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  • Arctic
  • Springer  (50)
  • American Meteorological Society  (30)
  • International Arctic Petroleum Cooperation: Barents Sea Scenarios  (2)
  • Molecular Diversity Preservation International
  • 1
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    Chapter 1 Introduction (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | International Arctic Petroleum Cooperation: Barents Sea Scenarios | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-30
    Description: Will Arctic states cooperate in the development of Arctic petroleum resources? This is what they declare, but the barriers to the cooperative development of Arctic petroleum resources are intensifying and the future is unclear.
    Keywords: natural resources ; actic region ; natural resources ; actic region ; Anatoly Zolotukhin ; Arctic ; Barents Sea ; Norway ; Norway–Russia border ; Petroleum ; Petroleum industry ; Russia ; thema EDItEUR::K Economics, Finance, Business and Management::KN Industry and industrial studies::KNB Energy industries and utilities::KNBP Petroleum, oil and gas industries
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Chapter 6 Norwegian–Russian political relations and Barents oil and gas developments (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | International Arctic Petroleum Cooperation: Barents Sea Scenarios | Routledge
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-09-12
    Description: The political relationship between Norway and Russia will influence the development of Barents Sea oil and gas. The state plays a decisive role in both the Norwegian and Russian parts of the sea. It does so as a regulator, through taxation, and through the national oil and gas companies, Gazprom, Rosneft, and Statoil. Thus, if the two states have a good relationship characterized by mutual trust, they can coordinate, search for complementarities, and mitigate issues that arise. Furthermore, due to the rising cost of oil and gas production in the Arctic, many oil and gas fields there may deliver small returns on investments. Scale economies brought about by coordinated development, joint infrastructure, and information sharing can tip projects from being commercially unviable to viable. But this depends on the ability and willingness of the two states to actively work together.
    Keywords: natural resources ; acrtic region ; natural resources ; acrtic region ; Arctic ; Barents Sea ; Gazprom ; Norway ; Petroleum ; Rosneft ; Russia ; Russians ; Ukraine ; bic Book Industry Communication::K Economics, finance, business & management::KN Industry & industrial studies::KNB Energy industries & utilities::KNBP Petroleum & oil industries
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mycorrhiza and root-associated fungi in Spitsbergen (1992)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 1 (1992), S. 93-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Arctic ; Mycorrhiza ; Endophytic fungi ; Dark-septate fungi
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Roots of 76 plant species collected in West Spitsbergen (Svalbard), in the middle-northern Arctic zone, were examined for mycorrhiza and root-associated fungi. Dryas octopetala, Pedicularis dasyantha and Salix polaris were ectomycorrhizal and Cassiope tetragona and Empetrum hermaphroditum ericoid mycorrhizal. Pedicularis dasyantha was only slightly infected. Structures resembling vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi were not found in the roots, and soil samples screened for VAM fungi contained only one spore. Root endophytic fungi commonly occurred in Spits-bergen, but only Olpidium brassicae, Pleospora herbarum, Papulaspora, Microdochium bolleyi and Rhizoctonia solani were identified with reasonable certainty. A sterile endophytic dark-septate fungus (DSF) was in 39.5% of the flowering-plant species examined, especially in the Brassicaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Saxifragaceae and Poaceae. DSF were categorized into four slightly overlapping groups. Sterile endophytic hyaline septate fungi were rare. In the literature it is suggested that at least some of the DSF species or the hyaline septate fungi are functionally mutualistic rather than saprophytic or pathogenic. The literature on ectomycorrhizal fungi and plants in Spitsbergen is reviewed, including about 50 species, mainly of the genera Cortinarius, Hebeloma, Inocybe, Laccaria, Lactarius and Russula. These are symbiotic with the above-mentioned ectomycorrhizal plants. Four further ectomycorrhizal plants (Betula nana, Salix spp.) are very rare in the area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00203256
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Paleolimnological significance of observed distribution patterns of chrysophyte cysts in arctic pond environments (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 13 (1995), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: chrysophytes ; cysts ; Stomatocysts ; diatoms ; periphyton ; Arctic ; Ellesmere Island ; Paleolimnology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In a survey of 35 high arctic ponds, chrysophycean cysts were relatively more common in moss periphyton and epilithon habitats, than in surface sediment samples. The highest percentages of cysts relative to diatoms were found in the semi-aquatic mosses. Although chrysophytes are generally considered to be planktonic, periphytic taxa may be common in high latitudes. The ratio of diatom frustules to chrysophyte cysts in arctic sediment cores may be tracking different environmental variables than paleolimnologists may intuitively expect based on observations from more temperate regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00678112
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stratification patterns in Taconite Inlet, Ellesmere Island, N.W.T. (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 16 (1996), S. 205-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: fjords ; stratification ; meromixis ; paleolimnology ; Arctic ; Ellesmere Island
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The middle arm of Taconite Inlet shows many features in common with high-Arctic fjords and coastal meromictic lakes. The surface mixed layer is fresh, and a relatively constant 5.5 m deep, indicating a layer of ice of approximately the same thickness blocks communication with the Arctic Ocean. Below the primary halocline to a depth of 85 m, at least partial communication with the Arctic Ocean exists as indicated by the oxygen, salinity and thermal structures. A sill is probably found between 40 and 85 m depth, reducing circulation below it and contributing to the oxycline. For a long but undetermined period prior to the separation of lakes C1, and C2 from the middle arm of Taconite Inlet, the surface water of the inlet was probably strongly brackish to marine suggesting that the entrance to Taconite Inlet was not blocked by an ice shelf at the time of separation. The deep water of these future lakes probably became isolated from the general estuarine circulation and began to develop some of their present limnological features prior to actual separation of the surface waters of the lakes from the inlet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176936
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The climatic signal in varved sediments from Lake C2, northern Ellesmere Island, Canada (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 16 (1996), S. 227-238 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: varves ; paleoclimate ; climate ; hydrology ; Arctic ; Ellesmere Island
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Annually-laminated clastic sediments preserve a high resolution proxy record of paleoclimate, provided that allochthonous sedimentation represents a response to meteorological forcing of watershed sediment transfer. Here, we demonstrate this linkage, and illustrate a calibration process using the most recent 40 years of a varve record from Lake C2 (82°50′ N; 78°00′ W), three years of field measurements, and meteorological data for 1951–92 from nearby AES weather station Alert. Field measurements were used to correlate proxies of the energy available for snowmelt (e.g. air temperature) and daily suspended sediment discharge (SSQ). Our calibration was extended through use of weather data from Alert. Both mean daily air temperature at Echo, and daily SSQ, were well correlated with air temperature at 600 m above Alert, as obtained from the 1200 Z (0800 LST) rawinsonde sounding. Accordingly, we used pooled 1990 and 1992 Alert 600 m data to predict the lagged daily sediment discharge into Lake C2 (adj. r 2=0.43). Daily values were summed each year in order to produce an annual series of predicted sediment transfer to the lake. The original varve chronology was based on eight sediment cores recovered from the deep basin of the lake (〉80 m). Although low-frequency fluctuations of the varve and predicted SSQ series agree, slight tuning of the varve record optimizes the correlation between them. Adjustments were based on examination of weather data for specific years, reexamination of sediment core thin sections, and by aligning fluctuations in the two series which closely matched. Although the original chronology is reasonably well correlated with 600 m temperatures at Alert (for JJA mean, r=0.41, significant at 0.01), the adjusted chronology is both better correlated and contains a more precise climate signal (r=0.54 for July mean, significant at 0.01). This is the first calibrated varve record produced from Arctic lake sediments, and demonstrates that varves from Lake C2 contain a paleoclimatic record. We believe the post-facto manipulations required to produce the adjusted varve chronology are reasonable given the uncertainties inherent in varve counting, and the lack of any independent corroborating chronostratigraphic markers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00176938
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Holocene environmental history of thermokarst lakes on Richards Island, Northwest Territories, Canada: Theocamoebians as paleolimnological indicators (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 23 (2000), S. 261-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: thecamoebians ; paleolimnology ; Holocene ; thermokarst lakes ; Arctic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Richards Island, Northwest Territories, Canada, is characterized by thermokarst lakes which record Holocene limnological change. This study is the first report of thecamoebian assemblages and continuous annual lake water temperatures from these Arctic lakes. Ecological environments on Richards Island are influenced by a climatic gradient resulting from the contrasting influences of the cold Beaufort Sea to the north and the warm waters of the Mackenzie Delta to the east and west. This climatic gradient in turn influences modern thecamoebian assemblages, and is an indication of the complexity involved in interpreting past conditions from core material in this area. Population abundance and species diversity of thecamoebian assemblages on Richards Island are not significantly different from those reported from temperate and semi-tropical latitudes. However, certain assemblage characteristics, such as large and coarse agglutinated tests, dominance of assemblages by one or two species and low morphological variation are interpreted to be diagnostic of Arctic conditions. Thecamoebian assemblages in core material from the area indicate that the local paleolimnological conditions may have changed within the last 3 ka, and this is unrecorded in previously reported pollen data. Paleoenvironmental interpretations in a permafrost landscape have to take into account morphological instability of thermokarst lakes, which can be the cause of paleolimnological and consequently faunal change. In this area ecosystem development is clearly related to geomorphology and local climatic effects and is not exclusively controlled by regional climate change.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008184522637
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Holocene lake sediment records of Arctic hydrology (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 24 (2000), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Arctic ; Holocene ; paleohydrology ; paleolimnology ; climate change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Although paleoclimatic research in the Arctic has most often focused on variations in temperature, the Arctic has also experienced changes in hydrologic balance. Changes in Arctic precipitation and evaporation rates affects soils, permafrost, lakes, wetlands, rivers, ice and vegetation. Changes in Arctic soils, permafrost, runoff, and vegetation can influence global climate by changing atmospheric methane and carbon dioxide concentrations, thermohaline circulation, and high latitude albedo. Documenting past variations in Arctic hydrological conditions is important for understanding Arctic climate and the potential response and role of the Arctic in regards to future climate change. Methods for reconstructing past changes in Arctic hydrology from the stratigraphic, isotopic, geochemical and fossil records of lake sediments are being developed, refined and applied in a number of regions. These records suggest that hydrological variations in the Arctic have been regionally asynchronous, reflecting the impacts of different forcing factors including orbitally controlled insolation changes, changes in geography related to coastal emergence, ocean currents, sea ice extent, and atmospheric circulation. Despite considerable progress, much work remains to be done on the development of paleohydrological proxies and their application to the Arctic.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008100714795
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    GCM-simulated hydrology in the Arctic duringn the past 21,000 years (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 24 (2000), S. 15-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: Last Glacial Maximum ; Arctic ; paleoclimatology ; Holocene ; climate modeling ; hydrology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Paleoclimates from Arctic Lakes and Estuaries (PALE) project has chosen to conduct high resolution data-model comparisons for the Arctic region at 21 and 10 (calendar) ka BP. The model simulations for 21, 10, and 0 ka BP were conducted with the GENESIS 2.0 GCM. The 10 ka BP simulation was coupled to the EVE vegetation model. The primary boundary conditions differing from present at 21 ka BP were the northern hemisphere ice sheets and lower CO2, and at 10 ka BP were the orbital insolation and smaller northern hemisphere ice sheets. The purpose of this article is to discuss the hydrological consequences of these simulations. At the Last Glacial Maximum (21 ka BP) the large ice sheets over North America and Eurasia and the lower CO2 levels produced a colder climate than present, with less precipitation throughout the Arctic, except where circulation was altered by the ice sheets. At 10 ka BP greater summer insolation resulted in a warmer and wetter Beringia, but conditions remained cold and dry in the north Atlantic sector, in the vicinity of the remnant ice sheets. Less winter insolation at 10 ka BP resulted in colder and drier conditions throughout the Arctic. Precipitation - evaporation generally correlated with precipitation except where changes in the surface type (ice sheets, vegetation at 10 ka BP, or sea level at 21 ka BP) caused large changes in the evaporation rate. The primary hydrological differences (from present) at 21 and 10 ka BP correlated with the temperature differences, which were a direct result of the large-scale boundary condition changes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008161631633
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Geological Survey of Canada's Integrated Research and Monitoring Area (IRMA) projects: a contribution to Canadian global change research (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of paleolimnology 9 (1993), S. 77-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0417
    Keywords: environmental change ; climatic change ; monitoring ; Arctic ; prairies ; Canada
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Global Change Program of the Geological Survey of Canada has chosen three regions as Integrated Research and Monitoring Areas (IRMAs). These are: i) the Palliser IRMA, encompassing the dry prairie region of southern Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba; ii) the Mackenzie IRMA, including the Mackenzie Valley corridor and Beaufort Sea coast; and iii) the High Arctic, where collaborative studies centred on north-central Ellesmere Island have been conducted since 1989. The primary objective in each area is to determine relationships between geomorphic processes and climate in order to help predict the potential geologic impact of global change. Establishment of a detailed paleoclimatic record for each region is essential to provide a context for ongoing climate change. Paleolimnological studies in concert with other proxy methodologies are directed at outlining Holocene climatic variability and are a primary research component in each region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00680038
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