ALBERT

Description: This article presents simulation study on using fuzzy logic based controllers in order to determine building’s occupancy level and hence its effect on energy usage. The projected results of energy savings then is used to determine and investigate the proposed fuzzy logic based control system environmental and economic aspects. The proposed system energy performance are measured based on the system occupancy density level, Daylight utilization and natural ambient air and humidity. The simulation and modelling engines used in this article are MATLAB and EnergyPlus. Results showed that system will save 14% of total energy demand at 50 % of occupancy level compared to total energy demand at full occupancy level (100% occupancy level) and also it is able to save 24% of total energy demand at 25 % of occupancy level compared to full occupancy level energy demand (100% occupancy level). Keywords: Daylight, Occupancy level, Fuzzy logic JEL Classifications: K32, O13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.6393

Description: The present research examines the effect of hydropower energy consumption in testing the Environmental Kuznets Curve in Malaysia by using the annual time series data over the period from 1978 to 2016. The present research applied the advance econometrics to serve the purpose of investigation and therefore used the Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing approach for assessing the presence of long-run relationship between the variables. The results of ARDL bound testing approach confirm the valid long run relationship between hydropower energy consumption and economic growth with carbon dioxide emission in Malaysia. The final outcomes confirm that hydropower energy consumption and square of economic growth have significant and negative impact on carbon dioxide emission whereas, the economic growth have a significant and positive impact on carbon dioxide emission. Furthermore, results also confirm the existence of inverted U-Shape curve in Malaysia. The results provide a solid evidence for the policymakers to focus on hydropower energy consumption while formulating the policy for the reduction of environmental degradation in Malaysia. Keywords: Hydropower, green energy, renewable energy, sustainable development. JEL Classifications:  O11, Q20, Q23 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7328

Description: In this study attempted to calculate the stationarity value of the baseline data in proposing approximate parameters, for a regression equation which is an estimation of time-series data from gasoline. The function of stationary data in the time series model is crucial, to propose a long-term estimate, so that a study can show the time variable used, can explain the process of cointegration analysis among the variables being carried out research. This research uses model building from Baltagi and Griffin (1983), with cointegration analysis technique for variable data of gasoline and other consumption during 1960-2017 period in U.S. From the research that has been carried out shows that the value of gasoline consumption and income per community in the U.S during the year 1960-2017 mutual cointegration in the long term. There is a significant relationship among the 4 variables in the research on long-term time scale. Thus, this study can explain how the relationship between economic variables and the level of gasoline consumption in U.S. Country during the period of research data. The results of this study support previous research conducted by Baltagi and Griffin (1983), but there are differences in the use of data, if in this study using time series data, in Baltagi and Griffin study using time series data from several countries. Keywords: Gasoline demand; Price elasticity, regression analysis JEL Classifications: D12; C14, Q41 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7308

Description: In this article we test the hypothesis about the impact of oil prices shocks on the unemployment and crime rate on the example of oil-exporting country. According to the hypothesis, there exist a dependence of the labor market on oil revenue. A negative oil price shock should lead to a decrease in the employment rate, which in turn should lead to a rise in illegal forms of behavior. Illegal behavior is measured as an average of registered crimes (bribery and drug dealing). Based on data for 1990-2017 we study a case of Russia, using vector error correction model for detecting short- and long-term effects. Results show that oil prices and unemployment affect crime rate in the long-run in a case of oil-exporting country. Yet, in the short-run both negative oil shocks and a rise in unemployment rate lead to a statistically significant increase in bribery and drug dealing. A 1% decrease in oil price will lead to a 1,14% rise in bribery and drug dealing and a 1% increase in the unemployment rate leads to a 2,72% increase in drug dealing and bribery. Keywords: oil prices, unemployment, crime rate, bribery, vector error correction approach. JEL Classifications: Q41, E24, F43, K42 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.6833

Description: Our study investigates the relationship between electricity intensity and unemployment in South Africa. Our mode of empirical investigation is the quantile regressions approach which has been applied to quarterly interpolated time series data collected between 2000:01 and 2014:04. As a further development to our study, we split our empirical data into two sub-samples, the first corresponding to the pre-financial crisis period and the other corresponding to the post-financial crisis period. Our empirical results point to electricity intensity being significantly and positively correlated with unemployment in periods before the crisis at all estimated quantiles, whereas this relationship turns significantly negative in periods subsequent to the crisis at all quantile levels. In other words, since the financial crisis, increased electricity intensity (i.e. lower electricity efficiency) appears to reduce domestic unemployment rates, a result which indicates that policymakers should be discouraged from implementing electricity conversation strategies and encouraged to rely on environmental friendly methods of supplying electricity. Keywords: Electricity intensity; Unemployment; South Africa; SSA; Quantile regressions. JEL Classifications: C31; C51; E24; Q43. DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.6158

Description: This paper proposes the effect of oil price shocks on the Russian economic indicators using time series for the period 1991-2016 year to cover all of oil price shocks. The vector autoregressive and the Dickey-Fuller test were utilized to investigate the long-run and the short-run relationships between variables. From the results shows that one of the most important external impact factor is the world price of oil. The research suggests a positive and significant long-term relationship between oil prices and Russian GDP dynamics. Keywords: oil price shocks, GDP growth, forecasting, oil impact. JEL Classification s : C51, C58, F31, G12, G15 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.6807

Description: The EU is one of the largest energy consumers in the world. However, it faces issues of high fuel import dependency, energy resources import diversification, lack of pipeline infrastructure, etc. There are several ways to improve EU's energy sector by wider use of natural gas (NG). Such projects as ITGI-Poseidon, TANAP, TAP, TurkStream and others may provide necessary capacities. Turkey plays an important role as a transit country for NG supplies and in the future it can become one of the key gas hubs in the south-eastern part of Europe, as it occupies a strategically advantageous geographical position. This paper reviews the main economic development and energy sector indicators of the EU, along with current and future NG supply and transit projects. It is stated energy cooperation between Russia, Turkey and the EU is essential for sustainable development of both EU and Turkey energy sector. Hence, recommendations for NG sector development and further energy cooperation with Russia are provided. Keywords: Natural Gas, Energy Supply, Energy Cooperation JEL Classifications: Q3, Q4 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7093

Description: This work is a continuation of a series of authors' publications in the framework of a study of tools for supporting the fuel and energy complex in the context of achieving energy efficiency and energy independence of the regions. In this paper, the definition of the term "state support of the fuel and energy complex" was formulated, an analysis of state programs for supporting federal and regional levels in the fuel and energy complex was made. A consistent methodological scheme has been developed for organizing the process of improving the instruments for supporting the fuel and energy complex of the region, according to the specifics of the development of the fuel and energy complex and its role in the region's economy. Keywords: instruments of fuel and energy complex support, regional fuel and energy complex, energy efficiency, energy independence of regions. JEL Classification: O13 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.6970

Description: This paper examined the responsiveness of the stock market returns to fluctuation in oil price in Nigeria using monthly dataset from January 1994 to December 2016. The autoregressive distributed lag estimation technique was applied to analyze the long-run model as well as the short-run dynamics whereas test for cointegarating relationships was conducted using the Bound testing method. The findings revealed that changes in oil price have had positive but insignificant impact on stock market returns both in the long-run and the short-run. Impact of inflation was positive and insignificant in the long-run but positively significant in the short-run. Real interest rate and log of exchange rate exerted negative influence on the stock market returns, where the short-run effect of real interest rate was significant, the long-run impact was found to be insignificant. The error term indicates that deviation from long-run equilibrium is corrected at the speed of 8.2% on annual basis. The Bound test result showed that no long-run relationships exist between the oil price and stock market returns during the period under study. Keywords: Stock Market Returns, Oil Price, Autoregressive Distributed Lag, Bound Testing JEL Classifications: C32, Q43, E44 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7145

Description: The present study analyses the causal relationship between CO2 emissions, energy consumption, value added of three development sectors and household final consumption expenditure in Indonesia using annual data from 1975 to 2014. We applied ADF and PP unit root tests, Johansen cointegration test, and Granger causality test based on vector error correction modelling (VECM). Our results indicated that although CO2 emission and energy consumption have a mutual effect, increase CO2 emissions tend given greater effect on energy consumption. CO2 emissions, energy consumption, the value added of industry sector and household final consumption expenditure have a significant effect on the added value of agriculture sector and service sector, while the added value of agriculture sector is a key factor that driven increases the added value of service sector. In the long term, we discover that a cointegration relationship occurring when energy consumption, household final expenditure, and the value added of three development sectors, respectively, are determined as the dependent variables in the model. Based on these results, we concluded that energy conservation and mitigation policies which accompanied the application of energy-saving technologies should be an important priority on the sustainable development planning in Indonesia, especially in order to reduce CO2 emissions and accelerate economic growth rate in Indonesia. Keywords : CO2 emission, Energy Consumption, the value added of development sectors, household final consumption expenditure JEL Classifications: D12, O44, Q43, Q56 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/ijeep.7295