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  • Articles  (38,912)
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  • Emerald  (3,512)
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (38,912)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An improved self-adaptive filter forecasting method (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 10 (1999), S. 113-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This paper improved the self-adaptive filter-forecasting model that is one of deterministic constant parameter forecasting models. An attenuation/gain function is drawn into a direct iteration search method that belongs to the multi-variables extreme value research based on the optimization theory, so that it combines the quantitative methods with the qualitative analysis by the experts and increases the explanatory ability and simulation level of the original model. As an empirical study, the authors applied the improved method to the forecasting of the middle-term demand for cellular phones in China.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069910257581
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Agile concurrent engineering (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 10 (1999), S. 103-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: On the basis of analyzing the drawbacks of the existing concurrent engineering (CE), a new concept of agile concurrent engineering (ACE) characterized by the agile teams is presented. The organization method of the agile teams is discussed. The implementation and quantitative process modeling problems of ACE are dealt with. Contrasted with the existent CE, ACE puts the problems of resource sharing into special consideration. Its realization requires as little reform of the current organizational structures of enterprises as possible. ACE is more applicable to the product development in firms, especially in medium-sized or small companies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069910257572
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional requirements of manufacturing planning and control systems in medium-sized batch manufacturing companies (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 10 (1999), S. 136-146 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This paper describes the use of a set of manufacturing planning and control (MPC) system activities for assessing the functionality suitable in individual companies. Field studies were carried out in medium-sized batch manufacturing companies and the set of activities was used to investigate the functionality and level of computer support suitable in each case. The field studies verified the set of activities and the findings were used to refine the activities and identify additional activities to be included in the set. The field studies were also used to develop detailed reasons why each activity was considered relevant or not relevant. From the field studies it was possible to conclude that the overall type of company (i.e. make-to-order (MTO), make-to-stock (MTS), etc.) was not in itself sufficient to predict which activity would be relevant to a particular company. It is proposed that there are numerous reasons why an activity is relevant or not relevant and that it is the detailed characteristics of the individual company which are important in reaching this decision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069910264394
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identifying integration types for requirement analysis in CIM development (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 10 (1999), S. 170-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents the second phase of a computer- assisted methodology for requirement and design analysis stages of implementing CIM within small and medium-size enterprises (SME). The main objective is to cover informational and functional analysis during the CIM system life-cycle. The methodology aims at using limited expertise, limited staff, and expenditure, making it especially suited for introducing CIM in SMEs. The paper emphasises the integration aspects of the methodology as the key factors in the requirement and design analysis stages of the implementation of CIM. Integration has been taken as the need to have some form of operational collaboration between two or more functions. Four types of integration have been identified for reducing the complexity of data communications and for narrowing the gap between analysis and implementation phases. A computer-supported information requirement analysis tool has been developed for implementing the methodology. A case study was carried out in the apparel industry to test the methodology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069910264439
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Manufacturing classifications: relationships with production control systems (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 10 (1999), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Since the early 1970s, production planning systems have evolved from material requirements planning (MRP) through manufacturing resource planning (MRPII) into enterprise resource planning (ERP) with simultaneous development of related control systems such as theory of constraints (epitomised by OPT), just-in-time (JIT), etc. One key area for all manufacturing companies is the planning and control function. There is a wide range of generic proprietary software available that aims to meet a company's planning and scheduling requirements. The difficulty experienced by many companies is not only in examining available software, but also in understanding the match between business needs and the capabilities of that software. This paper first sets out some common manufacturing classification systems, then attempts to map them against accepted paradigms for production planning and control approaches. Analysis confirms the need for a more rigorous approach to software selection, and the need for a complete understanding of the drivers of the production control process before this can be achieved. The paper goes on to discuss a method for mapping these drivers, with the aim being to create a series of reference models for production planning and scheduling.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069910280431
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An integrated approach to autonomous maintenance management (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 10 (1999), S. 233-243 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This paper describes work undertaken to support an integrated approach to the autonomous maintenance management of machine tools and flexible manufacturing systems. The work described was initiated as part of a collaborative research project, funded under the European Community Eureka Maine project initiative as EU744: Integrated Condition and Machining Process Monitoring System for Flexible Manufacturing Systems and for Stand-alone CNC Machine Tools. The paper considers the steps needed to develop and implement truly autonomous machine tool maintenance management systems, and outlines the benefits which can be obtained from such approaches. The systems described have been deployed within collaborating industrial partners, each of whom is an existing user of advanced manufacturing technology. Their impact on these manufacturing systems is considered, with reference to the improvements in overall equipment effectiveness (OEE). The paper cites the improvements made in relation to specific flexible manufacturing cells as justification for the outlined system improvements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069910280611
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Highly constrained multi-facility warehouse management system using a GIS platform (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 10 (1999), S. 221-233 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: In this paper, the authors describe a geographical information system (GIS)-based software system for managing and integrating multi-facility warehousing and production systems that are distributed within a relatively large geographical area. The development of the software system is motivated by a unique warehousing environment at the Pine Bluff Arsenal in Pine Bluff, Arkansas. The arsenal scenario is characterized by a novel set of highly limiting warehouse constraints. Although motivated by this unique problem, the software system has been designed to maximize technology transfer capability into diverse general warehouse settings. The paper presents motivation, describes features, and demonstrates the efficacy of operations using the software system. The system is verified and validated in a case study setting. It is demonstrated that the GIS platform offers unique capabilities that enhance problem solutions. In conclusion, the paper offers a contribution to the literature by presenting the use of GIS as an integration strategy in an exciting new area of application.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069910280567
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparative study of six stage-gate approaches to product development (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 10 (1999), S. 289-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Some companies to aid the product development process have implemented a stage-gate framework, as a high-level representation of the activities required. Such a framework allows the development process to be closely monitored and controlled, using stages of work and review gates. Six different companies have been examined to show the variations in representation. Each approach was compared to a generic four-staged framework. Companies which are organised mainly in cross-functional teams adhere strongly to the four stages, namely a low-phased approach. However, companies organised with a strong functional structure tend to have more phases and gates within each stage, i.e. a high-phased approach. These additional phases tend to be placed late in the product development process rather than at the start where their effect would be greater. A generic representation of the product development process applicable to various organisations and industrial sectors, provides an architecture for carrying out any business process improvement project.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069910371106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A simulation study of WIP inventory drive systems and their effect on financial measurements (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 10 (1999), S. 306-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This simulation study explores and compares the potential benefits of three work-in-process (WIP) inventory drive systems and their associated inventory buffer characteristics. The three inventory drives are a push, a pull and a hybrid push/pull system. While these systems have some aspects in common, their buffer management systems vary. The statistical analysis associated with the study was based on data gathered from three computer simulated flow-shop assembly line environments. Hypotheses concerning the financial performance measurements were established. The independent variables were controlled and manipulated for each of the models. From the statistical analysis, a conclusion was drawn as to which system would afford the operation optimum results. While inventory has traditionally been considered and is currently being shown as an asset from an accounting point of view, it is obvious from the findings of this study, that excess WIP inventory, above the minimal requirements for production, will have a negative effect on the financial measurements evaluated in this study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069910285265
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Towards the development of an intelligent inventory management system (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 10 (1999), S. 354-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This paper is concerned with the development of an intelligent inventory management system which aims at bridging the substantial gap between the theory and the practice of inventory management. The proposed system attempts to achieve this by providing automatic demand and lead time pattern identification and model selection facilities. The process of demand pattern identification together with the statistical tests used is discussed. The models incorporated cover deterministic demand models including: constant, quasi-constant, trended and seasonal demand as well as stochastic demand models. This paper includes an empirical evaluation of the system on real data from the manufacturing and airline industries which shows that this system can lead to significant savings in inventory cost.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069910293022
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The assessment of work organization in lean production: the relevance of the worker's perspective (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 11 (2000), S. 6-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Argues that the way work organization in lean production environments is assessed depends heavily on the choice of the variables that are adopted to ascertain the degree of innovation in the workplace. Many studies evaluate the change in work organization observing only those elements which are functional for the just-in-time production principles while excluding crucial dimensions that characterize the working situation from the worker's perspective. Moreover, besides the choice of the variables employed to ascertain the degree of innovation in work organization, the method adopted for measuring these variables would seem to be critical if one wishes to bring to light what is hidden behind the popular terms like team, empowerment, problem-solving groups, quality circles, etc. Suggests that only a research approach which is able to give "thick descriptions" of workplaces can reveal the "reality of working" within lean production systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060010303622
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Engineering design change management (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 11 (2000), S. 74-77 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Outlines the economic consequences of changes that are made during the design process and manufacture. Computer and paper based systems are considered, and the advantages of a computer based system are discussed. Experience in the use of a computer based system in a company is reviewed with respect to the sources of design changes, the control of design changes and the benefits gained. The use of bespoke and proprietary software is briefly discussed. Notes that engineering design change management plays an essential role in successful manufacturing organisations. Also notes that the bespoke system described has led to a considerable improvement in the company's change control process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060010303686
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Make vs buy vs partnership in distributing commodities: a case study and a methodology (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 11 (2000), S. 112-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This paper deals with the decision making about the strategic alternatives for distributing a commodity - the bulk cement - characterised by an extremely high incidence of the transportation costs. It is based on the case of Italcementi Group (ITC), the largest European producer of cement, leader in Italy with a share higher than 30 per cent and growing abroad through acquisitions and foreign direct investment in Europe, North America, Middle East and North Africa. This paper shows a methodology to select the most suitable alternative between own account, hire and reward and long-term partnership to distribute basic commodities, given the existing manufacturing base (facility locations are given). The methodology takes into account the context of the local markets and supply of logistic services and considers multiple performance criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060010314080
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Hayes-Wheelwright framework approach for strategic management of third party logistics services (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 11 (2000), S. 132-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Third party logistics services have a significant role to play in the current trend of outsourcing of the logistics function. From the third party logistics service provider's perspective, the provider must seek to manage itself strategically in order to win an increasing share of the outsourcing pie. In this paper, we extend the Hayes-Wheelwright framework for strategic manufacturing management to the strategic management of third party logistics service providers. A Singapore-based case example is provided within this context to illustrate the relevance of the Hayes-Wheelwright framework. The case also gives a glimpse into the strategic thinking and practices of a leading Singapore-based service provider in terms of its vision and strategy in building the logistics superhighway within the Asia Pacific Region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060010314125
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Strategy and continuous improvement in small-to-medium Australian manufacturers (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 11 (2000), S. 171-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: While Australian firms have generally recognised the value of continuous improvement (CI) in improving performance, many have yet to develop systems to ensure that the efforts of the CI program are focussed on issues of strategic importance to the company. In fact, as recognised in operations management generally, CI activities can have a significant impact on the development of strategy as well as its implementation. The research reported here uses a CI mapping methodology to chart the relationship between CI and strategy in small- to medium-sized manufacturers. Analysis of the link between the firms' strategies and CI programs indicates that most firms involved in the study made little attempt to link the two and some appear to be unaware of any need to do so. However, such findings seem to be dependent on company size, the maturity of the CI program and the competitive position of the firm. The paper also includes an examination of the role of operations and shopfloor CI in company strategy, particularly as related to SMEs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060010320399
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intelligent systems in manufacturing: current developments and future prospects (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 11 (2000), S. 218-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Global competition and rapidly changing customer requirements are demanding increasing changes in manufacturing environments. Enterprises are required to constantly redesign their products and continuously reconfigure their manufacturing systems. Traditional approaches to manufacturing systems do not fully satisfy this new situation. Many authors have proposed that artificial intelligence (AI) will bring the flexibility and efficiency needed by manufacturing systems. This paper is a review of AI techniques used in manufacturing systems. The paper first defines the components of a simplified intelligent manufacturing systems (IMS), the different AI techniques to be considered and then shows how these AI techniques are used for the components of IMS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060010326221
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Forecasting demand and inventory management using Bayesian time series (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 11 (2000), S. 331-339 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Discusses the development and evaluation of a forecasting model for inventory management in an advanced technology batch production environment. Traditional forecasting and inventory management do not adequately address issues relating to a short life cycle and to non-seasonal products with a relatively long lead time. Limited historical data (fewer than 100 observations) is also a problem in predicting short-term dynamic or unstable time series. A Bayesian dynamic linear time series model is proposed as an alternative technique for forecasting demand in a dynamically changing environment. Provides details of the important characteristics and development process of the forecasting model. A case study is then presented to illustrate the application of the model based on data from a multinational company in Singapore. It also compares the Bayesian dynamic linear time series model with a classical forecasting model (auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) model).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060010335609
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Supply chain dynamics and optimization (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 11 (2000), S. 348-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: An increase in business overheads due to the enterprise dynamics is postulated to be a cubic function of the area between the actual response of a company in the supply chain and a theoretical neutral axis, where demand equals supply. Reduction of these dynamics has become critical to the competitiveness of the company and even the whole supply chain. The impact of seven causal factors on the dynamic performance of a generic supply chain simulation with reference to the beer game is studied, guidelines for supply chain re-engineering in order to reduce such dynamics are provided, and coordination dynamics in networking organizational structure are identified. It is then shown that reduction of coordination dynamics is an alternative solution to structural re-engineering, e.g. shortening manufacturing and transport lead times. Explores the dynamic performance of both centralized and decentralized coordination mechanisms and proposes that there is no essential difference in performance; the latter is more flexible and allows for autonomy of different companies if it is well coordinated. Finally, proposes a decentralized coordination method by using a market mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060010335627
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance evaluation of new product development from a company perspective (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 12 (2001), S. 368-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The importance of performance measurement is generally recognized in the literature and by industry. However, the adequacy of metrics applicable to different aspects of the organization does not appear to have been addressed. Provides fresh insight to fill some of the knowledge gaps in this area with particular focus on evaluating product development performance from a company perspective. Also presents insights gained from ten company-based longitudinal case studies, which formed one essential part of a much larger research project with details of the other aspects of the project in Driva.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005714
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
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    Managing the product design process: exchanging knowledge and experiences (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 13 (2002), S. 91-96 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: States that the design process includes redesigning, which implies that customer requirements, their scrutiny of the design outcome and their experiences are integral to the frame of reference of the enterprise. Furthermore, the role of design function is redefined here, and becomes one, which will maintain the continuity of the process and is to do with co-ordination and communication; that is, between designers, suppliers and customers. Traditional organizational structures and approaches inadequately address the context, which is conducive for parallelism and co-operation and so on. This article explores the dynamics of the relationship between suppliers and customers regarding the design process in the manufacturing sector and proposes some scenarios for rethinking the dynamics of the interface and its role in shaping the design process. The arguments are evidenced and supported by a set of case examples conducted by the authors. Draws some lessons from these examples and speculates on the managerial and organizational implications.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060210415419
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  • 21
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    A study on Sun Pin's art of business management strategies matching the MBNQA criteria for business competitiveness (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 13 (2002), S. 386-407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The recent growth of interests in applying the Chinese art of warfare to complement the Western style of management process suggested that an integrated business model that combined the Western scientific management and ancient Chinese wisdom could be an effective tool for gaining strategic advantages, especially for companies that want to share the newly opened markets in mainland China. Among all, Sun Tzu's The Art of War has been widely adopted and applied in various business areas. However, there are few presentations with strategic models. Moreover, works on his successor, Sun Pin, are limited particularly to the area of applying his art of warfare in gaining strategic advantages and transforming business crisis into opportunities. While various business and quality management models at national level have been established by various countries to emphasise their differences in economic development and culture, models of similar type that make use of the ancient Chinese wisdom are not available either in Hong Kong or in China. As China has become a member of the WTO, a national model that framed both the Chinese management philosophy and Western management wisdom would certainly help in driving local and international enterprises for business competitiveness. This paper is therefore a first attempt to investigate the applicability of Sun Pin's The Art of Warfare for business management strategies by amalgamating the Western wisdom and the Chinese art of warfare.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060210436641
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  • 22
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    Innovation as the basis of ownership and the creation of wealth? (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 13 (2002), S. 425-434 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Puts forward the view that the creative and innovative process with which wealth is created should also belong to the innovators, not just the financial investors. Innovation processes primarily arise from the hearts of the innovators, who over the years have not been adequately compensated in terms of share ownership, and only in recent years the influx of stock options to these generators of growth and wealth has been seen as one means of making up for that difference. In entrepreneurial firms this arrangement is well understood and the founder-entrepreneur is compensated with stocks. As the organizations become larger, this innovative perspective begins to dissipate, to the extent that one forgets to pay attention and identify innovators in one's organization, who have been innovating products to meet the demands of the market and, in turn, allow the organization to continue for another day. As a result, it has been forgotten that one key role of the board of directors should be the harnessing of the innovative energies in the workforce, such that wealth can continue to be created. Presents a perspective with regard to innovation and how, by rewarding and tightening the link between innovation and share ownership, one is in fact rewarding the creation of wealth, particularly in this ever-changing knowledge economy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060210436687
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  • 23
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    An application of fuzzy sets to process performance evaluation (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 13 (2002), S. 237-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The successfulness of total quality management is dependent on the initiative of employees to apply their problem solving techniques continuously. However, the performance evaluation is quite subjective since it relies on the individual judgements of supervisors who have different perceptions of the process performance. This paper presents a performance measurement system to determine the priority in execution of quality improvement according to the performances of processes. Using a model containing a set of strategy-related performance measures, misdirection of implementation of improvement projects due to subjective evaluation of process performance can be reduced. A fuzzy set of quality measures is introduced to calculate numerical quality rating for processes. The model is simulated and experimented on with a conventional improvement implementation practice. It is expected that the proposed model is superior in the major competitive capabilities including quality, cost flexibility, delivery reliability and speed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060210426930
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    Design agility and manufacturing responsiveness on the Web (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 13 (2002), S. 328-339 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This paper is to investigate a Web-based engineering approach to enable engineers to use, share, and simulate effectively and efficiently design and manufacturing data through the World Wide Web. The enabling techniques to implement such an approach are critically discussed with an example based on a tolerancing application and two Java-based machining simulators for e-manufacturing purposes, as well as an example of real-time 3D implementation. The outcome of this research is for helping designers and manufacturing engineers to be able accurately to make the right decisions for their respective purposes.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060210429784
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  • 25
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    Implementing strategies successfully (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 13 (2002), S. 415-418 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The paper presents the key findings of a study on strategy implementation. A qualitative study of 298 interviews was conducted in 12 service organizations. In the paper, the key findings are introduced, and the challenges of strategic communication and action, the identification of and support for strategic actors, and structure and systems aligned with strategy, are discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060210436669
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    Integrating EI/TQM efforts for performance improvement: a model (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 13 (2002), S. 447-458 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Many empirical studies verify that a positive correlation exists between employee involvement (EI) and total quality management (TQM) practices. Substantial EI/TQM efforts are beginning to appear in organizations of different sizes and business nature, but there is little general agreement concerning the versatility of EI/TQM planning and implementation. This paper examines the prerequisites of the EI/TQM integration, and proposes a generic EI/TQM implementation model that assists organizations to safeguard their improvement efforts. The construct of the proposed model is built in line with the system frameworks and assessment criteria of the Baldrige Award. The paper also elaborates the essential ingredients of the model, and proposes a 14-step guideline that facilitates the EI and TQM implementation with organizational strategies. An implementation case of EI/TQM efforts is presented along with a discussion of the applicability of the model.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060210442626
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    Limiting design criterion analysis of a relay type production line (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 13 (2002), S. 459-470 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This research provides an ergonomic analysis of the bucket brigade production line and identifies the potential ergonomic risk factors that may result from the utilization of this production technique. Biomechanical and physiological data of the workers was collected while they worked on the traditional and bucket brigade production lines. The research identifies that while the production level of the bucket brigade system may be higher than the traditional production line, its procedure required significantly less energy expenditure by the operators. However, the difficulty and amount of work experienced by the last worker in the bucket brigade line may cause productivity problems and promote a high turnover rate at that station, and thus is the limiting design criterion of the bucket brigade production methodology from a human factors perspective.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060210442635
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    Robotic grasping: gripper designs, control methods and grasp configurations - a review of research (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 13 (2002), S. 520-531 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The application of robots to industrial problems often requires grasping and manipulation of the work piece. The robot is able to perform a task adequately only when it is assigned proper tooling and adequate methods of grasping and handling work pieces. The design of such a task requires an in-depth knowledge of several interrelated subjects including: gripper design, force, position, stiffness and compliance control and grasp configurations. In this paper, we review the research finding on these subjects in order to present in a concise manner, which can be easily accessed by the designers of robot task, the information reported by the researchers, and identify based on the review, future research directions in these areas.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060210442978
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    The holonic enterprise: a model for Internet-enabled global manufacturing supply chain and workflow management (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 13 (2002), S. 538-550 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Merges the latest results obtained by the holonic manufacturing systems (HMS) consortium with the latest developed standards for platform interoperability released by the Foundation for Intelligent Physical Agents (FIPA) to propose a novel e-business model: the holonic e-enterprise (HE). The HE extends both the HMS and FIPA models. On one side it extends the holonic manufacturing paradigm with one top level, the inter-enterprise one. On the other side it extends the multi-agent system (MAS) paradigm to the hardware (physical machine) level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060210448125
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    Internationalisation and evolution of manufacturing systems: classic process models, new industrial issues, and academic challenges (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 14 (2003), S. 357-368 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Based on both the observations of case studies during the last few years and on action research work on the global manufacturing strategy development, this paper introduces another type of evolutionary process that looks at the internationalisation of manufacturing systems. The paper seeks to explore the new driving forces and responses of manufacturing systems in terms of their static architectures, dynamic mechanisms, and strategic capabilities in the evolutionary process. Reviews those internationalization models developed during the last 25 years, as well as reviewing manufacturing globalisation over the last 15 years, to gain a comprehensive picture about the international manufacturing system (IMS). Based on the empirical observations of industrial issues and the difficulties faced, a new research framework is proposed that will tackle the wider issues in international manufacturing, covering the manufacturing value creation process, internationalisation process, and inter-firm collaboration formation process. Argues that it is important for future research to develop the strategy process to synthesise the three dimensions of the IMS.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576060310469734
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    Integrated Architecture for Assembly Planning in an Electronics Manufacturing Environment (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 77-86 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Presents an integrated approach to assembly planning for manufacturingprinted circuit boards (PCBs). The integrated manufacturing assemblyplanning system (IMAPS) is a system that incorporates knowledge-basedtechniques to assist process engineers with the development of assemblyplans for building PCBs. IMAPS has been developed in a two-year projectwith a multinational telecommunications manufacturer and the AlbertaResearch Council of Canada. The scope of IMAPS is to develop anintegrated environment that takes full advantage of electronicinformation for assembly planning of PCBs. Several functions in thecompany can be integrated with IMAPS, including product design, detailedassembly planning, line balancing and generation of shop floor drawings.Information stored in the manufacturing and design databases of thecorporation, about a PCB to be assembled, is employed by aknowledge-based module to generate assembly plans to build the PCB. Aline balancing procedure is employed to select the most adequateassembly plan of those generated by the knowledge-based module. Thefinal assembly plan is then presented to the operators as a diagram withinstructions for the assembly of the PCB. IMAPS has increased the speedto generate assembly plans from 120 hours to four hours. The finalcomputer-aided assembly planning system implemented in the company hastaken the concepts developed in IMAPS; they have been implemented in Cand C++. Lessons and experiences learned while developing andimplementing IMAPS are presented.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069410815774
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    Measuring the production range flexibility of a FMS (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 6 (1995), S. 27-34 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: In order to ensure that the introduction of a flexiblemanufacturing system confers overall benefits to a company there is aneed to be able to measure quantitatively and then control flexibilitylevels. Initially identifies the various types and levels of flexibilitythat are important to a manufacturing concern. Identifies productionrange flexibility as that defining the universe of part types that amanufacturing system can process. Proposes a methodology that willenable probability measures to be established for each type offlexibility that contributes to the production range flexibility of amanufacturing system. In addition measuring flexibilities in terms ofprobabilities enables quantitative relationships to be establishedbetween levels of flexibility. Concludes that the result is anintegrated system for measuring flexibility that can be used at both thestrategic and operational planning and control levels.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069510082129
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    Strategic issues and policy of CIM adoption in the transition period of the Czech Republic (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 6 (1995), S. 13-17 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Discusses industrial automation in pre- and post-1989Czechoslovakia. Managerial effort in the centrally planned economy wasconcentrated primarily on achieving and exceeding volume targets.Quality, flexibility, and consumer needs were secondary considerations.The incentives for automation within company top management wererelatively low. Strategic decision making was done by governmentalbodies and the criteria for implementation of automation were noteconomic, but political. Analyses the penetration of numericallycontrolled machines, robots, flexible manufacturing systems (FMS) andcomputer aided design/manufacturing (CAD/CAM) and shows that it did notfollow the logistic curve because of a lack of computer integratedmanufacturing (CIM) technologies in former Council for Mutual EconomicAssistance (CMEA) countries. Discusses the nature of managers'resistance and how to overcome it.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069510086099
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    Designing market-oriented production systems: theory and practice (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 6 (1995), S. 4-15 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The aim of many publications on the subject of market-orientedproduction systems has been first to help practitioners to withstand theincreasing pressure on production, and second to encourage academia toinvestigate empirically the manufacturing strategy concept. Whereas theformer aim is gradually being achieved, empirical research into the waycompanies formulate and implement their manufacturing strategies and theeffects of that process on success in the market-place is relativelyscarce. Consequently, although, there are several useful conceptsreported in the literature, a validated model that covers all therelevant insights management need to conduct the manufacturing strategyprocess effectively is still lacking. Aims, through the research, totake a step towards such a model. Presents this model, discusses itsbackground, in particular the prerequisites of a model to be useful formanagement, assesses its validity using the results of 19 case studies,and indicates directions for further research needed to improve theutility of the model for management.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069510147109
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    Tool management in flexible manufacturing systems (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 6 (1995), S. 26-35 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Describes a systematic way to design and develop a genericrelational model for a tool management system in FMS. Reviews the needfor tool database management in FMS and discusses the advantages.Highlights the requirements for a successful tool database and presentsa systematic way to design and develop a relational tool database. Thedeveloped tool database is implemented by using the ORACLE databasemanagement system. Finally, presents four demonstration runs.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069510088943
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    Concept design assessment from specified user needs (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 6 (1995), S. 30-36 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The actual success or failure of a product is measurable partiallyin terms of the commercial success of the organization producing it.Addresses how to estimate that success at the concept stage of thedesign process, prior to detailed design, when there is not yet aphysical artefact, and no definite knowledge of how the market willrespond to it, but simply some representation of it, for example, designdrawings and 3-D models. Describes a method for approaching this problemby establishing attributes (in "user terms") which a productmust have to enable it to achieve success. Presents an example of atoothbrush, determines the measurable attributes required from thisproduct and describes methods for their evaluation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069510086125
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    Status monitoring and error recovery in flexible manufacturing systems (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 6 (1995), S. 43-48 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The automated manufacturing systems of the future can only befeasible if they have capabilities to recover automatically from faultsand errors effectively and efficiently. Reports on the work carried outlooking at error recovery problems in manufacturing cell controllers.Cell control systems also invariably manage and schedule work in anautomated cell as well as carrying out the general tasks ofcommunications, sequencing and recording. Presents a model for errorrecovery capability which uses system information, data and priorknowledge of errors to recover from system errors. Elucidates thestructure and operation of the cell controller developed. Work so farhas shown promise in achieving automatic recovery capability in cellcontrol systems. Finally identifies further developments for futurework.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069510088961
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    Reporting requirements and performance measures in integrated approximate factory modelling (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 6 (1995), S. 4-12 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Simulation is an established method of predicting, in detail, theperformance of manufacturing systems at the shop or cell level. Recentdevelopments in computer hardware and software technology, combined withmethodologies for approximate modelling, allow the extension ofsimulation to modelling of complete factories or manufacturingenterprises. Such applications require appropriate performance measures,possibly different from those generated in more detailed simulation, tobe derived from the models. Examines the performance measures which canbe usefully predicted by such models, their relationship with oneanother, and their propagation through the hierarchical structure offactory management systems. Applies practically the taxonomy ofperformance measures derived to industrial case studies, and includes abrief example of application.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069510093424
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    A strategic approach to integrated product design for small - to medium-sized companies (1995)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 6 (1995), S. 39-44 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Examines the research of integrated product design. Several designstrategies and methodologies have been proposed, yet none of them isparticularly suitable for small-to medium-sized enterprises. Developsstrategies of integrated product design for small- to medium-sizedcompanies through the studies of the Hong Kong toy manufacturingindustry. These include strategies for the product design, the assemblysystem design and computer-aided tools. Uses a case study to illustratesome of the concepts of the integrated product design. Finally,discusses the application and limitations of the proposed integratedproduct design methodology.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069510093460
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    Establishing a strategic framework for improving productivity (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 7 (1996), S. 12-21 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Deals with the construction of a strategic framework for improving the productivity of firms. Productivity improvement (PI) has become an important aspect of organizations striving for a major share in international markets. New productivity improvement strategies facilitate an increase in the awareness of PI in present day organizations and help to set-up an appropriate framework for the management of productivity. Presents a strategic approach for improving productivity and guidelines for establishing productivity measurement criteria.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069610125067
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    Finite capacity scheduling tools: observations of installations offer some lessons (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 7 (1996), S. 34-38 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Investigates the efficiency of finite capacity scheduling tools within companies which employ them. Presents research findings of the Liverpool STS Research Group into "best practice" in short-term scheduling. Concludes with a list of key points drawn from the research.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069610125085
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    Implementing team-based cells in Australia: a configurational process approach (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 7 (1996), S. 47-59 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Considers the Smart Manufacturing Techniques project designed to implement team-based manufacturing cells in participating Australian companies. Draws on case studies of the three participating groups to explore the nature of socio-technical implementation processes. Argues that an improved understanding of socio-technical systems is needed, and that action research is the best method to do that. Concludes by presenting a configuration process model and applies this to show how it can illuminate the implementation of team-based cells in the three case study companies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069610129919
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    Product variety strategy - an environmental perspective (1996)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 7 (1996), S. 24-29 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Argues that the dichtomy between greater product variety to meet market requirement and a smaller range to save costs has always led to controversy among top executives. Researchers of different disciplines have approached the study of product variety in great depth but none of their work includes environmental considerations. Reports on a survey in Hong Kong which provides empirical evidence of the relationship between product variety and market performance. Concludes first, that previous work has seldom discussed the issues of product variety from an environmental perspective; second, that great product variety leads to irresponsible consumption patterns, i.e. waste; and, third, that firms have not considered the environmental impacts in formulating their product variety strategies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069610151158
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    Automated Process Planning System for Turned Parts (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 41-47 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Presents a description of an automated manufacturing process planning(AMPP) system developed by the US Army Missile Command (MICOM) atRedstone Arsenal, Alabama, that integrates computer aided design,computer aided process planning and computer aided manufacturingsystems. The AMPP system automatically generates process plans andnumerical control code to fabricate turned cylindrical parts. The AMPPsystem is available for demonstration at the AIDT Alabama Center forAdvanced Technology Transfer (ACATT) in Huntsville.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069410069530
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    Strategic Implications of Manufacturing Cell Formation Design (1994)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 5 (1994), S. 87-96 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Cell formation design in cellular manufacturing systems (CMS) has beenthe focus of recent manufacturing research literature. A great amount ofresearch has been published addressing either technical issues (e.g.part-machine grouping algorithms) or operational issues (e.g. planningand scheduling in the CMS). Research addressing strategic issues in cellformation design has been minimal. Addresses strategic considerations incell formation design, specifically, the linkage and relationshipsbetween specific cell design issues and the firm's competitive advantagein the marketplace. It is demonstrated that cell formation designdecisions must be addressed in alignment with the firm's strategic planand manufacturing competitive priorities.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069410069567
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    Adaptive simulation of a keyboard assembly cell (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 8 (1997), S. 50-58 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Describes the development of an adaptive simulation model for a keyboard assembly cell for real-time decision support. Discusses the architecture of the modelling and control system, including the movement of entities and conveyors, describing how up to four different keyboard types may be modelled, with a PC cell controller continually monitoring the state changes of the assembly line, passing the data captured to the simulation model created in ARENA.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710158808
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    Training and empowerment improve performance: a case study (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 8 (1997), S. 90-102 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Presents a case study, based on semi-structured interviews and shopfloor observations, of an optical fibre manufacturer in the North of England which has recently been taken over by a German company. The company was a traditional manufacturing organization, hierarchical and functional, characterized by tension between management, supervisors and workforce. Despite a healthy order book and low labour costs management perceived a threat from European competitors who provided faster delivery and higher quality. Management introduced teamworking and empowerment and achieved some success in solving the problems; in effect it changed from a modern to a postmodern organization. Although theory corresponds with practice to some extent, explores some areas in which theory and practice seem mismatched. Casts doubt on the transferability of this company's expertise to its German parent.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710165774
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    Geometric analysis of parts from a 3-D solid model for manual assembly times (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 8 (1997), S. 137-146 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Presents the development of an AutoCAD development system (ADS) application program for the automatic analysis of parts in mechanical assembly. The primary goal is to provide design engineers with a tool for extracting the part's characteristics from the 3-D solid model AutoCAD database. With this information and other non-geometric information, the time for assembling the part can be determined. Describes the algorithms used to evaluate the rotational symmetries from the solid model database. Twelve 3-D solid models are designed to evaluate the program capabilities. The overall performance of the program is satisfactory in terms of speed. It also provides a low-cost PC-based, fully-functional alternative to the more expensive workstation-based analysis program.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710181956
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    A report on the UK cell control marketplace (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 8 (1997), S. 181-184 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Describes a 1995 market survey of 21 UK vendors and users of cell control systems. The market data were collected via the use of a questionnaire which elicited views on: functional requirements of cell controllers; benefits realized through applying cell control technology; operational requirements of cell controllers; factors which constrain the industrial use of cell control technology; and the scale of the cell controller market. The results provide a useful indication of the current size of the UK cell control marketplace and the main areas in which such systems have been successfully applied. They also outline a set of outstanding industrial requirements, knowledge of which can help shape the agendas of research and vendor communities which currently seek to develop the next generation of cell control systems.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710181992
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    Cellular decomposition of manufacturing facilities using resource elements (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 8 (1997), S. 215-222 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The decomposition of production facilities into efficient cells is one of the areas attracting increasing research attention due to the performance benefits which cellular manufacturing offers. One of the problems associated with cell formation is the restrictive character of the existing task formalization models resulting in most cases from the use of single machine tool routeings in representing the component requirements. In contrast, the industrial reality provides a more complex picture with multiple choice of processing routeings in terms of available machine alternatives which need to be considered in order to achieve an "optimum" cellular decomposition of manufacturing facilities. Presents a facility decomposition approach based on multiple choice of processing alternatives for each component. The decision making is based on a generic description of the component processing routeings using unique machine capability patterns - "resource elements". Manufacturing cells are formed using concurrent fuzzy clustering methodology and a validation procedure for selection of the "optimum" facility partition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710182036
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    A hierarchical model of business competence (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 8 (1997), S. 265-272 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Although widely used, the concept of business competence is not well defined. Proposes a hierarchical model which integrates the different types of competence which have appeared in the operations and general management literature in recent years. Proposes two new types of competence to complete the model, with illustrative examples from the Management Today/ Cranfield Best Factory Awards database.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710179715
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    Transferring manufacturing technology to China: supplier perceptions and acquirer expectations (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 8 (1997), S. 283-291 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Results of complementary surveys of foreign and Chinese manufacturing enterprises with respect to their objectives and expectations regarding technology transfer into China show that the major strategic objective of foreign enterprises, to gain access to the Chinese market, fits well with Chinese enterprises' main objective of improving domestic competitiveness but less well with that of accessing world markets through technology transfer. Foreign firms rate highly the capability of Chinese enterprises to learn new technologies and also find the Chinese macro environment for business favourable. The survey results provide information that will help managers with their negotiations on co-operating with prospective partners for the transfer of technology as well as assisting policy makers who wish to facilitate more effective transfer arrangements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710179733
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    Strategically flexible production and the extra-firm infrastructures: how regions become attractive (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 8 (1997), S. 333-346 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Many post-Fordist experiences seem nowadays to converge on an emerging manufacturing paradigm that the authors have named strategically flexible production (SFP). The process of diffusion and assimilation of SFP is influenced by extra-firm factors and country-specific conditions. Explores the role of regional infrastructures and services to support the adoption and running of manufacturing systems that are oriented to the SFP. Uses the case of Lombardy, one of the most industrialized regions in Europe, as the empirical field of investigation. Discusses ten cases studies in three industries - electronic, textile and mechanical - in order to identify the needs for extra-firm infrastructures at the company level. In-depth evidence provides insights on the demand for extra-firm infrastructures and services induced by SFP and allows one to infer implications and guidelines for policy making. Concludes that SFP induces a selective demand for extra-firm services and infrastructures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710179788
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    The modular consortium in a new VW truck plant in Brazil: new forms of assembler and supplier relationship (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 8 (1997), S. 292-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Since November 1995, VW has been running an experimental plant to produce trucks and buses in Brazil. The manufacturing strategy is quite different from the current strategies one can see in the automotive industry worldwide. VW has defined its concept as "modular consortium". Describes the plant's main characteristics, and discusses the risks and the opportunities for VW and its partners to obtain sustainable competitiveness based on a radical new production concept.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710179742
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    Supply-chain collaboration and success in technology implementation (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 8 (1997), S. 323-332 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Competitive success is increasingly linked to implementing change in a co-ordinated manner within the organization and in the extended value network that embeds the organization. In particular, for manufacturers the successful implementation of advanced manufacturing technologies (AMT) can be linked to collaborative buyer-supplier relationships. Derives a model from the literature to link these aspects. Tests empirically major propositions from this model using data from 83 firms positioned at the top of the Turkish automotive industry supply chain. Establishes that companies with higher levels of AMT implementation collaborative more with their parts suppliers and companies are more successful in achieving their AMT implementation objectives if increased AMT implementation is coupled with more collaborate supplier relationships. Both AMT implementation levels and buyer-supplier collaboration are shown to have significantly increased over a five-year period. While AMT implementation levels of individual firms appear to have diverged, levels of buyer-supplier collaboration appear to have converged during the five years.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710179779
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    Simultaneous route selection and cell formation: a mixed-integer programming time-cost model (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 8 (1997), S. 374-377 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Presents a mixed-integer programme to simultaneously select part routeings and form machine cells in the presence of alternate process plans so that the total cost of operating and intercell material handling is minimized. Demand for parts, machine capacities, number of cells to be formed, and number of machines in a cell are included in the model. Includes an example to illustrate the solution technique of the problem of practical instance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710367752
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    An integrated estimation and design system for fire protection equipment (1997)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 8 (1997), S. 388-395 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Describes the development of an integrated computer-based system (PROTECT) to aid the design of complex fire protection systems. Explains how PROTECT, developed through the application of object-oriented technology (OOT), comprises a series of knowledge bases for specific protection environments and is integrated with other business systems. PROTECT enables the optimal design of fire protection systems to specified standards and the accurate estimation of system cost. Presents software development issues, and discusses system operational results and benefits of the PROTECT.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069710188896
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    Constraint-based spatial representation technique for the container packing problem (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 9 (1998), S. 23-33 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: The spatial representation technique is an efficient method for packing boxes into a container; however, it has a limitation in dealing with constraints. For practical applications, there are however limitations when dealing with constraints. These constraints provide flexibility for the user to decide which boxes should be placed first. After imposing the initial conditions, the optimisation packing algorithm based on the spatial representation technique ensures that the boxes remaining in the item list are packed as efficiently as possible into the container. The packing plan is then generated during the run time to provide visualisation of the result of actual packing sequences. It also simultaneously outputs a graphical file to the Autocad software for printing and detailed study. The program can be implemented under either the DOS platform or the Windows platform on an IBM PC. The performance is evaluated using data from another algorithm. The results confirm that the enhanced algorithm can manage the user-specified constraints with good volume utilisation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069810196814
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    Achieving a successful EIS: linking TQM and best practice (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 9 (1998), S. 50-61 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: An executive information system (EIS) is a high-reward, high-risk project and is often developed with high expectations which end in failure. There exist significant barriers to the creation of a successful EIS. However, as more lessons are learned from previous failed attempts, many innovations have been put in place by EIS practitioners to overcome these barriers. This article presents an empirical study to find out what the significant barriers are and how best practices have been adopted to achieve a successful EIS implementation. By linking the implications of best EIS practice to TQM disciplines, a model of successful EIS implementation is proposed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069810196841
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    Parametric modelling of drinking bottles (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 9 (1998), S. 99-108 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This paper describes the use of parametric modelling techniques in the design of drinking bottles. A customised application programme is developed and integrated for the design and manufacture of a blow mould bottle within a proprietary CAD/CAM software named Duct5. One such conceptual design is physically realized and verified through the use of the stereolithography technique. Overall, by equipping designers with a library of "bottle-design" features from a CAD/CAM system, the design period is shortened and simplified, and the same geometrical data can be passed downstream for manufacturing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069810202014
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    Activity based costing in manufacturing: two case studies on implementation (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 9 (1998), S. 137-147 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This paper presents two case studies on the implementation of activity based costing (ABC). The first case is a company based in Melbourne, Australia, which manufactures engineering components. The second case study is a specialty chemicals company based in Hong Kong. The case studies discuss the introduction of ABC and the benefits and problems experienced during implementation in each company. Based on the experiences of the two companies, factors critical to successful implementation of ABC systems are identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069810210312
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    On-machine measurement of workpieces with the cutting tool (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 9 (1998), S. 168-172 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: A new system for on-machine measurement of workpieces is described. The system is based on a fine touch sensor that enables the cutting tool itself to act as a contact probe to inspect the workpiece. The proposed measurement technology combines the Q-setter with the fine touch sensor. This low cost measurement system is applied to automatic workpiece setup and improving workpiece dimensional accuracy on a CNC turning center. It is shown that using the proposed measurement system results in workpiece setting time decrease and workpiece machining accuracy improvement. The development of the on-machine measurement system makes the fine touch sensor extremely attractive for CNC machine retrofitting.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069810210448
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    Integration of design method software for concurrent engineering using axiomatic design (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 9 (1998), S. 242-252 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Concurrent engineering can help manufacturing enterprises to achieve shorter time to market, reduced development costs, and high-quality products. In order to realize the concurrent engineering, a lot of integrations are required according to parallel development technique, such as the integration of the people with different disciplines, the integration of the software of design methods and design data, and so on. This paper discusses the integration of the software of existing design methods for concurrent engineering by using axiomatic design. The results show that a very complicated software system for concurrent engineering becomes simple and consists of 26 modules corresponding to 26 design methods and one main module which contains all the junctional properties at each level. The task of the programmer for the integration becomes clear and is mainly programming for the main module.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069810217847
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    Role of organizational commitment in advanced manufacturing technology and performance relationship (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 9 (1998), S. 272-278 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This study, utilizing an advanced manufacturing technology (AMT) intensity index, first, examines the variations in a company's performance as a function of the simultaneous effect of organizational commitment and the dimensions of manufacturing technology intensity and, second, using the moderator hypothesis, examines a proposal that the greater the organizational commitment complemented AMT's competences, the greater would be the performance impact of AMT. Results from the study indicate that elements described as complementary to AMT strengths (i.e. desire to keep membership and willingness to exert effort on behalf of the organization) interact negatively with AMT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069810230383
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    Justification of just-in-time manufacturing systems for Indian industries (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 9 (1998), S. 314-323 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Just-in-time (JIT) manufacturing systems have attracted the attention of industries all over the world. The perceptible impact of JIT lies in attaining the far-reaching productivity and quality standards. Attempts have been made to examine JIT, its benefits and elements for their feasibility in Indian industries. Despite the profound interest of prospective managers and researchers, the extent of JIT implementation in Indian industries so far is not satisfactory. The real challenge before Indian managers is to establish priorities among potential JIT techniques to achieve best possible advantage of JIT implementation in Indian industries. This paper attempts to evaluate the relative importance of decision attributes in the hierarchy for a case situation given herein. The present work describes a multi-attribute decision model using analytical hierarchy process for the justification of JIT for Indian industries.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069810230428
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    A comparison between manual and hybrid methods in parts inspection (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 9 (1998), S. 344-349 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: Seeks to determine whether hybrid inspection performance is superior to manual performance in a generic manufacturing setup. Explains the design of an experiment to achieve this comparison. Results include the fact that the hybrid method took substantially less time and caused fewer inspection errors. Notes that cost factors would need to be carefully considered before selection of a preferred method but that ultimately the hybrid method should be the logical choice.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069810238709
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    A survey report on design for manufacture in the UK furniture manufacturing industry (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Integrated manufacturing systems 9 (1998), S. 383-387 
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    ISSN: 0957-6061
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Economics
    Notes: This article reports on a questionnaire survey with the aim to determine the extent of familiarity with and use of design for manufacture (DFM) in the UK furniture manufacturing industry. It was revealed that only a small proportion had experimented or applied one or more DFM techniques. The majority of them did not understand what exactly DFM was and wished to know more about it, while a noticeable level of benefits had been achieved, perceived, or expected. Embedding DFM activities in day-to-day operations was perceived by industrialists as the most effective way of implementing DFM while training for a formal team was necessary for its introduction. A high level of management support was evident, so were worries about the high risk and cost. However, the special needs of the furniture industry require further investigation.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09576069810238781
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    Layout designs for robotic PCB assembly (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 36-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Describes three robot cell set-ups which feature dynamic choice of pick-and-place points for retrieving and inserting components. Three robot cell set-ups are: one-magazine-and-one-board (1M1B); one-magazine-and-two-boards (1M2B); and two-magazines-and-one-board (2M1B). Uses the same assembly sequence and component magazine assignment to evaluate the performances of these three set-ups. Experimental results indicated that the 2M1B set-up is more than two times superior to the 1M1B set-up in all cases and is also superior to the 1M2B set-up. The performance of the 1M1B set-up is the least efficient.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919810219958
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    Influences of storage conditions on component cracking (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 6-11 
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    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: At the Institute for Manufacturing Automation and Production Systems (FAPS), in Erlangen, Germany, the influence of different storage conditions on cracking behaviour of high-pin-count components is examined. The aim is to register all relevant influence parameters in an expanded-damage model and to quantify its effects on the later processing of the components. Effective strategies can be developed, based on this new model of damage, for storage and transportation of components.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919810237020
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    Mechanical stress and deformation of SMT components during temperature cycling and PCB bending (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 11 (1999), S. 35-41 
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    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A very common method to predict the reliability of components soldered on printed circuit board (PCB) or substrates is by bending tests and temperature cycle tests, for instance between -55°C and 125°C (up to 2,000 cycles at 1h cycle period). Sensitive SMD constructions such as chips with ball grid array mounting or multilayer chip capacitors (MLCC) are often a major issue due to their "flex cracking" problems. This paper describes the real behaviour of deformation at temperature cycling and PCB bending of chip components (body size 0603). By using the piezoresistive effect in thick film resistors the effects of stress on the alumina body can be determined and described for the whole temperature range of interest. The complete system of component, PCB/substrate and solder joint will be discussed and different influences will be isolated. It will be shown that CTE-matching of the component and substrate does not lead to an optimum situation. The influence of the solder joint plays an important part. Optimization potentials and design rules for the whole system will be given. The basis of this paper is a quite unusual "measurement tool" the effect of piezoresistivity. The investigation into that phenomenon will be described very thoroughly first.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919910265677
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    PBGA solder ball coplanarity impact evaluation (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 11 (1999), S. 40-45 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A study was conducted to examine the sensitivity of solder joint integrity for PBGA assembly and post rework process yields to the change of the solder ball coplanarity specification from 0.15mm to 0.20mm as well as to increase the level of confidence with respect to the specification change. The study considered the following experimental variables: solder ball coplanarity; stencil thickness and aperture design; whether the assembly also experiences a wave soldering process; the rework method, i.e. whether there is dispensing of solder paste or just a flux. Electrical continuity tests were performed after PBGA assembly and rework. Accelerated thermal cycling and thermal shock tests were then used to evaluate the solder joint reliability. Additionally, standoff heights of PBGA solder joints were measured through cross sectioning samples. Statistical comparisons of the mean standoff height between different PBGA coplanarity groups, where different experiment variables were applied, allowed for determination of the variation of BGA solder joint integrity.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919910293865
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    Numerical modelling of solder joint formation (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 6-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Solder materials are used to provide a connection between electronic components and printed circuit boards (PCBs) using either the reflow or wave soldering process. As a board assembly passes through a reflow furnace the solder (initially in the form of solder paste) melts, reflows, then solidifies, and finally deforms between the chip and board. A number of defects may occur during this process such as flux entrapment, void formation, and cracking of the joint, chip or board. These defects are a serious concern to industry, especially with trends towards increasing component miniaturisation and smaller pitch sizes. This paper presents a modelling methodology for predicting solder joint shape, solidification, and deformation (stress) during the assembly process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919810219912
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  • 73
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    The criticality of component forming and tinning in a high-reliability low-volume facility (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 19-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Dealing with forming and tinning in a low-volume high-reliability environment is a never-ending challenge. This process is one of the most critical steps in SMT fabrication. The effects of forming and tinning contribute to a majority of the defects found at final inspection. The intention of this paper is to describe in detail the forming and tinning process and all that it entails. The topics include: forming, tinning, converting to an automated process, process control techniques, and statistical process capability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919810219930
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  • 74
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    Eutectic Sn/Pb solder bump and under bump metallurgy: interfacial reactions and adhesion (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 29-37 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In flip-chip interconnection on organic substrates using eutectic tin/lead solder bumps, a highly reliable under bump metallurgy (UBM) is required to maintain adhesion and solder wettability. Various UBM systems such as 1µm Al/0.2µm Ti/5µm Cu, 1µm Al/02µm Ti/1µm Cu, 1µm Al/0.2µm Ni/1µm Cu and 1µm Al/0.2µm Pd/1µm Cu, applied under eutectic tin/lead solder bumps, have been investigated with regard to their interfacial reactions and adhesion properties. The effects of the number of solder reflow cycles and the aging time on the growth of intermetallic compounds (IMCs) and on the solder ball shear strength were investigated. Good ball shear strength was obtained with 1µm Al/0.2µm Ti5µm Cu and 1µm Al/0.2µm Ni/1µm Cu even after four solder reflows or seven-day aging at 1508C. In contrast, 1µm Al/0.2µm Ti/1µm Cu and 1µm Al/0.2µm Pd/1µm Cu showed poor ball shear strength. The decrease of the shear strength was mainly due to the direct contact between solder and non-wettable metals such as Ti and AL, resulting in a delamination. In this case, thin 1µm Cu and 0.2µm Pd diffusion barrier layers were completely consumed by Cu-Sn and Pd-Sn reaction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919810237093
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  • 75
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    Evaluation of pre-deposited (no-flow) underfill for flip chip and CSP assembly (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 11 (1999), S. 8-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The benefits of a "no flow" process have been well documented in the recent past. The limitations of the previously reported materials in current use have been overcome via a unique chemistry which can be tailored to the application. Room temperature storage, effective fluxing, coupled with minimal outgassing, and a choice of reworkability after reflow or, if rework is not required, a full cure, can now be achieved within a single materials technology. This paper describes the properties of the new family of materials compared to conventional post-deposited underfills. The development sequence and the procedure for characterisation of material properties, including the evaluation of the effectiveness of the fluxing action on a range of solder alloys, is documented. A typical application is described, outlining how a minimum of two process steps can be eliminated and how improvements in materials handling, process robustness, and ultimate yield, have been realised. A simple rework regime is also proposed, and the almost "drop in replacement" aspect of the new material is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919910254633
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  • 76
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    An evaluation of the effect of ageing on the cleanability of solder flux residues (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 11 (1999), S. 27-35 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The efficiency of cleaning of flux residues after various periods of ageing was assessed by measuring the ionic contamination removed in an Ionograph 500 SMD. The flux residues were removed from bare boards, and boards with through hole and surface mount components. The effect of different ageing temperature was also investigated. The work has shown that there is a maximum time interval following assembly during which cleaning should be carried out. The ionic contamination of aged assemblies with through hole and surface mount components were cleaned with varying efficiencies. The surface mount components were more difficult to clean. The use of brushing and scrubbing proved particularly beneficial for the through hole components. A proprietary cleaner proved more effective than the generic alternatives considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919910254912
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  • 77
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    Novel techniques for electronic component removal (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 11 (1999), S. 7-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Component removal for rework and repair is traditionally achieved by re-melting of the solder, but the exposure of the assembly or its component parts to repeated soldering/ desoldering cycles may cause both immediate damage and create a significant long term reliability hazard. Rework is labour intensive and requires skilled operators. Area array components further increase the complexity of the rework process because of the number and inaccessibility of the solder joints. There is a growing requirement to recycle/reclaim electronic waste, creating the need for an effective process for dismantling of printed circuit board assemblies (PCBAs). This paper will present a brief review of alternative non-thermal techniques for rework or dismantling of conventional soldered assemblies, including both chemical etchants and mechanical techniques. Results will then be presented on trials of chemical etchants, where rates of solder removal consistent with realistic times for component removal have been readily achieved using commercially available tin-lead strippers. Electrochemical techniques are also shown to be usable in specific applications, i.e. where electrical contact can be readily made to the solder joints to be removed, and have the advantage of reclaiming the removed solder directly from the electrolyte.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919910265622
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  • 78
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    Characterization of a solder paste printing process and its optimization (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 11 (1999), S. 23-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The objectives of this research are to model the screening process with planned experiments and to identify the optimal setting of the process parameters so as to minimize the printing defects. The percentage volume matching (PVM) and defects per unit (DPU) are the two quality characteristics of interest. A fractional factorial design was employed to study simultaneously the effects of eight process factors on the PVM and DPU and their possible interactions. Subsequent analysis shows that a low level of the stencil cleaning interval and low temperature results in the minimum DPU while maintaining a PVM very close to 100 per cent. Empirical relationships between these two quality characteristics and the important factors were formulated using regression analysis and close matches were found during subsequent validation experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919910293838
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  • 79
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    Interfacial reactions of tin-zinc-bismuth alloys (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 11 (1999), S. 46-52 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A variety of lead-free solders are now commercially available. Of those suitable for mass soldering perhaps the ones closest to a direct, drop-in, replacement for tin-lead are the tin-zinc-bismuth alloys. For most tin-based solders it is the tin which is the active element and dominates the all-important interfacial reactions. As a result they have many properties in common. The addition of zinc, however, radically alters this picture. Zinc oxidation products are formed at the surfaces. Zinc intermetallic compounds are also formed in preference to tin-compounds at the substrate interfaces. The nature and implications of these changes are outlined for the common basis materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919910293874
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  • 80
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    Gallium-based interconnects for flip-chip assembly (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 18-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A feasibility study into alternative methods of producing interconnection between a PCB and flip-chip has been undertaken. A number of initial ideas were investigated, the least promising being discarded at an early stage, while the ideas showing the greatest chance of success were subject to a more rigorous examination. Of the initial ideas the most promising were amalgam materials and magnetic alignment of ferromagnetic particles. These two ideas were combined to produce a new type of anisotropic conducting adhesive (ACA), which may have the potential to overcome problems owing to co-planarity issues and have the ability to form fine pitch metallurgical bonds. In order to promote bonding, amalgam compositions that enhance surface wetting, while retaining good mechanical properties have been investigated. The possibility of incorporating liquid/semi-solid metallic interconnects, within the ACA, which will retain contact during the thermal expansion of the polymeric materials was also explored. During the course of the study, various techniques such as DSC and SEM have been used to characterise thermal stability of Ga-based alloys and discrepancies with current phase diagrams have been found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000004546
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  • 81
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    Finite element modelling of printed circuit boards (PCBs) for structural analysis (1998)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 10 (1998), S. 12-17 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Considers a process for better mechanical design of printed circuit boards (PCBs) which suffer from warpage during the assembly process. During the reflow process, PCBs experience a wide range of temperatures, i.e. from ambient temperature to the peak temperature reached in the furnace. Out-of-plane deflections are generated, due to the mismatch in the thermal expansion properties of the materials comprising the PCB. In this study, the focus is on setting up the analysis procedure and constructing a finite element model of the board deflections. The weight of the components mounted on the PCB and the effect of soldering are ignored, due to the complexity of the additional data required. A set of real PCBs was also exposed to the reflow process and the resulting deflection measured for comparison with the model. The combination of properties of the board material and copper plating is further researched in order to investigate the cause of problems and improve design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919810237039
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  • 82
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    Optimizing the reflow profile via defect mechanism analysis (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 11 (1999), S. 13-20 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A reflow profile is proposed which is engineered to optimize soldering performance based on defect mechanism analysis. In general, a slow ramp-up rate is desired in order to minimize hot slump, bridging, tombstoning, skewing, wicking, opens, solder beading, solder balling, and components cracking. A minimized soaking zone reduces voiding, poor wetting, solder balling, and opens. Use of a low peak temperature lessens charring, delamination, intermetallics, leaching, dewetting, and voiding. A rapid cooling rate helps to reduce grain size as well as intermetallic growth, charring, leaching and dewetting. However, a slow cooling rate reduces solder or pad detachment. The optimized profile favors that the temperature ramps up slowly until reaching about 180°C. Implementation of the optimized profile requires the support of a heating-efficient reflow technology with a controllable heating rate. Emergence of the forced air convection reflow provides a controllable heating rate. In addition, it is not sensitive to variation in parts' features, thus allows the realization of the optimized profile.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919910254642
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  • 83
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    TMA, DMA, DSC and TGA of lead free solders (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 11 (1999), S. 17-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Most of the electronics packaging materials, especially solders, are temperature dependent. Their temperature-dependent material properties can be obtained by TMA (thermal mechanical analysis), DMA (dynamic mechanical analysis), DSC (differential scanning calorimetry), and TGA (thermogravimetric analysis). In this study, the thermal coefficient of expansion (TCE), storage modulus, moisture uptake, and melting point of two lead free solders, 96.5wt%Sn-3.5wt%Ag and 42wt%Sn-58wt%Bi provided from two different vendors, are measured by, respectively, TMA, DMA, TGA, and DSC. For comparison purpose, the 63wt%Sn-37wt%Pb solder is also considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919910265640
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  • 84
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    CSP compatibility in the SMT assembly process (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 11 (1999), S. 25-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: To achieve integration of chip scale package (CSP) devices into main stream surface mount technology (SMT) assembly, various experiments have been required. In process development, experiences learned from flip chip attach and ball grid array (BGA) assembly were utilized. Key process parameters for CSP assembly were defined and some of those key factors were optimized. They will be presented in this paper. Some observations during prototype build have been documented for correlation with reliability results in the future. The requirements for further CSP assembly studies will also be addressed in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919910265659
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  • 85
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    Materials behaviour and the reliability in performance of solder joints (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 11 (1999), S. 8-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: While the implementation of lead-free solder technology has been the focus of much recent research, the challenge of joint structural integrity should not be overlooked. The paper summarises the significant variability in the mechanical properties of solders, both in terms of the prevailing testing conditions and between the alloys themselves. Using conventional routes to life prediction for an elementary creep situation, it demonstrates the critical importance of understanding the failure processes and utilising materials data that are appropriate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540919910293810
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  • 86
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    The effect of PECVD SiN moisture barrier layers on the degradation of a flip chip underfill material (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 13 (2001), S. 12-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Flip chip test boards with and without plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition silicon nitride moisture barrier coatings were exposed to high humidity and temperature cycling conditions. The effect of the stress developed in these environments was investigated and evaluated. The influence of the barrier layers on the extent of underfill delamination and degradation in flip chip assemblies was inspected by C-mode Scanning Acoustic Microscopy. The moisture barrier layers studied show their potential to enhance the reliability of flip chip assemblies in humid environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006024
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  • 87
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    Investigation of a solder bumping technique for flip-chip interconnection (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 12 (2000), S. 7-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: As the demand for flip-chip products increases, the need for low cost high volume manufacturing processes also increases. Currently solder paste printing is the wafer bumping method of choice for device pitches down to 150-200µm. However, limitations in print quality and stencil manufacture mean that this technology is not likely to move significantly below this pitch and new methods will be required to meet the demands predicted by the technology roadmaps. This paper describes experiments conducted on carriers made from silicon for bumping of die using solder paste. An anisotropic etching process was used to generate pockets in the silicon surface into which solder paste was printed. Die were then placed against the carrier and reflowed to transfer the solder directly to the bondpads. An assessment was carried out of the potential application and limitations of this technique for device pitches at 225 and 127µm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910010312366
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  • 88
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    A novel high performance die attach (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 12 (2000), S. 40-44 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Au/In isothermal solidification technique was evaluated as an alternative method for high performance die attachment. Bonding could be achieved at temperatures between 250°C - 3008C for about five to ten seconds. The microstructures of the bonds were studied and their effects on the reliability analysed. The quality of the bonds depends very much on the surface waviness of the substrate. For high quality substrates, bonding was successfully achieved on 3mm × 3mm dies, which is almost one order of magnitude bigger than the die size achievable for Au/Si eutectic bonding, and the bonds show no obvious degradation after 2,800 cycles between –55°C to 125°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910010312456
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  • 89
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    TBGA reliability in telecom environment (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 12 (2000), S. 42-47 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Owing to the demands of increasing I/O counts and thermal performance BGA (ball grid array) type packaging concepts are rapidly gaining in popularity. Use of various modelling tools is an obvious way to save resources by discarding the most unreliable solutions before wasting testing capacity. A testing procedure was created and then evaluated. Two components were assembled on test boards and the assembled boards were temperature cycled from –40 to +125°C. Parametric 3D FE-models (finite element) of the components were generated and models were verified. Environmental conditions were added to assess the lifetimes of the assemblies in the targeted environment. Some differences in the TBGAs board level reliability were found. With all contributions of parameters the first failures happened after 1,000 cycles. FE-modelling combined with accelerated stress testing proved to be an effective tool for test result analysis and for rationalising the test sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910010331509
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  • 90
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    On the degradation of the solder joints of underfilled flip chip packages: a case study (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 12 (2000), S. 24-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The lifetime of flip chip solder joints can be greatly increased by applying underfill encapsulation. This paper presents a case study where the thermal cycle lifetime was increased by more than 20 times, that is from ~100 cycles to more than 2,000 cycles for a chip size of 5.6mm × 6.3mm. By combining electrical, acoustic and metallographic investigation, the degradation of the solder joints was monitored, some important factors relevant to solder joint reliability were analysed and discussed. Delamination was found not to be the dominant failure mode.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910010347863
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  • 91
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    Microstructural characterisation of reflowed and isothermally-aged Cu and Ag particulate reinforced Sn-3.5Ag composite solders (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 13 (2001), S. 7-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Composite solders were prepared by mechanically dispersing 15v% of Cu or Ag particles into the eutectic Sn-3.5Ag solder. The average sizes for the nominally spherical Cu and Ag particles were 6 and 4 microns, respectively. Two different processing methods were used to prepare the composite solders: blending the powdered particles with solder paste, and adding particles to the molten solder at 2808C. The composite solders were characterised by studying the morphology, size and distribution of the reinforcing phase. Particular interest and emphasis are given towards the modifications of the reinforcements during the reflow process. Microstructural features and chemical analysis of the composite solders were studied using optical and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive x-ray (EDX) analysis. The effect of reflow and isothermal ageing on the microstructure as well as the morphological changes in the interfacial IM layer of the composite solders were extensively analysed. A mechanism for IM layer growth is proposed for solid state isothermal ageing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910110361668
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  • 92
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    A high-performance lead-free solder - the effects of In on 99.3Sn/0.7Cu (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 13 (2001), S. 7-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: With the established surface mount infrastructure and the temperature constraints of components and printed circuit boards, the melting temperatures of lead-free solder alloys need to be designed as close to 63Sn/37Pb as practical, and not to exceed 215°C. However, metallurgically, the Sn-based lead-free solders cannot approach a melting point as low as 183°C without incorporating a high content of low-melting elements such as In, Bi or Ga. Incorporating such high contents of these elements involves prohibitive mechanical properties and/or cost. Nonetheless, it has been found that a low dosage of one or more low-melting point elements within a well designed alloy composition can achieve superior performance to 63Sn/37Pb without incurring an unacceptable cost. To avoid prohibitive cost and/or mechanical properties, whilst achieving the melting temperature requirement, the thresholds for each of these elements, as examples, are found to be In =q 6 wt.%, Bi 〈 4 wt.% or Ga =q 0.5 wt.%. This paper summarises the results for one of the lead-free systems studied within a ten-year research program.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910110385194
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  • 93
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    Critical factors affecting paste flow during the stencil printing of solder paste (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 13 (2001), S. 30-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The paste printing process accounts for the majority of assembly defects, and most defects originate from poor understanding of the effect of printing process parameters on the printing performance. As the current product miniaturisation trend continues, area array type package solutions are now being designed into products. The assembly of these devices requires the printing of very small solder paste deposits. The printing of solder pastes through small stencil apertures typically results in stencil clogging and incomplete transfer of paste to the PCB pads. At the very narrow aperture sizes required for flip-chip applications, the paste rheology becomes crucial for consistent paste withdrawal. This is because, for smaller paste volumes, surface tension effects become dominant over viscous flow. Proper understanding of the effect of the key material, equipment and process parameters, and their interactions, is crucial for achieving high print yields. During the aperture filling and emptying sub-process, the solder paste experiences forces/stresses as it interacts with the stencil aperture walls and the pad surfaces, which directly impact the paste flow within the apertures. As the substrate and stencil separate, the frictional/adhesive force on the stencil walls competes directly with the adhesives/pull force on the PCB pads, often resulting in incomplete paste transfer or skipping/clogged apertures. In this paper, we investigate the effect of stencil design on the printing process and in particular the effect on paste transfer efficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910110385239
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  • 94
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    Process characterization of PCB assembly using 0201 packages with lead-free solder (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 15 (2003), S. 22-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: 0201 assembly plays a very important role in the continuing miniaturization of electronics products. After a systematic study using Sn-Pb solder paste on pad design, machine evaluation, component qualification, and process optimisation, this study focused on the PCB assembly process for 0201 packages using Sn-Ag-Cu solder paste. The post-reflow solder defects for a range of different spacings were examined for the different solder pastes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910310479495
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  • 95
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    Numerical modelling of scanned beam laser soldering of fine pitch packages (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 14 (2002), S. 24-29 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Laser soldering provides a useful tool for the electronics manufacturer and has found a number of successful industrial applications. The laser provides highly controllable localised heating in a manner similar to hand soldering and has distinct advantages over other soldering methods. However, the heating processes that occur in laser soldering are complex making it difficult to predict whether a particular operation will be successful. Numerical modelling provides a valuable tool in answering such questions but the modelling process and the assumptions upon which it is based must be understood if the results are to be reliable.This paper explains the assumptions made in deriving a suitable model and describes the use of a commercial finite element modelling package to aid the understanding of laser soldering processes, with a particular emphasis on single and multi-pass scanned beam soldering operations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910210416558
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  • 96
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimisation modelling for flip-chip solder joint reliability (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 14 (2002), S. 49-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper details and demonstrates integrated optimisation-reliability modelling for predicting the performance of solder joints in electronic packaging. This integrated modelling approach is used to identify efficiently and quickly the most suitable design parameters for solder joint performance during thermal cycling and is demonstrated on flip-chip components using "no-flow" underfills. To implement "optimisation in reliability" approach, the finite element simulation tool - PHYSICA, is coupled with optimisation and statistical tools. This resulting framework is capable of performing design optimisation procedures in an entirely automated and systematic manner.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910210416477
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  • 97
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reliability of tin-lead balled BGAs soldered with lead-free solder paste (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 14 (2002), S. 35-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper will describe tests of the interconnect reliability of BGA components with tin-lead bumps soldered with lead-free solder paste during temperature cycling. Tin-lead BGA components soldered with tin-lead solder paste and lead-free BGA components soldered with lead-free solder paste were used as a reference. The lead-free solder used was eutectic tin-silver-copper. Two kinds of surface finishes were used on the printed circuit boards (PCB), an immersion gold over electroless nickel and an organic solderability preservative. The test PCBs were temperature-cycled for 2500 cycles in the range of -40°C to +125°C and they were continuously electrically monitored during the cycling. The results of the temperature cycling test showed that lead- containing BGA components soldered with lead-free solder paste don't show any serious reliability risks and can actually withstand temperature cycling stresses better than entirely lead-free BGA assemblies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910210427808
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  • 98
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Predictive reliability models through validated correlation between power cycling and thermal cycling accelerated life tests (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 14 (2002), S. 51-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Aims to show that with careful modelling, the fatigue life of solder joints of identical geometry and microstructure can be predicted very accurately (through empirical correlations) under different environmental test or field use conditions. Here, on the TI 144 chip?-scale package, the empirical correlation for fatigue life developed under thermal cycling conditions is used to predict the life under power cycling. This accurate model has served as the physical basis which in to demonstrate quantitatively the equivalence of thermal cycling and power cycling as valid accelerated life tests. Describes the great importance of spatial refinement, temporal refinement, and accurate boundary conditions, including the often ignored natural convection boundary conditions, and their effect on predicted life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910210444737
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  • 99
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite element analysis of a three-dimensional package (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 15 (2003), S. 21-25 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A three-dimensional (3D) package consisting of a stack of three silicon chips was conceptually designed. A finite element simulation of this 3D package was conducted in order to compare the fatigue lives of the solder joints with those in a typical single flip chip package when subjected to a cyclic thermal loading. It was found that the proposed design of the 3D package was feasible in terms of its mechanical deformation response to the thermal cycle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910310455680
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  • 100
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Creep behaviour of composite lead-free electronic solder joints (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Soldering & surface mount technology 15 (2003), S. 39-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0954-0911
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In an attempt to improve service life of lead-free Sn-based electronic solder joints, compatible reinforcements were introduced by in-situ and mechanical mixing methods. The reinforcements affect the steady-state creep rate and the strain for the onset of tertiary creep of the solder joints. However, neither of these parameters, when considered alone, can be used for evaluating the reliability of solder joints. The Larson-Miller parameter, and a new parameter proposed in the paper, can incorporate test parameters to arrive at a reliability prediction methodology. The role of these reinforcements in homogenising creep strain within the joint is analysed. The observed creep behaviour of these composite solders is discussed on the basis of interfacial bonding strength between the reinforcement and the solder matrix.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09540910310455716
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