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  • nitrogen  (795)
  • kinetics  (727)
  • Springer  (1,520)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (1)
  • 1
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    Optimised use of data fusion and memory‐based learning with an Austrian soil library for predictions with infrared data (2023)
    Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Oxford, UK
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-12
    Description: 〈title xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"〉Abstract〈/title〉〈p xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xml:lang="en"〉Infrared spectroscopy in the visible to near‐infrared (vis–NIR) and mid‐infrared (MIR) regions is a well‐established approach for the prediction of soil properties. Different data fusion and training approaches exist, and the optimal procedures are yet undefined and may depend on the heterogeneity present in the set and on the considered scale. The objectives were to test the usefulness of partial least squares regressions (PLSRs) for soil organic carbon (SOC), total carbon (C〈sub〉t〈/sub〉), total nitrogen (N〈sub〉t〈/sub〉) and pH using vis–NIR and MIR spectroscopy for an independent validation after standard calibration (use of a general PLSR model) or using memory‐based learning (MBL) with and without spiking for a national spectral database. Data fusion approaches were simple concatenation of spectra, outer product analysis (OPA) and model averaging. In total, 481 soils from an Austrian forest soil archive were measured in the vis–NIR and MIR regions, and regressions were calculated. Fivefold calibration‐validation approaches were carried out with a region‐related split of spectra to implement independent validations with n ranging from 47 to 99 soils in different folds. MIR predictions were generally superior over vis–NIR predictions. For all properties, optimal predictions were obtained with data fusion, with OPA and spectra concatenation outperforming model averaging. The greatest robustness of performance was found for OPA and MBL with spiking with 〈italic toggle="no"〉R〈/italic〉〈sup〉2〈/sup〉 ≥ 0.77 (N), 0.85 (SOC), 0.86 (pH) and 0.88 (C〈sub〉t〈/sub〉) in the validations of all folds. Overall, the results indicate that the combination of OPA for vis–NIR and MIR spectra with MBL and spiking has a high potential to accurately estimate properties when using large‐scale soil spectral libraries as reference data. However, the reduction of cost‐effectiveness using two spectrometers needs to be weighed against the potential increase in accuracy compared to a single MIR spectroscopy approach.〈/p〉
    Description: Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001659
    Keywords: ddc:631.4 ; data fusion ; independent validation ; infrared spectroscopy ; MBL ; nitrogen ; outer product analysis ; pH ; soil organic carbon ; spiking ; total carbon
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Human vitamin C requirements (1987)
    Springer
    European journal of nutrition 26 (1987), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-6215
    Keywords: vitamin C ; functions ; kinetics ; pool ; saturation ; requirements ; RDA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die Bedeutung von Vitamin C für den menschlichen Organismus wird aus den wichtigen Funktionen ersichtlich, an denen das Vitamin beteiligt ist, wie zum Beispiel Kollagen- und Karnitinsynthesen. In neuerer Zeit entdeckt wurde seine Rolle bei der Noradrenalinsynthese, der Inaktivierung von freien Radikalen sowie der Verhinderung der Nitrosaminbildung. Die Vielfalt dieser Vitamin-C-abhängigen Funktionen läßt erkennen, daß die Bedarfsfestsetzung für Vitamin C nicht nur die Verhütung der Mangelkrankheit Skorbut anvisieren, sondern auch berücksichtigen sollte, daß alle diese Funktionen jederzeit genügend Vitamin C zur Verfügung haben müßten, um optimal reagieren zu können. Das Konzept der Gewebesättigung kommt diesem Ziel am nächsten. Studien mit einem kinetischen Modell haben ergeben, daß eine Sättigung mit täglicher Einnahme von 100 mg Vitamin C bei Nichtrauchern und von 140 mg bei Rauchern eintritt, Mengen, die als optimale Werte gelten können. Bei verschiedenen Krankheiten dürfte der Bedarf höher sein; die genauen Mengen müssen jedoch erst noch ermittelt werden.
    Notes: Summary The importance of vitamin C is reflected in its multifunctional roles which include participation in collagen and carnitine syntheses, promotion of iron absorption and the more recently discovered participation in noradrenaline synthesis, inactivation of free radical chain reactions, prevention of N-nitroso compound formation and more. Given the many extra-antiscorbutic functions of the vitamin, the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) should not just prevent deficiency disease but should aim at providing sufficient amounts for all vitamin C-dependent functions to operate at full capacity. The concept of vitamin C tissue saturation is best able to meet this demand. The use of kinetic models has shown that the body pool is saturated with a daily intake of 100 mg vitamin C in non-smokers and 140 mg in smokers, amounts that may be regarded as optimal RDA values. Certain disease states may be accompanied by still higher vitamin C requirements but the exact amounts are not yet known.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02019608
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of acrylamide initiated by Ce(IV)-lactic acid redox system (1983)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 188-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymerization ; kinetics ; redox polymerization ; acrylamide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410701
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the theory of photoadsorption kinetics of a-Se colloids: The thermal activation energy and compensation effect (1988)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 266 (1988), S. 958-964 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: a-Se colloids ; photoadsorption ; kinetics ; activation energy ; compensation effect
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this study, a model is developed to explain in microscopic terms the results obtained from thermally activated photoadsorption experiments in a-Se colloids. The observed compensation effect can be described for two different cases. At low efficiency adsorption, the process is controlled by the potential at the boundary layer. In the high efficiency adsorption case, the process is controlled by diffusion transport.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410853
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of specimen thickness on isothermal crystallization kinetics. A theoretical analysis (1984)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 262 (1984), S. 366-373 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: kinetics ; isothermal crystallization ; polymer ; spherulite ; differential scanning calorimetry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In the DSC technique, isothermal crystallization experiments are usually performed on thin flat specimens, but their interpretation generally uses theories developed for an unbounded volume. In this paper, isothermal crystallization of spherical entities in the volume limited by two parallel infinite planes is considered. Our model, derived from Avrami's theory, gives an analytical expression for the transformed volume fraction as a function of time. It is shown that the influence of thickness becomes important when thickness becomes of the order of or smaller than the average spherulite radius. The main effects of a decreasing thickness are a slower crystallization kinetics and a decrease in the Avrami exponent. These results can be used to interpret experimental data obtained in isothermal polymer crystallization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01410254
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Laser temperature jump experiments with fluorescence polarization and turbidity detection on the phase transition of single shell vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (1985)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 263 (1985), S. 484-493 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Phospholipid bilayer ; kinetics ; laser temperature jump ; phase transition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The iodine-laser temperature-jump technique has been used to investigate the main phase transition in single shell vesicles of dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine. The probe molecules DPH and TMA-DPH were incorporated into the lipid bilayer and laserT-jump experiments with turbidity and flourescence polarization detection were performed. We found three well separated relaxation processes between 5 μs and 10 ms. The relaxation signals showed strong cooperativity in the relaxation times as well as in their corresponding amplituedes. We attributed the relaxation to the formation and dissolution of clusters of different order inside the bilayer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01458339
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radical desorption in the emulsion polymerisation of vinyl monomers (1987)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 265 (1987), S. 58-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polymerisation ; emulsion ; styrene ; methylmethacrylate ; kinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The dependence of emulsion polymerisation rates on a number of important parameters is considered. Attention is paid to the use of seeded emulsion systems for the evaluation of radical desorption coefficients (k o). Experimental conditions are shown to be important. When the average number of radicals per particle is low, large changes in the rate coefficient for chain termination do not have a large effect on the kinetics. With styrene and methylmethacrylate, radical re-absorption by the polymer particles is shown to be important and radical capture efficiences can be high. Consistency is established between the results of a number of workers and values fork o are shown to be lower than those calculated from chain transfer rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01422665
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of TiO2 on the kinetics of polyamide 6 crystallization (1983)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 261 (1983), S. 621-625 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Polyamide 6 ; crystallisation ; kinetics ; titania
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The kinetics of isothermal and nonisothermal crystallization of polyamide-6 (PA6) containing titania was studied by means of DSC. It was found thatTiO 2 causes an acceleration in the crystallization of polyamide-6 and lowers the value of the Avrami exponent,n. The presence of TiO2 does not affect equilibrium melting pointT m 0 , glass temperatureT g, or surface free energiesσ e andσ of the basal and lateral surfaces.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01415030
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of nitrogen fertilization of tomato on feeding site selection and oviposition by Trialeurodes vaporariorum (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 86 (1998), S. 175-182 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Aleyrodidae ; greenhouse whitefly ; nitrogen ; host selection ; oviposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Tomato plants, Lycopersicon esculentum Miller cv 'Tres Cantos', were supplied with high (308 ppm), medium (140 ppm) and low (84 ppm) nitrogen doses in order to determine the influence of nitrogen fertilization on feeding and oviposition site selection by greenhouse whitefly adults, T. vaporariorum (Westwood). The nitrogen and water content was higher in plants supplied with 308 N ppm than in plants with medium or low nitrogen doses and no differences were found in soluble sugar content. The leaves of the upper plant stratum (leaves 1–5) had the greatest nitrogen and water content, independent of the nitrogen dose applied. The plants were exposed to T. vaporariorum adults into a greenhouse under two current (late autumn-winter and spring-early summer) situations of the tomato crop in the Mediterranean area. The distribution of whitefly adults on the plants was affected by the nitrogen dose in both experimental conditions, the number of adults was higher on the plants supplied with high nitrogen dose. Within plants, adult distribution was affected by leaf position, the upper plant stratum being preferred for feeding. Whitefly females selected for oviposition and laid more eggs on plants and leaves of plants with higher nitrogen and water contents. We conclude that whitefly host selection for feeding and ovipositing are related to differences in nitrogen and water content of the host plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003145813704
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fecundity and egg distribution of the herbivore Spodoptera pectinicornis as influenced by quality of the floating aquatic plant Pistia stratiotes (1998)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 86 (1998), S. 295-304 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: fecundity ; host plant quality ; Pistia stratiotes ; Spodoptera pectinicornis ; nitrogen ; trichomes ; oviposition ; biological control of weeds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We determined the influence of larval host quality of the floating aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes L. (Araceae) on the fecundity and egg distribution of the biological control agent Spodoptera pectinicornis (Hampson) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Different nutritional levels were produced by growing plants with relatively low and high levels of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. Female and male pupal biomass were significantly greater when the larvae were fed leaves from the high fertilizer plants. Although the fertilizer treatments did not significantly influence total fecundity, there was an indirect effect as adults from larger pupae were more fecund. Regardless of treatment, ovipositing females formed a depression in the leaf surface by removing trichomes into which they deposited the egg masses. Most of the egg masses were laid on the lower leaf surface, on leaf positions 5–8 (counting from the young inner to the outer leaves) and during days 1–2 post-eclosion. Most of the eggs were laid in masses but about 12% were solitary. Females fed the low fertilizer treatment laid a greater proportion (mean ± s.e.) of their eggs as solitary eggs (17.3 ± 3.4% of total eggs) than did females fed the high fertilizer treatment (8.3 ± 2.3% of total eggs). The increased percentage of solitary eggs laid by the females from the low quality larval diet may be an adaptive response to decrease competition among the progeny.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003193220069
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