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  • Articles  (4,362)
  • Emerald  (4,248)
  • Nature America, Inc.
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (3,512)
  • Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology  (850)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inhibition effects of some heterocyclic nitrogenous compounds on the corrosion of the steel in CO-saturated NaCl solutions (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 34-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The corrosion inhibition efficiencies of five different nitrogenous heterocyclic bases 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (ATA), 2-amino-1,3,4-thiadiazole (ATDA), (p-toly) 1,3,4-triazole (TTA), 3-amino-5-methylmercapto-1,2,4-triazole (AMTA) and 2-aminobenziotriazole (ABA) on carbon steel were investigated in relation to their molecular structure. Corrosion current densities, in the absence and presence of the compounds, were used to assess inhibition performances. The corrosion efficiencies were considered on the basis of their molecular planarity, aromaticity and p-electron donation assumption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310456270
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Crack-resistant and anticorrosive coatings based on vulcanized water dispersion of chlorine-sulpho-polyethylene (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 108-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Advanced crack-resistant coatings based on water dispersion of chlorine-sulpho-polyethylene (CSPE, Hypalon®) vulcanized by Mannich alkalis (MA) water solution were obtained. Application of MA as a CSPE structure component makes it possible to produce a vulcanized net of saturated polymer, and thus to receive ecologically safe impenetrable crack resistant coatings of any substrata (concrete, metal, plastic, etc.). The coatings can be applied in aircraft, automotive, shipbuilding, paint and varnish industries, civil engineering, etc. as a corrosion-resistant material. The optimal coating composition and its mechanical properties have been studied.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310463966
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prediction and measurement of mild steel corrosion inhibition by alkyl pyridinium chloride and alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide surfactants in acidic chloride media (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 186-192 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Surfactants are important corrosion inhibitors that are used in different applications. This paper utilizes the recently developed methodology and formulae to predict mild steel corrosion inhibition by alkyl pyridinium chloride and alkyl trimethyl ammonium bromide compounds. By utilizing different surfactants of varying chain lengths in different acidic media and determining the associated corrosion inhibition, the relationship between surfactant concentration, surfactant hydrocarbon chain length, surfactant critical micelle concentration, and corrosion inhibition can be evaluated. The results from this study can be used to improve relevant industrial uses of surfactants for corrosion inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310471750
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The cyclic hydroxylamines: a new class of corrosion inhibitors of carbon steel in acidic medium (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 201-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Several cyclic hydroxylamines containing hydrophobic substituents were prepared. All these hydroxylamines were tested for corrosion inhibition of carbon steel in 1M HCl at 60°C by gravimetric and electrochemical methods. All compounds showed excellent corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE per cent) in acidic solutions containing 400?ppm of the inhibitors; Inhibitor Efficiencies in the range 66-98 per cent were measured by the gravimetric method. Comparable results were obtained by the electrochemical method using Tafel plots for the IE of some of the selected synthesised compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310471778
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of divalent cations in low zinc ambient temperature phosphating bath (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 286-290 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new zinc phosphating bath, which produces coatings at relatively lower temperatures within a reasonable time by using of chemical accelerators has been devised. Improvement of the bath performance by the addition of divalent cations like calcium, manganese and magnesium has been studied. Bath formulation and operating conditions have been optimized by coating weight determinations. Corrosion resistance property of the resultant coatings has been evaluated in 1,000?ppm Cl- by electrochemical methods such as potentiodynamic polarization and impedance measurements. Results of the electrochemical techniques have been complemented by salt spray, humidity and immersion tests. Porosity and roughness of the coatings have also been studied. Results show that the phosphating bath with manganese addition gives good coatings within 30?min. Studies have shown that the corrosion resistance of the resultant coatings are much superior than the conventional coatings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310482523
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Severe corrosion in a waste incinerator plant due to flue gas and steam leakage (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 334-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In a new build waste incinerator, the waste (refuse derived fuel) was burned on a discontinuous moving grate. Frequent furnace overpressure peaks occurred because of this firing method and as a result, flue gas and fly-ash were pushed out of the boiler and into the building. During the plant start up period, a seal in a water-feed pipeline broke, and a large amount of condensed steam was discharged into the boiler house. Shortly thereafter, very severe corrosion was noticed on the galvanised gangways, steel building components, the boiler aluminium sheeting and on processing lines. A theoretical study of the condensation of the flue gas indicated that sulphuric acid would condense before it reached the external aluminium sheeting and that under normal conditions, dry hydrochloric acid fumes would be removed by the boiler house ventilators. However, the steam leakage had caused the hydrochloric acid to be dissolved in the condensed water and that had resulted in the severe corrosion damage, which had become evident subsequently.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310492243
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inhibition of CO corrosion of carbon steel by rosin amide (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 410-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The inhibition of sweet gas corrosion of carbon steel in high pressure CO2 saturated brine by rosin amine has been studied by weight-loss, electrochemical polarisation and electrochemical impedance spectrum measurements. The results obtained revealed that rosin amine compound is a good inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increased with the increase of inhibitor concentration. Rosin amine acts mainly as a adsorptive mixed-type inhibitor. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface in high pressure CO2 saturated brine obey Langmuir isotherm. The adsorption mechanism of inhibitor was both electrostatic-adsorption and chemisorption.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310501567
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of some new bisquaternary ammonium salts as acid corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 436-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A variety of bisquaternary ammonium salts was prepared for the first time by reacting N,N,N',N'-tetraallyl-1,6-hexanediamine with allyl chloride, propargyl chloride, benzyl chloride, and 1-bromododecane in excellent yields (〉90 per cent). Inhibition efficiency for different concentrations of the synthesised compounds for the inhibition of corrosion of carbon steel in 1?M HCl exposed for 6?h at 60°C was determined gravimetrically. The bisquaternary salts exhibited excellent inhibition efficiencies (97-99 per cent) in the acidic solution containing 400?ppm of the inhibitor. Comparable results were obtained by the electrochemical method using Tafel plots for the inhibition efficiency of the synthesised compounds. The adsorption of these compounds on carbon steel surface was found to obey Temkin's adsorption isotherm. The work marked the beginning of constituting an important class of new inhibitors containing multiple adsorption centres of positive nitrogens as well as p-donor moieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310501594
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new corrosion-resistant material for use as an inert anode in electrolytic molten salt aluminium extraction systems (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The spinel NiFe2O4 has been identified as being a potentially successful anti-corrosion ceramic that can be used in aluminium electrolysis under molten salt corrosive conditions (970°C). The evaluation and fabrication processing of NiFe2O4 has been studied in this paper. According to the analysis and comparison of material properties, it has been concluded that fabrication technology for making anti-corrosion electrode material would not be exceptionally difficult and therefore that the material has a strong potential for use in this service.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410512708
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pitting corrosion of copper in chloride solutions (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 52-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The pitting corrosion of copper in chloride solution has been studied using potentiostatic polarisation and surface analysis techniques. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results enabled conclusions to be drawn about the nature of the film formed in different chloride concentrations. In dilute chloride solutions (C=10-3?M), XPS proved the existence of Cu2O film on the copper surface. It was found that, depending on the chloride content, pitting of copper was evident only after the formation of a protective film of Cu2O. A current-time trend plot showed the onset of fluctuations, which were dependent on the NaCl content. On the other hand, introduction of O2 into the solution during prepolarisation time period increased the current value of the fluctuations at the same concentration of NaCl in comparison with the freely aerated solution. These results, together with the surface analysis, confirm the role of chloride ion on the mechanism of pitting attack on copper metal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410512735
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The sulphidation behaviour of hard chromium plated coatings on steel (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 130-135 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The sulphidation behaviour of high contraction (HC) and low contraction (LC) chromium plated steel was studied in sulphur with a partial pressure of 1?atm at 1, 3, 5 and 7?h and 0.1 and 0.01?atm at 5?h. The temperature was 600°C throughout the work. It was found that HC and LC chromium plating imparted significant sulphidation resistance to steel. It should be mentioned that by increasing sulphidation time and sulphur partial pressure, the hardness of chromium coating decreased. LC chromium coating had a lower thermal shock resistance than the HC coating. Thus, it was concluded that the HC chromium coating had the better sulphidation resistance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410523229
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of "grey system theory" in a molybdate inhibitive study (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 200-204 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this study, electrochemical parameters were used to evaluate the inhibition effects of molybdate and silicate inhibitors in tap water. With the aid of "grey system" theory, we determine the inhibitive state model of such systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410533147
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A TEM study of the oxide scale development in Ni-Cr alloys (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 216-222 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A study was undertaken to investigate the isothermal oxidation behaviour of Ni-Cr binary alloys with 10, 20 and 30?wt per cent Cr exposed in air for 50?h at 1,000°C. Analytical transmission electron microscopy along with light microscopy and X-ray diffraction were used to characterise the oxide scale. It was observed that the scaling behaviour exhibited by the Ni-Cr alloys changes from generally "non-protective" to "protective" as their Cr content increases from 10 to 30?wt per cent. The Ni-10Cr alloy formed a continuous network of NiO leading to scales of high thickness while Ni-30Cr exhibited only a-Cr2O3 at its surface. The Ni-20Cr alloy exhibited all three oxide phases and an intermediate scaling behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410533174
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The inhibition effects of a new heterocyclic bisquaternary ammonium salt in simulated oilfield water (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 272-276 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A kind of novel heterocyclic bisquaternary ammonium salt (MBQA) was successfully synthesised with metronidazole as matrix and dichloroethyl ether as the link agent. Weight loss measurement, potentiodynamic polarisation curves, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to evaluate the corrosion inhibiting performance of MBQA in simulated oilfield water. Experimental data revealed that MBQA acted as an inhibitor in the acidic environment and, furthermore, the compound was a mixed-type inhibitor. It was found that inhibition efficiency increased with an increase in MBQA concentration at different temperatures. The process of inhibition was attributed to the formation of an adsorbed film on the metal surface, which protected the metal against corrosive agents.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410541346
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Performance evaluation of different hardener for epoxy resin (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 348-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Coatings with outstanding chemical and physical properties can be obtained from two-pack formulations without stoving. The epoxy resin was cured with different amine-based compounds, such as polyamide (PA), the aniline copolymer of triethanolamine titanate and aniline formaldehyde. The thermal resistance properties of the cured films were analysed using the thermo-gravimetric method. This study also examined the effect of coating resistance of 3 per cent sodium chloride solution by means of electrochemical impedance measurements. Coatings that included the epoxy triethanolamine titanate showed superior behaviour, compared to the other two systems tested. This hardener can be recommended instead of using conventional PA and polyamidoamide hardeners for epoxy two-pack systems that are to be used to protect the steel structures from highly corrosive chemical and marine environments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410554919
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  • 16
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    Determination of suitable corrosion inhibitor formulation for a potable water supply (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 399-405 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The inhibition effects of sodium silicate and polyphosphate on corrosion of carbon steel in a potable water supply have been studied using weight loss, electrochemical impedance and Tafel polarization measurements. In the water supply under test there were sufficient calcium ions, (220?ppm), to form the normal polyphosphates salts, which is a requisite for good protection. It was concluded that the inhibition efficiency of polyphosphate was higher than that of silicate. The synergistic inhibition effects of polyphosphate on the inhibition of silicate were studied. The results illustrated that silicates and polyphosphates can be useful as corrosion inhibitors for reducing the corrosion of carbon steel in potable water supply distribution systems. The optimal concentration for silicate alone was determined to be 11?ppm and for polyphosphate alone was 8?ppm. The optimum ratio of concentration for sodium silicate to sodium polyphosphate was 4?:?3.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410560949
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  • 17
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    Review of materials for solar thermal collectors (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 199-206 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - To cover the main contributions and developments in solar thermal collectors through focusing on materials, heat transfer characteristics and manufacturing challenges. Design/methodology/approach - A range of published papers and internet research including research work on various solar thermal collectors (flat plate, evacuated tubes, and heat pipe tube) were used. Evaluation of solar collectors performance is critiqued to aid solar technologies make the transition into a specific dominant solar collector. The sources are sorted into sections: finding an academic job, general advice, teaching, research and publishing, tenure and organizations. Findings - Provides information about types of solar thermal collectors, indicating what can be added by using evacuated tube collectors instead of flat plate collectors and what can be added by using heat pipe collectors instead of evacuated tubes. Research limitations/implications - Focusing only on three types of solar thermal collectors (flat plate, evacuated tubes, and heat pipe tube). Practical implications - Useful source of information for consultancy and impartial advice for graduate students planning to do research in solar thermal technologies. Originality/value - This paper fulfils identified information about materials and heat transfer properties of materials and manufacturing challenges of these three solar thermal collectors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510603210
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  • 18
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    Corrosion inhibition of brass by benzotriazole derivatives in NaCl solution (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 226-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - Copper and its alloys are widely used in industries because of their good resistance to corrosion and are often used in cooling water systems. Brass has been widely used for shipboard condensers, power plant condensers and petrochemical heat exchangers. Brass is susceptible to the corrosion process known as dezincification by means of which brass looses its valuable physical and mechanical properties leading to failure of structure. The aim of this investigation was to control the dezincification of brass in 3 per cent NaCl solution using benzotriazole (BTA) derivatives. Design/methodology/approach - BTA derivatives namely 1-hydroxymethylbenzotriazole (HBTA) and N,N-dibenzotriazol-l-ylmethylamine(ABTA) were synthesised and their inhibition behaviour on brass in 3 per cent NaCl solution was investigated by the weight-loss method, potentiodynamic polarisation, electrochemical impedance and solution analysis techniques. The morphology of the brass after corrosion in the presence and absence of the BTA derivatives was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Findings - Potentiodynamic polarisation studies showed that the BTA derivatives investigated were mixed type inhibitors, inhibiting the corrosion of brass by blocking the active sites of the brass surface. Changes in the impedance parameters (charge transfer resistance and double layer capacitance) were related to the adsorption of BTA derivatives on the brass surface, leading to the formation of a protective film. Solution analysis revealed that the BTA derivatives excellently controlled the corrosion of brass. SEM micrographs showed the formation of compact surface film on the brass surface in the presence of inhibitors, thereby providing better corrosion inhibition. Originality/value - Contributes to research on corrosion protection for copper and its alloys.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510603265
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  • 19
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    Application of numerical simulation to flow-induced corrosion in flowing seawater systems (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 276-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - To study flow-induced corrosion mechanisms for carbon steel in high velocity flowing seawater and explain corrosive phenomena. Design/methodology/approach - An overall mathematical model for flow-induced corrosion of carbon steel in high velocity flow seawater was established in rotating disk apparatus using both numerical simulation and test methods. By studying the impact of turbulent flow using the kinetic energy of turbulent approach and the effects of the computational near-wall hydrodynamic parameters on corrosion rates, corrosion behaviour and mechanism are discussed here. It is applicable to deeply understand the synergistic effect mechanism of flow-induced corrosion. Findings - It is scientific and reasonable to investigate carbon steel corrosion through correlation of the near-wall hydrodynamic parameters, which can accurately describe the influence of fluid flow on corrosion. The computational corrosion rates obtained by this model are in agreement with measured corrosion data. It is shown that serious flow-induced corrosion is caused by the synergistic effect between corrosion electrochemical factor and hydrodynamic factor. While corrosion electrochemical factor plays a dominant role in flow-induced corrosion. Originality/value - The corrosion kinetics and mechanism of metals in high velocity flowing medium is discussed in this paper. These results will help someone who is interested in flow-induced corrosion to understand in depth the type of issue.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510615767
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  • 20
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    The inhibition by dodecylamine of enhanced dissolution of Cu-Ni alloy initiated by an AFM tip/surface interaction (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 323-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - To investigate the influence of an organic corrosion inhibitor on the enhanced dissolution of metal, initiated by AFM tip scratching in corrosive media. Design/methodology/approach - The test solutions were 1.5?M NaCl and 0.01?M HCl. AFM tip scratching experiments were performed for Cu-Ni alloys in solutions with or without 0.005?M dodecylamine. AFM frictional loop tests were also performed to investigate the effect of dodecylamine on the tip-surface frictional interaction. Findings - Enhanced dissolution of Cu-Ni alloy was observed as a result of AFM tip scratching both in NaCl and HCl solutions, and in HCl the effect was more severe than was the case in NaCl. Enhanced dissolution was inhibited markedly by adding 0.005?M dodecylamine to the corrosive media. The results of frictional loop tests indicated that frictional interaction between the tip and the alloy surface was diminished by the adsorption of dodecylamine on the sample surface. The weakening of tip-surface frictional interaction and the elevation of the ionization energy of metal atoms were responsible for the notable inhibition effect of dodecylamine on the accelerated dissolution. Originality/value - In this paper, the influence of an organic corrosion inhibitor on the corrosion of metal induced by outside forces was investigated. This was carried out initially by AFM scratching skill and the inhibition mechanism of dodecylamine on the enhanced dissolution of Cu-Ni alloy initiated by AFM tip scratching.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510624659
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  • 21
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    Silica fume - formed during the manufacture of ferrosilicon alloys - as an extender pigment in anticorrosive paints (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 345-352 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - This paper is concerned with the study of silica fume that arises in tonnage amounts during the manufacture of ferrosilicon alloys; this was done in order to maximize productivity and to create new market for industrial by-product and/or waste material. Design/methodology/approach - The structure and particle shape of silica fume were identified using X-ray diffraction and electron microscope, respectively. Standard methods were used for the identification of chemical analyses, solubility, hydrogen ion concentration, specific gravity, bulking value, oil absorption, chemical resistance and particle size. The characterized and evaluated silica fume was applied in several paint formulations. The physico-mechanical, chemical and corrosion protective properties of the paint films were measured according to standard methods. Findings - The silica fume under investigation was a fine lightweight fluffy amorphous powder. It has a grayish-white color that makes it suitable for use as a filler and extender pigment in a wide variety of different fields of application; its amorphous nature favors safe use from a standpoint of industrial hygiene. It can be used as an economic pigment that possesses suitable values of specific gravity, bulking value and oil absorption. It also is inert, neutral and of an excellent chemical resistance. The material can be used successfully as an extender pigment in different paint formulations; taking into consideration that alkyd resin based paints should not be used in alkaline environments or mixed with basic pigments, or the paint film will deteriorate. Silica fume particles in the pigment mixture may offer a suitable opportunity for the voids formed by the larger particles to be occupied by smaller ones to produce a condition of maximum packing. It can be successfully used with the flaky aluminum or stainless steel anticorrosive pigments to produce a highly efficient corrosion protective film. Originality/value - There is increasing environmental concern with regard to excessive volumes of solid waste hazards accumulation. Silica fume that arises - as a disposal material - in tonnage amounts during the manufacture of ferrosilicon alloys can find a new market in paint industry. It can be used successfully for anticorrosive paints to provide well backed paint films.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510624686
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    Corrosion inhibitory effects of a new synthetic symmetrical Schiff-base on carbon steel in acid media (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 266-271 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this investigation, the inhibitory effect of a new synthesised tetra-dentate Schiff-base, bis-(2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde) 1,6-hexadiamine (A1), on the corrosion of carbon steel in 1?M HCl and 0.5?M H2SO4 media solutions was studied using various techniques including electrochemical impedance spectroscopy polarisation curves and weight loss. The new compound was shown to be a very good inhibitor and had better behaviour in 1?M HCl than was the case in 0.5?M H2SO4. Potentiodynamic polarisation tests showed that this inhibitor had both cathodic and anodic action. Changes in Tafel and impedance parameters (Icorr, Rct and Cdl) indicated that the absorbed protective film grows with increasing exposure time and concentration of inhibitor. The maximum inhibition efficiency was approximately 97 per cent and 95 per cent at 100?ppm (A1) in 1?M HCl and 0.5?M H2SO4. The adsorption of this inhibitor on a carbon steel surface in both acidic media followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm behaviour.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410541337
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    A multi-point corrosion monitoring system applied in a 1,300?MW coal-fired boiler (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 321-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Combustion modifications to minimize NOX emissions have magnified the importance of waterwall corrosion in coal-fired boilers. The physics and chemistry controlling corrosion processes can be highly non-linear and are challenging to describe in terms of their likely overall combustion behavior. This paper describes the application of a multi-point, real time corrosion surveillance system to a large boiler firing high sulfur coal. This technology, incorporating electrochemical sensing and wireless signal transmission, enables combustion engineers and plant operating personnel to make informed decisions regarding the quantitative relationships between operating conditions, NOX emissions, and any resultant extent/magnitude of waterwall corrosion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410554883
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    Effect of deformation-induced martensite on the pit propagation behavior of 304 stainless steel (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 381-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Specimens of 304 stainless steel with various martensite contents were prepared by a low temperature (-70°C) elongation method. Optical microscopy and transmission electron micrography were used to study the phase structure of the samples. A simulated occluded cell (OC) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy were used to study the chemical and the electrochemical changes within pits on 304 stainless steel containing the different martensite contents. The EIS results showed that the martensite phase decreased not only the solution resistance in pit, but also the polarization resistance value between metal and solution in pit. The composition of the passive film in OC solution was studied by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. It was observed that martensite transformation was a very important factor in changing the composition of the passive film. The martensite phase destroyed the integrality and compactness of the passive film. For these reasons, pit propagation in Type 304 stainless steel was accelerated with increasing martensite content.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410560921
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    A study of carbon steels in basic pitting environments (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 365-370 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - Aims to study the behaviour of four polycrystalline carbon steels in basic pitting solutions. Design/methodology/approach - Electrochemical investigations were carried out on four steels: Fe.06C, Fe.18C, Fe.22C and Fe.43C. The analysis was made using an X-ray fluorescence apparatus. The performance indicator was the pitting potential, which was obtained through potentiodynamic sweeping. Emphasis was placed on the influence of the pH, chlorine concentration, phase proportions in the steel and the initial electrode surface state. Findings - The results showed that in a solution with a low chlorine concentration, the performance of the steels according to pitting corrosion resistance decreased with the increase in carbon content. By raising the chlorine concentration, the order of performance was inverted gradually, while at a high chlorine concentration, the behaviour of the steels tended to be similar. The interpretation of the results is based on the consideration of cathodic reactions on the level of the cementite phase and the difference in the local chemical properties of the solution. In neutral solutions, pitting potentials were shifted cathodically, but the main observations developed for basic solutions remained valid. Originality/value - Provides further research on pitting corrosion.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510624703
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    Corrosion effects on the electrical performance of silver metal contacts (1999)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 46 (1999), S. 85-94 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this work, commercial silver metal contacts welded on top of silver plated brass or brass substrates have been exposed to air rich in NaCl. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive analysis of the exposed contact surfaces were performed to identify the corrosion by-products on top of the silver contacts, suspending wafers, and welding materials. Surface corrosion products were mainly found to consist of small spherules of Cu-Zn or Ag-Cu compounds which cover the surface of the contact proper with low adhesion properties. They mainly originate from the underplating wafer or welding materials. Electrical characterization of the contacting materials was based on dc temperature overheat tests, current switching cycle tests, and energy storage during ac current excitation. The experimental results display that the operating environment is indeed a very significant parameter determining the overall performance of the electrical contacts. New design rules as well as material selection properties may have to be systematically considered to allow for electrochemical induced degradation in saline operating environments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035599910263152
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    Effect of environmental factors on the atmospheric corrosion of mild steel in aggressive sea coastal environment (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 47 (2000), S. 215-226 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The eastern coast of Saudi Arabia has one of the most corrosive environments in the world. Dhahran is therefore an ideal location for the study of atmospheric corrosion. One out of every seven cars in the region is corroded. The atmosphere is contaminated by SO2 and a high concentration of suspended particulate matter (SPM) containing sand, salt and carbon particles, exceeding the World Health Organization (WHO) and Middle East Environmental Protection Agency (MEPA) limits most of the time. Corrosion proceeds in the Dhahran atmosphere at a R.H. as low as 40 per cent. At locations close to the sea (1.5 Km), ß-FeOOH is the major corrosion product and a- and ?-FeOOH with some aluminates, silicates and hydrocarbons the minor products. At a location remote from the sea a- and ?-FeOOH are found to be the major corrosion products as shown by XRD and FTIR spectroscopy. The concentration of hydrogen ions, chloride ions and SO2 appears to control the corrosion process during the initial exposure period up to one year and the adsorption of anions on the corrosion product films in the later period.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590010344312
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    Optimising the corrosion protective abilities of lamellar micaceous iron oxide containing primers (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 47 (2000), S. 226-232 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Lamellar micaceous iron oxide paints are successfully employed to provide longlife corrosion protection for metallic structures when exposed to highly aggressive environments. The aim of this work was to formulate and manufacture lamellar micaceous iron oxide paints, able to be used on the protection of steel structures exposed to water. Several formulation and manufacture variables were taken into account. Many paint films fail when they are saturated with moisture and blistering is a common failure because primers usually are not designed to allow the liquid to dissipate back out through the film. Consequently the film can not resist the formation of projections which result in local adhesion loss. For maximum durability, primers must be properly formulated and manufactured. Film permeability, which depends on paint composition (pigment volume concentration) and micaceous iron oxide dispersion time, seems to be the key characteristic controlling subsequent coating performance. Laboratory results indicated that lamellar micaceous iron oxide is a pigment which provides an anticorrosive action by providing a barrier effect. Film permeability must be compatible so as to attain a satisfactory rusting and blistering resistance.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590010344321
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    Corrosion behaviour of Monel in phosphoric acid (2000)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 47 (2000), S. 285-287 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Nickel alloys are widely used as constructional materials in chemical processing industries. They are very resistant to pitting and crevice corrosion. In the present work, the corrosion behaviour of Monel in phosphoric acid of different concentrations has been studied by weight loss and electrochemical methods. It has been observed from the polarization studies that the passivation range slightly varies with H3PO4 concentration. The nature of the passive film has been investigated using the electrochemical impedance method.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590010351521
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    Stress corrosion cracking behaviour of precipitation hardened stainless steels in high purity water environments (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 48 (2001), S. 37-47 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The susceptibility of 17-4PH and 17-7PH stainless steels to stress corrosion cracking (SCC) is examined in the present investigation. The specimens were tested in the presence of NaCl and NaOH (20%) at 908C and various pH values. The evaluations were carried out using the CERT test, at a speed of 10-6s-1, supplemented by anodic polarisation and electrochemical noise analysis. The main objective was to identify the conditions of both susceptibility and performance of these materials. Fractographic analyses revealed both ductile and brittle fractures. Also, the presence of intergranular cracks was a clear indication of a characteristic anodic dissolution of the material. Nevertheless, the main mechanism for stress corrosion crack propagation was hydrogen embrittlement. From the experimental results, it was concluded that electrochemical noise analysis is a reliable technique for the identification of crack nucleation and growth.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590110365318
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    Corrosion due to AC influence of very high voltage power lines on polyethylene-coated steel pipelines: evaluation of risks - preventive measures (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 48 (2001), S. 221-227 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Shows how observations (1993-1999) and on-site and laboratory measurements (1993-1996) have made it possible to define certain prevalent parameters concerning AC corrosion risks. These are from the evaluation and prevention of AC corrosion risks as practised by Gaz de France.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005629
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    Thermodynamic parameters of electrodeposition of Zn-Co-TiO composite coatings (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 48 (2001), S. 235-241 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Zinc-cobalt alloys have been electrodeposited from a sulphate bath. The effect of process variables, including temperature, time, concentration of cobalt sulfate and current density on the Zn-Co deposition was investigated from kinetic and mechanistic viewpoints. Activation energies, enthalpies and entropies were determined according to Arrhenius and absolute rate theories. The codeposition mechanism of TiO2 with cobalt-zinc in the presence of benzyl triethanol ammonium exthoxylate (BTAE) has been studied. The optimum concentration of the additive was reported. The mechanism of incorporation of TiO2 was suggested and confirmed in view of calculated free energy of adsorption of TiO2. Corrosion resistance of Zn-Co-TiO2 alloy was determined by a salt spray test under most of the plating conditions studied.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005631
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    Nickel base alloys and newer 6Mo stainless steels meet corrosion challenges of the modern day chemical process industries (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 48 (2001), S. 287-297 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The first major nickel alloy introduced to the industry, about 100 years ago, was a Ni-Cu alloy 400. This alloy is still widely used in a variety of industries and will continue to be used in this current century. Over the past 100 years, especially in the last 50 years, improvements in alloy metallurgy, melting technology, and thermo-mechanical processing, along with a better fundamental understanding of the role of various alloying elements has led to new nickel alloys. These have not only extended the range of usefulness of existing alloys by overcoming their limitations, but are reliable and cost-effective and have opened new areas of applications. This paper briefly describes the various nickel alloy systems developed during the last 100 years and comments on what the future holds for the newer alloys developed in the last 20 years and on the competition faced by these alloys in the new millennium. High-temperature alloys are not discussed in this paper.
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    Synergistic inhibition of anionic and nonionic surfactants on corrosion of mild steel in acidic solution (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 48 (2001), S. 309-318 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Sodium oleic sulfonate (SOS), polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (Tween 80 or T80) and their mixtures have been studied as acid corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in 1M HCl using adsorption and gravimetric techniques. All the data reveal that the compounds act as inhibitors in the acid environment. The adsorption and inhibition efficiency are discussed as a function of the concentration and the nature of mixing the two surfactants. T80 + aSOS mixtures show a better inhibition effect than SOS + aT80, that increases with the value of aSOS. The interaction and synergism of the investigated mixtures are studied by calculating the interaction parameters (ß) and the degree of synergism (S) from surface tension-concentration and corrosion data. The degree of synergism for T80 + aSOS is higher than that of SOS + aT80. This is believed to be due to the presence of the small amount of the co-surfactant SOS which serves as an anchor molecule for the nonionic molecules.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005885
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    Influence of sodium sulphite on corrosion inhibition by the sodium gluconate –Zn system (2001)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 48 (2001), S. 371-375 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The inhibition efficiency of sodium gluconate (SG) in controlling corrosion of carbon steel immersed in the environment containing 60 ppm Cl– has been evaluated in the presence and absence of Zn2+ by weight loss method. SG and Zn2+ show a synergistic effect. The protective film has been analysed by FTIR and fluorescence spectra. The protective film consists of Fe2+-gluconate complex and Zn(OH)2. The film is found to be UV-fluorescent. The IE of the SG-Zn2+ system increases in the presence of Na2SO4; but decreases in the presence of Na2SO3 and also in the presence of N-cetyl-N,N,N-trimethyl ammonium bromide. This study reveals that the transporting phenomenon plays a larger role than the scavenging of dissolved oxygen.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006257
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    Poly(styrene sulphonic acid)-doped polyaniline as an inhibitor for the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 49 (2002), S. 19-26 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Poly(styrenesulphonic acid)-doped polyaniline has been synthesised and the influence of this polymeric compound on the inhibition of corrosion of mild steel in 1M HCl has been investigated using weight loss measurements, galvanostatic polarisation studies, electropermeation studies and a.c. impedance measurements. The polymer acts predominantly as an anodic inhibitor. Hydrogen permeation studies and a.c. impedance measurements clearly indicate a very effective performance of the compound as a corrosion inhibitor. The adsorption of the compound on the mild steel surface obeys Temkin's adsorption isotherm.
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    The effect of the temperature change rate on determination of the critical pitting temperature of stainless steels (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 49 (2002), S. 105-110 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Results have been presented of investigations on the effect of the temperature change rate on the critical temperature of pitting corrosion. Investigations of 316L stainless steel have been conducted by cyclic thermometry. An increase has been stated of the critical pitting temperature with increase of the temperature change rate. The dependence of the pitting critical temperature is linear in character for all investigated temperature change rates. Values of the critical temperature of pitting corrosion for stationary conditions (E-ES=0) were obtained by using the extrapolation procedure. The critical pitting temperature obtained by extrapolation practically does not depend on the temperature change rate in the investigated range and is equal to 336.9?K (63.9°C).
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    Inhibition of the corrosion of carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution by bisquaternary ammonium salt (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 49 (2002), S. 127-132 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effectiveness of bisquaternary ammonium salt N,N'-Bis(dodecyldimethyl)-3-oxa-1,5- pentanediammonium dichloride used as corrosion inhibitor for carbon steel in 1.0?M HCl was investigated by weight loss and electrochemical techniques. Surfaces were characterised by scanning electron microscopy. The performance of the bisquaternary ammonium salt was also compared with that of urotropine, a commercial corrosion inhibitor for acid media in industry practice. The results showed good inhibiting action of the inhibitor. The inhibition efficiency increases with the inhibitor concentration but is temperature–independent. N,N'-Bis(dodecyldimethyl)-3-oxa-1,5-pentanediammonium dichloride acts mainly as a mixed-type inhibitor. The inhibition of this bisquaternary ammonium compound was assumed to occur via adsorption of the inhibitor molecule on the metal surface without affecting the corrosion mechanisms. The adsorption of the inhibitor on the metal surface in HCl solution was found to obey Frumkin's isotherm.
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    Mechanism of the action of zinc-powder in anticorrosive coatings (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 49 (2002), S. 173-180 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The present work was directed to the study of mechanisms of the action of zinc powder as an anticorrosive pigment in coating compositions based on binders that are composed of a two-component epoxy, a single-component polyurethane, and epoxy-ester resins. The results of the study have shown that neutralisation and barrier mechanisms contribute more than the electrochemical mechanism to the effectiveness of the anticorrosion protection. During the investigation, the results obtained in corrosion tests were evaluated by investigating the morphology of coatings by means of electron microscopy procedures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590210426436
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    Effects of plasma cleaning and conservation treatment on the corrosion layer of corroded steel - XRD evaluation (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 49 (2002), S. 256-263 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The application of hydrogen plasma on corroded steel and excavated iron artefacts has been studied. Transformations of the corrosion layer due to the plasma effect were investigated by means of X-ray diffraction analysis. The reduction of iron oxides to the stable iron oxide, magnetite, was observed for all the samples. In the case of excavated objects, the reduction to magnetite did not occur throughout the whole of the bulk of the oxides, as it does (for example) in the case of steel corroded in the laboratory. Nevertheless, excavated objects, in which a metallic core remained, were stabilised against subsequent corrosion. However, objects that are completely oxidised must be treated carefully, because treatment may result in the formation of a brittle outer layer, and there is a risk of disintegration of such items, if treated using the plasma conditioning and restoration procedure.
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    High temperature oxidation behaviour of CeO and LaO modified aluminide coatings on carbon steel (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 49 (2002), S. 283-294 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The aluminide and CeO2 and La2O3 containing aluminide coatings on carbon steel have been prepared by a pack cementation process. The influence of CeO2 and La2O3 additions on the oxidation rates of aluminide coatings has been investigated. The performance of coatings was studied by measuring oxidation kinetics, metallography, SEM and X-ray diffraction analysis techniques. The oxidation-resistance of coated carbon steel is discussed on the basis of a decrease in oxidation rates as well as adherence of oxide scales. The oxidation rates of carbon steel and aluminide coatings were markedly reduced in the presence of CeO2 and La2O3 in the temperature range of 700-900°C. The oxidation rates were significantly affected by the morphology of oxide scales. In the case where the structure of oxides scales was not seriously disrupted due to decarburisation, the oxidation rates were significantly reduced.
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    Study of the effect of AC-interference on the cathodic protection of a gas pipeline (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 49 (2002), S. 335-345 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The aim of this fieldwork was the study of the effect of 50Hz AC, induced by high-voltage power lines, on the cathodic protection system of a natural gas pipeline. The effectiveness of cathodic protection was checked through in situ long-term monitoring and analysis of pipeline electrical parameters. The results gave an insight into the problems of the cathodic protection system operation, caused by AC interference. An AC and DC potential interdependence was observed, that previously has hardly been reported, and was scrutinized in relation to cathodically protected pipelines. The effects of the AC-interference and low frequency DC potential fluctuations, as well as the potential deviations from the protection potential, are examined. These phenomena are associated with corrosion susceptibility and difficulties in obtaining reliable cathodic protection measurements.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590210440728
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    Modelling of the effect of operational parameters and concentration of some corrosion inhibitors on the corrosion of carbon steel (2002)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 49 (2002), S. 426-432 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Several corrosion inhibitors, such as, HEDP, sodium molybdate and zinc ions, were added to an aqueous corrosive media containing different concentrations chloride ions, and the corrosion rates (CRs) of carbon steel were measured at various temperatures. It was shown that, in the presence of more than 1,200?ppm of chloride ions, and temperatures greater than or equal to 42.5°C, the combination of HEDP, molybdate and zinc could not control the corrosion in a cooling water system. Then four different models were designed to represent the CR of carbon steel in presence of various corrosive parameters.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590210452770
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    Potential changes in an electric field and electrolytic corrosion (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 25-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Sources have been described of corrosively hazardous electric fields and methods of determination of the corrosion hazard to metal structures caused by electrolytic corrosion. Results of potential and impedance investigations in the field of stray currents flowing out of a tram traction and in the presence of a defined electric field of low frequency have been presented. Uncertainties have been indicated relating to the generally accepted interpretation principles of measurement results in the presence of electric fields. The possibility has been indicated of incorporating the impedance spectroscopy technique to potential-voltage investigations, allowing estimation of the real corrosion interaction of stray currents on underground structures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310456261
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    External corrosion protection systems for flammable and combustible liquids underground storage tanks (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 91-107 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper gives an overview on the evolution and standards development of the external corrosion protection systems used for flammable and combustible liquids underground storage tanks (USTs) in North America. The paper first describes the different types of corrosion protected USTs for flammable and combustible liquids in North America. It then reviews the advantages and disadvantages of each of the corrosion protection systems used. Finally, it looks forward to some of the technical trends in the North American UST industry and the standard certification process for underground tank external corrosion protection, with updates on the technology and standards in the international UST industry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310698065
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  • 46
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    Corrosion characteristics of copper-based IUDs (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 129-135 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A corrosion study of the intra-uterine device, "TCu 380?A", was made using cyclic voltammetry (CV), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and optical microscopy (OM). Blood plasma, whole blood and artificial uterine fluid were used as corrosive media in order to establish a comparative scheme of the corrosion behaviour of copper in the device. In summary, the results obtained were not only similar to work reported previously, but also provided complementary data for a better understanding of the corrosion problem.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310463993
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    The application of Gabor transformation in the harmonic analysis of corrosion processes (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new method of spectral analysis has been proposed for non-stationary harmonic analysis of corrosion processes. The current of a model circuit has been considered which would simulate a first-order electrode reaction proceeding in conditions of a linearly changing electrode potential with a superimposed sinusoid signal. It has been shown that the Fourier transformation approach does not reflect the amplitude changes of harmonic components as a function of constant potential. In addition, it has been shown mathematically that application of Gabor transformation in spectral analysis is a means of obtaining the correct frequency components. The Gabor transform correctly reflects amplitude changes of harmonic components as a function of potential. Digital analysis of current changes by Gabor transformation unequivocally confirmed the usability of this method for harmonic analysis of corrosion processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310471769
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    The beneficial influence of halide ions on the inhibition characteristics of nitrogen-containing organic inhibitors to reduce the corrosion rate of carbon steel in HCl (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 280-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The beneficial effect of halide ions on the inhibition of corrosion of carbon steel in 20 per cent HCl solution in the presence of some nitrogen-containing compounds, cetyl pyridinium chloride, cetyl pyridinium bromide, and hexamine was investigated using potentiodynamic polarisation measurements. Potentiodynamic polarisation studies revealed that all the tested compounds were of anodic-type inhibitors. All of the compounds were able to reduce the corrosion of carbon steel and their performance was enhanced by the addition of iodide ions. The increase in surface coverage in the presence of the iodide ions indicated that iodide ions enhanced the absorption of inhibitor compounds on the metal surface. Auger electron spectroscopic analysis confirmed the joint absorption of the compounds with KI.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310482514
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    Investigation of the chemical and electrochemical behaviour of mass transfer at an archaeological bronze/soil interface (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 326-333 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This paper describes a study on the corrosion behaviour of archaeological bronze in simulated groundwater by means of a simulated occluded cell. The study revealed migration, enrichment and deposition patterns of ions in the environment and the cations produced by anodic dissolution during localised corrosion of bronze. The cycle voltametry technique was utilised for the first time on the study of electrochemical behaviour of the bronze/simulated occluded solution interface. The potential and current peaks of oxidation-reduction at the cathode and anode in the occluded solutions at various time intervals facilitated a study of the corrosion products formation processes and their formation speeds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310492234
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  • 50
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    Spinel and rutile pigments containing Mg, Ca, Zn and other cations for anticorrosive coatings (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 352-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The development of new protective organic coatings is affected by a number of factors, the most important ones at present being those related to environmental acceptability of anticorrosive pigments. An effective solution has been shown to be the application of anticorrosive inorganic pigments based on mixed metal oxides. These pigments consist of spinel and rutile lattice structures. In order to examine the anticorrosive properties, the individual pigments prepared were added to alkyd and styrene-acrylate based test coatings. Both the anticorrosion efficiencies, and the mechanisms of action of the pigments were also evaluated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310492270
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    Inhibition of the corrosion of low carbon steel in acidic solution by selected polyelectrolytes and polymers (2003)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 50 (2003), S. 422-435 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The inhibiting effects of 2,6-ionen and 2,10-ionen type polyvinylbenzyltrimethylammonium chloride, and latex, on low carbon steel in hydrochloric acid solution was investigated by potentiodynamic polarisation measurements and impedance measurement techniques over the temperature range of 20-60°C at different inhibitor concentrations. It was found that the inhibition efficiencies increased with increasing inhibitor concentration. The degree of shift in Ecorr values, together with the change in anodic and cathodic Tafel slopes (ßa, ßc), revealed that the studied inhibitors behaved as anodic inhibitors. Thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for dissolution and adsorption were also calculated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590310501585
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  • 52
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    Anticorrosive spinel-type pigments of the mixed metal oxides compared to metal polyphosphates (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 6-17 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The spinel-type pigments of a general formula corresponding to AB2O4 containing as A the Mg2+ or Zn2+ ions and as B the Fe3+ or Al3+ ions or combinations of both the A and B were prepared and investigated with respect to their anticorrosive action as pigments in organic coatings. For the same purposes, comparative pigments, known for their efficiency as the metal-corrosion inhibiting ingredients in similar formulations, were used. Further evaluation was carried out on the properties of condensed phosphates as anticorrosion pigments. The results obtained showed the high anticorrosion action of the spinel-type pigments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410512681
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    Development of high temperature resistant modified aluminide and titanium aluminide coatings on stainless steel 316 (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 41-51 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Stainless steel 316 was coated with CeO2 and Y2O3 modified aluminide and titanium aluminide coatings. The coatings were prepared by the pack cementation method and the high temperature oxidation behaviour of the coatings was investigated in an atmosphere containing a limited supply of air. The performance of the coatings was studied by measuring oxidation kinetics, and by scanning electron microscopic techniques. The oxidation rates of these coatings were reduced in the presence of CeO2 and Y2O3 due to better adherence of their oxide scales.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410512726
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  • 54
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    Corrosion stability of SUS316L HVOF sprayed coatings as lightweight bipolar plate materials in PEM fuel cells (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 136-142 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This study investigated the corrosion stability of high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spray SUS316L coatings on aluminium substrate as lightweight bipolar plate materials for proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFC). Contact resistance, microhardness and structure of the coatings were characterised using a four-point probe, pneumatic microhardness, XRD and scanning electron microscope techniques. Preliminary electrochemical results indicate that the SUS316L coated plates significantly lowered the corrosion current of the aluminium substrate by more than one order of magnitude. Corrosion stability in relation to the coating thickness is discussed in terms of the structure composition and transpassivity of chromium.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410523238
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    An investigation on the atmospheric corrosion behaviour of coatings of electrical equipment in the coast of Persian Gulf - Bandar Abbas (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 209-215 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Electrical industry equipment in the southern parts of Iran have sustained severe damages as a result of corrosive soil containing different kinds of salt, in combination with the corrosive local atmosphere. The present paper is the result of investigations into the behaviour of coatings for various electrical insulators end-fittings. In this research, the performance of Al-Zn alloy coating was compared to conventional galvanized zinc coatings by means of atmospheric corrosion tests. The results demonstrated the higher corrosion resistance of the alloy coatings, compared to that of conventional galvanized coatings. Insulator end-fittings generally are made of steel, which are coated with a hot-dip galvanized coating. The combination of Al and Zn elements in this coating was demonstrated to possess better galvanic protection and lower corrosion rate than did pure zinc.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410533165
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    A study of localised corrosion within occluded cells on a simulated cast iron artefact in chloride solution (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 259-265 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The chemical behaviour within the occluded cell of simulated cast iron artefact in 3.5 percent NaCl solution has been investigated by means of a simulated occluded cell. It was observed that the pH value and the amount of Cl- migration in the occluded cell were related to the quantity of passing electric current. Electrochemical techniques were capable of providing information on the behaviour of the cast iron in a simulated occluded cell at various time intervals. The results of potentiodynamic polarisation and impedance measurements indicated that corrosion potentials became more negative and the cast iron was corroded more seriously. SEM micrographs clearly revealed the morphologies of specimens after simulated occluded cell galvanostatic tests for different time intervals at 1?mA/cm2 anodic current density. An auto-catalysing process was responsible for the enrichment of chloride ions in occluded cell which was confirmed by Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410541328
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    Benzimidazole-2-tione and benzoxazole-2-tione derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for aluminium in hydrochloric acid (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 282-293 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The effect of benzimidazole-2-tione and benzoxazole-2-tione derivatives on the corrosion of aluminium in 0.1?M HCl has been investigated by a potentiostatic polarisation technique. Inhibition efficiencies were found to follow the order: benzimidazole-2-tione 〉 5-methyl benzimidazole-2-tione 〉 5-chloro benzimidazole-2-tione, while that of benzoxazole-2-tione derivatives were found to follow the order: 5-methyl benzoxazole-2-tione 〉 benzoxazole-2-tione 〉 5-chloro benzoxazole-2-tione 〉 5-nitro benzoxazole-2-tione. The inhibitive action of these heterocyclic compounds was mainly due to adsorption on the metal surfaces, which show parallelism with the calculated total negative charge of each of the molecules. Thermodynamic parameters, such as values of free energies of adsorption ?Gads and values of equilibrium constants Kads, were determined. Activation energies Ea, activation enthalpies ?H* and activation entropies ?S* were determined from the corrosion currents measured at different temperatures.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410541364
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    Cyclic oxidation behaviour of a Ni-Mo-Cr alloy at 800°C (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 339-347 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The oxidation behaviour of a wrought Ni-Mo-Cr alloy was studied under thermal cyclic conditions in air at 800°C for exposure periods of up to 1,000?h. The morphologies, microstructures and compositions of the oxide scales were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Oxidation kinetics were determined by weight gain measurements. Results show that steady-state oxidation was achieved within 1?h of exposure while partial scale spalling was observed after 400?h. The alloy grain boundaries intersecting the alloy surface showed preferential oxidation. They became depleted in Ni and enriched in Mo and Cr during transient oxidation. The scale initially formed at the surface was NiO which grew outwardly and laterally to cover the entire alloy. Upon continued oxidation, the scale developed into an outer NiO layer and an inner Cr2O3 layer while the presence of NiMoO4 was also observed within the scale.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410554900
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    Spectral study and antifouling assessment of some thiosemicarbazone derivatives (2004)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 51 (2004), S. 406-413 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Three thiosemicarbazone derivatives were synthesised: p-chlorobenzylideneamino thiosemicarbazone, p-itrobenzylideneamino thiosemicarbazone and p-N,N?'-dimethylminobenzylideneamino thiosemicarbazone. The structures of these compounds were characterised by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR and UV spectral measurements. The antifouling properties of the compounds were evaluated through the incorporation of each compound in a marine coating system and testing the system in Alexandria Eastern Harbour water. The results are discussed in the light of the leaching rate of the compounds from their paint films, and their interaction with paint matrix.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590410560958
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    A consideration of the effects of solvent characteristics on cementation processes for the removal of toxic metals and wastes (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 42-46 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - The objective of the present work was to study the kinetics of copper cementation on Fe metal in an acetone-water medium and in a dioxane-water medium. Design/methodology/approach - The impact of solvent concentration on cementation rate was determined by measuring the rate of copper cementation from CuSO4 onto an iron plate in the absence and in the presence of acetone and dioxane solvents.The thermodynamic parameters ?H#, ?S# and ?G# of the cementation of CuSO4-organic solvents were calculated. Linear plots of ?H# versus ?S# were obtained. Findings - It was demonstrated that the rate of cementation decreased with increasing concentration of solvents and increasing temperature. The isokinetic temperature data indicate that the cementation reaction is controlled by the entropy of the system. Originality/value - The findings have important implications for the reclamation of toxic and valuable metals from industrial waste streams.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510574907
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    -heterocyclic amines and derivatives as corrosion inhibitors for iron in perchloric acid (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 11-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - Work reported in the present paper investigated the inhibiting properties of a number of N-heterocyclic amines in 0.1?mol/l HClO4. An attempt also was made to correlate some molecular parameters of these compounds with their corrosion inhibitor efficiency. Design/methodology/approach - The test series included piperidine (pip), 2-methylpiperidine (2mp), 3-methylpiperidine (3mp), cis-2,6-dimethylpiperidine (26dp), 3,5-dimethylpiperidine (35dp), 3-hydroxy piperidine (3hp), 4-hydroxypiperidine (4hp), 4-aminopiperidine (4ap), piperazine (pz), 2-methylpiperazine (2mpz) and cis-2,6-dimethylpiperazine (26dpz). The inhibiting effect was investigated in 0.1&?mol/L HClO4 by potentiodynamic polarization (DC) and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Findings - The results show that these compounds suppressed both cathodic and anodic processes of iron corrosion in 0.1?mol/l HClO4 by adsorption on the surface, which followed a Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Experimental observations indicated that basic piperidine and piperazine were better corrosion inhibitors than were their derivatives. The inhibition properties of N-heterocyclic amines were found to be related to the charge on the nitrogen atom and the sum of the net charge of the all six atoms from the cyclic ring. Originality/value - This paper provides useful information relative to corrosion inhibition efficiency of the group of N-heterocyclic amines. It is concerned with a theoretical explanation between electronic and structural characteristics of these compounds and their inhibitor efficiency.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510574871
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    Ortho-, meta-, and para-aminophenol-N-salicylidenes as corrosion inhibitors of zinc in sulfuric acid (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 108-117 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - The evaluation of Schiff bases derived from o-, m- and p-aminophenols and salicylaldehyde as corrosion inhibitors of zinc in sulfuric acid and to study their action mechanism. Design/methodology/approach - The effect of various parameters on the behaviour of these inhibitors has been studied using the weight loss and polarization measurements. Findings - In general, the ortho isomer was highly effective as a corrosion inhibitor because it formed a chelate with a six-membered ring and moreover the ortho isomer possessed pronounced electromeric effect. These inhibitors obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The almost constant performance with temperature in the case of ortho and para isomers in 0.5?M sulfuric acid suggested strong adsorption bonds. The thermodynamic parameters suggested that this strong interaction of the inhibitor molecules with the metal surface resulted in spontaneous adsorption. It may be concluded that a good inhibitor is characterised by a relatively greater decrease in free energy of adsorption, lower entropy of adsorption and higher heat of adsorption. Polarization data indicated that all these isomers were predominantly cathodic inhibitors. The conjoint effect of external cathodic current and these inhibitors was either synergistic or additive. Research limitations/implications - Even more powerful Schiff bases need to be synthesised and evaluated as corrosion inhibitors with a number of metals and alloys in diverse media, which may be effective at low concentrations. Originality/value - Very few inhibitors exhibit such excellent inhibitive effect on zinc in aggressive corrosive media. Rarely do we find such detailed studies.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510584825
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    Cyclic nitrones as novel organic corrosion inhibitors for carbon steel in acidic media (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 154-159 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - To demonstrate corrosion inhibition capabilities of new cyclic nitrones, containing hydrophobic substituents. Design/methodology/approach - A number of new cyclic nitrones were synthesized. Corrosion inhibition efficiencies of these organic inhibitors were determined by gravimetric and electrochemical methods, using carbon steel as the substrate metal and 1?M HCl at 60°C as the corrosive environment. Concentration of inhibitor was varied between 50 and 400?ppm. Findings - All compounds exhibited excellent corrosion efficiencies that ranged between 90.0 and 98.3 percent in 1?M HCl at 60°C. Tafel tests corroborated these results. Research limitations/implications - The inhibitors were tested in acidic medium. It is unknown how these inhibitors will function in the presence of other ions that are typically present in natural corrosive environment. Originality/value - All organic compounds presented in this work are new and this is the first time their corrosion inhibition characteristics have been evaluated.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510595148
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    The effect of isomers of some organic compounds as inhibitors for the corrosion of carbon steel in sulfuric acid (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 219-225 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - To study the effects of isomers of organic compounds such as phenylenediamine, toluidine and nitroaniline as inhibitors for the corrosion of carbon steel in sulfuric acid. Design/methodology/approach - Standard methods have been adopted in this study such as weight loss, polarization tests, impedance measurements and hydrogen permeation studies to find out the corrosion behavior of carbon steel in sulfuric acid with and without inhibitors. Findings - All the selected isomers inhibited the corrosion. The best performance was found in ortho-phenylenediamine when compared with other inhibitors under study. Originality/value - It clearly shows the effect of isomers of phenylenediamine, toluidine and nitroaniline. The method of study may be applicable to find out the performance of other isomers of organic compounds. As these isomers behave as good inhibitors in sulfuric acid, these may be tried as inhibitors in other acids. Hence, this study is useful to academics and researchers in the field of corrosion science and engineering.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510603256
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    Corrosion protection and mechanical performance of SiO2 (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 266-275 
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    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - To evaluate the corrosion performance and nano-mechanical behaviour of a brass substrate covered by different thick SiO2 layers deposited by means of plasma enhanced chemical vapour deposition (PECVD) technique. Design/methodology/approach - The comparison between laboratory and "industrial" objects revealed a very good corrosion behaviour and good mechanical performance of both of them: in particular it was possible to modulate the surface treatment to solve various problems from the industrial point of view. Findings - It was possible to reduce the Cu migration into the SiO2 coating during the PECVD deposition at a negligible level and to control it by the deposition; further, the nano-indentation tests revealed the great utility of the coating annealing in obtaining a significant improvement of the mechanical properties of the coated objects. Research limitations/implications - Even if some industrial problems were solved (minimization of the presence of the coating defects and transparency of the coatings), some on the layer hardness (anti-wear behaviour of the industrial objects) has to be better investigated and possibly solved. Practical implications - The work reports a deposition process that is carried out industrially over a two year period. Originality/value - This research reports a PECVD process realized on industrial objects: the originality is in the reached corrosion and mechanical performances that made it possible to realize a satisfactory industrial deposition.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510615758
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    The inhibition of aluminium corrosion in potassium hydroxide by "Congo Red" dye, and synergistic action with halide ions (2005)
    Bradford : Emerald
    Anti-corrosion 52 (2005), S. 293-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-5599
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Purpose - To investigate the inhibitive effect of Congo red dye (CR) for aluminium corrosion in strong alkaline solutions and evaluate the synergistic effect of halide ions on the inhibition efficiency. Design/methodology/approach - Corrosion rates of aluminium test coupons were determined by gravimetric technique at 30 and 60°C. Inhibition efficiencies of the additives (0.01-5.0?mM CR and 5.0?mM CR+0.5?mM halides) were evaluated by comparing corrosion rates of the test coupons in 2?M KOH solution in the absence and presence of the additives. Findings - CR inhibited aluminium corrosion in 2?M KOH by physical adsorption of the dye molecules on the corroding metal surface. Maximum efficiency at 30 and 60°C was 31.72 and 19.32 per cent, respectively. Dye adsorption was enhanced in the presence of halides in the order KCl?〈?KBr?〈?KI, with KI increasing efficiency up to 48.63 and 41.70 per cent at 30 and 60°C, respectively. Research limitations/implications - Further studies to involve variation of dye and halide concentrations for CR+halide systems to determine the best combination for optimum inhibition synergism. Originality/value - This paper forms part of an extensive database on the inhibition characteristics of organic dyes for corrosion of different metals in various aggressive environments. This is to serve as a guide to possible applications in metal-surface anodizing and as additives in surface coatings for service in different environments.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00035590510615794
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    Technical, economic and consumer barriers to the consumption of reduced fat bakery products (2000)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 30 (2000), S. 16-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Qualitative research with both consumers and industry representatives, in this MAFF-funded project, allowed assessment of current barriers to the production and consumption of reduced fat bakery products. In addressing the way forward, there were four key areas where barriers existed: consumer attitudes, product quality (technical), economic and legislative issues. These must be tackled if reduced fat bakery products are to succeed in the marketplace.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650010304710
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    Five a day - challenges and achievements (2000)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 30 (2000), S. 30-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food funded the project increasing vegetable and fruit consumption between 1994 and 1996. The project was carried out in three phases comprising a nationwide survey of attitudes towards increasing fruit and vegetable intake, a community-based intervention trial and a workplace intervention trial. This paper reports qualitative data from focus group work with participants of the phase 2 community intervention describing some of the realities and challenges associated with achieving five a day in a free-living setting.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650010304747
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    Foreign bodies cause most recalls (2000)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 30 (2000), S. 187-191 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Foreign body contamination of food and drink products is the single biggest cause of product recalls in the UK. However, not every foreign body incident need result in a recall, and immediate scientific investigation of the nature and cause of the foreign body can help manufacturers determine the best approach to dealing with a specific incident and in preventing its recurrence.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650010330225
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    Dietary advice to customers of a retail pharmacy store (2000)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 30 (2000), S. 310-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The initiative, to enable customers to receive dietary advice from a state-registered dietitian, in the pharmacy stores of Superdrug in the Midlands, provided an easily accessible and useful way of making available such advice to those visiting the store.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650010352898
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    What is the future for GM foods in the UK? (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 19-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: An Institute of Grocery Distribution (IGD) industry workshop to explore possible future scenarios for GM foods concluded that, from the current market rejection of GM soya, any development of consumer acceptance of GM products will be a gradual process. Niche markets are likely to develop first, possibly through the introduction of products delivering overt consumer benefits. Mainstream markets, possibly leading to full consumer acceptance of GM products, may eventually follow. The timescale for these changes is likely to be at least five to ten years for the development of niche markets, and possibly as long as 20 or even 40 years for full acceptance of GM products.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110361211
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    Integrated software for hygiene management (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 27-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Describes the first fully integrated software program for hygiene management for food processors; a look at the company which developed it; the reasons behind its development; and who in the workplace uses it. The software provides manufacturers with complete control over all aspects of hygiene. It is particularly applicable to short-life/high-care products such as sandwiches and snack foods. In this rapidly growing industry sector, major sandwich retailers are increasingly insisting that suppliers provide hygiene audits and compliance with the new European Food Safety Inspection Scheme (EFSIS) before they will accept products from a supplier.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110361329
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    Conference review: nutrition and health in younger women (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 67-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A recent national survey raised concern about the diets and lifestyle habits of young women. Whilst nutrient intakes among the younger groups were generally adequate, some girls aged 15-18 years had low intakes of many nutrients including vitamin A, folate, zinc, iron and calcium and low vitamin D status and ferritin levels. Of girls of this age, 16 per cent were dieting to lose weight and energy intake was low in relation to the estimated average requirement. Moreover, 69 per cent were not meeting the Health Education Authority recommendation for moderate activity levels. In response to these findings the British Nutrition Foundation held a one-day conference to discuss current nutrition and lifestyle issues for younger women.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110366973
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    Tea as a protective agent in cardiovascular health (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 75-79 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Tea is one of the most popular and widely consumed beverages in the world. This product of Camellia sinensis is a rich source of polyphenolic flavonoids. These agents are known to possess potent antioxidant activity in vitro and may contribute up to 45 per cent of daily antioxidant intake in the United Kingdom. A range of epidemiological evidence suggests that tea consumption may have a protective effect against cardiovascular disease. It is inferred that this effect is a consequence of flavonoids protecting low density lipoprotein from oxidative damage. This assertion however is as yet not supported by a large body of in vivo observations. There is now a great need to explore alternative mechanisms for the cardioprotective actions of tea flavonoids.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110366991
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    Injured bacteria in foods (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 84-88 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Food can contain a variety of micro-organisms such as the bacteria Salmonella and E. coli and the yeasts and moulds. The presence of micro-organisms in foodstuffs can affect both the safety and quality of the product. Consequently, food manufacturers have developed food processing treatments that help preserve foods, by destroying the micro-organisms that are present or by injuring them and thus preventing their growth. There are many sites within a bacterial cell that can become damaged when the bacteria are subjected to these food processing treatments. These sites include the genetic material of the cell (DNA, RNA) and also the cell membrane. Some bacteria have developed ways to survive some processing treatments. These include the production of heat shock and cold shock proteins that help the cell function normally under higher or lower temperatures than normal. Some treatments will cause irreparable damage and the cells will be destroyed. However, sometimes the damage will be repairable and the cells are able to repair and recover. The micro-organisms that are destroyed by processing will not cause subsequent food poisoning or spoilage, but organisms that are injured and become repaired could cause subsequent food spoilage or poisoning. The uninjured cells will be those organisms that are most easily detected and enumerated by current microbiological methods. The results gained from use of these methods are used to assess the risks of food spoilage and safety. However, the injured bacteria must also be accounted for. These organisms can also pose a food safety and/or spoilage risk as they can repair if the conditions become favourable. Therefore suitable test methods to detect bacteria within foodstuffs should be developed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110367008
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    Nutritional status of Brazilian lactating women (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 194-200 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dietary intake and anthropometric measurements (body weight and skinfold thickness) of 42 lactating mothers were monitored for six months postpartum. Dietary questionnaires were also applied. Nutrient consumption was compared with the recommended dietary allowances. The corporal weight decreased gradually over the period. The thigh skinfold was the one that reached statistically significant variation. The mean energy intake was 1,911 kcal/day and 2,144 kcal/day during first and sixth months respectively. The daily most consumed foods, within the respective food groups, were: rice, bread, beans, milk, fish, bananas, oranges, fruit juices and oil. The diets were hyperproteic during the studied period. Dietary inadequacies regarding micronutrients were also observed, especially for folate, Zn and calcium. These results indicate that the Brazilian lactating women of low socioeconomic status are at high risk of energy and nutrient inadequacies. This information may be of great value to improve lactating women's diets.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110392280
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    The anti-bacterial activity of 12 against (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 238-241 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A total of 12 Alliums, used for culinary purposes, were examined for anti-bacterial activity against Escherichia coli using disc assay and minimum lethal concentration methods. The 12 Alliums were: garlic (Allium sativum); onion (A. cepa); shallot (A. cepa var. ascolonicum); everlasting onion (A.cepa "Perutile"); ramsons (A.ursinum); leek (A. porrum); chives (A. schoenoprasum); wild leek (A. ampeloprasum); Babington's leek (A. ampeloprasum var. babingtonii); Chinese chives (A. ramosum); nodding onion (A. cernuum) and crow garlic (A. vineale). Garlic, ramsons, wild leek, Babington's leek, Chinese chive and crow garlic exhibited anti-bacterial activity. The correlation coefficient between the results of the disc assay and minimum lethal concentration methods was highly significant (r = 0.977; p = 0.0001).
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005614
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    Consumer perception of food risk in chicken meat (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 270-279 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Growing concerns about risks to public health have heightened consumer awareness of safety in food consumption. Understanding consumer perception of risk and impact on purchase behaviour is a key issue for the mutual benefit of both consumers and food industry. An exploratory study in the form of personal interviews was carried out to investigate the perceived main food risks in chicken meat product, together with the components of perceived loss and risk reducing strategies. The results suggested the importance of lifestyle loss as a separate factor along with health, financial, time, and product performance loss. Risk reducing strategies adopted by consumers were matched with the marketing strategies used by the food industry, such as product quality assurance, product information and pricing. Consumers felt able to reduce exposure to food safety risk by personal control in the post-purchase handling and preparation of chicken meat.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110409092
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    Food and nutrient intake of Hallelujah vegetarians (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 293-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Reports the results of a survey of followers of the mostly raw, pure vegetarian, Hallelujah diet, which is promoted by the Hallelujah Acres Foundation in the USA. Seven-day semi-quantitative dietary records kept by 141 followers of the diet were collected and analyzed for nutrient intake. Claims self-reported improvements in health and quality of life after adoption of the diet were significant (p 〈 1E-07). Mean daily consumption of fruits and vegetables was 6.6 servings and 11.4 servings, respectively. Salads, fruits, carrot juice and grain products provided 60-88 per cent of most nutrients. The mean energy intake was 1,460kcal/day for women and 1,830kcal/day for men. Claims that, with some modifications, this diet pattern allows people to adopt a low calorie diet sufficient in most nutrients.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110409128
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    Taste of Success (2002)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 32 (2002), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Explains the new Taste of Success scheme, which aims to reward good work with food in UK schools. The scheme has been running since September 2001, is supported by Sainsbury's, the Design and Technology Association, the British Nutrition Foundation and the Department for Education and Skills. It reviews the scheme's operation, comprising an awards scheme for pupils to gain recognition of their practical food work, online resources to provide information on product development issues and manufacturing case studies and training sessions for teachers. To date, over 10,000 pupils from around the UK have taken part in the scheme.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650210412123
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    Sociological analysis of food and nutrition in Iran (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 129-135 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper seeks to analyze the food and nutrition of Iran and the impact of the social elements on this system. Regards food and nutrition as a system with the following sub-systems: production, importation, processing, storing, distribution and consumption. In relation to production, there has been a production increase in recent years, yet food shortages continue to exist. Imports of food are on the rise except for beef. Food processing is getting modernized, but traditional processing is not yet standardized. The system of food storing has deficiencies. Food distribution takes place in three different ways, though with some malfunction. Finally, regarding food consumption, there are entirely different patterns among various social classes. Suggests that food production should increase, and that there should be a reduction of food imports, a reduction of food wastages, an increase in the level of processing standards, a reduction in food shortages and better distribution of food.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110385837
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    Influence of dietary choline and tryptophan on motivational state (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 147-154 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This article concludes that dietary choline and tryptophan could influence motivational state. Investigates the link between diet and motivational state. In particular, examines how the neurotransmitter precursors choline and tryptophan are derived from the diet, how an increase in these precursors can enhance the production of the neurotransmitters acetylcholine (ACh) and serotonin (5-HT) in the brain, and finally how the increase in these neurotransmitters can increase neuronal function and, as a result, brain activity. Increased synaptic release of both ACh and 5-HT was found to be associated with increased brain activity. A new "neurotransmitter binding theory" is hypothesised, which is then used to associate increased brain activity with elevations in mood and an increased ability to concentrate, think and make rational decisions.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110385864
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    Grimsby - still Europe's food town (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 226-229 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A long heritage in making food products from the harvest of some of the world's richest seas and soils has substantiated Grimsby's claim to be "Europe's food town". Since the 1960s, there have been enormous changes in the way in which food raw materials are converted into food products and in the way we buy and use them. Above all, there has been a huge proliferation in the variety of food products on the market. A total of 15,000 people in the town owe their livelihoods to its food companies' continuing innovation to keep ahead of the market.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000005615
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    The use of models in the maintenance of the hygienic quality of foods (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 234-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Examines the hazard analysis critical control point system (HACCP) for maintaining the microbiological quality of foods. In particular, it deals with the cooling of foods and uses the Heisler model to predict the cooling effects of various types of cooling equipment on different types of food.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110396619
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    Investigation of dietary fibre in some edible mushrooms from Macedonia (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 242-246 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Analyzes seven kinds of edible wild Macedonian mushrooms for their total dietary fibre (TDF) content, according to the official Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC) method for plants as well as according to Hackman's method for material of animal origin. Elemental analysis (C, H, N) of TDF procedures was performed in order to confirm the uniformity of the isolated products. The TDF contents of the mushrooms as measured by the AOAC method (8.71 per cent dry wt.) were considerably greater than those determined using the Hackman method (5.53 per cent dry wt.). Two products were isolated, both with C and H contents very similar to chitin and cellulose. These products differ from cellulose as they contain N. The infra-red (IR) spectra of the TDF isolates obtained according to both the applied methods were very similar to the IR spectrum of chitin. In all spectra cellulose is missing.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110396664
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    Supplementing the normal hospital diet with fortified and unfortified snacks (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 279-285 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This paper sets out to describe a patient feeding intervention designed by a trust dietitian and a contract catering dietitian. Recent findings have indicated that many hospital patients are admitted to hospital in a malnourished state and that a greater percentage are discharged in a malnourished state. Clearly there is inadequate consumption of energy and protein by many hospital patients. The reasons are numerous but the outcome is disheartening. Something must be done to improve the consumption of food in hospitals. During the trial several simple incidents arose which challenged our intervention. This paper provides a simple method of increasing energy and protein intake and practical information regarding the challenges of this trial.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650110409100
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    Evaluation of body composition: a comparison between two systems of bioelectrical impedance (2001)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 31 (2001), S. 304-309 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study compared resistance (R) and body composition obtained via the bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) leg-to-leg system with the arm-to-leg system, using underwater weighing as a standard method. The study subjects were 48 healthy men between 20-40 years old. No difference was observed in the means of R, per cent body fat (%BF) and fat-free mass (FFM) obtained from the two systems, but the range of individual differences was from - 70 to + 60ohms for R, from - 5 to + 7kg for FFM and - 8 to + 8 for %BF. The two systems of BIA overestimated the %BF and underestimated FFM. Concludes that LLS is an alternative to assessment of body composition in epidemiological studies. However, independent of the system, BIA is not appropriate for estimating body composition at an individual level.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/EUM0000000006156
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    Recipe calculations (2002)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 32 (2002), S. 13-16 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Provides some suggestions for consideration by anyone involved in the nutritional calculation of recipes. Topics such as weights of ingredients, conversions of weights from imperial to metric, use of raw or cooked ingredients and specific cooking methods are all discussed.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650210412141
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    Does caffeine protect against Parkinson's disease? A preliminary study (2002)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 32 (2002), S. 227-230 
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    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This preliminary paper reviews recent evidence that suggests that there is a strong link between increasing consumption of caffeine and reduced incidence of Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease currently affects 1 in 1,000 of the general population and has no cure. Whilst the biological changes resulting in Parkinson's disease symptoms are well known, the initial cause of these is not. Should a relatively simple lifestyle factor such as caffeine be proven to protect against Parkinson's disease, then this represents a major breakthrough in knowledge about the disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650210454217
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    Selected toxic metal levels in seasonal fruits of Pakistan (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 33 (2003), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Levels of selected essential and non-essential metals (Cd, Cr, Pb, Cu, Fe and Zn) and those of macro-nutrients (Ca, K, Mg and Na) are estimated in 15 different seasonal fruits available in local Pakistan markets. The wet digestion oxidation method was used for the analysis of samples by the flame atomic absorption technique. The results indicated almost 100 percent incidence of occurrence of trace metals and macro-nutrients in all fruits. The highest concentration was observed for zinc, ranging between 0.13 and 79.9mg/kg, wet weight, respectively for banana and mango. The iron levels ranged from 0.55 to 44.8mg/kg, wet weight, for pomegranate and mango. The concentrations of Cd, Cr, Pb and Cu remained at marginal levels, except for certain fruits where the concentrations were very high. The data are compared with allowed safe limits laid down by WHO.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650310459518
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    Role of non-digestible carbohydrates in colon cancer protection (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 33 (2003), S. 28-33 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The contribution of non-digestible carbohydrates to colon cancer protection is becoming more clearly established. While the causes of colon cancer are multifold, experimental and epidemiological evidence suggests that various dietary components play a significant role in the mitigation of various colon cancer-inducing factors. Recent developments in the characterization and quantification of these components, which include fructooligosaccharides, dietary fiber and resistant starch, indicate an association between their intake and colon cancer prevention. Considerable physicochemical modifications occur in the colon with the presence of non-digestible carbohydrates, primarily because these carbohydrates act as selective prebiotic fermentation substrates for beneficial colonic probiotic bacteria to produce short chain fatty acids (SCFA). These SCFA elicit effects such as alteration in preneoplastic lesions, enzyme induction, suppression of mutations, and binding of potential carcinogens. Prebiotic-probiotic interaction and activity is therefore key in colon cancer protection by non-digestible carbohydrates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650310459545
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  • 92
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    Iron deficiency anaemia in infants attended at municipal primary health care centres in Rio de Janeiro - Brazil (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 33 (2003), S. 50-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study evaluated the prevalence of anaemia and its association with various risk factors in 500 infants attended at two municipal primary health care centres in Rio de Janeiro. Anaemia was assessed using a portable haemoglobinometer (HemoCue). Nutritional status was assessed via weight/age, weight/height and height/age indices. The cut off value –2 z score was used to define underweight, wasted and stunted children according to the National Centre for Health and Statistics - NCHS - curves. Socio-economic and biological data were obtained from the child's mother through the use of questionnaires. No association was corroborated between the prevalence of anaemia and the studied risk factors. Development of primary health care intervention is important as a means of reducing the incidence of anaemia in infants, especially in boys and children in the second semester of life, who demonstrated a higher risk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650310466628
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  • 93
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    Survey of the nutritional content of meat products on sale in Scotland from butchers' shops and multiple retailers (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 33 (2003), S. 98-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In response to concerns over the role of meat products in the Scottish diet, a study of the nutritional analysis of a range of meat products for sale in Scotland was carried out. The nutritional analysis of products was compared with that in the composition of foods (Royal Society of Chemistry and Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries, and Food). This indicated a probable reduction in the fat content of some products, such as sausage-rolls and burgers. It is concluded that more information could be conveyed to consumers on the nutritional value of meat products to enable informed choices to be made based on the value of products in a balanced diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650310476087
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  • 94
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    Breast-feeding, weaning diet and iron deficiency anaemia in infants (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 33 (2003), S. 111-119 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study describes the breast-feeding profile as well as the consumption of iron source foods and vitamin C source foods for both anaemic and non-anaemic children. A total of 500 infants attending two Municipal Primary Health-Care Centres in Rio de Janeiro were assessed. The prevalence of anaemia was 57.6 per cent. A low probability of consumption of exclusive breast-feeding at four months was found (9 per cent for anaemic and 12 per cent for non-anaemic). Further findings showed that the early consumption of cow's milk, as well as the low probability of consumption and late introduction of beans, liver and green vegetables in the child's diet, were considered risk dietary factors for iron deficiency anaemia among the evaluated children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650310476104
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    Dietary phytoestrogens - a role in women's health (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 33 (2003), S. 16-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Interest into the role of dietary phytoestrogens and their potential effects on women's health has dramatically increased over the past decade. Phytoestrogens, and in particular isoflavone-rich soya foods, are now believed to play a role in alleviating symptoms of the menopause, maintaining bone density, reducing blood cholesterol levels, protecting against cancer development. In addition they exhibit potent antioxidant activities. Evidence is now sufficiently strong for both the US FDA and the UK JHCI to have approved use of food health claims for intakes of 25g soya protein daily, complete with their constituent isoflavones, for the reduction of blood cholesterol levels. This article reviews the main areas of evidence for the role of phytoestrogens in women's health and practical approaches to increasing phytoestrogen-rich foods in the daily diet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650310459527
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  • 96
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    Children's diets: should they be taken with a pinch of salt? (2002)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 32 (2002), S. 231-236 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Evidence for the harmful effect of salt on the health of adults is growing and is now so overwhelming that government authorities and health experts are recommending that adults should not consume more than 6g of salt a day. However, no such recommendations exist for children. Presents evidence to show that by eating their current high-salt diet children are storing up health problems for the future. Evidence also exists to show that children's poor diets are having health implications now, such as worsening of asthma and possibly preventing children from achieving their peak bone mass. Children's diets have already been shown to increase the risk of obesity, heart disease and other health problems and these problems are being compounded by a high salt intake. Food providers and industry need to follow the lead of most major supermarkets, and gradually start to reduce the level of salt in food provided for both adults and children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650210454226
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    Dietary intakes of Greek basketball players (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 33 (2003), S. 23-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: This study assesses the nutritional status of 15 elite athletes. Their body weight, height and skinfold thickness were measured and BMI calculated. Dietary intakes were assessed using three days' dietary diaries for each athletic season. Data were collected over three athletic seasons, the transitional (vacation), the training and the competitive. The results showed that the athletes' mean energy intake decreased from the transitional to the training season. and that during the competitive season most athletes were not in energy balance. Their mean protein intake varied from 11 percent of energy intake during the transitional season, to 16 percent during the competitive season. Carbohydrates provided 41-53 percent of energy intake, whereas fat intake ranged from 32-48 percent, indicating a diet high in fat and low in carbohydrate. Dietary intakes varied among the athletes but in general they had an unbalanced nutrition. Provision of appropriate nutritional information in Greek athletic teams is needed to improve athletes' diet and performance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650310459536
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  • 98
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    Recent innovations in cultured milk products for infants (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 33 (2003), S. 268-272 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Breast milk is considered superior over other modified infant formulae owing to its numerous intrinsic characteristics and pre-eminence. However, breast milk is nutritionally inadequate for low-birth weight infants and infants fed exclusively on breast milk are at the risk of getting infected with HIV-1 and transmitted drugs in breast milk due to sterility of mothers at the time of pregnancy. In absence or insufficient secretion, breast milk stored at human milk banks or various developed infant formulae may be a practical substitute. Microbiological safety of breast milk from human milk banks is governed by the conditions of its collection and storage, whereas method of reconstitution and sterilization of equipments influences the quality of infant formulae. Under this circumstances various specially developed cultured milk products can be recommended for feeding both normal and sick infants. This paper enlightens the recent research innovations in the field of cultured milk products for feeding infants in absence of breast milk.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650310507091
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  • 99
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    Improvement in cooking quality of soybean (glycine max) by presoaking treatment with enzyme (lipase) solution (2004)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 34 (2004), S. 8-12 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Presoaking treatment of partially defatted soy dhal in water or enzyme (lipase) solution for one, two and four hours decreased the cooking time substantially. When soy dhal was soaked in water for one, two and four hours, it resulted in 0 per cent, 1.24 per cent and 6.17 per cent decrease in cooking time over the unsoaked soy dhals, respectively. Soaking defatted soy dhal in lipase enzyme solution at three different concentrations, i.e. 0.5 per cent, 0.75 per cent and 1.0 per cent reduced the cooking time from 62.96 per cent to 74.69 per cent, over the control (unsoaked soy dhal) depending on the presoaking period. As the soaking period was increased from one to four hours irrespective of the concentration used, decrease in cooking time was observed. Maximum decrease in cooking time was found with soaking in 1 per cent concentration of lipase solution for four hours. There were non-significant differences between the organoleptic scores of water soaked and enzyme soaked dhal. However, sensory scores of soy dhal were slightly improved by lipase enzyme soaking when compared to water soaked soy dhal.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650410516153
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  • 100
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    Getting the balance right: an evaluation (2003)
    Bingley : Emerald
    Nutrition & food science 33 (2003), S. 191-196 
    Details
    ISSN: 0034-6659
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The British Meat Nutrition Education Service has updated its food guide "Getting the balance right" (GBR). Qualitative research to explore the use, perceived suitability and effectiveness of the new GBR posters and supporting booklet suggests it has been very well received by nutrition educators in the field. The GBR graphic was unanimously preferred to the Food Standards Agency's "Balance of good health" model, which was now appearing somewhat out-dated. The GBR materials were felt to have strong visual impact and wide appeal except perhaps for those working mainly with minority ethnic groups. Whilst prospects for the educational effectiveness of the GBR materials look promising, this can only be truly demonstrated by quantitative research. The commercial origin of the GBR materials does not seem to compromise their use as core resources for the promotion of balanced healthy eating messages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/00346650310499695
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