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  • Articles  (1,611)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics  (1,611)
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  • Articles  (1,611)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    RETARDATION IN FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN Al-2024 AFTER BLOCKS OF UNDERLOADING (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In contrast with overloads, small numbers of underloads lead to acceleration in crack growth rate after application of the underloads. Larger numbers of underloads, however, give rise to retardation effects comparable with the effects of overloads. The retardation effects are attributed to the development of shear lips. Irregular shear lips show a greater effect than regular (smooth) shear lips. Increasing numbers of underloads give rise to greater retardation. For high numbers of underloads at high ΔKeff there is even an increase in the total life of the fatigue specimen with respect to the situation without underloads. High numbers of underload at high ΔKeff cause crack arrest at one side of the centre-cracked tension specimen. The non-growing side is often in single shear, the growing side always in double shear.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1991.tb00008.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE EFFECT OF REGULAR AND IRREGULAR SHEAR LIPS ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN Al 2024 (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Multiple underloads and overloads with constant ΔK were carried out on centre-cracked tension specimens. It was found that when shear lips develop, underloads or overloads affect the crack growth rate da/dN and the subsequent retardation. The appearance of the shear lip fracture surfaces depends on the frequency. At higher frequencies a greater number of rough shear lip fracture surfaces will develop, while at lower frequencies there is a tendency towards smooth shear lips. The amount of crack closure differs in each case. It was found that the type of shear lip, rough or smooth, can be related to the effect on da/dN during and after underloads. The effect of rough and smooth shear lip growth was investigated in constant ΔK tests, performing these tests with and without crack closure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb01499.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STUDY ON FATIGUE THRESHOLD BEHAVIOUR AND FATIGUE CRACK PROPAGATION IN A CAST Co-Cr-Mo ALLOY USED FOR SURGICAL IMPLANTS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— —Fatigue crack propagation rates (da/dN) and fatigue crack thresholds (ΔKth) have been studied in a cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy used for surgical implants with various grain sizes. Results for materials with average grain sizes of about 400 and 60μm respectively are presented. Threshold values close to 10–15 MPam have been measured with decreasing values observed on increasing the grain size. Similar effects of grain size are found on the crack propagation behaviour at higher growth rates, where a coarse grain size material show a higher crack growth rate than a fine grain size material at the same ΔK levels. The effects of microstructure on fatigue properties of the cast Co-Cr-Mo alloy are caused not only by grain size variation but are also attributed to the microstructural differences: a coarse-grained material with a directionally grown dendritic structure vs a fine-grained material with an equiaxed grain structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1989.tb00537.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CORRELATION OF FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOUR WITH CRACK CLOSURE IN PEENED SPECIMENS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Various residual stress conditions were introduced into the surface of a 7075-T6 aluminium alloy by shot peening. This resulted in a considerable alteration in subsequent fatigue crack growth behaviour. A systematic investigation into the effects of a variety of conditions on fatigue crack propagation behavior was conducted. The degree of shot peening was established using the Almen scale and calibration strips. Changes occurred in crack re-initiation lives, crack growth rate and hardness across the thickness profile. Residual stresses were introduced by various peening operations (such as different peening positions and loading specimens prior to and during peening). By measuring the crack opening level of peened specimens, changes in fatigue crack closure effect with respect to the crack extension in CT specimens are reported. The relations of re-initiation life versus crack opening level and Almen levels, and of the crack closure effect versus Almen scales, were addressed experimentally. It was found that the improvement in re-initiation life and the retarding effect of crack growth, both influenced by the Almen scales, are associated directly with the elevation of crack opening level, particularly at the stage of crack re-initiation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00906.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A MODEL FOR SMALL FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Based on the assumption that normalized Kitagawa-Takahashi diagrams for different materials are the same, a unified model for microstructurally small fatigue crack and physically small fatigue crack growth rates was developed to describe their behaviour under different fatigue stress ranges. The stress-sensitive blocking effect of microstructural barriers to small fatigue crack growth is satisfactorily simulated by the model. Incorporated with the materials fatigue limit and microstructural barrier spacing, this model can be easily used in the prediction of small fatigue crack lifetime. Small fatigue crack growth rates of previous experimental studies in 7075-T6 Aluminium alloy and HT60 steel under different stress ranges are in an envelope between two boundary prediction curves corresponding to the largest and smallest stress ranges applied in the experiments. Problems concerning model accuracy and model application are also discussed in the present paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00773.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    FRETTING PATTERNS IN A CONDUCTOR–CLAMP CONTACT ZONE (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Cyclic bending fatigue tests have been performed on a typical electrical conductor held by a suspension clamp. Surface damage of the aluminium wire has been induced during short duration tests. Various degradation zones have been characterized between wire layers and the clamp. Metallographic examination has shown that two process zones are critical with respect to fretting crack nucleation. Fatigue tests at different bending amplitudes have shown that the wire breaks in these critical zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00264.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A FRACTURE MECHANICS ANALYSIS OF LOW CYCLE FATIGUE IN A SUPERALLOY (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 2 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— This paper introduces an analytical procedure for predicting engineering crack formation life of high temperature turbine components. This procedure is based upon elastic-plastic fracture mechanics rather than linear elastic fracture mechanics. State of the art, some experimental results and future developments are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1979.tb01099.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE DEVELOPMENT OF STRESSES AND THEIR DISTRIBUTION IN TWO-PHASE ALLOYS DURING CYCLIC LOADING (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 16 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A finite element program calculates the cyclic behaviour of the individual component phases of a multiphase material using a master curve observed in uniaxial cyclic stress tests. The fatigue behaviour of the two-phase alloys was characterized by visualizing the evolution of the phase stress (denoted by an average effective stress and an hydrostatic stress) during cyclic loading. The evolution procedure shows a unique fatigue behaviour of the in situ component phases, which differs from that observed in uniaxial or multiaxial fatigue tests of the single phase material. The fatigue damage on a microstructural scale was identified by the distributions of the plastic strain accumulated during cyclic loading and the stress triaxility in the component phases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1993.tb00119.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE INVESTIGATIONS AND NUMERICAL SIMULATIONS ON DUAL PHASE STEEL WITH DIFFERENT MICROSTRUCTURES (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fully reversed low cycle fatigue tests were carried out on 7 mm diameter cylindrical specimens of a dual phase steel treated to give five different microstructures, namely F—ferrite (+ little carbide particles), CF—continuous ferrite + 8.2% martensite, FM—49.1% ferrite + 50.9% martensite mixed structure, CM—continuous martensite + 22.4% ferrite and M—100% martensite. A finite element program was developed based on Eisenberg's cyclic plasticity theory and the low cycle stress-strain response of the steels with duplex phase microstructures was calculated from the low cyclic curves of the single ferrite (steel F) and martensite (steel M) phase. The experimental results show that fatigue performance of dual phase steel improves as martensite content is increased up to about 50%, thereafter it obviously deteriorates. During cyclic loading, the calculated plastic strain accumulated in ferrite is higher than that in martensite. Inhomogeneity of the plastic strain accumulation in steel CF is more pronounced than that in steel CM. In steel FM a relatively uniform strain distribution was found. Controlling the size of particle phase can result in an optimum strain distribution. Thus, the plastic deformation capability of the constituent phases can be enhanced leading to fatigue performance improvement. Crack initiation occurs easily at the ferrite/martensite interface with a coarse particle phase size, regardless of phase continuity. In steel CF, a crack initiates at the interface perpendicular to the stress axis and propagates in the ferrite matrix by deflecting around coarse martensite particles or by cutting fine martensite particles. In steel CM, a crack initiates at the interface along the stress axis and propagates in the martensite matrix through ferrite particles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1990.tb00595.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A STUDY OF SHEAR FATIGUE CRACK MECHANISMS (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Studies have been made of the micro-and macroscopic features of a transverse shear fracture and a longitudinal shear fracture. The fatigue crack propagation mechanisms of mode-II and mode-III are described, which can be used to explain both fracture features and the crack shape. Finally a series of comparisons are made of mode-I, -II and-III fatigue crack propagation mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1992.tb01295.x
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CYCLIC BEHAVIOUR AND ROOM TEMPERATURE MICROMECHANISMS OF 3Y-TZP CERAMICS AT SUBMICRON AND NANOCRYSTALLINE LEVELS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The cyclic behaviour and micromechanisms of 3Y-TZP ceramics were investigated at a stress ratio, R, of 0.1 and a frequency of 0.1 Hz at room temperature for both nanocrystalline (100nm) and submicron polycrystalline (0.35μm) 3Y-TZP ceramics. The nanocrystalline material displayed cyclic softening, but the submicron polycrystalline material displayed cyclic hardening. The cyclic hardening resulted mainly from saturation of tetragonal to monoclinic phase transformation which induced a higher internal stress in the material; the cyclic softening resulted partly from the formation of microcracks along the grain boundary of the tetragonal phase.Superplastic deformation was first found by the Scanning Electron Microscope and the Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) in some micro-areas of the fatigue fracture surface of the nanocrystalline material. Furthermore it was observed by AFM that there were a large number of slip lines and an early stage for the formation of an extrusion on the side edge of the fracture. From this it was deduced that the micromechanism of local superplasticity resulted from the slip motion of dislocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1996.tb01036.x
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A METHOD TO REDUCE THE SCATTER IN FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE DATA (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The scatter in experimentally determined fatigue crack growth rates is dependent, in part, on the data reduction process applied to the paired values of crack length and number of cycles recorded in crack growth tests. An additional data reduction process is proposed which replaces the original test data by a smooth curve. Analysis of mid-range growth rate data for Udimet 720 shows that the introduction of this additional data reduction procedure reduces the scatter in the calculated growth rates, increases the effectiveness of Walker's method in accounting for the effects of stress ratio, and leads to more accurate predictions of the experimental crack propagation lives of test specimens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb01492.x
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  • 13
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OXIDATION-ASSISTED FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR IN ALLOY 718-PART II. APPLICATIONS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In previous work by the authors, a quantitative model based on a two-stage oxidation mechanism was developed to describe the oxidation-assisted crack growth behavior in alloy 718. This model is used here to predict the crack growth rate in this alloy at 650°C for two different loading conditions: one is a continuous cycle with a hold time duration of 300 s imposed at minimum load, the other is a continuous cycle without a hold time duration. The results obtained from applying the model to these loading profiles were then compared with those obtained experimentally. Good agreement was observed between the two data sets. Details of the model calculations are discussed, and suggestions to further extend the model capabilities are made in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1991.tb00704.x
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  • 14
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS FOR CORNER CRACKS AT A HOLE BY A 3-D WEIGHT FUNCTION METHOD WITH STRESSES FROM THE FINITE ELEMENT METHOD (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Stress intensity factors for quarter-elliptical corner cracks emanating from a circular hole are determined using a 3-D weight function method combined with a 3-D finite element method. The 3-D finite element method is used to analyze uncracked configurations and provide stress distributions in the region where a crack is likely to occur. Using this stress distribution as input, the 3-D weight function method is used to determine stress intensity factors. Three different loading conditions, i.e. remote tension, remote bending and wedge loading, are considered for a wide range of geometrical parameters. The significance of using 3-D uncracked stress distributions is studied. Comparisons are made with solutions available in the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb01485.x
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  • 15
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ANALYSES OF FOUR SYMMETRIC CORNER CRACKS IN ELASTIC PLATES (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— With the aid of the three-dimensional weight function method stress intensity factors and crack opening displacements are determined for the problem of four symmetric quarter-elliptical corner cracks in a rectangular plate or a bar, which is subjected to remote tension. A wide range of configuration parameters is investigated. When the relative crack size is small, the results agree very well with those of a single corner crack determined by the finite element method. The significant difference between four symmetric corner cracks and a single corner crack is also illustrated when the relative crack size is large.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1992.tb01275.x
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS FOR CORNER CRACKS AT A SEMI-CIRCULAR NOTCH UNDER STRESS GRADIENTS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A weight function method, recently developed by the authors, is applied to calculate stress intensity factors for corner cracks emanating from a semi-circular notch under crack face polynomial pressure loading. A wide range of configuration parameters are considered. These results, combined with superposition principle, allow determination of stress intensity factors under general loading conditions. The approach is demonstrated by obtaining stress intensity factors for the load cases of remote tension and shot-peening residual stresses at the notch.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1990.tb00606.x
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  • 17
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ANALYZING DUCTILE FRACTURE USING DUAL DILATIONAL CONSTITUTIVE EQUATIONS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— By adopting a suggestion made by Thomason, a new failure criterion for the Gurson-Tvergaard model has been recently introduced by the authors. In this study, a method based on the Gurson-Tvergaard constitutive model and the new failure criterion is applied to the analysis of ductile fracture. The main features of the method are that the material failure is a natural process of the development of Thomason's dual dilational constitutive responses, and the void volume fraction corresponding to the failure by void coalescence is not necessarily a material constant and is not needed to be fitted beforehand. Furthermore, void nucleation parameter(s) can be numerically fitted from experimental tension results. This method has been implemented into the ABAQUS finite element program via a user material subroutine and is applied to the prediction of tension problems conducted by the authors. In the analyses, two strain-controlled void nucleation models have been studied and compared. The void nucleation parameters corresponding to the two models have been calibrated. The crack initiation of both smooth and notched axisymmetric tensile specimens are well predicted by the method. Finally, several critical issues in the analysis of ductile fracture are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00267.x
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  • 18
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A SIMPLE PATH-INDEPENDENT INTEGRAL FOR CALCULATING MIXED-MODE STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A path-independent integral is introduced for calculating stress intensity factors. The derivation of the integral is based on the application of the known Bueckner's fundamental field solution for a crack in an infinite body and on the reciprocal theorem. The method was applied to two-dimensional linear elastic mixed-mode crack problems. The key advantage of the present path-independent integral is that the stress intensity factor components for any irregular cracked geometry under any kind of loading can be easily obtained by a contour integral around the crack tip. The method is simple to implement and only the far field displacements and tractions along the contour must be known. The required stress analysis can be made by using any analytical or numerical method, e.g. the finite element method, without special consideration of the modelling of crack tip singularity. The application of this integral is also independent of the crack type, that is, there is no difference between an edge crack and an embedded crack, provided that the crack tip asymptotic behaviour exists.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1992.tb00030.x
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  • 19
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS OF MATERIAL PARAMETERS FOR THE GURSON CONSTITUTIVE MODEL (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Following a convincing demonstration of the prediction power of the Gurson model for ductile fracture, it is now required to select realistic material parameters for practical applications of the model. In this paper, using studies on a smooth tensile specimen, a notched tensile specimen, a centre-cracked tensile panel and an analytical cell model, a sensitivity analysis of the material parameters is performed that includes the initial void volume fraction of the primary inclusions and the void volume fraction of the secondary inclusions when fitting the critical void volume fraction. Voids that nucleated from primary and secondary inclusions have been considered separately. It has been found that in either case the selection of material parameters for the finite element analyses is not unique, and the most significant parameter for the predictions is the nucleation burst strain. Some general conclusions concerning the selection of material parameters for the Gurson model have also been made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1996.tb00992.x
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  • 20
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solid Freeforming of Braille Patterns on Clay Products (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An aqueous suspension of clay was delivered through an electromagnetic ink-jet printer head onto partially dried clay tile to produce patterns in relief. The patterns formed Braille symbols intended for tactile recognition by visually impaired persons (VIP). This solid freeforming procedure means that conventional clay products such as wall tile, although mass-produced, can acquire individuation so that tactile information can be delivered to VIPs to assist, for example, in navigation in the built environment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07511.x
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  • 21
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF BIAXIAL MEAN STRESS ON CYCLIC STRESS-STRAIN RESPONSE AND BEHAVIOUR OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS IN A HIGH STRENGTH SPRING STEEL (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Biaxial fatigue tests were conducted on a high strength spring steel using hour-glass shaped smooth specimens. Four types of loading system were employed, i.e. (a) fully reversed cyclic torsion, (b) uniaxial push—pull, (c) fully reversed torsion with a superimposed axial static tension or compression stress, and (d) uniaxial push—pull with a superimposed static torque, to evaluate the effects of mean stress on the cyclic stress—strain response and short fatigue crack growth behaviour. Experimental results indicate that a biaxial mean stress has no apparent influence on the stress—strain response in torsion, however a superimposed tensile mean stress was detrimental to torsional fatigue strength. Similarly a superimposed static shear stress reduced the push—pull fatigue lifetime. A compressive mean stress was seen to be beneficial to torsion fatigue life. The role of mean stress on fatigue lifetime, under mixed mode loading, was investigated through experimental observations and theoretical analyses of short crack initiation and propagation. Using a plastic replication technique the effects of biaxial mean stress on both Stage I (mode II) and Stage II (mode I) short cracks were evaluated and analysed in detail. A two stage biaxial short fatigue crack growth model incorporating the influence of mean stress was subsequently developed and applied to correlate data of crack growth rate and fatigue life.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb00276.x
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  • 22
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    A STUDY OF CUMULATIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE UNDER VARIABLE LOADING-MODE CONDITIONS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The accumulation of fatigue damage was investigated by studying deformation processes and the kinetics of short crack initiation and propagation under variable loading-mode conditions. Fatigue tests were carried out under push-pull and torsion, both separately and sequentially, that is specimens were subjected to push-pull loading prior to torsion. The results show that specimens tested in push-pull followed by torsion have a much longer fatigue life than virgin specimens. The mechanisms of this phenomenon were explored by experimental observations and theoretical analyses of crack initiation and propagation. The effect of stress state on cumulative damage is described in some detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1996.tb00962.x
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  • 23
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    MECHANISMS AND FATIGUE PERFORMANCE OF TWO STEELS IN CYCLIC TORSION WITH AXIAL STATIC TENSION/COMPRESSION (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fatigue tests conducted under fully reversed cyclic torsion, with and without superimposed axial static tension/compression loads, were carried out using hour-glass smooth specimens in laboratory air. A high strength spring steel and a 316L stainless steel, were employed to evaluate the effects of mean stress on fatigue performance. Experimental test results show that a biaxial tensile/compressive mean stress had no influence on the cyclic stress-strain response in both materials. However a biaxial tensile mean stress was found to be detrimental to fatigue life of the high strength spring steel but had no effect on the total fatigue life of 316L stainless steel. A compressive mean stress was found to be beneficial to the life of both steels. The fatigue behaviour of the two materials was investigated by experimental observations and the application of theoretical analyses of short crack growth behaviour. Based upon the analysis of surface acetate replicas it has been found that fatigue crack growth is material/stress-state dependent. A biaxial tensile static stress promoted a change in the direction of the Stage I (mode II) crack from the longitudinal direction to a plane normal to the specimen axis in the high strength steel but not in the stainless steel. Consequently a different growth behaviour of Stage I (mode II) cracks was observed for the two materials. The effect of a biaxial mean stress on fatigue crack growth behaviour of the two materials is analysed and described in some detail.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb00286.x
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  • 24
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    TIME-DEPENDENT FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN TITANIUM METAL MATRIX COMPOSITES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The interaction of fatigue and creep in a titanium metal matrix composite was studied by employing loading frequencies of 10 Hz (in both air and vacuum environment) and 0.1 Hz with and without hold times (in air) at 500°C. It was shown that, for the same loading frequency, the crack growth rate is lower in vacuum than in air. In an air environment, however, where the influence of load-related creep and environmental effects exist, it was shown that a decrease in the loading frequency leads to a decrease in the crack growth rate. This behavior is interpreted in terms of the redistribution of fiber and matrix stresses occurring in response to the creep-related relaxation of matrix stresses. The result of this stress redistribution is the generation of a compressive axial residual stress in the matrix phase in the region of the composite ahead of the crack tip. As the crack bridges the fibers in this region, the release of the matrix residual compressive stress leads to the closure of the matrix fractured surfaces at the crack tip, thus leading to a decrease in the crack tip driving force. To support this concept, experimental measurements of the crack opening displacement at different loading frequencies are presented. In addition, a simple model is proposed to describe the nature of the residual stresses developed in the matrix phase during cyclic loading. Results of this model have been examined using finite element analysis. The influence of time-dependent effects during a fatigue cycle was, furthermore, investigated by carrying out high frequency fatigue tests on specimens which have been previously subjected to creep deformation. Results of these tests in terms of the crack growth rate and associated crack closure, support the conclusion that a predeformed matrix produces a decrease in the crack growth rate of the corresponding composite.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00852.x
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  • 25
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    CRACK PROPAGATION STUDIES ON Al 7475 ON THE BASIS OF CONSTANT AMPLITUDE AND SELECTIVE VARIABLE AMPLITUDE LOADING HISTORIES (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fatigue crack propagation behaviour under variable amplitude loading is significantly influenced by load history induced sequence effects. Because the understanding of the causes of such sequence effects is still rather limited, crack propagation predictions become difficult. In the present investigation an exploratory test program with simple variable amplitude load sequences was performed, which was designed to improve the general understanding of sequence effects and to offer a basis both for an evaluation of existing crack propagation prediction models and for the development of improved methods.The investigations were performed on center cracked 8 mm thick Al 7475-T7351 specimens. In the first part of the study constant amplitude tests were performed over a wide range of R-ratios. The test results and the transition of the fracture mode during tests could be represented on the basis of the effective ΔK-value.In the second part of the paper tests with simple systematically varied sequences of high loads, low loads and underloads were performed and the crack propagation behaviour was measured. In order to obtain detailed information on the crack propagation increments per cycle, fractographic analyses were also performed. It was found that also under variable amplitude loading the crack propagation approximately followed the effective ΔK-values, except in one case.A linear (non-interaction) prediction model could not describe the observed crack propagation behaviour. The results of the application of a model assuming a constant crack opening level are also given. Finally, some general viewpoints regarding further developments of models are outlined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00210.x
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  • 26
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    CRACK CLOSURE IN SMALL FATIGUE CRACKS—A COMPARISON OF FINITE ELEMENT PREDICTIONS WITH IN-SITU SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPE MEASUREMENTS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A three dimensional, elastic-plastic, finite element analysis of fatigue crack growth and plasticity-induced crack closure has been performed for a range of small, semi-circular cracks. Predicted crack opening displacements have been compared with data obtained from in-situ SEM measurements for a coarse-grained aluminium alloy 2024-T351. The magnitude of fatigue crack closure measured from in-situ SEM measurements was consistently higher than that predicted from the finite element analysis. It is deduced that the higher closure stresses obtained from in-situ SEM measurements are due to the contact of asperities on the fatigue crack surfaces. A simple mathematical model is suggested to describe the fatigue crack closure stress caused by the combination of both a plastic wake and asperities on the fatigue crack surfaces. The predicted fatigue crack closure stresses and their dependence on crack size are consistent with experimental measurement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb01487.x
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  • 27
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    MODE I AND MIXED MODE I/II FATIGUE CRACKING IN Ni3Al(CrB) SINGLE CRYSTALS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Nominal mode I and mixed mode I/II fatigue tests were carried out using the intermetallic compound Ni3Al(CrB) in the form of single crystal specimens. The effects of crystal orientation and load mode on fatigue crack initiation and growth were studied. The fracture surfaces of the single crystals were characterized by a cleavage-like appearance and cracking occurred either on a single {111} plane or on multiple {111} planes irrespective of whether mode I or mixed mode I/II loadings were applied. It was found that the crack initiation and growth behaviour are dependent on both crystal orientation and applied loading mode. The cracking behaviour predicted by three mixed mode fracture criteria (MTS, SED and G criteria) in polycrystalline materials under mixed mode loading can be understood from the present results on single crystals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb01532.x
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  • 28
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    Spectroscopic Properties of Er3+-Doped Na2O–La2O3–Al2O3–SiO2 Glasses (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Er3+-doped sodium lanthanum aluminosilicate glasses with compositions of (90−x)(0.7SiO2·0.3Al2O3)·xNa2O·8.2La2O3· 0.6Er2O3·0.2Yb2O3·1Sb2O3 (in mol%) (x= 12, 20, 24, 40, 60 mol%) were prepared and their spectroscopic properties were investigated. Judd–Ofelt analysis was used to calculate spectroscopic properties of all glasses. The Judd–Ofelt intensity parameter Ωt (t= 2, 4, 6) decreases with increasing Na2O. Ω2 decreases rapidly with increasing Na2O while Ω4 and Ω6 decrease slowly. Both the fluorescent lifetime and the radiative transition rate increase with increasing Na2O. Fluorescence spectra of the 4I13/2 to 4I15/2 transition have been measured and the change with Na2O content is discussed. It is found that the full width at half-maximum decreases with increasing Na2O.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07496.x
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  • 29
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    A THERMOELASTICITY THEORY FOR DAMAGE IN ANISOTROPIC MATERIALS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 13 (1990), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A thermoelasticity theory for damage in anisotropic materials is developed. This theory can be applied to evaluate the damage parameter D, the normalized effective mess density ρe/ρ, and the effective modulus Ee quantitatively in some metals and composites by incorporating the thermographic stress analysis method (TSA; also, SPATE method). The effective moduli due to fatigue damage and static loads in a glass fiber/epoxy laminate obtained by the TSA method are compared with the values measured by an extensometer. The correlation between the measurements using the two methods is very good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1990.tb00620.x
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  • 30
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    Spark-Plasma Sintering of Silicon Carbide Whiskers (SiCw) Reinforced Nanocrystalline Alumina (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The combined effect of rapid sintering by spark-plasma-sintering (SPS) technique and mechanical milling of γ-Al2O3 nanopowder via high-energy ball milling (HEBM) on the microstructural development and mechanical properties of nanocrystalline alumina matrix composites toughened by 20 vol% silicon carbide whiskers was investigated. SiCw/γ-Al2O3 nanopowders processed by HEBM can be successfully consolidated to full density by SPS at a temperature as low as 1125°C and still retain a near-nanocrystalline matrix grain size (∼118 nm). However, to densify the same nanopowder mixture to full density without the benefit of HEBM procedure, the required temperature for sintering was higher than 1200°C, where one encountered excessive grain growth. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results indicated that HEBM did not lead to the transformation of γ-Al2O3 to α-Al2O3 of the starting powder but rather induced possible residual stress that enhances the densification at lower temperatures. The SiCw/HEBMγ-Al2O3 nanocomposite with grain size of 118 nm has attractive mechanical properties, i.e., Vickers hardness of 26.1 GPa and fracture toughness of 6.2 MPa·m1/2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07510.x
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  • 31
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    Dielectric Properties of Ba(SnxTi1−x)O3 Thin Films Grown by a Sol–Gel Process (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Ferroelectric Ba(SnxTi1−x)O3 (BTS) thin films were deposited using a sol–gel process on LaNiO3-coated silicon substrates. The films showed a (100) preferred orientation depending on composition. The grain size decreased and the microstructure became denser with increasing tin content. The decreasing grain size with increasing tin may be attributable to lower grain-growth rates from the more slowly diffusing Sn4+ ion, which has a larger ionic radius than Ti4+. The ferroelectric phase transition temperature of Ba(SnxTi1−x)O3 thin films with (a) x= 0, (b) x= 0.05, (c) x= 0.10, and (d) x= 0.15 occurs at about 150°, 45°, 28°, and 20°C, respectively. The highest K (figure of merit defined as K= tunability/tan δ={[ɛ(0) −ɛ(E)]/ɛ(E)}/tan δ) was found for BTS thin films with x= 0.10, even though tunability was highest with x= 0.05. An increase of dielectric loss as compared with films with x= 0.10 produced a decrease in K value. The J–E characteristics were highly nonlinear and the electric field resulting in nonlinearity moved to lower electric fields with decreasing tin content.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07495.x
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  • 32
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    ESTIMATION OF LOWER BOUND FRACTURE RESISTANCE OF PRESSURE VESSEL STEEL IN THE TRANSITION REGIME (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 16 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— An empirical investigation of different procedures was carried out for determining a lower bound fracture toughness on the basis of small specimen test data in the ductile-to-brittle transition range. The procedures have been applied to various data sets in order to study the practicability and behaviour of the different procedures.It has been shown that these procedures produce estimates which fall into the lower tail regime of the scatter band of fracture toughness. Within the range of the data sets investigated these estimated lower bounds do not significantly depend on the specimen size, side grooving of the specimens and the magnitude of the data set used for the estimation. Nevertheless, the estimated lower bound values themselves are different depending on the method used for the estimation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1993.tb00730.x
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  • 33
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    FRACTURE MECHANICS ANALYSIS BASED ON A LOCAL SIMULATION PRINCIPLE (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A local simulation principle is presented which allows the transfer of geometry-dependent fracture parameters from a specimen to a component if the local constraint conditions of the crack tip in the component are simulated by the specimen. This can be achieved by adapting the specimen to the component with respect to the ligament length, the ligament width, the crack length and the loading geometry. If these requirements are met, then the relationship between the load and the driving force in the component can be estimated from the specimen by a simple scaling procedure. The application of the local simulation principle is illustrated by an example.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00883.x
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  • 34
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    Optimization of Chemical Vapor Deposition Parameters for Fabrication of Oxidation-Resistant Mullite Coatings on Silicon Nitride (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Fabrication of mullite (3Al2O3·2SiO2) coatings by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) using AlCl3–SiCl4–H2–CO2 gas mixtures was studied. The resultant CVD mullite coating microstructures were sensitive to gas-phase composition and deposition temperature. Chemical thermodynamic calculations performed on the AlCl3–SiCl4–H2–CO2 system were used to predict an equilibrium CVD phase diagram. Results from the thermodynamic analysis, process optimization, and effects of various process parameters on coating morphology are discussed. Dense, adherent crystalline CVD mullite coatings ∼2 μm thick were successfully grown on Si3N4 substrates at 1000°C and 10.7 kPa total pressure. The resultant coatings were 001 textured and contained well-faceted grains ∼0.3–0.5 μm in size.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07491.x
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  • 35
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    SUBINTERFACIAL FRACTURE IN FERRITE-AUSTENITE JOINTS UNDER MODE—III LOADING (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Circumferentially notched cylindrical specimens are tested in torsion to obtain critical J values from crack resistance curves. The specimens are explosion cladded, half ferrite, half austenite, with the interface perpendicular to the cylinder axis and the circumferential notch at, or parallel to, the interface. Critical J values for crack extension in mode III were found to be a factor 1.1 to 2.1 higher than under comparable mode I loading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb01511.x
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  • 36
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    ENVIRONMENTAL SENSITIVITY OF SMALL CRACK GROWTH IN 7075 ALUMINIUM ALLOY (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fatigue propagation tests on artificial short cracks (initial length ˜ 0.15 mm) were performed in vacuum and in nitrogen containing small traces of water vapour (˜ 3 ppm) on a high strength aluminium alloy type 7075 in two aged conditions (T651 and T7351) at a load ratio of 0.1 and a frequency of 35 Hz. A predominant influence of environment was determined for short crack growth. This behaviour has been discussed in terms of crack growth rate versus the effective stress intensity factor range relationship previously determined for long cracks. The results obtained suggest the absence of closure at the early stage of short crack growth with an enhanced environmental influence as compared to long crack behaviour at the same load ratio. As the crack grows the effect of closure increases progressively and the short crack effect disappears after a crack growth of the order of 1 mm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00432.x
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  • 37
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    SINGLE-CRYSTALS AS AN INDICATOR OF FATIGUE DAMAGE (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The possibility of using specially prepared single crystals as indicators of fatigue damage is outlined. Results are described of an analysis of deformation patterns developed in the single-crystal indicator surface, under fatigue and static loading. It is shown that the density and direction of deformation bands correlate with the number of loading cycles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1992.tb01263.x
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  • 38
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    ON THE USE OF THE STRIP-YIELD MODEL TO PREDICT FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH UNDER IRREGULAR LOADING (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— In this paper, the behaviour of the LEFM strip-yield model proposed by Newman and implemented in the FASTRAN II computer program is analyzed. The capabilities of the model to predict crack growth life under variable amplitude loading is considered. Special attention is paid to the effect of the constraint factors used to consider the stress condition (plane stress to plane strain), the effect of the finite length loading sequence and the effect of overloads into an irregular loading history. The results of simulation for 30 different loading histories obtained from the same stationary random process are analyzed and compared with the experimental results obtained for 2024-T351 aluminium alloy. The simulated lives present a fairly good fit with the experimental results, with a strong influence of the constraint factor selected and of the maximum peak in the loading history. Although predictions are usually good, it has been found that for any constraint factor producing good life predictions (with respect to the mean value of the Life obtained with the 30 loading histories) the results of each particular simulation may be over- or under-conservative depending on the maximum peak in the loading history used.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb00306.x
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  • 39
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    MICROSTRUCTURAL EFFECTS ON THE SMALL FATIGUE CRACK BEHAVIOUR OF AN ALUMINUM ALLOY PLATE (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A study has been conducted on the initiation and growth of fatigue cracks in the three principal directions of an aluminium alloy 2024-T351 plate tested under stress control (R, minimum to maximum stress =– 1). Early and multiple fatigue crack nucleation from broken Al7Cu2Fe second phase particles resulted in shorter lives for the longitudinal direction specimens in the medium to long life regime. Although fatigue cracks nucleated in large surface grains, rather than at broken particles, the lives of the short-transverse direction specimens were marginally longer. Cracks also nucleated in large surface grains in the transverse direction specimens, yet the average fatigue lives were about twice as long. This was the consequence of wider slip bands and fewer initial micro-cracks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00905.x
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  • 40
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    THE EFFECT OF BIAXIAL STRESS STATE AND CHANGES OF STATE ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOUR (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The effect of biaxial loading on the fatigue crack growth properties for a stainless steel has been examined. From comprehensive experiments, a significant biaxial stress effect on crack growth was found when the stress level was high and the crack was short. In this paper, the critical region where the effect of biaxial stress appears was clarified quantitatively. Moreover, the effect of changing the biaxial stress condition on fatigue crack growth behaviour was investigated. Significant acceleration of crack growth was observed just after the uniaxial or equibiaxial stress condition was changed to the shear stress condition. This acceleration seems to be due to the change of plastic zone shape at the crack tip.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1989.tb00516.x
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  • 41
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    ANALYTICAL AND GRAPHICAL AIDS FOR THE FATIGUE DESIGN OF WELDMENTS (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: There are four important attributes of weldments which, together with the magnitude of the fluctuating stresses applied, determine their resistance to metallic fatigue: the ratio of the applied or self-induced axial and bending stresses; the severity of the discontinuity or notch which is an inherent property of the geometry of the joint; the notch-root residual stresses which result from fabrication and subsequent use of the weldment; and the mechanical properties of the notch-root material in which fatigue crack initiation and growth takes place. A simple version of a more elaborate analytical model of the fatigue behavior of weldments [1] is presented here which provides analytical and graphical design aids for design.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00424.x
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  • 42
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    EFFECTS OF AIR AND INERT ENVIRONMENTS ON THE NEAR THRESHOLD FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOR OF ALLOY 718 (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The near threshold fatigue crack growth behavior of alloy 718 was studied in air and helium environments at room temperature and at 538°C. Tests were performed at 100 Hz and at load ratios of 0.1 and 0.5. At room temperature and at 538°C, the ΔKth values in helium were lower than in air. The ΔKth values in air decreased with increasing load ratio. These results can be explained with a model that involves the accumulation of oxide in the crack which enhances crack closure. In the air tests, the oxide build-up on the fatigue fracture surfaces at ΔKth was of the order of magnitude as the crack tip opening displacement. In the helium tests, no significant build-up of oxide on the fracture surface at threshold was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00420.x
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  • 43
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    CORROSION FATIGUE OF SiC WHISKER OR SiC PARTICULATE REINFORCED 6061 ALUMINUM ALLOY (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fatigue strengths of Sic whisker or Sic particulate reinforced 6061-T6 aluminum matrix composite (SiCw/Al or SiCp/Al), fabricated by a high pressure infiltration method, were obtained in laboratory air, ion exchanged water and a 3 pct NaCl aqueous solution. A comparison was made with the properties of the matrix aluminum alloy 6061-T6. The SiCw/Al composite maintained a higher fatigue resistance than the SiCp/Al composite or the monolithic 6061 Al, even in a 3 pct NaCl solution. Good correlation was observed between a deterioration in the fatigue strength and the value of the corrosive potential and current, when changing the environment from laboratory air or ion-exchanged water to a 3 pct NaCl aqueous solution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00256.x
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  • 44
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    NOTCHED FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF TWO COLD ROLLED STEELS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A SAE1010 plain carbon steel and a SAE945X HSLA steel were cold rolled to various thickness reductions. Centre notched specimens were tested under stress control at a stress ratio of—1. The effect of loading direction on the fatigue strength was examined. The notched specimen fatigue strength was only slightly increased by cold rolling, since two opposing factors: the smooth specimen fatigue strength and the notch sensitivity, were increased by cold rolling. The notched specimen fatigue strength in the transverse direction was approximately the same as that in the longitudinal direction. An empirical equation and equations derived from fracture mechanics and Neuber's rule were applied to predict the fatigue notch factor for the sharp and blunt notch geometries examined. A reasonable agreement between the predictions and the experimental results was observed for the sharp notches. For the blunt notches, the predicted fatigue notch factors were conservative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1991.tb00645.x
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  • 45
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    DETERMINATION OF STRESS CORROSION CRACK INITIATION STRESS AND CRACK VELOCITIES USING SLOWLY STRAINED TAPERED SPECIMENS (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Previous work has shown that a single tapered cylindrical specimen subjected to slow strain rate testing can provide data for the crack initiation stress of 70/30 brass in 1N NaNO2 solution. In order to test the wider applicability of that technique, crack initiation stresses of a further five systems were measured. These were 70/30 brass in an ammoniacal solution, copper in sodium nitrite and mild steel in carbonate–bicarbonate, hydroxide or nitrate solutions. The results are compared with those obtained from tests on plain cylindrical specimens subjected to interrupted slow strain rate tests or to constant load tests, and the agreement is reasonable. The method also is capable of providing data on the stress dependence of crack velocities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1989.tb00558.x
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  • 46
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    THE EFFECT OF CATHODIC PROTECTION POTENTIAL ON CORROSION FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH RATE OF AN OFFSHORE STRUCTURAL STEEL (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Duplicate tests have been performed to determine the effect of cathodic protection potential on corrosion fatigue crack growth rate of a modern offshore structural steel, produced by thermo-mechanically controlled processes. The experiments were carried out using compact tension specimens exposed to artificial seawater at 10°C and subjected to constant amplitude loading at 0.35 Hz. Reproducible results showed that the merits of cathodic protection potentials are strongly dependent on stress intensity ratio R and stress intensity range ΔK. It appears that a specific value of cathodic potential may not give comprehensive protection against corrosion fatigue within the spectrum of variable amplitude loading experienced in service. Fractography showed the initiation of secondary cracks on the fracture surface to be associated with the dissolution of calcium sulphide inclusions, regardless of imposed cathodic potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1996.tb01037.x
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  • 47
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    FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH FROM A CIRCULAR NOTCH UNDER HIGH LEVELS OF BIAXIAL STRESS (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A series of experiments have been conducted on cruciform specimens to investigate fatigue crack growth from circular notches under high levels of biaxial stress. Two stress levels (Δσ1= 380 and 560 MPa) and five stress biaxialities (λ=+1.0, +0.5, 0, −0.5 and −1.0; where λ=σ2/σ1 were adopted in the fatigue tests in type 316 stainless steel having a monotonic yield strength of 243 MPa. The results reveal that fatigue crack growth rates are markedly influenced by both the stress amplitude and the stress biaxiality. A modified model has been developed to describe fatigue crack growth under high levels of biaxial stress.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1992.tb01256.x
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  • 48
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    COMPLEX STRESS FUNCTIONS AND PLASTIC ZONE SIZES FOR NOTCH CRACKS SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS LOADING CONDITIONS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In this paper, the conformal mapping method is used to solve the plane problem of an infinite plate containing a central lip-shaped notch subjected to biaxial loading at a remote boundary or a surface uniform pressure on the notch. The stress intensity factors KI and KII are obtained by the derived complex stress functions. The simple analytical expressions can be applied to the situation of cracks originating from a circular or an elliptical notch. The plastic zone sizes for such notch cracks are subsequently evaluated in light of the Dugdale strip yield concept. The results are consistent with available numerical data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1991.tb00656.x
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  • 49
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    INITIATION AND PROPAGATION OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS IN A WELD METAL (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Fatigue tests were performed using a purpose designed triangular shaped specimen to investigate the initiation and propagation of short fatigue cracks in a weld metal. It was observed that short fatigue cracks evolved from slip bands and were predominantly within ferrite grains. As the test progressed, the short crack density increased with minor changes in crack length. The growth of short cracks, in the early stage resulted mainly from coalescence with other existing cracks. The mechanism of short crack behaviour is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1989.tb00540.x
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  • 50
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    FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH BEHAVIOUR OF SM45C STEEL UNDER CYCLIC MODE I WITH SUPERIMPOSED STATIC MODE II LOADINGS (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The practical applications of studies related to constant amplitude mode I loading are somewhat limited, since mode I crack growth is often influenced by mode II (sliding mode) or mode III (tearing mode) in industrial situations. For these cases, criteria, rules, and laws have to be worked out and verified by experiments. However, it is very difficult to evaluate mixed-mode fatigue cracking due to crack surface interference, crack closure, crack branching, etc. This paper, which defines the length of a branched crack as an effective slant crack with a length equal to the distance between the two crack tips, explains the influences of crack surface interference by introducing concepts of adhesive wear and scrutinizes some related researches on mixed-mode crack growth behaviour. Additionally an effective stress intensity factor range is described which considers crack closure and crack surface interference and is verified with crack growth tests under mode I fatigue loading and cyclic mode I with a superimposed static mode II loading.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb01548.x
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  • 51
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    Mechanical Properties of Textured Alumina Made by High-Temperature Deformation (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanical properties of a textured alumina made by high-temperature deformation of normal-purity sintered alumina have been investigated. The textured alumina shows very high bending strength and extremely high fracture toughness. Fracture toughness of more than 10 MPa·m1/2 was measured by the single-edge precracked beam method, and even using the single-edge V-notched beam method, toughness of over 8 MPa·m1/2 was obtained. This high fracture toughness was attributed to a large number of aligned small platelike grains of the textured structure enhancing the grain bridging effect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb06374.x
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  • 52
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    FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH UNDER MIXED MODES I AND II (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fatigue crack growth behaviour under mixed modes I and II was studied by applying in-phase alternating tensile and torsional loading to a thin-walled hollow cylindrical specimen with an initial crack.In the linear region of a log-log plot where da/dN=A(ΔK)m, da/dN at first decreases with increasing ΔK110 component and then approaches a minimum close to the value of ΔK110/ΔK10∼ 0.58; here ΔK110/ΔK10 is the ratio of the initial ΔKII to the initial ΔK1., When ΔK110/ΔK10 increases further, da/dN increases. Under shear mode, da/dN becomes higher than that under mode I. The ΔK1, and ΔK11 components during fatigue crack growth under mixed mode loading increase and decrease, respectively, with an increase in da/dN In the low crack growth rate region the fatigue crack growth rates accelerate with an increase of the initial ΔK11 component, ΔK110. Fatigue life increases with increase of ΔK110/ΔK10 under the test condition of equivalent stress range being kept constant and the pre-crack length being the same.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00430.x
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  • 53
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    Synthesis of Ba2NaNb5O15 Powders and Thin Films Using Metal Alkoxides (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Transparent and highly oriented Ba2NaNb5O15 (BNN) thin films have been prepared by using metal alkoxides. A homogeneous precursor solution was prepared by the controlled reaction of NaOC2H5, Nb(OC2H5)5, and barium metal. The BNN precursor included a molecular-level mixture of NaNb(OC2H5)6 and Ba[Nb(OC2H5)6]2 in ethanol. The alkoxy-derived powder crystallized to a low-temperature phase, and then transformed to orthorhombic BNN (tungsten bronze) at 600°3C. BNN precursor films on substrates crystallized to orthorhombic BNN at 800°3C via the low-temperature phase. Highly (002) oriented BNN films of tungsten bronze structure were successfully prepared on MgO (100) substrates at 700°3C by using BNN underlayer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03050.x
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  • 54
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    FATIGUE CRACK CLOSURE MEASUREMENTS ON 2024-T3 SHEET SPECIMENS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A computer-controlled procedure has been developed for automatic measurement of the crack opening stress Sop during fatigue tests. A crack opening displacement gauge (COD meter) is used to obtain digital data on the load versus COD curves. Three methods for deriving Sop from the data sets are compared (1) a slope method, (2) a tangent lines intersecting method, and (3) a tangent point method. The effect of the position of the COD meter with respect to the crack tip on Sop is studied in tests of 2024-T3 specimens. Results of crack growth and Sop are presented for CA loading with an overload, and with an overload followed by an underload.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00916.x
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  • 55
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    NOTCH EFFECT ON TWO-LEVEL CUMULATIVE LOW-CYCLE FATIGUE LIFE UNDER DIFFERENT BIAXIAL LOADING MODE SEQUENCES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Two-level cumulative low-cycle fatigue lives of AISI 316 stainless steel notched specimens with different biaxial loading mode sequences were experimentally analyzed in this paper. Forty-eight cases were conducted in the experimental program by considering the loading level sequence effect, the biaxiality of two levels and the cycle ratios. Results show that interlock effect caused by the characteristic fracture surfaces of the different biaxial states is beneficial to the cumulative fatigue lives. On the other hand, the tensile loading of the second level will accelerate the opening of cracks and decrease fatigue strength. Miner's rule predicts most fatigue lives within 30% error bands, and the loading level sequence effect was not found in this research involving complex fracture modes. Fractography of specimens in the cumulative fatigue tests is reported and discussed in this paper.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00858.x
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  • 56
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    Effects of Fluids on the Simulated Clinical-Dental Machining of a Glass Ceramic (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Effects of fluids on material removal rate, chipping damage, and surface roughness in the simulated clinical-dental machining of a dental-type glass ceramic were investigated. Significant differences in removal rate were obtained among the fluids investigated, but only a 4 wt% boric acid solution gave a higher removal rate than conventionally used water. Chipping damage was substantially lower for the boric acid and an oil-emulsion coolant compared with other fluids tested. Surface roughness was independent of the fluids used. The results indicate that improvement can be achieved in both material removal rate and machining damage by the appropriate selection of coolant chemistry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.2004.00173.x
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  • 57
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    EFFECT OF NOTCH STRESS FIELD AND CRACK CLOSURE ON SHORT FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The growth rate of a short fatigue crack that is partly or wholly embedded within the notch plastic zone, is affected by the extent and intensity of the elastic-plastic notch stress field and closure effect. The notch stress—strain field and plastic zone were analysed by the Finite Element Method (FEM). The growth rate and the closure curve for a short fatigue crack emanating from the notch root were measured. Based on the experimental and numerical analyses, a modified Linear Elastic Fracture Mechanics (LEFM) parameter is proposed for a short through-thickness crack emanating from a notch root under elastic—plastic loading conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1990.tb00612.x
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  • 58
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    CRACK PROPAGATION UNDER MIXED MODE (I + III) LOADING (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 19 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— In this paper are presented the results of fatigue crack propagation tests on angled-slit, three point bend mixed-mode (I + III) specimens manufactured from a low pressure steam turbine rotor forging. The path of crack propagation has been studied for two mixed mode (I + III) loading conditions. It has been observed that crack growth occurs by a mode I mechanism and a model has been developed to correlate crack growth rates in mixed mode (I + III) specimens with data from pure mode I fatigue tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1996.tb00951.x
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  • 59
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    THE INITIATION AND PROPAGATION BEHAVIOUR OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS IN WASPALOY SUBJECTED TO BENDING (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 16 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fatigue crack growth behaviour of a nickel base superalloy, Waspaloy, has been studied using four point bending specimens in laboratory air. Two groups of tests, for which the span/width ratios were 1 and 2.5, were conducted and the results compared. Surface crack lengths were measured from plastic replicas of the surface. Equations which describe both short and long cracks have been derived and used to predict the fatigue life for the Waspaloy specimens. From plastic replication studies and scanning electron microscope examinations, a physical understanding of the relationship between crack growth and microstructural features was enhanced.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1993.tb00092.x
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  • 60
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    THE EFFECT OF MEAN STRESS ON MIXED MODE (I + III) FATIGUE THRESHOLDS (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 16 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Mode I, mode III and mixed mode (I + III) fatigue crack growth threshold tests have been performed on a 3.5% NiCrMoV steel at a range of mean stresses corresponding to load ratios R = 0.06 to 0.5. Angled slit three point bend specimens were used for mixed mode (I + III) tests, circumferentially slit round bars for mode III tests and conventional three point bend specimens for mode I tests.Test results were divided into those specimens which had failed and those in which no extension of the initial slit had occurred. The results were compared with the response predicted by two existing mixed-mode threshold models. It was found that a model based on the magnitude and direction of mode I crack opening gave results which were in better agreement with the experimental results than a model based on branch crack formation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1993.tb00744.x
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  • 61
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    A TORSION-BENDING LOADING FRAME FOR A UNIAXIAL FATIGUE TEST MACHINE (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 11 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A novel mixed-mode loading frame has been designed to fit a uniaxial servo-hydraulic test machine. The frame allows fatigue tests to be performed on circurnferentially slit round bars under combined in-phase torsion and bending loads at positive mean stresses. The growth of fatigue cracks was monitored using a direct current potential drop technique. An empirical equation relating crack depth and voltage is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1988.tb01386.x
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  • 62
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    PREDICTION OF THE LENGTH OF NON-PROPAGATING FATIGUE CRACKS (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Non-propagating cracks have been observed at notch roots by several workers. A simple linear elastic fracture mechanics model based on the Kitagawa-Takahashi diagram is presented in this paper to predict the occurrence and length of non-propagating cracks. Predicted crack lengths are compared with experimental data taken from the literature.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00477.x
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  • 63
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    MIXED MODE (I + III) FATIGUE THRESHOLDS IN A FORGING STEEL (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 12 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The results of mixed mode (I + III) fatigue tests on a low pressure steam turbine rotor steel are presented. Tests were performed on a uniaxial servohydraulic fatigue machine fitted with a torsion-bending loading frame. The onset of failure was marked by fatigue facets which grew perpendicular to the maximum principal stress direction. A criterion for mixed mode (I + III) fatigue thresholds based on the orientation and the crack opening displacement of fatigue cracks is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1989.tb00532.x
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    CRACK TIP PLASTIC ZONE SIZES IN CYLINDRICAL BARS SUBJECTED TO TORSION (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 10 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Plastic zone sizes in circumferentially cracked round bars in torsion are estimated using an adaptation of the strip yield model. Results are compared with those from elastic-plastic finite element solutions for elastic-perfectly plastic and strain hardening material conditions, as well as with previously published data. The strip yield model gives results which are in close agreement with the finite element solutions over a wide range of torques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00497.x
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  • 65
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    FORMATION OF HYDROGEN-ASSISTED INTERGRANULAR CRACKS IN HIGH STRENGTH STEELS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The fracture behaviour of high strength steels under the influence of hydrogen was studied, with special emphasis on the critical condition for the formation of intergranular (IG) cracks. Mechanical tests were carried out on cathodically charged specimens subjected to both a constant load and a constant displacement under a variety of hydrogen-charging conditions. Experimental analyses show that a high local hydrogen concentration plus a high stress intensity at a quasi-cleavage (QC) crack tip are required to initiate intergranular cracking. The condition for continued intergranular crack propagation, leading to micro-void coalescence (MVC), is determined by the combined effect of the speed of crack propagation together with the rate of hydrogen diffusion. A quasi-cleavage crack triggers the onset of intergranular crack growth irrespective of the test control parameters, i.e. constant loading or constant displacement conditions.A fracture map is proposed relating to the boundary conditions between QC, IG and MVC cracking, which will assist further research.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00884.x
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  • 66
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    A STUDY OF RETARDING FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH USING AN ARTIFICIAL WEDGE (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 16 (1993), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Based on the analysis of an artificial wedge, a model for an equivalent crack opening load for three point bend specimens is presented. It has been verified by experiments that the crack growth force calculated from the above model, and the relationship between the calculated ΔKeff and da/dN are almost the same as those of cracked specimens without a wedge. Therefore this model can be applied to estimate retardation or crack arrest behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1993.tb00093.x
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  • 67
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    A BIAXIAL CYCLIC PLASTIC ANALYSIS FOR CYLINDRICAL SPECIMENS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The cylindrical specimen is a common configuration adopted for biaxial fatigue testing. A rigorous yet practical analysis is presented here under the framework of incremental plasticity. The cyclic stress-strain curve is obtained from four different plasticity models, and correlated with twenty-six in-phase biaxial tests on En15R steel. Stabilized hysteresis loops can also be derived based on the cyclic stress-strain curve under a J2-kinematic hardening formulation with special consideration of the rounding transition at the instant of yielding. A correlation for the hysteretic strain hardening exponent N is required for materials that exhibit non-Masing behaviour; i.e. do not allow a full description of hysteresis loops from knowledge of the cyclic stress-strain curve. The solution is further generalized to out-of-phase loading, where the rotation of the active stress state around the yield surface is illustrated. This compares favourably with ten out-of-phase tests on En15R steel.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00827.x
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  • 68
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    INTERACTION OF OVERLOADS ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH FOR 40CrNi STEEL (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: This work was designed to improve the general understanding of loading sequence effects on fatigue crack growth and lead to the development of improved methods for predicting crack propagation behaviour. Two loading histories were selected (1) a baseline amplitude with periodic overloads or underloads, and (2) several overloads without interactive effects. The specimen used was of a Wedge Opening Loading type and the material was a low alloy high strength steel, i.e. 4OCrNi. It was found that the Linear Summation of Damage (LSD) assumption could be applied in predicting fatigue crack growth rate (FCGR) under periodic overloads or underloads within the scatterband of the constant amplitude data obtained using an Alternating Current Potential Drop technique for measuring crack length for multiple specimens with several load amplitudes. A discrepancy existed between the FCGR predicted from LSD and the one actually measured during several hundreds of loading cycles immediately following every non-interactive overload of the latter loading history although the overload ratio was the same as that of periodic overloading. The causes of this phenomenon are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1991.tb00724.x
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  • 69
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    A SUB-SURFACE STRENGTHENING MODEL FOR A NON-PROPAGATING FATIGUE CRACK IN MARTENSITIC–FERRITIC STEEL (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 1 (1979), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Microcrack growth in a ferrite grain in a two phase martensitic–ferritic steel was studied. A local deformation parameter, the unzipping crack increment, can be used to characterize crack tip deformation and crack growth rate. The microcrack growth behavior is interpreted in terms of the calculated unzipping crack increment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1979.tb01335.x
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  • 70
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    FATIGUE LIFE BEHAVIOR OF MONOCRYSTALLINE COPPER IN 0.1 M PERCHLORIC ACID (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have studied the fatigue lives of single crystals of copper in 0.1 M HClO4under different polarization potentials. Perchloric acid was chosen for the aqueous environment because it allows us to control the corrosion reactions rigorously. Persistent slip band (PSB) behaviour and crack nucleation were studied during life, and fracture surfaces after failure.Different behavior was observed depending on strain amplitude. At 2 × 10-3 plastic shear strain amplitude, anodic potential was observed to decrease life, whereas cathodic potenlial was found to be less damaging than laboratory air. Crack nucleation and propagation occurred along the primary slip plane for both conditions. The reduction of fatigue life under anodic potential is explained by enhanced localized strain at the PSB's and preferential dissolution within them.However, for a strain amplitude of 4 × 10-3, cracks nucleated and propagated along the secondary slip system. We observed crack nucleation to be associated with deformation-induced stress concentrations, and the aqueous solution showed no aggressive effect under either anodic or cathodic potential.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00426.x
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  • 71
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    Dielectric Depression and Dispersion in Electrophoretically Fabricated BaTiO3 Ceramic Films (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Dielectric depression and dispersion were observed in BaTiO3 ceramic films fabricated by electrophoretic deposition followed by sintering. The dielectric constants were depressed down to 6800-4600 around the Curie point (TC). The dielectric dispersion occurred above TC. These dielectric properties are attributable to a surface layer formed during sintering. XRD analysis indicated that the surface layer was a hexagonal-like BaTiO3 phase. A mixed solvent of acetylacetone and alcohol employed in the present work may have been responsible for the formation of the surface layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03072.x
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  • 72
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    PREDICTION AND EVALUATION OF LONG-TERM CREEP-FATIGUE LIFE (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 9 (1986), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Ordinary short-term creep fatigue tests were carried out on a servo-hydraulic testing machine for various heat resistant steels. From these results a life prediction method in the long-term creep-fatigue regime is proposed using creep rupture ductility data up to 105 h. To verify the predicted life the authors have developed a new type of testing machine driven by thermo-actuator which can evaluate the long-term creep-fatigue behaviour of materials beyond 104 h.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1986.tb00438.x
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  • 73
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    LIFE PREDICTION OF 316 STAINLESS STEEL UNDER CREEP-FATIGUE LOADING (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 9 (1987), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Life prediction for creep-fatigue loading conditions should be related to creep damage mechanisms. In order to examine the effect of the creep damage mode on rupture life under creep-fatigue loading, a “combined creep-fatigue loading test” was carried out on 316 stainless steel. In this method, creep loading and fatigue loading are repeated alternately. The fracture criteria under combined loading closely depend on the creep fracture modes of the static creep test. A new life prediction method which uses this new fracture criterion is proposed. The criteria are changed when the creep damage mode varies. In order to verify the adequacy of this method, fatigue tests with a tensile strain-hold wave form were carried out. It is clear that rupture life in such fatigue tests is dependent on the chosen fracture criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1987.tb00467.x
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  • 74
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    Three-Dimensional Carbon/Silicon Carbide Composites Prepared by Chemical Vapor Infiltration (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 80 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Continuous-carbon-fiber-reinforced silicon carbide composites (C/SiC) were prepared by chemical vapor infiltration in which the preforms were fabricated with the three-dimensional braid method. The mechanical properties and microstructures were investigated. For the composites with no interfacial layer, flexural strength and fracture toughness increased with density of the composites, and the maximum values were 520 MPa and 16.5 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The fracture behavior was dependent on the interfacial bonding between fiber/matrix and fiber bundle/bundle which was determined by the density of the composites. Heat treatment had a significant influence on the mechanical properties and fracture behavior. The composites with pyrolysis interfacial layers exhibited characteristic fracture and relatively low strength (300 MPa).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.1997.tb03069.x
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  • 75
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    PRACTICAL STRESS EXPRESSIONS FOR STRESS CONCENTRATION REGIONS (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Approximate equations were developed to describe the stress fields in stress concentration regions. A uniaxial tension loading condition was considered. For infinite bodies, the stress equations contain two parameters, the stress concentration factor Kt and the notch root radius ρ; for finite bodies, a finite size correction factor fw which involves the notch depth, t, and the length of ligament ahead of the notch tip, d, was introduced. After the approximate equations reach their minimum value, a uniform distribution is assumed. The accuracy of this description of the stress field was verified by comparison with analytical solutions and the results of numerical analysis. The new equations give better estimations of stress fields than currently available approximate expressions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00912.x
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  • 76
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    APPROXIMATE EXPRESSIONS FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL NOTCH TIP STRESS FIELDS (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 19 (1996), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The analytical solution of Sadowsky and Sternberg for the stress field around an biaxial elliptical cavity in an infinite elastic body was carefully examined. For uniaxial tension, it was found that the stress concentration factor varies very slowly along the equator of the cavity, regardless of the shape of the cavity. As was found for two dimensional notch problems, the normalized stress fields around cavities with different shapes are virtually identical within the stress concentration region and differ only slightly beyond that region. This fact permits simple, yet very accurate approximate stress equations to be developed for three dimensional notch problems by modifying the previously obtained solutions for two dimensional notch problems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1996.tb01024.x
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  • 77
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    MODE I STRESS INTENSITY FACTOR EQUATIONS FOR CRACKS AT NOTCHES AND CAVITIES (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 20 (1997), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— In this paper, the notch-crack problem is treated in two different ways: if the non-dimensional crack length l/ρ (l= crack length; ρ= notch root radius) is smaller than the transition crack length lT/ρ, it is treated as an edge crack lying within the local stress field around the notch tip; if l/ρ is larger than lT/ρ, the notch-crack is considered as a simple flat crack problem subjected to remote loading, the flat crack size being the sum of notch depth and the real crack length. Based on currently available numerical data, expressions for the transition crack length, lT, and for the geometric factor F=KI/(1.1215Ktσ√πl) are developed for various notch problems for the crack length range l≦lT. It is found that the stress (σyy) normalized by the peak stress (σpeak), σyy/σpeak, for the pre-cracked component is very similar to the geometric factor for short cracks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1997.tb01493.x
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    Tetragonal-to-Monoclinic Phase Transitions in Nanocrystalline Rare-Earth-Stabilized Zirconia Prepared by a Mild Hydrothermal Method (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Nanocrystalline 4-mol%-Sc2O3-stabilized zirconia (4ScSZ) and 4-mol%-Y2O3-stabilized zirconia (4YSZ) powders were prepared by a mild urea-based hydrothermal method. The as-prepared 4ScSZ and 4YSZ powders behaved with different tetragonal–monoclinic (t–m) transitions on calcination at temperatures between 400° and 1400°C. For the as-calcined 4ScSZ samples, the monoclinic phase fraction varies discontinuously with increasing temperature, i.e., first increases, then decreases, and finally increases again; whereas the monoclinic phase content reduces monotonously for the as-calcined 4YSZ samples, and only tetragonal phase is present over 1000°C. Such interesting results can be explained satisfactorily by considering the combined influences of crystallite size effect, microstrain, and the stabilization effect of the dopant. The microstrain relaxation is mainly responsible for the unusual phase transition in the 4ScSZ samples, while for the 4YSZ samples, the microstrain effect and crystallite size effect can be masked by the stabilization effect of the Y2O3 dopant due to its stronger stabilization capability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb07504.x
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  • 79
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    CORROSION FATIGUE FRACTURE-MODE MAPS OF LOW ALLOY STEELS (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fatigue fracture features of low alloy steels in aqueous environments are investigated. It is revealed that microstructures, compositions and mechanical variables will affect the fracture mode. A series of fracture-mode maps of structural steels are established and a corrosion-fatigue-mechanism map of 15 Mn dual-phase steel is developed. The importance of fractography and fracture-mode is emphasized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1992.tb00013.x
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  • 80
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    INTERACTIVE EFFECT OF TWO COPLANAR CRACKS ON PLASTIC YIELDING AND COALESCENCE (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A theoretical study of the conditions for coalescence of two fatigue cracks in a multi-crack system is presented. As both cracks grow, the near-side plastic zone sizes of the interacting cracks increase more rapidly than the off-side zone sizes which results in higher overall crack propagation rates for an interacting crack growth system than the simple addition of individual crack growth rates. The use of a single crack growth model to predict failure in the presence of two or more cracks may therefore underestimate the interaction between cracks and lead to un-conservative predictions. Some of the theoretical predictions were confirmed by published results of experimental measurements of crack interaction distances in multi-crack systems.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00833.x
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  • 81
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    FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF STABLE CRACK GROWTH IN THREE SIZES OF COMPACT SPECIMENS OF A508 STEEL (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 16 (1993), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Plane strain, elastic-plastic, finite element analyses have been undertaken to simulate stable crack growth in an A508 forging steel for three different sizes of compact tension specimen and for small scale yielding by enforcing the same experimentally-measured deformation theory J resistance curve. The results show that path-dependence of the numerically calculated J-integral occurs from the very beginning of crack growth, and the degree of path-dependence is not strongly related to the amount of crack growth expressed as a proportion of the uncracked ligament. Crack tip stresses and strains are only mildly sensitive to changes in specimen size for the range of crack extension investigated. Small specimens appear to produce more intense deformation than small scale yielding and therefore cause more damage. For a tough steel such as A508 the parameter bσf/Jd, appears to be the most important in limiting the validity of J-characterized fields of deformation ahead of the growing crack.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1993.tb00741.x
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  • 82
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    Subsurface Indentation Damage and Mechanical Characterization of α-Sialon Ceramics (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Two hot-pressed sintered α-sialon samples of differing microstructures, but identical chemical composition, were evaluated first, in terms of indentation hardness and modulus, by depth-sensing indentation (DSI) tests on planes parallel and normal to the hot-pressed surface. The surface and subsurface cracks created under the DSI tests have also been investigated in relation to the effect of microstructure. Subsequently, Vickers indentation tests were conducted to explore the deformation and fracture characteristics in the two samples. The effect of microstructure and grain orientation on the development of different types of cracks, in particular subsurface cracks, was revealed and analyzed. Additionally, it suggested that the focused ion beam (FIB) miller is a preferred tool, in comparison to the conventional cross-sectioning techniques, for examining subsurface crack formation and structural characteristics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb06368.x
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    Microstructures and Microwave Dielectric Characteristics of CaRAlO4 (R = Nd, Sm, Y) Ceramics with Tetragonal K2NiF4 Structure (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
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    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: CaRAlO4 (R = Nd, Sm, Y) ceramics with a K2NiF4 structure were prepared by a solid-state reaction approach, and their microwave dielectric characteristics were evaluated, along with their microstructures. Dense CaNdAlO4, CaSmAlO4, and CaYAlO4 ceramics were obtained by sintering at 1425°–1500°C in air for 3 h, and good microwave dielectric characteristics were achieved: (1) ɛ= 18.2, Qf= 17 980 GHz, τf=−52 ppm/°C for CaNdAlO4; (2) ɛ= 18.2, Qf= 51 060 GHz, τf=−3 ppm/°C for CaSmAlO4; and (3) ɛ= 18.9, Qf= 39 960 GHz, τf= 6 ppm/°C for CaYAlO4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb06373.x
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  • 84
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    STRESS INTENSITY FACTORS FOR CRACKS IN NOTCHED FINITE PLATES SUBJECTED TO BIAXIAL LOADING (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 8 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Stress intensity factors were calculated, based on Bueckner's principle for cracks in both infinite and finite plates with notches subjected to biaxial loading. Approximate Green's functions have been obtained by modifying two existing Green's functions, originally for unnotched plates. Values of stress intensity factors calculated using Bueckner's principle with the approximate Green's functions are in good agreement with published stress intensity factors for cracks in both infinite and finite plates containing a circular notch or an elliptical notch, previously found by the method of boundary collocation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1985.tb00433.x
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    STRENGTH PREDICTION AND DAMAGE MECHANISMS OF GLASS/EPOXY WOVEN LAMINATES WITH CIRCULAR HOLES (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The notched strengths of four woven laminates (two orthotropic, one quasi-isotropic and one square symmetrical) under monotonic uniaxial loading, predicted with the point and average stress criteria, the two parameter criterion, the progressive degradation model, and the initial and improved point and minimal strength models, have been respectively compared with the experimental data. The damage mechanisms for the laminates were tentatively studied. The results show that, for minimal experimental information, the notched strengths predicted by the improved minimal strength models are the most precise and the progressive degradation model can numerically illustrate the damage mechanisms in detail. The damage mechanisms of the woven laminates were found to be very different from those of non-woven laminates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00241.x
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  • 86
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    Preparation of Hydroxyapatite Fibers by Electrospinning Technique (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of the American Ceramic Society 87 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1551-2916
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Hydroxyapatite (Ca10(PO4)6(OH)2, HA) fibers were prepared by electrospinning a precursor mixture of Ca(NO3)2·4H2O and (C2H5O)3PO with a polymer additive, followed by a thermal treatment. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis of the annealed composite fibers revealed that pure HA phase could be obtained by annealing at 600°C for 1 h. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis showed the surface of as-electrospun composite fibers with an average diameter of 50 μm was smooth due to the amorphous nature of the polymer. However, the surface of the calcined HA fibers was rough because of the complete removal of the polymer. The pure HA fibers obtained by electrospinning in this work were up to 10 mm in length and 10–30 μm in diameter and the hydroxyapatite grain size was ∼1 μm in the HA fibers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1151-2916.2004.tb06351.x
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  • 87
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    A NEW APPROACH TO FATIGUE THRESHOLD (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Conventionally, the fatigue threshold of a long-crack is obtained by load shedding using a constant normalized K-gradient, as recommended by ASTM E-647. However, this load shedding procedure often causes the crack opening displacement to decrease with increasing crack length, which may trigger crack closure. In this study, load shedding tests were conducted in load control following a power-law load shedding schedule such that the crack opening displacement was kept at a relatively constant level. Using this new testing procedure, it is shown that crack closure is not always as high as that associated with the ASTM recommended procedure at a given ΔK. Comparisons of fatigue crack growth rates under identical testing parameters, but with different closure levels produced by the two load shedding procedures, have been made for several structural alloys. The extrinsic shielding of the crack tip zone via crack closure has also been examined using an energy approach for these alloys. On the basis of these analyses, the true effective stress intensity range is evaluated for fatigue crack propagation and the role of crack closure in creating a fatigue threshold is re-assessed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00908.x
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  • 88
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    BEHAVIOUR OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS IN A MEDIUM CARBON STEEL SUBJECTED TO BENDING (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The fatigue process of a 0.45% carbon steel was studied with hour-glass shaped specimens under rotatary bending. The plastic replication technique was applied to observe surface short fatigue cracks. Fatigue cracks initiated continuously with increasing number of cycles. The failure of a specimen largely depended on the number and distribution of these short cracks. The relationship of surface fatigue crack density to both stress amplitude and number of cycles was determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1991.tb00665.x
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  • 89
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    PROPAGATION BEHAVIOUR OF SHORT FATIGUE CRACKS IN Q2N STEEL (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The work described in this paper characterizes short fatigue crack growth behaviour of Q2N steel having a complex microstructure and designated for pressure vessel and offshore structure applications. Short and long fatigue crack growth tests for this steel were conducted under three point bend loading conditions. It was found that, in the initial stages of growth, short cracks propagate much faster than those of long cracks when correlated with the linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) parameter ΔK. A period of crack growth retardation was observed at crack lengths of approx 50 μm. The theory of the interaction between short cracks and grain boundaries fails to predict the occurrence of this deceleration minima. A new short crack deceleration mechanism is proposed based on experimental observation. Observation of the characteristic behaviour of short cracks allowed the development of a short crack growth model based on microstructural fracture mechanics analyses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb01187.x
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  • 90
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    STATIC AND CYCLIC LOADING OF NOTCHED 304 STAINLESS STEEL BARS AT 650°C (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Circular-notched and sharp-notched specimens made from 304 stainless steel have been tested at 650°C. The notched specimens are subjected to both constant and cyclic loading. The cyclic loading consists of a ramp increase in load followed by constant load and ramp unloading. The cycle times are 1 min and 10 min. It is found for the circular-notched specimen that failure is dictated by the time on load and is independent of the number of cycles. Metallographic observations support the test results with fatigue damage being apparent only in the sharp-notched specimens subjected to short-time cyclic loading. Otherwise damage has the character of intergranular creep rupture.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1990.tb00587.x
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  • 91
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    THE PLASTICITY AND FRACTURE OF IN-SITU COMPOSITES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Heavily deformed two-phase materials, often referred to as in-situ composites, have been shown to exhibit strengths which approach the theoretical limit. This paper considers the mechanical response of these materials from both a macroscopic and microscopic point of view in terms of the competing processes of continued plastic Bow and fracture. The results from a wide variety of composite systems and experimental techniques are examined to suggest a number of areas requiring further study in the fields of plasticity and fracture of engineering materials.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00900.x
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  • 92
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    SOME CREEP/FATIGUE PROPERTIES OF TYPE 316 STEEL AT 625°C (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 3 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Strain controlled continuous cycling fatigue tests are reported on three casts of Type 316 steel; the results obtained are shown to be consistent with published data.Strain controlled creep/fatigue tests are reported involving a hold period per cycle of between 0·2 and 168 h on one batch of Type 316 steel. An empirical extrapolation of the data and one involving a linear damage summation suggest that the existing Code Case N47 creep/fatigue design curve and rules are over-conservative. A stress relaxation/fatigue endurance correlation shows some promise for predictive purposes. Although many of the mechanical test and metallurgical features observed are consistent with a fundamental crack growth extrapolation approach, further consideration of detailed aspects are necessary before it can be used with confidence. It is concluded that there are no entirely reliable methods of extrapolation currently available for Type 316 steel and longer term tests are therefore essential to reduce the extrapolation uncertainties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1980.tb01103.x
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  • 93
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    THE CREEP/FATIGUE BEHAVIOUR OF TYPE 316 STEEL UNDER REVERSE BENDING CONDITIONS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Reverse bending creep/fatigue tests have been performed on Type 316 steel at temperatures of 550 and 600°C for test durations of up to 12,000 h. It is shown that endurances obtained are comparable to those observed under push-pull conditions and that the introduction of a hold period can significantly reduce the endurance. Detailed fractography indicates that creep/fatigue in tension is more damaging than creep/fatigue in compression. The crack initiation behaviour is shown to be temperature dependent and may result from the combination of tensile and shear stresses, the relative importance of which will depend on the precise conditions of temperature, stress level and possibly microstructure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1990.tb00626.x
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  • 94
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    A DUCTILITY EXHAUSTION EVALUATION OF SOME LONG TERM CREEP/FATIGUE TESTS ON AUSTENITIC STEEL (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 11 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— A limited number of long term creep/fatigue tests performed on two batches of Type 316 steel and one batch of associated 17Cr8Ni2Mo weld metal are reported. Test durations range from 5000 to 32,000 h and temperatures from 5.50 to 625 ° C. Subsequent metallographic examination shows the failures to be wholly or predominantly intergranular. The results are analysed using a ductility exhaustion approach and it is shown that the endurances obtained are within a factor of two of predicted values. The results confirm that the design approach to creep/fatigue currently being developed in the U.K. and based on ductility exhaustion is likely to be satisfactory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1988.tb01390.x
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  • 95
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    STATISTICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF RANDOM CRACK PATTERNS CAUSED BY THERMAL FATIGUE (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 15 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Thermal fatigue experiments performed with an austenitic steel give rise to an irregular pattern of cracks on the specimen surface. The investigations are aimed at characterizing the patterns in quantitative terms and at discerning trends with increasing numbers of cycles. Statistical methods based on different models of stochastic geometry are applied to take into account the random influence in pattern formation. Descriptive statistics as well as stochastic models are used to characterize the damage level. The stochastic models, such as fibre processes and random mosaics, will finally correlate the physical damage process with the random crack pattern observed. It is shown in this paper how the statistical characteristics of the random crack patterns can be related to the statistical characteristics of the stochastic models and the way the physical nature of the damage process influences these quantities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1992.tb00029.x
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  • 96
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    EFFECTS OF SHORT-TERM HEATING CYCLES ON FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH IN 7075-T651 (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 7 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Changes in the crack growth behavior of 7075-T651 aluminum specimens which had been exposed to temperatures between 121 and 179°C were evaluated. Specimens were fatigue tested at room temperature under flight-by-flight loading conditions. Results from these tests were then compared with data from the as-received material. Exposure to 141°C or more produced a definite increase in specimen life, apparently due to a decrease in crack growth rate. In contrast, preliminary experiments using constant amplitude loading did not show noticeable effects of these thermal treatments on fatigue lifetime. The thermal treatments were found to cause overaging of the metastable precipitate microstructure, which was thought to be responsible for the changes in fatigue response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1984.tb00190.x
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  • 97
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    INVESTIGATIONS INTO THE MECHANICS OF CRACK ARREST IN LARGE PLATES OF 1.5%Ni TMCP STEEL (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 17 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— Large scale, structurally representative, double tension crack arrest tests have been undertaken at temperatures between −99°C and −87°C. Applied stresses and the length of the embrittled crack starter sections were varied to give different applied stress intensity factors in the tests. The results indicate that crack arrest in structures is not governed solely by a so-called crack arrest temperature but that static linear elastic fracture mechanics can be used to describe it. The measured crack arrest toughness temperature curve of the 1.5%Ni TMCP steel investigated lies at the lower bound of published data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1994.tb00802.x
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  • 98
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    ON SPLITTING AND CRACKING OF ELASTIC BODIES (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 18 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1995.tb00864.x
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  • 99
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    CRACK-FOLLOWING FOR ACCURATELY DETERMINING FRACTURE TOUGHNESS (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 14 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Current standard fracture-mechanics methods encourage sudden, explosive and total testpiece fracturing in which one catastrophic event produces one set of measurements. By demanding conformance to the overall elasticity requirement while relaxing thickness and crack-length specifications and following a slow crack-growth sequence, series of simultaneous measurements were made on single testpieces. From these measurements independent values of the Mode-I critical stress-intensity factor and strain-energy release rate were determined. Polyethersulphone injection-moulded discs were prepared as round-compact testpieces. The crack grown from a chevron-notch was propagated under control, slowly. A large number of measurements were made as the crack extended. The fractures were smooth, square to the body of each disc and had a stable crack path across the diameter. The independent fracture-toughness values were small but their derived modulus agreed well with directly measured values of Young's modulus, thus confirming the elastic integrity of the test.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1991.tb00696.x
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  • 100
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    TOWARDS PRACTICAL NON-DESTRUCTIVE FATIGUE DAMAGE INDICATORS (1979)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Fatigue & fracture of engineering materials & structures 1 (1979), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-2695
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract— The applicability of measurements of residual stress, X-ray diffraction line broadening, ultrasonic absorption, and phase changes, for the purpose of fatigue damage detection was explored on SAE 1008 plain carbon steel and type 304 and type 316 stainless steels. The most promising indicators of progressive damage appear to be residual stress and phase change measurements. While diffraction line broadening is not very useful as an indicator of progressive damage, it can serve as an indicator of the stress or strain range to which a critical part has been subjected, and may therefore prove useful for monitoring and diagnostic purposes. From the limited data on ultrasonic absorption measurements little can be said about their applicability to fatigue damage assessment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-2695.1979.tb00390.x
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