole water in glass aquarium (60x30x30) cm. Complete light, dark and normal photo periods were the experimental conditions evaluated. Growth indices such as mean weight gain and mean increase in standard lengths were significantly (p〈0. 05) highest in the dark exposure with the following values respectively: (4.19 ~c 0.02g) and (4.11 ~c 0.19cm). Also, percentage survival (82.5%) in the dark exposure was higher than light and control (45% and 70% respectively). Light exposure had higher cannibalism rate (42.5%) than the dark and control (0% and 5 % respectively). Deep shiny black skin colouration was observed among the fingerlings in the dark exposure, while those in the light and control experimental conditions exhibited lighter and normal skin colourations respectively. The experimental conditions were not influenced by the water quality parameters (mean pH: 8~c 0.1 and temp: 28.1 ~c 0.60 ~'C) since their values were within the tolerable limit for fish culture throughout the 42 days experimental period.
    Description: Includes: 4 tables;Also includes: 10 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Maiduguri ; freshwater environment ; Fish ; Growth ; Photoperiodicity ; Experimental culture ; Fingerlings ; Cannibalism ; Survival ; Light attenuation ; Fish culture
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  • 45
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    Utilization effects of substituting maize with graded levels of ripe and unripe banana (Musa sapientum) peels in the diet of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) juveniles (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24102 | 19325 | 2018-05-16 13:27:19 | 24102 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Six diets were produced using graded levels of banana peels (5 %, 10 % and 15 % for both ripe and unripe banana peels) which were compared with the controlled diet containing maize in the diet of C. gariepinus juveniles. Feeds were fed to triplicate groups of ten fish each to satiation twice daily for ten weeks. There were significant differences (p 〈 0.05) in Mean Weight Gain (MWG) and Specific Growth Rate (SGR) amongst the experimental diets. The control diet had the highest MWG (58.40~c 5.27g) and SGR (1.877~c 0.09 %) while the least values of MWG (25.03 g) and SGR (0.35 %) were recorded in Diet 3(15 % unripe banana peels). The Feed conversion ratio, Protein efficiency ratio and Protein intake recorded significant differences (P 〈 0.05) between the control and the experimental diets. Similarly, significant differences (P 〈 0.05) were recorded in Profit Index, Incidence of Cost and Economic Investment Cost Analysis between the control and experimental diets. Histometry analysis of fish organs equality recorded significant differences (P 〈 0.05) between the control and other test diets. Although the Control diet had the best growth performance, it recorded the least profit index (1.87) while Diet 2 (10 % ripe banana) had the highest Profit Index (3.11). Hence, graded levels of plantain peel is a profitable alternative energy source for partial replacement of maize up to 10 % ripe and unripe banana peels in diet of C. gariepinus.
    Description: Includes: 4 tables;Also includes: 22 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Lagos ; freshwater environment ; Fish ; Feeding experiments ; Fish culture ; Nutritional requirements ; Utilization ; Byproducts ; Energy resources ; Nutrients (mineral)
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  • 46
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    Growth performance of wild strains of Clarias gariepinus from Nigerian waters (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24581 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 06:03:14 | 24581 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The catfish (Clarias gariepinus) is the leading aquatic crop in Nigeria. Most of the strains used in aquaculture are suffering from in-breeding depression with its attendant poor egg and sperm quality. There is therefore the need to explore the natural population of the fish to improve performance. This study was carried out to evaluate the growth performance of strains of the catfish across the fresh water systems of Nigeria. Collections were made from the six geopolitical zones namely: North-Central (Kogi), Northeast (Adamawa), Northwest (Kebbi), South-West (Oyo), Southeast (Anambra), South-South (Delta) and domesticated strain obtained from Lagos. The fish were bred in the wet laboratory of the Department of Fish Technology/Biotechnology of the Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research, Lagos and fed for 12 weeks before subjected to growth study. The study involved allocation of 25 juveniles of each strain in lm hapas installed in a 0.4 ha at Badore fish farm, Lagos, Nigeria,fed 3% body weight twice daily while sampling forth-nightly. The results showed that the domesticated strain of C. gariepinus performed significantly better (a=0.05) than the six wild strains studied. This may be attributable to selective breeding which probably had been carried out by the farmers from which the broodstocks were purchased and mixture of the gene pool of improved Dutch strain commonly cultured. There was however no significant variation in the SGR and FCR among the strain. However, the growth study showed that the strain from North-West (Kebbi) did not perform as much as other strains in terms of these growth indices. Hoewever, it had the highest survival (96%). The strains from Oyo and Anambra however showed better growth over the rest strains from the wild. The implication of the breeding potentials of C. geriepinus strains from Kebbi, Oyo and Anambra is that if several selective breeding of these strains are carried out and the gene pool of Kebhi is combined with any of these two, we are likely to obtain fish seed of better growth and survival.
    Description: Includes: 14 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Growth ; Performance ; C. gariepinus ; freshwater environment ; automation
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  • 47
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    Survey of physical characteristics of the upper reaches of new Calabar River, Niger Delta, Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24618 | 19325 | 2018-05-22 06:12:36 | 24618 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: One of the priority research projects of the Nigerian Institute for Oceanography and Marine Research (NIOMR) is broodstock development and mass propagation of silver catfish, Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus of which the broodstock is naturally abundant in New Gala River. Selected physical characteristics and water physico-chemical parameters of the upper reach of the New Calabar River at Aluu were investigated. The highest depth value of 9.20 m was recorded in the middle of the river. The width of the river measured during spring high tide and low tide were 174 m and 110 m respectively. The cross-sectional area and average flow velocity of the river were 797.13 m2 and 0.374 m/s respectively. The discharge of the river was computed as 298.13m3/s. The river water was acidic most of the period (Hydrogen ion concentration, pH: 5.12 to 7.43), with low total alkalinity values (4.00 to 12.00 mgCaCO3/L) and low total hardness values (11.5 to 51.2 mgCaCO3/L) which indicate that the river water is black and soft. There was significant (p~,0.05) seasonal variation in temperature (23.1 to 31.7~'C\}, Secchi transparency (9.30 to 19.00 cm), total hardness (11.5 to 51.2 mgCaCO3/L), dissolved oxygen (5.20 to 7.50 mg/L) and dissolved oxygen deficit (0.02 to 2.95mg/L). These results are useful for several stake holders who use the river as a sink for trade wastes, as source of water for fish farming, as source of broodstocks of Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, as raw water for water treatment plants, and as means of transportation of industrial materials.
    Description: Includes: 16 references.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus ; Nigeria ; New Calabar River ; New calabar River ; Physical characteristics and physico-chemical features ; Seasonal variation ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Physico-chemical parameters in relation to fish production of Dadin Kowa Dam, Gombe State, Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24619 | 19325 | 2018-05-22 06:14:16 | 24619 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Eight month physicochemical study of Dadin Kowa Dam was carried out forthnightly from July, 2011 to february 2012. Air temperature ranged from 18.25~'C ~c 28~'C ~c 0.50 to 28~'C ~c 2.16. Water tmperature ranged from 18.75~'C ~c 2.21. Transparency ranged from 11.00cm ~c 1.83 to 29.63 cm ~c ~c 2.14. Conductivity ranged from 13.00~Ks/cm ~c 13.33 to 41.38~Ks/cm ~c 5.54. Hydrogen ion (pH) ranged from 6.69 ~c 1.03 to 8.39 ~c 1.17. Dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.39mg/l ~c 1.03 to 10.14mg/l ~c 1.17. Total alkalinity ranged from o.69mg/l ~c 0.38 1.34mb/l ~c 0.02. Total ammonia ranged from 0.20mg/l ~c 0.027 to 0.83mg/l ~c 0.05. There were various levels of correlation between these parameters. There was no significant difference between both sites and months (p〉0.05) of all the parameters except total nitrogen which show a significant difference between the sites (p〈0.05) and transparency also shows a significance between the months (p〈0.05). All physicochemical parameters were almost within the tolerable limits for supporting aquatic life.
    Description: Includes: 27 references.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Chemistry ; Nigeria ; Dadin Kowa Dam ; Physico-chemical parameters ; Fish production ; Dadin Kowa Dam ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Evaluation of protein fractions of indigenous clariid fish species (Clarias gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis) and their reciprocal hybrids (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24624 | 19325 | 2018-05-22 06:22:00 | 24624 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Electrophoresis of Myofibrillar and Sarcoplasmic muscle proteins of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus, Heterobranchus bidosalis and their reciprocal hybrids in South-West Nigeria was carried out to reveal the similarities and dissimilarities among species in other to aid the selection of suitable strains for aquaculture that could lead to production of new varieties of fishes to alleviate the problem of short supply of fast growing quality fish seeds. The study was aimed at analyzing the muscle protein profiles of C. gariepinus, H. bidor salis and their reciprocal hybrids. Sixteen juveniles fish samples (comprising four samples from each mating combinations) artificially propagated and reared for sixteen weeks were analyzed eleclrophorelically. Myofibrillar and sarcoplasmic fractions were prepared by homogenizing 150mg of fish muscle in 1.5ml of rigor buffer containing 10mM Trismeleates, 60 mM K Cl, 5mM MgCl〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 1nM EDTA. Extracts were centrifuged in a tube at l0,000g for 5 min at 4~'C. The resultant pellets (myofibrilla) and supernatant (sarcoplasmic) separated using 12.5% Sodium Dodecyl-Sulphate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE). The relative concentration of individual protein bands were analyzed using Tota/Lab?1D software. The individual protein bands in the electrophoregram were identified in relation to their molecular weights. A total of eleven and seven protein bands were resolved in Myofibrilla and Sarcoplasmic fractions respectively. The 5th band with molecular weight (MW) of 52.23 KDa of the myofibrilla electrophoregram distinguished C. gariepinus from H. bidorsalis while the 3rd band with MW 119.04, 4th band with MWs 101.49 & 102.13; 8th band with MWs 29.24 and 29.39 KDa distinct the pure breeds from the hybrids. However, in sarcoplasmic fraction, the 3rd and 5th bands with MWs 92.11 KDa and 54.28 KDa respectively distinguished the hybrids in the while the 7th band with MW 41.67 KDa distinct the pure breeds. Therefore, this research will serve as a bridge between the existing gaps of information available on the muscle protein profile of C. gariepinus, H. bidorsalis and their reciprocal hybrids and the study identifies the proteomic classification of Clariid species with the aim of enlightening fish researchers and aquacullurists on the characterization of broodstock selection for successful breeding exercise.
    Description: Includes: 18 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Heterobranchus bidorsalis ; Nigeria ; Myofibrilla ; Sarcoplasmic ; Rigor buffer ; C. gariepinus and Heterobranchus bidorsalis ; freshwater environment ; automation
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  • 50
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    Protein profile expression of Clarias gariepinus, Heterobranchus bidorsalis and their reciprocal hybrids in Southwest Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24623 | 19325 | 2018-05-22 06:20:02 | 24623 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Proper genetic characterization would help in the selection of suitable strains for aquaculture that could lead to production of varieties of fishes to alleviate the problem of short supply of fast growing quality fish seeds. The study was aimed at analyzing the muscle protein profiles of Clarias gariepinus, Heterobranchus bidorsalis and their reciprocal hybrids. Sixteen juveniles fish samples (comprising four samples from each mating combinations) artificially propagated and reared for sixteen weeks were analyzed electrophoreti cally. The separation of the different polypeptides of C. gariepinus, H. bidorsalis and their reciprocal hybrid were carried out using 12% Sodium dodecyl, sulphate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (JD SDS-PAGE). The relative concentration of individual protein bands were analyzed using Total Lab〈sup〉TM〈/sup〉 ID software. The individual protein bands in the electrophoregram were identified in relation to their molecular weights. The gel images obtained after electrophoresis were scored and subjected to cluster analysis. The lst, 2nd, 4th, 8th, 9th, 10th, and l1th bands were detected across all mating combinations. The 5th band with molecular weight (78.58 distinguishes C. gariepinus from H. bidorsalis while the 6th band with molecular weight (54.41 KDa) distincts the reciprocal hybrid Clariabranchus from Heteroclarias. The 7th and 12th bands distinguished the pure breeds from the hybrids. The 7th band was present in both hybrids-Clariabranchus (49.50 KDa) and Heteroclarias (49.77 KDa) species but absent in the pure breeds while 12th was present in the pure breeds-C. gariepinus (19.92 KDa) and H. bidorsalis (20.29 KDa) but absent in the hybrids. The cluster analysis shows a high level of genetic similarity among the mating combinations which affirms the already established monophylogenetic relatedness among the species.
    Description: Includes: 18 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Heterobranchus bidorsalis ; Nigeria ; Electrophoregram ; Protein profile ; Clarias gariepinus ; Heterobranchus bidorsalis ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Impact of feeding diets containing Luffa cylindrica seedmeal on the variable cost of production of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus (Burchell 1822) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24157 | 19325 | 2018-05-13 13:00:52 | 24157 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This study investigates the use of Luffa cylindrica seed meal as soybean replacer in the diet of Clarias gariepinus. Five isonitrogenous diets containing soybean meal which was replaced by Luffa cylindrica at a rate of 0, 15,30,45 and 60% were made. The diets without Luffa cylindrical seed meal served as the control. Experimental diets were assigned randomly to the tanks and each group of fish was fed 5% body weight in equal proportion per day. The fish fed diet 1 had the highest incidence of cost, while the fish fed diet 4 had the lowest incidence of cost. There was no significant difference (P〉0.05) in the incidence of cost of producing 1kg fish with the different dietary treatments. The fish fed at diet 4 had the highest profit, while the fish fed at diet 1 had the lowest profit. There was no significant difference (P〉0.05) in the profit margin of producing 1kg fish with the different dietary treatments. The incidence of cost showed that it was cheaper to produce 1kg of fish with Luffa cylindrical seed meal because feeding the fish with the diet (control and tests diets) left some profit margin.
    Description: Includes: 5 tables.;Also includes: 18 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Ogun State ; freshwater environment ; Diets ; Freshwater fish ; Artificial feeding ; Feeding experiments ; Fish culture ; Production cost
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  • 52
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    Effects of partial and total replacement of soyabean meal with pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan) as alternative plant protein source in the diet of juvenile African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24160 | 19325 | 2018-05-13 13:07:24 | 24160 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: A 56-day feeding trial to investigate the effects of feeding varying levels of substituted Soybeam meal (SBL) with Pigeon pea seed meal (PSM) on the performance and carcass characteristics of Clarias gariepinus was conducted. Five isonitrogenous 40% crude protein diets were formulated where PSM Clarias gariepinus (15.74 ~c 1.22g) stocked at 15 fish/50 litres tanks were fed diets in triplicates twice daily to satiation and weight changes recorded weekly. Fish fed diet with 25% and 100% PSM inclusion gave the highest mean weight gain of 25.47g and 23.34g respectively (P〉0.05). There were no significant difference (P〉0.05) among the weight gain of other treatments. Fish fed diet containing 0% SBM and 100% PSM gave the highest gross food conversion efficiency and percentage weight gain of 43.50g and 12.l8g while fish fed diet containing 50% SBM and 50% PSM had the lowest of 35.67 and 9.99 respectively with no significant changes compared with other treatments. For good growth, fish farmers are advised to consider Pigeon pea seed meal either as a partial (25%) or total replacement (100%) for soybean meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus juveniles.
    Description: Includes: 5 tables.;Also includes: 19 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Lagos ; Soyameal ; Pigeon pea ; Clarias gariepinus ; Protein source ; freshwater environment ; Diets ; Freshwater fish ; Artificial feeding ; Feeding experiments ; Proteins ; Juveniles ; Feed efficiency ; Growth rate
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  • 53
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    The effect of feeding regime and rate on the growth of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) fingerlings fed with artificial feed (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24163 | 19325 | 2018-05-26 12:00:29 | 24163 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Fish growth is a function of adequate supply of feed in the right quantity and time. The effect of feeding rate on the growth of Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) was studied for a period of 22 weeks. The fish were fed at the same percentage body weight throughout the study period and a bi-weekly weight gain was measured. Water quality parameters were also monitored. There was a significant increase in weight gain in daily feeding regime than in the ones in two days feeding regime. The increase in weight for the daily feeding regime was visible as from the 8th week while that for the ones in two days feeding was only significantly different in 22nd week at 0.05 level of significance. The relationship between the two feeding regime types also revealed that the daily feeding performed better than the ones in two days feeding regime.
    Description: Includes: 2 tables.;Also includes: 10 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Pollution ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Niger ; Feed ; Fish growth ; Feeding regime and weight gain ; freshwater environment ; Feeding ; Growth rate ; Freshwater fish ; Fingerlings ; Length-weight relationships ; Water quality ; Fish culture
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    Extraction and structure elucidation of natural compounds of some gorgonians of the Persian Gulf and also physiological and pharmacological effects of gorgonian extract on some selected organisms (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Biology
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19419 | 17408 | 2016-01-22 09:16:53 | 19419 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-06-28
    Description: In the present research, investigations were carried out for structure elucidation of natural compounds and also for studing biological and teratogenical effects of two Genus of soft corals named as " Echinogorgia cf. indica" and "Sinularia erecta" in Persian Gulf. First, 350 gr Echinogorgia was extracted by Acetone, then, the extract was separated by ether from aqueos phase to give 4.5 gr oil. The oil eluted with Petrol - ether Et2 o (9:1) which was recovered Linderazulene and it's derivative as purple Cristals (350 mg/ca 0.1 %). In order to determine molecular structure, the Samples were used for spectroscopic method as: H1- NMR , C13- NMR and 2D NMR. Also, for extraction and structure elucidation of natural compounds, the soft coral " sinularia erecta " were used 1187/37 gr and extracted by Aceton. The extract was concentrated and resulting aqueous suspension and extracted by using ether to give 8.41 gr oil. The oil , was Chromatographed on a column of silica gel and some different fractions were gathered. Initial fraction (1-11) which were nonpolar compounds were seprated by GC/MS. Mass spectrum were prepared and much compounds were recognized.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors:Sh. Oryan, Ab. Rustaiyan Counsellors:K. Parivar, K. Zareh. The full text document is in Farsi only so it has not been possible for AC Editors to check the metadata input.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
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    Type: thesis
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    Comparative studies on the reproductive indices of the ovaries of Clarias gariepinus and Heterotis niloticus (2021)
    FISON | Lagos, Nigeria
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23255 | 19325 | 2018-03-25 14:40:53 | 23255 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: The techniques for induced breeding of Clarias gariepinus has been developed and mastered by fish breeders. There is however no record of successful induced breeding of Heterotis niloticus in captivity. In this study, the reproductive indices of the ovaries, of the two fish species were compared. The ovaries of sexually matured samples were extracted and their weights measured. The mean gonadosomatic index (GSI) of C. gariepinus was 3.94% while that of H. niloticus was 1.61 %. The mean condition factor (K) was 5.28 in C. gariepinus while it was 2.03 in H. niloticus. Gonad and body weight relationship was positively correlated in both species (r = 0.69 in C. gariepinus and r = 0.37 in H. niloticus. Also, an inverse relationship existed between the body weight and GSI in the two species (r = -0.3 5 inC. gariepinus and r = -0.06 in H. niloticus.
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;15 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Heterotis niloticus ; Nigeria ; Ibadan ; freshwater environment ; Reproduction ; Gonadosomatic index ; Morphometry
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    Effects of enclosure colour on growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fry (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23325 | 19325 | 2018-04-06 16:01:51 | 23325 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The effect of five enclosure colour on the production of Clarias gariepinus fry at post- yolk absorption stage were examined in the indoor hatchery during the first phase of exogenous feeding. A total of 3600 C. gariepinus fry (mean weight, 6.3 ~c 0.00 mg) were stocked into 15,56 litres capacity laboratory plastic bowls. Tank colours evaluated were black, blue, green, white and maroon. Frys were fed on zooplankton ad-libitum. Results indicated that tank colour had significant impact (P〈0.05) on the weight of C. gariepinus fry. However, percentage survival was significantly higher (P 〈 0.05) in black (86.67 %) than in white and maroon (56.67% and 66.67 % respectively). Survival in the black tanks ( 86.67 %) was not significantly different ( P 〉 0.05) than the blue and green tanks treatments but was significantly higher ( P 〉 0.05) than the blue and green tanks treatments. Based on the results, it is obvious that the background enclosure colour has effects on the growth and survival of fry in the indoor rearing system. A general tendency of higher fry growth and survival in dark colour backgrounds was evident. This could have a significant financial impact on commercial fingerlings production of C. gariepinus as fish hatchery operators in Nigeria do not currently take into consideration the colour of tanks use for the rearing of fry in the indoor hatchery.
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;10refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; freshwater environment ; Fish culture ; Growth rate
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    Physico-chemical and bacteriological investigation of fish and water in Aiba reservoir, Iwo (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23326 | 19325 | 2018-04-06 16:03:20 | 23326 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: This study looked into the physicochemical and bacteriological investigation of fish and water in Aiba Reservoir. Water and fish samples collected were studied to assess their bacteriological and physicochemical characteristics and their suitability for domestic purposes. Structural questionnaires were administered to the fishermen around the reservoir and experiments were carried out in the laboratory to analyze the samples. The results showed that the total viable bacteria count was high(1.02 x 105 cfu/ml) while few Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli occurred insignificantly. The population of S. aureus and E. coli in the fish gills, liver and tissue were insignificant. The results obtained from the physicochemical analysis of the water samples showed that the reservoir has optimum water temperature of 29degreesC ~c 0.25, a pH of 7.70 ~c 0.20, dissolved Oxygen level of 7.20mgO2/1 ~c 0.20 and total hardness of 45.00 mg/ICaC03 ~c 1.05. The microbial load in the fish sample is higher than that in the water sample. Further strict hygienic measures and surveillance is recommended so as to improve the water quality and to avoid deleterious effects on the health of the Iwo inhabitants and its neighboring communities who also benefit from the reservoir.
    Description: Includes:- 2 figs.;11 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Nigeria ; Aiba Reservoir ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Bacteriology ; Water quality ; Water ; Bacterial counters
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    Effects of preservatives on the proximate and sensory analysis of smoked-dried Clarias gariepinus during ambient storage (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23393 | 19325 | 2018-04-12 07:13:43 | 23393 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The effect of food grade chemical and natural preservatives on the proximate and sensory analysis of smoked catfish Clarias gariepinus during six weeks ambient storage were determined. Eleven pre-smoking treatments were applied: 25% sodium chloride (NaCl) and 1% ascorbic acid for Iht 25% NaCI and 1% ascorbic acid for 30mins; 3% sodium lactate for 30mins; 3% sodium lactate and ginger (Zingiber officinale) extract for 30mins; 5% sorbic acid for 3Omins; 5% sorbic acid for 1h; 3% sodium lactate and Tetrapleura tetraptera extract for 30mins; 3% sodium lactate and Ethiopian pepper (Xylopia aethiopica) extract for 30mins; Z. officinale extract for 30mins; X aethiopica extract for 30mins and T. tetraptera extract for 30mins. The samples were smoked, cooled and packed for analysis at 0, 2, 4 and 6 weeks of ambient storage. The values of the proximate analysis ranged between 13.0-19.5%, 3.5-5.5%, 12.3-17.6% and 58.4-68.7% for moisture, ash, lipid and protein respectively. There were no significant change of proximate composition and sensory evaluation (p〈 0.05) within each treatment groups during the 6 weeks storage without refrigeration
    Description: Includes:- 9 figs.;7 refs.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Lagos ; freshwater environment ; Preservatives ; Storage ; Fish storage ; Storage effects ; Cured products ; Food composition ; Nutritive value
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    Bacteria organisms in grow out Clarias gariepinus mortality in Jos Area (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23402 | 19325 | 2018-04-12 08:52:38 | 23402 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The investigation of bacteria in grow-out catfish was carried out from February to June, 2008. 100 dead Clarias gariepinus were collected from ten ponds (A-J) distributed in Jos and its environs. Results from the various ponds showed that Escherichia coli were present in all the location found, while 87.0% of the total samples obtained were positive with bacteria isolates. The isolates were shown to include Aeromonas species (11.5%), Escherichia coli (35.6%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (15.0%), Streptococcus faecalis (13.8%) and Klebsiella aerogenes (18.4%) of which pond F had 16.1 % of bacteria organisms while ponds B, G and H were both 9.2%, respectively.
    Description: Includes:- 4 tables.;9 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Jos ; freshwater environment ; Bacteria ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Mortality
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    Primary production and physico-chemical parameters of a freshwater fish farm in the south east Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23410 | 19325 | 2018-04-12 09:04:25 | 23410 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Comparative primary production in Little Stream Farms, near Uyo was investigated in relation to physico-chemical parameters of the adjacent perennial stream and the fish ponds. Except for temperature, which showed the same values for both stations, physico-chemical variables generally showed significant difference (P〈O.05) between the pond water and the adjacent stream. Values of silicates, Turbidity (NTU), Secchi Disc Transparency and Total Suspended Solids (TSS) exhibited significantly variable trends (P〈O.05), especially in the stream water, in response to the commercial sand dredging activities upstream from the fann location. Lowest value of stream transparency (O.1M) recorded was during the peak of the sand dredging, whereas the stream water showed absolute transparency in the absence of the dredging. The water quality parameters also exhibited a general trend of significant seasonal variation (P〈O.05). Five phytoplankton families: Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae, Cyanobacteria, Euglenophyceae and Dinophyceae occurred in the ponds, while three families, Bacillariophyceae, Chlorophyceae and Cyanobacteria occurred in the stream. Bacillariophyceae showed the highest relative abundance in both stations A and B.
    Description: Includes:- 1 table.;3 figs.;11 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Chemistry ; Ecology ; Nigeria ; Akwa Ibom State ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Freshwater ecology ; Water quality ; Phytoplankton ; Suspended particulate matter
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    The growth performance and survival of Clarias gariepinus fry raised in homestead concrete tanks (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23421 | 19325 | 2018-04-25 19:22:53 | 23421 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: Fertilizer application in earthen ponds has been used as a low-cost method of sustainable aquaculture production. This study was carried out to investigate the growth response of African Catfish fry Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1882) in three different culture media in Homestead concrete tanks. The water in the control (T1) was not treated while T2 and T3 were treated with poultry droppings and soy bean milk filtrate respectively. Nine hundred (900) catfish fry weighing averagely 0.67 ? 0.69g were randomly allocated per treatment. In each tank (2m x 3m x 1.5m) were suspended (3) net cages each (1m x 1m x 1m). Each net cage had 100 fry. The fish in tank 1 (control treatment) were fed fish meal from the start at 5% of their body weight four times daily while the other treatments were not fed at all for the first 7 days. Feeding with fishmeal commenced for treatments T2 and T3 on the next 8 ? 14 day. The weights of the feed were adjusted after weekly weighing Analyses of the culture media for phytoplankton composition and water quality parameters were done for all treatments at the end of the experiment. Tables 3 and 4. The culture media with poultry manure (T2) and soyabean filtrate (T3) were found to influence the quality and quantity of the plankton which in turn determined the growth and survival. Tables 1 and 2. However, the best weight increase was recorded in T1 (2.33g) followed by T3 (1.89g) and then T2 (1.81g) had the lowest weight gain. The survival rates in all the treatments were high but was highest in T3 (98%) followed by T2 (97%) and T1 (95%). Dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature of culture media were variously affected by the treatments. The presence of zooplanktons (Rotifer and Daphnia species) invariably supported the highest survival (98%) of the fry in treatment T3. Treatment T3 (11.56 ~c 1.14) x 103) generated higher concentrations of most of identified zooplanktons than treatments T1 (5.39 ~c 0.73) x 103) and T2 (12.78 ~c 0.98) x 103). These zooplanktons were absent in treatments T1 and T2. The result indicated that fertilizing the culture medium using soybean milk filtrate or poultry droppings improved the growth and of C. gariepinus.
    Description: Includes:- 4 tables.;18 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Ibadan ; freshwater environment ; Fish culture ; Growth rate ; Growth ; Survival ; Food organisms
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    Assessment of water quality parameters in Lake Alau (2021)
    FISON | Akure (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23404 | 19325 | 2018-04-12 08:55:07 | 23404 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-14
    Description: The physico-chemical parameters of Lake Alau were monitored for four months to assess the water quality. Parameters such as temperature, transparency, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, Ca, P, etc were studied in five stations (A, B, C, D and E). Water samples were collected monthly from 8:00 to l2:00noon, for four months (July - October 2008, wet season) and analysed. The physico-chemical parameters were within the ranges of unpolluted water bodies. Variation occurs in almost all the months of the study. Significant difference (P〈0.05) occurred in pH, transparency and Ca among the stations, and insignificant difference (P〉0.05) in temperature, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, Mg and P. These variations may be due to effects of fertilizer application, herbicides and insecticides in irrigated farms around the Lake.
    Description: Includes:- 2 tables.;24 refs.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nigeria ; Alau L. ; freshwater environment ; Physicochemical properties ; Water quality ; Temperature ; Turbidity ; Transparency ; Dissolved oxygen
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    Effects of NIOMR smoking kiln and oven on the crude protein, minerals and vitamins of catfish Clarias gariepinus (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24197 | 19325 | 2018-05-16 15:16:21 | 24197 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The effects of two different preservative methods, NIOMR Smoking Kiln and Oven drying on Crude Protein minerals and Vitamin of clarias gariepinus were studied. Clarias gariepinus were obtained from the fish farm of African Regional Aquaculture Centre, Aluu, Port Harcourt. The crude protein, minerals and vitamins of the fresh fish were determined immediately while two other batches were separately dried using oven at 50~'C for 30minutes and NIOMR Smoking Kiln at 70~'C for 3 hours. Result of the crude protien of fresh fish was 21.84 ~c 1.10 which increased to 59.53 ~c 1.88 and 35.41 ~c 1.00 in both NIOMR smoking and oven, respectively. This means that, there was a significant different in both dryers on the crude protein. This will improve the knowledge and capacity of rural women and agricultural communities on the appropriate processing method for fish. The mineral and vitamins of oven dried and NIOMR Smoking kiln were analyzed. The vitamin content of both the fish, dried and smoking kiln shows no significant different except in vitamin A which was significant (p〈0.05).There was significant different (p〈0.05) in the mineral content of the two different drying method except in sodium, Potassium and Phosphorus of the drying method. This result indicates that the two drying methods have effects on the nutritional quality of catfish.
    Description: Includes: 2 tables and 1 figure.;Also includes: 7 references.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Port Harcourt ; Smoking ; Production ; Preservative research ; Quality ; freshwater environment ; Processing fishery products ; Freshwater fish ; Proteins ; Vitamins ; Minerals ; Cured products ; Quality assurance ; Aquaculture equipment ; Nutritive value ; Drying ; Methodology ; Comparative studies
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    Effects of freezing on the proximate composition and sensory quality of stored African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24189 | 19325 | 2018-05-16 14:59:40 | 24189 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The objective of this study was to determine the quality deterioration of African catfish Clarias gariepinus and Tilapia, Orechromis niloticus stored at-4~'C for 8 weeks. Weekly analysis was conducted to measure protein, moisture, crude fat and ash content and evaluation of the sensory quality. The result clearly reveals that during storage, both the samples showed a highly significant (p〈0.05) decreasing trend in protein, lipid, ash and moisture content. The result shows that protein, moisture, fat and ash content of the fish samples decreases with increasing duration of frozen storage. The fresh samples has the highest value of protein, moisture, fat and ash content while the least value was recorded on the 8th week. 19.98 ~c 2.66%, 80.71 ~c 1.65%, 3.92 ~c 0.5% and 2.52 ~c were recorded for freshly prepared Clarias gariepinus respectively while 12.62 ~c 1.22%, 66.86 ~c 0.68%, 1.08 ~c 1.04% and 1.14 ~c 0.33% were recorded on the 8th week respectively. 20.80 ~c 1.46, 60.75 ~c 2.50, 9.75 ~c 2.50% and 5.85 ~c 2.51% were recorded for freshly prepared Oreochromis niloticus respectively while 25.05 ~c 2.20%, 47.60 ~c 2. 15%, 7.1 ~c 0.20 and 3.00 ~c 2.10% were recorded on the 8th week respectively. After 8 weeks, the total decrease was 7.36%, 13.85%, 2.84% and 1.38% respectively for Clarias gariepinus and 3.75%, 13.45%, 2.65% and 2.85% respectively for Oreochromis niloticus. Sensory evaluation of the fish samples revealed that quality, texture, colour, odour, aroma and taste decrease with increasing duration of storage and best quality obtained when freshly prepared.
    Description: Includes: 4 tables.;Also includes: 11 references
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Oreochromis niloticus ; Nigeria ; Owo ; Frozen ; Fish ; Quality ; Sensory ; Evaluation ; Processing ; freshwater environment ; Chemical composition ; Freshwater fish ; Receptors ; Deterioration ; Quality assurance ; Fish storage ; Freezing storage ; Nutritive value ; Microorganisms ; Enzymatic activity ; Processing fishery products ; Storage effects ; Organoleptic properties ; Temperature effects
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    Association of Aeromonas hydrophila with mortality of catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24245 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 05:42:58 | 24245 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Aeromonas hydrophila was the predominant bacteria isolated from moribund fingerlings, post fingerlings, juveniles and table size of Catfish (Clarias gariepinus) cultured in concrete tanks. A. hydrophila was recovered from the internal organs of the fish showing varying degrees of clinical signs of dropsy, ulcers, fin rot and tail rot. The study considers the role of A.hydrophila, a pathogen of emerging importance and its presence in fish as a cause for concern for culturists, processors, consumers and exporters.
    Description: Includes: 17 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Port Harcourt ; brackishwater environment ; freshwater environment ; Pathogens ; Pathogenic bacteria ; Freshwater fish ; Fingerlings ; Fish culture ; Fish diseases ; Atmospheric physics
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    The comparative histological studies of the testis in the wild and cultured African catfish species (Clarias gariepinus) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24211 | 19325 | 2018-05-19 06:44:45 | 24211 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The comparative study of the structure of testes of both the cultured and wild Male Clarias species was carried out with the aim of highlighting the possible differences in the testicular structure between them. The data were analysed based on the Regression and Correlation Analysis to examine the relationship between and within the data using Microsoft Excel data analysis tool. The Samples of the testes were fixed in Bouin's fluid for 72 hours. The tissue samples were passed through graded concentrations of alcohol at 50%, 70%, 90%, and absolute alcohol (100%) in order to achieve dehydration. The tissues were cleared in two jars of xylene for one hour and then embedded after passing through the four changes of paraffin wax at 60~'C. Paraffin sections of 5. Micron thick were obtained on a microtome. These were mounted on clear albuminized slides after floating on a warm water bath and then dried in an oven and stained with Haematoxylin and Eosin (H & E). At the same time, some of the cut sections of the testes were stained with Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) reagents. All the slides were examined under the light microscope. On the slides stained with H&E and PAS, the histological features of the testis were evaluated and the histomorphometry of the testes determined. The findings of this work showed that there was no histological difference in the testicular structure of both domestically reared and wild strains of Clarias gariepinus species. At the end of the experiment, this work showed that testicular structure of Clarias gariepinus in the cultured and the wild are histologically similar.
    Description: Includes: 12 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Ogun State ; Cultured ; Sexually gravid ; Histology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Testicule ; freshwater environment ; Freshwater fish ; Testes ; Males ; Comparative studies ; Histology ; Fish culture ; Stocks ; Cultured organisms
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    Effects of synthetic and non-synthetic hormones on the fecundity of Clarias gariepinus: a review (2021)
    FISON | Minna (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24112 | 19325 | 2018-05-16 14:23:20 | 24112 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This paper reviewed the effect of synthetic and non-synthetic hormones on the fecundity fertilization, hatching, latency period and ovulation of Clarias gariepinus. The reviewed result confirmed the necessity of stimulating fecundity in Clarias gariepinus with hormones complexes. The effectiveness of synthetic hormones over the non-synthetic hormones in fecundity stimulation and the highest fecundity level, hatching and fertilization recorded was from the synthetic hormonal sources. Hormonal substances influenced greatly fecundity, ovulation, fertilization of Clarias gariepinus but the technical- know- how involved in getting the non-synthetic hormone such as pituitary is very difficult and rigorous which makes the synthetic counterpart preferable.
    Description: Includes: 20 refs.
    Keywords: Biology ; Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Synthetic ; Hormones ; Fecundity ; Clarias gariepinus ; freshwater environment ; Fecundity ; Hormones ; Fish ; Reproduction ; Induced breeding ; Pituitary gland
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    Preliminary studies on some physico-chemical parameters and fish species composition of Doma Dam, Nasarawa State, Nigeria (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24638 | 19325 | 2018-05-24 09:36:38 | 24638 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Study of some Physico-chemical parameters and fish species composition of Doma Darn was carried out between the month of August 2012. Fishing communities along the dam were selected at sampling stations and collection of fish species. The values of physico-parameters obtained for stations were in the range of 28.10-92 m for depth, 27.70-28.48~'for temperature, 7.03-7.64 for PH, 7.23-7.64mg/l for dissolved oxygen (DO), 30.08-31.75 ntu for turbidity, 94.64-105.17mg/l for alkalinity and 79.17-80.58mg/l for total hardness. The result indicated that there was significant difference (p〈0.5)for depth, temperature turbidity and alkalinity, while there was no significant difference (p〈0.05) for DO, pH and water hardness among the stations. The result of these parameters among the duration shows that there was significant different (p〈0.05) in all the parameters except pH. The study revealed that there were twenty-five (25) fish species belonging to 12 families in the dam. The family Cichlidae and Mochokidae and Bagridae which has three each, While the family, Polypteridae, Channidae, Centropomidae, flepsetidae and Protopteridae has the lowest number of one (1) each. The overall result revealed that the Phvsico-chemical parameters were mostly influenced by duration and not much by stations; and parametersoaram measured were within the recommended water quality requirement for growth and survival of aquatic organisms.
    Description: Includes: 10 references.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Nigeria ; Doma Dam ; Doma Dam ; Fishing community ; Physico-chemical parameter ; Fish species ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Whole rocky fresh water prawns, Caridina africana as replacement for fish meal in diets for African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24658 | 19325 | 2018-05-27 14:53:28 | 24658 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Specimens of Caridina africana were oven dried at 110~'C for 24 hours and refrigerated at 200~'C prior to proximate analysis. Whole rocky freshwater prawn meal (WRFWPM) was evaluated as a dietary replacement for fish meal in the diet of C. gariepinus fingerlings. The diets were fed to triplicate groups of C. gariepinus fingerlings (10.6 ~c 0.08g) reared in concrete tanks, to assess the effects of its partial or complete replacement with fish meal for 90 days. The diets comprised a control which contained fish meal as a protein source; 0% and four others on weight basis at 25%, 50%, 75% and 100% in which fish meal was progressively substituted with WRFWPM. The crude protein content was 40% and fed at 4% body weight of the fish per day. Results shows that the daily body weight gain, feed conversion ratio, protein efficiency ratio and protein productive values were highest in diet with 50% replacement, closely followed by diet with 25% replacement. All parameters were significantly different for all diets (p〈0.05). Higher dietary inclusion WRFWPM of 75% and 100% led to decrease in growth performance and nutrient utilization of C. gariepinus fingerlings. The cost WRFWPM was significantly lower than that of fish meal. Though the economic viability of C. africana is yet to be evaluated due to its tiny size; its substitution as a fish meal replacer in the diet of C. gariepinus is considered profitable.
    Description: Includes: 25 references
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; C. africana ; C. gariepinus ; Prawn ; Digestibility ; Replacement ; Proximate ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Effect of stocking density on the growth rates of Clarias gariepinus in a floating hapa system (2021)
    FISON | Lagos, Nigeria
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23233 | 19325 | 2018-03-18 15:08:08 | 23233 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Any aquaculture system needs constant supply of good quality water. In the arid zone of Nigeria this problem becomes more acute. This study therefore tries to rear fish is enclosure (net-hapas) suspended in outdoor concrete tanks to maximize the use of water and feed. About 350 fingerlings (of mean weight of 4.93g) of Clarias gariepinus caught in the same locality in Lake Alau ( Maiduguri, Borno State) were stocked in net-hapas (1 x 1x 1 m) at 25,50 and 100 fish/m3. Each treatment was duplicated the fish were fed three times a day on a formulated 40% protein balanced diet at 5% body weight per day. Batch weighing of the fish in each net-hapa was carried out every fortnight for body weight measurement. Water quality parameters such as dissolved oxygen, pH and temperature were measured weekly. The results of the fish growth and feed utilization efficiency were pooled for each treatment, computed and analyzed using one-way-analysis of variance (ANOVA) Mortality was highest in treatment 3 (100/m3) when compared with treatments I and 2 (25/m3 and 50/m3 respectively). This is mainly due to handling stress because of the long distance from Lake Alau 10 the NIFFR Zonal Station outdoor ponds (〉45km) and the method of capture (Cast net). There were slight differences in mean final weight and food conversion of the fish at the end of the study but no statistical differences were found among the treatments (P〈0. 05).
    Description: Includes:- 3 tables.;7 refs.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Maduguri ; freshwater environment ; Stocking density ; Fish culture ; Growth rate ; Cage culture
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    Growth and survival of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, Burchell 1822): comparison on natural and artificial diet (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24164 | 19325 | 2018-05-13 13:17:21 | 24164 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The growth and survival of Clarias gariepinus larvae with an average length and weight of 6.0mm and 2.57mg respectively were fed commercial dry feed, decysted Artemia or copepods over a twelve day period. Larvae were hatched using the induced hormone technique. After endogenous feeding, 80 larvae were distributed into each of the nine tanks and fed ad libitum thrice a day. The highest growth rate and survival were observed in larva fed with decysted Artemia (p〈0.05). The present study showed that formulated diet may not be a suitable starter diet for Clarias gariepinus larvae.
    Description: Includes: 1 table.;Also includes: 16 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Adamawa State ; Clarias gariepinus ; Decysted Artemia ; Commercial diet ; Copepod ; Growth and survival ; freshwater environment ; Growth ; Survival ; Freshwater fish ; Artificial feeding ; Fish larvae ; Length-weight relationships ; Diets ; Fish culture
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    Supplementation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seed as feed additive for improved performance of juvenile African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) (Burchell, 1822) (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24174 | 19325 | 2018-05-13 18:56:53 | 24174 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The present study examined the utilization potential of date palm seed (DPS) as feed additive in the diet of African catfish Clarias gariepinus for efficient feed utilization. A total of 150 African catfish (weight ranged from 81.13 to 91.35 g) were divided into five experimental groups. The experiment was conducted for 70 days. Experimental diets were identical in all composition except for the variation in DPS level. Non-inclusion of DPS was used at 0% (control) and other levels are 0.5% (diet 2), 1.0% (diet 3), 1.5% (diet 4) and 2.0% (diet 5). The growth performance and nutrient utilization of African catfish including Weight Gain (WG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Protein Productive Value (PPV) were significantly (p〈0.05) higher than those of fish fed control diets, where DPS supplementation at 1.5% appears to be generally higher than other levels. In the same trend fish fed diets with DPS supplementation produced improved fish carcass values and the haematology of fish was generally better from diets in all DPS fed fish. Overall production performance and subsequent fish quality assessments indicated that the diets containing 1.5% DPS level recorded the best performance in African catfish compared to other levels including the control diet. Based on the result of the present study, it is concluded that date palm seed supplementation positively influenced growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish as well as ensuring their healthy status.
    Description: Includes: 3 tables.;Also includes: 20 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; freshwater environment ; Feed ; Additives ; Utilization ; Freshwater fish ; Juveniles ; Diets ; Feeding experiments ; Fish culture ; Feed efficiency
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    Histopathological and haematological effects of acute toxicity of cypermethrin on Clarias gariepinus juvenile (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24233 | 19325 | 2018-05-19 07:27:47 | 24233 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The experiment was conducted to evaluate the acute toxic of cypermethrin, a synthetic pyrethroids on juveniles of Clarias gariepinus. The effect was assessed based on the comparism results of haematology and histopathological tissues examinations of control and experimental group exposed to five nominal concentration of cypavest, 10EC Pesticide Preparation (active substance 100mg/l) of cypermethrin in a static non-renewal bioassay for 96 hours. The 96hrs LC50 value of the exposed juveniles was found to be 0.062 mg/1. Fish exhibited progressive loss of balance, respiratory distress, erratic movement and death. Examination of haematology significantly showed higher value (P〈0.001; 0.01) of white blood cell (WBC), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), packed cell volume (PCV), monophilis and heterophilis; a significant reduction (P〈0.001, 0.01) in Red Blood Cell (RBC) and Lymphocyte was obtained as compared to the control. Severe necrosis, haemorrhages vacuolation, congestion and focal interstitial haemorrhages were the stopathological changes in the tissues of gill and liver, thus concluding that cypermethrin is toxic to juveniles of Clarias gariepinus.
    Description: Includes: 17 references.
    Keywords: Pollution ; Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Borno State ; Cypermethrin ; cypavest ; Synthetic pyrethroid ; Static-non renewal ; bioassay ; freshwater environment ; Histopathology ; Haematology ; Toxicity ; Freshwater fish ; Juveniles ; Pollution effects ; Evaluation ; Comparative studies ; Experimental research ; Bioassays ; Toxicants ; Pesticides
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  • 74
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    Prevalence of Eustrongylides ignotus in Poecilia reticulata obtained from some waste water drains of Lagos State (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24241 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 05:34:34 | 24241 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Poecilia reticulata is a common ornamental tropical fish found in many wastewater drains in Nigeria. Guppies feed on Oligochaetes which are intermediate hosts of Eustrongylides ignotus which is a parasite of Clarias gariepinus. The potential ban on the importation of ornamental fishes into Nigeria due to dearth of information on the parasite fauna of ornamental fishes has enhanced the demand for local species, usually sourced from the wild. Sampling was done monthly using a 2mm mesh-sized scoop net along selected drains at Igi-Olugbin Street, Basil Ogamba Street, Ahmadu Bello Road and Adenaike Alagbe Street between March, 2004 and February, 2005. The selected drains were abutting residences and varying industrial activities in each of four different local government areas of Lagos State. 60 female and 60 male samples were randomly selected from each drain for dissection and microscopy. Nematodes observed were identified using standard identification guides. Prevalence was determined as percentage infection in guppies examined. Measurements of waste water temperature, Dissolved Oxygen (DO), pH and transparency were done according to APHA methods. Drain depth was determined using a calibrated pole. Data was analyzed using chi-square test, ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient. Out of 4,320 samples examined, only 156 were infected. There was no sex-related difference in the prevalence of E. ignotus and no significant difference in mean monthly pH and DO across drains. The highest prevalence of 12.0% was observed in P. reticlliata males obtained from Adenaike Alagbe Street in June, 2004. Mean monthly physicochemical parameters for drains were: temperature, 25.0 ~c1.1 - 26.0 ~c 1.1~'C; DO, 7.8 ~c 2.1 - 8.4 ~c 1.8mg1-1 ; pH, 6.9 ~c 0.5 - 7.3 ~c 0.4; transparency, 3.5 ~c 0.8 - 23.0 ~c 3.6 cm and drain depth, 9.6 ~c 2.3 - 14.8 ~c 3.2 cm. The prevalence of E. ignotus in the P. reticulata obtained from the selected Streets should not prevent their exploitation for both import substitution and the export market because it is low.
    Description: Includes: 6 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Poecilia reticulata ; Clarias gariepinus ; Eustrongylides ignotus ; Nigeria ; Lagos State ; freshwater environment ; Freshwater fish ; Parasites ; Hosts ; Physicochemical properties ; Species ; Pollution ; Ornamental fish ; Food organisms
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    Acute toxicity of industrial effluents from Agbara environs of Ologe Lagoon on early life stages of African catfish Clarias gariepinus (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24217 | 19325 | 2018-05-19 06:56:50 | 24217 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The acute toxic effect of industrial effluents from Agbara Industrial environs of Ologe lagoon was investigated in a static renewable lethal bioassay using fingerlings and Juveniles of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Twenty (20) pieces of the fingerlings were stocked per tank and each treatment was in triplicate. Physico-chemical parameters: temperature, pH, Dissolved Oxygen, DO and conductivity in treatment tanks were monitored for 96 hours. Behavioural responses were studied; mortality data recorded, and histopathological analysis was also done. Except for dissolved oxygen, other physico-chemical parameters monitored did not show significant differences (p〉0.05). The lethal bioassay showed that as the concentration of effluent increased, more mortality was recorded; but as the time of exposure increased, mortality reduced. The LC50 obtained at all the different time intervals for C. gariepinus fingerlings in 24,48, 72 and 96 hrs were: 69.45,46.39, 40.81 and 34.03(%). While in juveniles, the values were: 64.52,49.21, 32.50, and 19.63(%) respectively. Abnormal behaviour was observed; they showed repeated darting movement within an hour of introduction, darkening in the eye and on the skin, haemorrhage in the gills, spiral swimming and death. Histopathological examination of the gills and liver of the fishes showed lesions which increased progressively with increasing level of toxicants. Observed changes in the gills were mainly: epithelial lifting, swollen lamellae, necrosis and mass degeneration, fatty and vacuolar degeneration, loss of lamellae and marked disorganization in gill structure and arrangement. In the liver, there were vacoulation, portal congestions, pancreatic necrosis, fatty degeneration and severe disruption of the hepatic cord. Fishes in the control treatments showed no visible lesions throughout the experiments. This information confirms that histopathological alterations are good biomarkers for toxic impact assessment of industrial effluent on fish. Therefore, an indiscriminate discharge of this effluent to surrounding water should be discouraged.
    Description: Includes: 33 references.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Pollution ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Ologe Lagoon ; Acute ; Toxicity ; Industrial effluence ; Ologe lagoon ; brackishwater environment ; Toxicity ; Industrial wastes ; Lagoons ; Brackishwater fish ; Juveniles ; Fingerlings ; Physicochemical properties ; Histopathology ; Pollution effects ; Mortality ; Brackishwater pollution
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    Microbiological quality of fresh catfish raised in ponds fertilized with raw sterilized poultry manures (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigreia)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24576 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 05:53:00 | 24576 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: A total of 2,800 catfish (Clarias gariepinus) were stocked in fourteen (14) 5 by 4 m2 earthen ponds in NJFFR Integrated Farm, New Bussa, Niger State. Raw and sterilized poultry manure of 0.13 to 0.52 kg/m3 concentrations were used to fertilize the ponds with the unfertilized ponds serving as control. The following bacteria were isolated from the poultry manure; Escherichia coli, Aeromonas hydrophila, Salmonella typhi, Shigella dysenteriae and Staphylococcus aureus. The microbial loads of samples increased with increase in concentration of manure. The fish samples from the 0.13 and 0.26kg/m3 sterilized manure fertilized ponds had no count in their fish flesh unlike others. However, the fish from the control ponds had the least with 0.68 log10 CFU/g while that of fish harvested from 0.52 kg/m3 raw manure fertilized ponds had the highest with 2.24 log10 CFU/g. Pathogenic enteric organisms like S. typhi, S. dysenteriae and A. hydrophila were not present in the fish flesh of the fish from the sterilized manure and control samples. The study revealed that fish samples from sterilized manures were better in terms of microbial safety for fish productions; hence sterilized manure is recommended for use in fish production to ensure the microbial safety of the fish, handlers and that of the consumers.
    Description: Includes: 11 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Catfish ; Pathogens ; Microbial quality ; Raw and sterelized manure ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Growth performance of two strains of Clarias gariepinus in indoor and outdoor concrete tanks (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24579 | 19325 | 2018-05-20 05:59:31 | 24579 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Six indoor concrete tanks ( 1.5m x 2.0m x 1m) were stocked with 120 C. gariepinus fingerlings (9.52 ~c 52g). Six outdoor concrete tanks (2m x 2m x lm) were stocked with 240 fingerlings (9.66 ~c 1.52g). The fish samples were collected from Osi Ekiti, Ekiti State and from the National Institute for Freshwater Fisheries Research hatchery, New Bussa, Niger State, both in Nigeria. The fish were acclimatized for three days and were fed with coppens feed. The experimental feed had crude protein level of 40.5% and was fed to the fish for 51 days in two treatments indoor and outdoor. There was no significant variation (p〉 0.05) in the mean initial weight, mean final weight, mean weight gain, food conversion ratio, protein intake, specific growth rate and percentage survival of fish stocked indoors. There was significant difference (p〈 0.05) in the protein effic1ency ratio of fish fed indoors. There was significant difference (p〈 0.05) in the mean weight gain. mean final weight, food convertion ratio, protein intake and protein efficiency ratio of two strains of fish fed the diet outdoor. There was no significant difference (p〉 0.05) in the specific growth rate and percentage survival of the two strains of fish fed outdoor. The highest weight gain was ohserved in the outdoor fish from Osi and the lowest weight gain was recorded in the indoor from New Bussa.
    Description: Includes: 32 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Growth ; C. gariepinus ; Indoor ; Outdoor ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Supplementation of date palm (Phoenix dactylifera) seed as feed additive in the diets of juvenile African catfish (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24654 | 19325 | 2018-05-26 12:09:10 | 24654 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The present study was conducted to examine the utilization potential of date palm seed (DPS) as feed additive in the diet of African catfish Clarias gariepinus for improved fed utilization. A total of 150 African catfish (weight ranged from 81.1 to 91.3g) were divided into five experimental groups. The experiment was conducted for 70 days. Experimental diets were identical in all composition except for the variation in DPS inclusion level. Non-inclusion of DPS was used at 0% (control) and other levels are 0.5% (diet 2), 1.0% (diet 3), (diet4) and 2.0% (diet 5). Growth performance and nutrient utilization of African catfish including Weight Gain (WG), Specific Growth Rate (SGR), Protein Efficiency Ratio (PER) and Protein Productive Value (PPV) were significantly (P〈0.05) higher than those diets, where DPS supplementation at 1.5% appears to be generally higher than other levels. In the same trend fish fed DPS supplementation produced improved fish carcass values and the haematology of fish was generally better from diets in overall production performance and subsequent fish quality assessments indicated that the diets containing 1.5% DPS level recronded the best performance in fish compared to other levels including the control diet. Based on the result of the present study, it is concluded that date palm seed supplementation positively influenced growth performance and feed utilization of African catfish as well as ensuring their healthy status.
    Description: Includes: 26 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Date palm seed ; C. gariepinus ; Supplimentation ; Feed additive ; Diets ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Digestible protein sparing effects of digestible lipids in Clarias gariepinus (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24656 | 19325 | 2018-05-26 12:12:42 | 24656 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: A digestibility trial was carried out on Clarias gariepinus fingerlings 2.25 ~c 0.05g for 4 weeks. The results indicated significant difference (P〈0.05) between the gross and digestible diets as out of 20% lipid/protein fed, only 17.75 was digestible. It was this that apparently spared 22.58% out of 30% protein fed for growth. The groundnut oil based diets also showed significant (p〈0.05) between the gross nutrients fed and actual digestible. From the result only 16.80/25.22% out of 20/30% dietary oil and dietary protein fed respectively. The palm oil based diets also exhibited similar trend protein/lipid ratio 15/35 only 12.87/29.52 dietary palm oil and dietary protein respectively was digestible. However, there was no significant difference (P〉0.05) in the groundnut oil and palm oil. Therefore, the digestible lipids in this study were significantly lower than the gross diets fed.
    Description: Includes: 14 references
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Protein/Lipid ratio ; Gross nutrient ; C. gariepinus ; Palm oil ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Effects of boiled Jatropha kernel meal as a substitute for soybeans meal in diet of African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) fingerlings (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24660 | 19325 | 2018-05-27 14:55:49 | 24660 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: A feeding trial was conducted in the laboratory for 8 weeks to evaluate the growth response of C. gariepinus fingerlings using boiled Jatropha kernel as the protein source in place of soybean meal. Four experimental diets (40% crude protein) were formulated, three of these diets contained boiled Jatropha kernel meal at varying levels of 0% 10%, 20%, and 30% while the diet without boiled Jatropha kernel meal served as control. Fish fingerlings were fed weekly at 5% body weight. It was discovered that the percentage weight gain was significantly different (p〈0.05) among the controlled diet and the experimental diets; specific growth rates were also significantly different (p〈0.05) among the controlled diets 3 and 4, but different in diets 1 and 2 with diet 4 (30%) of boiled Jatropha kernel having the highest value. The highest weight gain was recorded in diet 4 containing 30% of boiled Jatropha kernel meal (75.57g), while the least is at 10% inclusion (52.47g). The soybean meal protein increased with increasing boiled Jatropha kernel substitution. Based on the results of this study, it could be concluded that C. gariepinus could tolerate 30% inclusion of boiled Jatropha kernel meal in the diet in place of soybean meal.
    Description: Includes: 23 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Growth performance ; Nutrition utilization ; C. gariepinus ; Boiled jatropha kernel meal ; freshwater environment ; automation
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    Plankton communities of Ikpa River, South East Nigeria exposed to sand-dredging activities (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24634 | 19325 | 2018-05-23 07:57:04 | 24634 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: Plankton communities of Ikpa River, downstream from a sand-dredging area were studied for a period of i2 months (March 2010 to Febntary 2011), covering dry and wet seasons. Most Physico-chemical parameters (pH, Turbidity, Silicates, Transparency and Conductivity) exhibited highly significant spatial variation (p〈0.01), whereas seasonal variation of these variables was not statistically significant(p〉0.05). Significant seasonal variation (p〈0.05) was however observed in temperature, Dissolved Oxygen, Biochemical Dem and(BOD), total Dissolved Solids (TDS), Phosphorus, Nitrates and Conductivity. A total of 51 Taxa of Phytoplankton to 43 genera and 5 families were identified during the period of study. Bacillariophyceae recorded the highest relative abundance with 52.41%, followed by Chlorophyceae with 32.05%, Cyanobacteria with 13.35%, while Euglenophyceae and Dinophyceae 1.26% and 0.83%, respectively. Among the Diatoms,Melosira granulata was the most dominant species with Shanon Weiner's Diversity index (H1) of 0.23 and Simpson's Dominance Index (D) of 0.017. A highly significant variation (p〈0.01) was observed in spatial distribution and seasonal distribution of most of the algaegroups, whereas taxa occurence showed no significant difference (p〉0.05) among the stations and the seasons. A total of 8 taxa zooplankton belonging to 4 genera were identified. Rotifera were the most prevelent groiup with 4 taxa, followed by Cladocera with 2 taxa, while Protozoa and Copepoda recorded 1 species each. A highly significant spatial and seasonal variation (p〈0.01) was observed in Zooplankton abundance among the stations. The Zooplankton dominance profile also showed Rotifers ranking the highest with Shanon-Weiner's Diversity index (H1) of 0.21 and Simpson's Dominance index (D) of 0.014. Correlation coefficient also showed a highly significant relationship (r=0.881); p〈0.01) between Zooplankton and Phytoplankton abundance. Also, a highly significant relationship (r=0.961; p〈0.05) existed between overall plankton distribution and abundance and water quality parameters. Alternative sources of building materials such as Fly, Ash and Industrial Hemp have been recommended inorder to reduce or eliminate the need for building purposes.
    Description: Includes: 17 references.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Environment ; Limnology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Extruded fish feed ; Aquaculture ; Intensive culture system ; freshwater environment ; automation
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  • 82
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    Effects of fermented clupeid paste as a substitute for fish meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings in hapa nets (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24652 | 19325 | 2018-05-26 12:05:02 | 24652 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The experiment was conduted to determine the effects of fermented clupeid paste as a substitute for fish meal in the diet of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings in hapa nets. Five (5) diets (40% crude protcein) containing fishmeal substituted with 0% (control), 25%, 50%, and 100% ferment clupeid paste were formulated. The fish fingerlings of mean weight 10.83 ~c 0.37g were fed to satiation at body weight twice per day for 30 days in hapa nets. It was observed at the end of the feeding trial that fish fed with 50% fermented paste along With 50%fish meal gave the highest final weight (FW = 19.29g) mean weight gain (MWG= 8.47g), daily growth (DGR =0.28g/day), specific growth rate (SGR 1.92%/day) and total fish production (TFP) of 1.93kg/m3. The feed conversion ratio of 1.47 was best in Diet l (Control). Growth was significantly affected (P〈0.05) and total fish production (TFP) among the treatments. Based on the results obtained from this experiment, 50% substitution level of fermnted clupeid paste with fish meal is considered the optimum inclusion level for the growth of African mud catfish, C. gariepinus fingerrlings production in hapa nets.
    Description: Includes: 17 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Fermented clupeid paste ; Growth and nutrient utilization ; African mud catfish ; C.gariepinus ; Hapa nets ; freshwater environment ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 341-344
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  • 83
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    Growth performance of juvenile Clarias gariepinus fed Ipomoea aquatica based diets (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24655 | 19325 | 2018-05-26 12:10:53 | 24655 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: A feeding trial was conducted to assess the replacement value of I. aquatica-based diet as dietary replacement of maize in the diets of C. gariepinus. Five isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 0% (control diet), 15% 30%, 45%, and 60% I. aquatica. Treatment was carried out in triplicate using ten C. gariepinus juvenile per replicate with mean initial weight of 9.0g. The fish at 5% body weight per day for a period of 8 weeks. The best growth response in terms of mean weight gain was obtained in 15% I. aquatica diet inclusion (35.57 ~c 3.44g), while fish fed 60% I. aquatica diet had the lowest growth response (23.80 ~c 1.18g), FCR was obtained in fish fed 60% I. aquatica (1.79 ~c 0.04), while the lowest was obtained in fish fed 15% I. aquatica. There was no significant difference (p〉0.05) in all the parameters of the treatments. The results revealed that any of the inclusion level can be used up to 60% inclusion level of I. aquatica. However, 15% inclusion level gave the best result in terms of growth.
    Description: Includes: 14 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; I. Aquatica ; Dietary ingredients ; Isonitrogenous ; Experimental diets ; Inclution levels ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 353-357
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    Haematological changes in the blood of Clarias gariepinus fed Chrysophyllum albidum seedmeal replacing maize (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24657 | 19325 | 2018-05-26 12:14:41 | 24657 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This study was conducted to investigate growth response of C. gariepinus fed diets containing C. albidum seed-meal replacing Five isonitrogenous diets containing maize which was replaced by C. albidum at a rate of 0,25, 50, 75 and 100% were made. Without C. albidum seed-meal served as the control, experimental diets were assigned randomly to the tanks and each group was fed 5% body weight in equal proportion per day. The fish fed diet 1 had the highest PCV while the fish fed diet 3 had the PCV. There was significant difference (p〈0.05) in the PCV of the fish fed various dietary treatments. However there was no difference (p〉0.05) in the PCV of the fish fed diet 2, diet 3, diet 4, diet 5. A similar trend as observed for PCV was also Hb, RBC, MCV, MCH and MCHC. There was no significant difference (p〉0.05) in the WBC of the blood of the fish fed various treatments so also were neutrophyls and lymphocytes.
    Description: Includes: 23 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; C. gariepinus ; C. albidum ; Maize ; Dietary treatment ; freshwater environment ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 362-365
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    Comparative study of proximate composition of oil extracted from African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) viscera and red palm oil (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24659 | 19325 | 2018-05-27 14:54:42 | 24659 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The proximate and fatty acid composition of oil extracted from catfish viscera C. gariepinus and red palm oil was carried out in this study, fish oil was extracted using wet rendering method. The result of the proximate composition shows moisture content of 64.81 ~c 2.37% for catfish viscera and 5.75 ~c 1.40% for red palm oil, protein content 16.40 ~c 2.66% for catfish viscera and 3.27 ~c 0.11% for red palm oil, ash content 120 ~c 0.20% and 1.04 ~c 0.30% for catfish ~c 0.10% and 50.40 ~c 0.84%, peroxide value (PV) 16.60 ~c 0.40 and 1.0 ~c 0.42% and iodine value (IV) 140.05 ~c 0.14% and 51.07 ~c 0.47% for catfish viscera and red palm oil respectively. There was significant difference (p〈 0.05) among the means of moisture, protein, lipid, PV and IV but the ash content shows no significant difference (p〈 0.05). The result of the fatty acids composition shows that red palm oil has the highest saturated palmitic acid and mono-unsaturated oleic acid 44.29% and 40.62% respectively. 10.20% palmitic acid and 6.20% oleic acid was observed in catfish oil. 3 3.26 and 8.59% linoleic acid, 1.40 and 0.40 stearic acid was observed in catfish oil and red palm oil rapeclively. Catfish oil shows dominant unsaturated linoleic and oleic acid, saturated palmitic acid and stearic acid. The result shows that catfish oil is rich in poly-unsaturated fatty acid (PUFA), which lower total serum cholesterol level.
    Description: Includes: 21 references.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Catfish ; Viscera ; Palm oil ; Fatty acid ; freshwater environment ; automation
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 371-373
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    Comparative growth response of African catfish, Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed with imported and local feeds (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24153 | 19325 | 2018-05-12 14:51:36 | 24153 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: The comparative growth response of African catfish fingerlings (Clarias gariepinus) fed with three (3) local and three (3) imported feeds was studied in the Department of Biological Sciences, Ahmadu Bello University, Zaria between September and October, 2009 with the aim of establishing the best quality feed in terms of specific growth rate, total weight and percentage survival rate for a period of 8 weeks (56 days). One hundred and twenty (120) fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus and six commercial feeds with varying crude proteins namely Chivita, Aquaplus, Vital, Skrettings, Multifeeds and Coppens were used for the experiment. Some water quality parameters analyzed indicated temperature varied from 25.50 ~'C to 28.0 ~'C while pH and dissolved oxygen ranged from 6.6 to 7.2 and 6.3mg/l to 8.2mg/l respectively. The treatment shows significant difference in terms of mean weight gain, specific growth rates and survival rate. The lowest SGR was 0.31 and 0.89 the highest. Fish fed with Chivita and Coppens showed the best growth compared to other treatments.
    Description: Includes: 3 tables.;Also includes: 14 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Katsina State ; African catfish ; Local feeds ; Imported feeds. ; freshwater environment ; Freshwater fish ; Feeding experiments ; Growth rate ; Fingerlings ; Feed ; Survival ; Fish culture ; Proteins ; Water quality ; Comparative studies
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 11-13
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    Comparative studies of the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed commercial feedstuff and live zooplankton (2021)
    FISON | Lagos (Nigeria)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/24154 | 19325 | 2018-05-12 14:54:51 | 24154 | Fisheries Society of Nigeria
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-15
    Description: This study on the growth performance of Clarias gariepinus fingerlings fed separately on zooplankton, coppens, aquaculture feed and a combination of Coppens and zooplankton lasted for 8 weeks. Ninety (90) three-week old Hatchery bred fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus used for the study were acclimated for three (3) days in a concrete tank measuring 1m x 1m and fed with fish meal, before commencement of the experiment. The fingerlings were grouped in tens into 9 concrete tanks measuring 1m x 1m x 1m. These tanks were further grouped into threes to give three treatments labelled A〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 - A〈sub〉3〈/sub〉, B〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 - B〈sub〉3〈/sub〉 and C〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 - C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉. Treatment I (A〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 - A〈sub〉3〈/sub〉) were fed with zooplankton, Treatment II (B〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 - B〈sub〉3〈/sub〉) were fed zooplankton and 3% body weight of coppens, while Treatment III (C〈sub〉1〈/sub〉 - C〈sub〉3〈/sub〉) was fed with 5% body weight of coppens only. Zooplanktons used were mainly rotifers, branchionus and Cyclops. Total length and weight of fish were measured weekly and used as growth indices. Data collected were analyzed using one way Analysis of variance and means separated by Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Results from the study revealed that Treatments II and III were not significantly different from each other (P〉0.05) for both length and weight, but were different from Treatment I (P〈0.05). Based on the result, Treatment II is preferred and is recommended, for use, as zooplankton feed supplement helps to reduce cost of production and still ensure optimal production.
    Description: Includes: 5 tables.;Also includes: 7 references.
    Keywords: Aquaculture ; Ecology ; Clarias gariepinus ; Nigeria ; Delta State ; Zooplankton ; Coopens ; Clarias gariepinus ; freshwater environment ; Growth rate ; Freshwater fish ; Feeding ; Artificial feeding ; Fingerlings ; Zooplankton ; Fish culture ; Food organisms
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: conference_item , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 14-15
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    Venomics and biological analysis of Scatophagus argus argus (Spotted scat) venom isolated in Persian Gulf, extraction and purification of hemolytic protein (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Biology
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19122 | 17408 | 2015-12-11 10:34:52 | 19122 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Green scat namely as Scatophagus argus argus is a venomous aquarium fish belonging to Scatophagidae family. It can induce painful wounds in injured hand with partial paralysis to whom that touch the spines. Dorsal and ventral rough spines contain cells that produce venom with toxic activities. According to unpublished data collected from local hospitals in southern coastal region of Iran, S. argus is reported as a venomous fish. Envenomation induces clinical symptoms such as local pain, partial paralysis, erythema and itching. In the present study green scat (spotted scat) was collected from Persian Gulf coastal waters. SDS-PAGE indicated 12 distinct bands in the venom ranged between 10-250 KDa. The crude venom had hemolytic activity on human erythrocytes (1%) with an LC100 (Lytic Concentration) of about 1.7 μg. The crude venom can release 813 μg proteins from 0.5% casein. Phospholipase C activity was recorded at 3.125 μg of total venom. Our findings showed that the edematic activity remained over 48 h after injection.The purification of the venom was done by HPLC and 30 peaks were obtained within 80 min but only one peak in 68 min retention time showed hemolytic activity at 90% acetonitril was isolated. The area percentage of the hemolytic protein showed that this hemolytic protein consist of 32 percent of total proteins and its molecular weight was 72 KDa in SDS_PAGE.The results demonstrated that crude venom extracted from Iranian coastal border has different toxic and enzymatic activities.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors:Shahla Jamili, Delavar Shahbazzadeh. Counsellors: Mohammad reza Fatemi, Behrouz Vaziri
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 124
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    Chemical ecology fatty acids of mollusks dominant species in intertidal zone of Chabahar Bay (2021)
    Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran, Marine Biology
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/19197 | 17408 | 2016-02-07 16:50:51 | 19197 | Islamic Azad University, Science and Research Branch, Tehran
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Chemical ecology is the science of study and analysis of natural chemical products in result of biochemical processes in organisms and their reactions to variations of ecological and environmental parameters.In marine chemical ecology the existence of natural products in aquatic organisms and their ecological roles in marine animals and their reactions to environmental parameters variations will be studied.Among them, fatty acids are the most various and abundant ones in natural products which had been extracted from many marine organisms such as mollusks and algae.In this study selected animals were the dominant species of mollusks in intertidal zone of chabahar bay including gastropods, bivalves and polyplacophora classes.Nerita textilis and Turbo coronatus species are among gastropoda, Saccostrea cucullata is from bivalve, and Chiton lamyi is from polyplacophora.After seasonal sampling, separation and identification of natural products of these species, fatty acids had been isolated and identified by GC mass chromatography and their seasonal variations had been identified.In addition environmental factors of the location including pH, salinity temperature, dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll a and nutrients were measured monthly.Then the effect of seasonal variations of environmental factors on fatty acids had been studied by applying statistical analysis.GC/MS resulted thirteen fatty acids, which the most importants were myristic, stearic, oleic, palmitoleic, arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids.In majority of species palmitic acid was most abundant than the others and saturatedes had the most percentage levels than unsaturated ones.Although seasonal variations of identified fatty acids was not similar in species, but the majority of unsaturated ones had their maximum during winter, while saturated acids reached their maximum in summer.Statistical Analysis showed the strong correlations between Environmental factors and some fatty acids and temperature, nitrate, silicate and pH had strong correlations in all species.The species was studied from the point of lipid content and the results showed a good quality of lipid content in the selected species in the intertidal zone of Chabahar bay.
    Description: PhD
    Description: Advisors:Peiman Eghtesadi, Ali Mashianchin Counsellors:Isa Iavari, Shahla Jamili. The full text document is in Farsi only so it has not been possible for AC Editors to check the metadata input.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Ecology
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: thesis
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 130
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