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  • Lepidoptera  (1,058)
  • kinetics  (727)
  • Springer  (1,781)
  • European Invertebrate Survey - the Netherlands, Leiden  (4)
  • Springer Science + Business Media
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Global warming and the change of butterfly distributions: a new opportunity for species diversity or a severe threat (Lepidoptera)? \nIn order to assess the influence of climatic changes on the distribution of insects, the ranges of nonmigratory European butterfly species have been studied. This study revealed that the northern limits of 32 (64%) of 52 species have expanded northwards during the 20th century. The southern limits of ten (25%) of 40 species have retracted northwards. The example of the Peacock butterfly (Inachis io) is given to illustrate the response to climatic changes of a species of which the range is not restricted by habitat choice. The northern limit of its range shows a considerable shift to the north during warm periods, and a southward retraction during cooler periods. Several other species showed the same pattern. These results are followed by a discussion of the impact of climate change on species diversity.
    Keywords: Lepidoptera ; Europe ; Changes in ranges ; Climate change ; Inachis io
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 2
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    European Invertebrate Survey - the Netherlands, Leiden
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: The apparent influence of climatic change on recent changes of range by European insects (Lepidoptera, Orthoptera) \nFor several years I have been collecting data concerning changes in the ranges of European insects, especially Lepidoptera and Orthoptera. The vast majority of those species which have altered their ranges since 1850 have spread to the north, north-west or west (e.g. 96% of the Lepidoptera expanding their ranges). Of the smaller number of species where the range has contracted, the majority (e.g. 75% of the Lepidoptera) have retreated southwards, south-westwards or south-eastwards. I have attempted to correlate these range changes with the main climatic fluctuations from 1850 to the present. Throughout this long period of predominately warming climate in Europe, those insect species which have been expanding their ranges have done so in steadily increasing numbers, especially since 1975, thus coinciding with the marked increase in temperatures worldwide associated with the anthropogenic greenhouse effect.
    Keywords: Europe ; Range change ; Insects ; Climate change ; Lepidoptera ; Orthoptera ; Greenhouse effect
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    European Invertebrate Survey - the Netherlands, Leiden
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Post-glacial dispersal strategies of Orthoptera and Lepidoptera in Europe and in the Carpathian basin \nEcologically transitional regions are characterised by high species diversity due to the overlap of species with different geographical origins caused by dispersal processes along gradients, e.g. the overlap of species belonging to different zonobiomes. The overlap of azonal communities along shortdistance gradients results in the organisation of community-complexes and landscape mosaics connected by habitat ecotones characterised by overlap of several faunal types, like Mediterranean, Balkanic, Siberian, Ponto-Caspian, Ponto-Pannonian, Turano-Eremic and Xeromontane elements in the Pannonian forest-steppe complexes. For some invertebrate groups, such as the land gastropods or some soil arthropods, the Carpathian basin contains a considerable proportion of endemic species. The eastern and southern Carpathians, together with the mountains of western Transsylvania, can be considered as core areas of survival and autochtonous evolution in some invertebrate groups with limited mobility. In mobile insect groups only peripherically isolated sibling (sub)species have evolved, which display manifold biogeographic connections, for instance to the Balkan peninsula, Asia minor or southern Russia. The distribution of Mediterranean-Manchurian bicentric faunal elements, connected to the Ponto-Caspian waterwaysystem, shows long-distance disjunctions from the eastern Asiatic taxa. Gallery forests of the Illyrian and Pannonian types and wetlands accompanying the large rivers of the Pannonian lowland have served as corridors of the northward expansion of these species. The post-glacial repopulation of the Carpathian basin from different directions has been supported by Illyrian versus Dacian vicarious pairs of sister (sub)species. Cases of vicarious \xe2\x80\x98Siberian\xe2\x80\x99- Mediterranean sibling taxa have also been established. Recent results confirm that the montane part of the range of several \xe2\x80\x98Siberian\xe2\x80\x99 boreo-montane species does not have its origin in post-glacial \xe2\x80\x98Siberian\xe2\x80\x99 invasion. Populations of some butterfly species have been studied in different geographical scales. Patterns of metapopulation structure and of genetic differentiation have been established.
    Keywords: Biogeography ; Lepidoptera ; Orthoptera ; Dispersal ; Carpathian basin
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    European Invertebrate Survey - the Netherlands, Leiden
    Publication Date: 2024-01-12
    Description: Biogeography and ecology of southern Portuguese butterflies and burnets (Lepidoptera) \nDuring several visits to the western part of the Algarve (southern Portugal), the author mapped the butterflies and burnets of this region. In total, I observed 58 butterfly species (51 Papilionoidea, 7 Hesperiidae) and 6 Zygaenidae during my observations in spring and summer. More than 80% of the species are Palaearctic faunal elements, three species are considered Holarctic, three are Nearctic and four are Palaeotropic. Around 75% of the Palaearctic species are Mediterranean faunal elements. Within the Palaearctic group, the 23 species belonging uniquely to the Atlanto- Mediterranean faunal type are by far the largest group. Siberian elements are lacking. Thus, the observed species composition is characteristic for the Atlanto-Mediterranean region. Some of the observed species can be found all over the study area, often in a variety of habitats. Other species are more or less geographically restricted. Their regional distribution patterns depend on geomorphological and ecological constraints. Several species are restricted to the limestone areas, others are limited to the acid schist and granite areas. Several species were only observed in the western coastal dunes. Some species occur exclusively in the mountain areas. Some species were not recorded along the windy western and south-western coastal areas. Several species become rare or even disappear in suitable habitats that show little diversity of the vegetation. The occurrence of many species is directly linked to one or few distinct types of vegetation like cork oak forests, deciduous forests and natural hedges along water courses, Cistus macchias, garigues on limestone, dry grasslands or hot rocky places with little vegetation.
    Keywords: Algarve ; Lepidoptera ; Hesperiidae ; Papilionidae ; Pieridae ; Lycaenidae ; Nymphalidae ; Zygaenidae ; Atlanto-Mediterranean region ; Faunal elements ; Glacial refugia ; Climatic compensation
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 26 (1987), S. 125-137 
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: vitamin C ; functions ; kinetics ; pool ; saturation ; requirements ; RDA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Bedeutung von Vitamin C für den menschlichen Organismus wird aus den wichtigen Funktionen ersichtlich, an denen das Vitamin beteiligt ist, wie zum Beispiel Kollagen- und Karnitinsynthesen. In neuerer Zeit entdeckt wurde seine Rolle bei der Noradrenalinsynthese, der Inaktivierung von freien Radikalen sowie der Verhinderung der Nitrosaminbildung. Die Vielfalt dieser Vitamin-C-abhängigen Funktionen läßt erkennen, daß die Bedarfsfestsetzung für Vitamin C nicht nur die Verhütung der Mangelkrankheit Skorbut anvisieren, sondern auch berücksichtigen sollte, daß alle diese Funktionen jederzeit genügend Vitamin C zur Verfügung haben müßten, um optimal reagieren zu können. Das Konzept der Gewebesättigung kommt diesem Ziel am nächsten. Studien mit einem kinetischen Modell haben ergeben, daß eine Sättigung mit täglicher Einnahme von 100 mg Vitamin C bei Nichtrauchern und von 140 mg bei Rauchern eintritt, Mengen, die als optimale Werte gelten können. Bei verschiedenen Krankheiten dürfte der Bedarf höher sein; die genauen Mengen müssen jedoch erst noch ermittelt werden.
    Notes: Summary The importance of vitamin C is reflected in its multifunctional roles which include participation in collagen and carnitine syntheses, promotion of iron absorption and the more recently discovered participation in noradrenaline synthesis, inactivation of free radical chain reactions, prevention of N-nitroso compound formation and more. Given the many extra-antiscorbutic functions of the vitamin, the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) should not just prevent deficiency disease but should aim at providing sufficient amounts for all vitamin C-dependent functions to operate at full capacity. The concept of vitamin C tissue saturation is best able to meet this demand. The use of kinetic models has shown that the body pool is saturated with a daily intake of 100 mg vitamin C in non-smokers and 140 mg in smokers, amounts that may be regarded as optimal RDA values. Certain disease states may be accompanied by still higher vitamin C requirements but the exact amounts are not yet known.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 188-189 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymerization ; kinetics ; redox polymerization ; acrylamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 958-964 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: a-Se colloids ; photoadsorption ; kinetics ; activation energy ; compensation effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this study, a model is developed to explain in microscopic terms the results obtained from thermally activated photoadsorption experiments in a-Se colloids. The observed compensation effect can be described for two different cases. At low efficiency adsorption, the process is controlled by the potential at the boundary layer. In the high efficiency adsorption case, the process is controlled by diffusion transport.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 366-373 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: kinetics ; isothermal crystallization ; polymer ; spherulite ; differential scanning calorimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In the DSC technique, isothermal crystallization experiments are usually performed on thin flat specimens, but their interpretation generally uses theories developed for an unbounded volume. In this paper, isothermal crystallization of spherical entities in the volume limited by two parallel infinite planes is considered. Our model, derived from Avrami's theory, gives an analytical expression for the transformed volume fraction as a function of time. It is shown that the influence of thickness becomes important when thickness becomes of the order of or smaller than the average spherulite radius. The main effects of a decreasing thickness are a slower crystallization kinetics and a decrease in the Avrami exponent. These results can be used to interpret experimental data obtained in isothermal polymer crystallization.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Phospholipid bilayer ; kinetics ; laser temperature jump ; phase transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The iodine-laser temperature-jump technique has been used to investigate the main phase transition in single shell vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. The probe molecules DPH and TMA-DPH were incorporated into the lipid bilayer and laserT-jump experiments with turbidity and flourescence polarization detection were performed. We found three well separated relaxation processes between 5 μs and 10 ms. The relaxation signals showed strong cooperativity in the relaxation times as well as in their corresponding amplituedes. We attributed the relaxation to the formation and dissolution of clusters of different order inside the bilayer.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 58-64 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymerisation ; emulsion ; styrene ; methylmethacrylate ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The dependence of emulsion polymerisation rates on a number of important parameters is considered. Attention is paid to the use of seeded emulsion systems for the evaluation of radical desorption coefficients (k o). Experimental conditions are shown to be important. When the average number of radicals per particle is low, large changes in the rate coefficient for chain termination do not have a large effect on the kinetics. With styrene and methylmethacrylate, radical re-absorption by the polymer particles is shown to be important and radical capture efficiences can be high. Consistency is established between the results of a number of workers and values fork o are shown to be lower than those calculated from chain transfer rates.
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