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  • Elsevier  (5,804,775)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (241,959)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd  (182,058)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A measurement of τ polarization in Z^0 decays (1992-8977)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 294 (1992), S. 466-478 
    Details
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0370-2693(92)91549-O
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement of the average lifetime of b hadrons (1993-4325)
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Physics Letters B 317 (1993), S. 474-484 
    Details
    ISSN: 0370-2693
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0370-2693(93)91027-K
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
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    The Mekong River Basin : Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast (2024)
    Elsevier
    In:  Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: The Mekong River Basin: Ecohydrological Complexity from Catchment to Coast, Volume Three presents real facts, data and predictions for quantifying human-induced changes throughout the Mekong watershed, including its estuaries and coasts, and proposes solutions to decrease or mitigate the negative effect and enable sustainable development. This is the first work to link socio–ecological interaction study over the whole Mekong River basin through the lens of ecohydrology. Each chapter is written by a leading expert, with coverage on climate change, groundwater, land use, flooding drought, biodiversity and anthropological issues. Human activities are enormous in the whole watershed and are still increasing throughout the catchment, with severe negative impacts on natural resources are emerging. Among these activities, hydropower dams, especially a series of 11 dams in China, are the most critical as they generate massive changes throughout the system, including in the delta and to the livelihoods of millions of people and they threaten sustainability.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
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  • 4
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    Accuracy of hmF2 estimations, including IRI-2020 options and ionograms validated parameters, compared to ISR measurements at Millstone Hill (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Several empirical formulations used over time to estimate the fundamental ionospheric parameter hmF2 have been compared in this study. These are the first formulation proposed by Shimazaki (1955) (SHI-1955) as a function of the propagation parameter M(3000)F2, the more accurate BSE-1979 formula proposed by Bilitza et al. (1979) and firstly adopted by the International Reference Ionosphere (IRI) model, and the newest Altadill-Magdaleno-Torta-Blanch (AMTB-2013) (Altadill et al., 2013) and SHU-2015 (Shubin, 2015) models, obtained with a different approach with no explicit dependence on any ionospheric parameter and added as alternative options in the IRI-2016. The evaluation of the accuracy of the available formulation is performed by comparing the modeled values of hmF2 with those simultaneously obtained with independent measurements from the Incoherent Scatter Radar (ISR) installed at the Millstone Hill ionospheric station. The database considered consists of 3626 measurements, thus allowing the evaluation of the results for different heliogeophysical conditions. SHI-1955 and BSE-1979 formulations are evaluated also using input data manually scaled from ionograms recorded at the same location, with the aim of evaluating their accuracy when updated with validated data rather than modeled ones. The SHU-2015 is confirmed the best option in any condition, while AMTB-2013 turns out to perform poorly during night, when SHI-1955 and BSE-1979 fed by validated data can be used for trend analyses due to the high correlation with ISR data. Despite this, BSE-1979 performs better with modeled parameters as input, in terms of RMSE and mean deviation from ISR data. The use of SHI-1955 with CCIR-modeled M(3000)F2 is discouraged under daytime conditions even for long trend analyses.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3202-3211
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: hmF2 ; IRI-2020 ; ISR ; Ionosonde ; 01.02. Ionosphere ; 05.07. Space and Planetary sciences
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 5
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    Temperature compensation in high accuracy accelerometers using multi-sensor and machine learning methods (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: Experimental data are publicly available here: https://data.mendeley.com/datasets/f78bmhr628/1
    Description: Temperature is a major source of inaccuracy in high-sensitivity accelerometers and gravimeters. Active thermal control systems require power and may not be ideal in some contexts such as airborne or spaceborne applications. We propose a solution that relies on multiple thermometers placed within the accelerometer to measure temperature and thermal gradient variations. Machine Learning algorithms are used to relate the temperatures to their effect on the accelerometer readings. However, obtaining labeled data for training these algorithms can be difficult. Therefore, we also developed a training platform capable of replicating temperature variations in a laboratory setting. Our experiments revealed that thermal gradients had a significant effect on accelerometer readings, emphasizing the importance of multiple thermometers. The proposed method was experimentally tested and revealed a great potential to be extended to other sources of inaccuracy, such as rotations, as well as to other types of measuring systems, such as magnetometers or gyroscopes.
    Description: This work was funded by “Regione Lazio” (Italy) with European Regional Development Fund (Italy, Lazio) through the call “Gruppi di Ricerca 2020 (POR FESR LAZIO 2014 – 2020), project number: A0375-2020-36674
    Description: Published
    Description: 114090
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: gravimeter ; gravimetry ; 05.04. Instrumentation and techniques of general interest ; 04.02. Exploration geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    Regulation of deep carbon degassing by gas-rock-water interactions in a seismic region of Southern Italy (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This study is focused on fluids characterization and circulations through the crust of the Irpinia region, an active seismic zone in Southern Italy, that has experienced several high-magnitude earthquakes, including a catastrophic one in 1980 (M = 6.9 Ms). Using isotopic geochemistry and the carbon‑helium system in free and dissolved volatiles in water, this study aims to explore the processes at depth that can alter pristine chemistry of these natural fluids. Gas-rock-water interactions and their impact on CO2 emissions and isotopic composition are evaluated using a multidisciplinary model that integrates geochemistry and regional geological data. By analyzing the He isotopic signature in the natural fluids, the release of mantle-derived He on a regional scale in Southern Italy is verified, along with significant emissions of deep-sourced CO2. The proposed model, supported by geological and geophysical constraints, is based on the interactions between gas, rock, and water within the crust and the degassing of deep-sourced CO2. Furthermore, this study reveals that the Total Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (TDIC) in cold waters results from mixing between a shallow and a deeper carbon endmember that is equilibrated with carbonate lithology. In addition, the geochemical signature of TDIC in thermal carbon-rich water is explained by supplementary secondary processes, including equilibrium fractionation between solid, gas, and aqueous phases, as well as sinks such as mineral precipitation and CO2 degassing. These findings have important implications for developing effective monitoring strategies for crustal fluids in different geological contexts and highlight the critical need to understand gas-water-rock interaction processes that control fluid chemistry at depths that can affect the assessment of the CO2 flux in atmosphere. Finally, this study highlights that the emissions of natural CO2 from the seismically active Irpinia area are up to 4.08·10+9 mol·y-1, which amounts is in the range of worldwide volcanic systems.
    Description: Published
    Description: 165367
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: CO(2) output; Carbon isotopes; Degassing; Earthquakes; Noble gases; Precipitation ; 04.04 Solid Earth ; 01.01. Atmosphere ; 03.01. General ; 03.02. Hydrology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 7
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    Satellite-based electron density background definition at mid-latitudes and comparison with IRI-2016 model under different solar conditions (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: A new method to define a background for the ionospheric electron density (Ne) is proposed, making use of mid-latitude measurements under different solar conditions from the Langmuir Probes onboard CHAMP and three identical Swarm satellites. In particular, CHAMP measurements during the years 2004 and 2009, and Swarm observations during 2016 and 2017 have been considered in the 15°-wide latitudinal belt from 35°N to 50°N, and from 0° to 360° in longitude. CHAMP/Swarm in-situ Ne measurements have been then used to check and compare this new defined background with the one computed directly from IRI-2016 Ne output at satellite altitude. The distributions of the relative deviations between the two backgrounds, and of positive and negative anomalies (i.e., Ne variations from each background greater than 30%) with respect to the geomagnetic activity levels have been evaluated under each investigated condition, namely year/satellite, season, night-time or noon hours. Results of this comparison highlight a general overestimation of Ne from IRI during noon hours, while a better agreement between the two backgrounds is found during night-time. However, an underestimation of IRI with respect to Swarm-derived background is found for 2017 data. Finally, the analysis of 2004 plasma data suggests that the IRI-2016 model can be used as a background during periods characterized by high levels of geomagnetic activity. Due to the difficulties to construct a background for satellite data, the proposed method can be considered an useful tool for analyses of electron density variations at the heights of the satellites in Low Earth Orbits (LEO).
    Description: Published
    Description: 1183-1195
    Description: OSA3: Climatologia e meteorologia spaziale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    High-resolution geophysical investigations in the central Apennines seismic belt (Italy): Results from the Campo Felice tectonic basin (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: The Campo Felice basin, in the central Apennines seismic belt (Italy), developed in the hangingwall of a 30 km-long system of NW-trending normal faults with Holocene paleoseismic activity and potential sources of M 6–7 earthquakes. We provide the first subsurface images of a key portion of the basin bounded by the Mt. Cefalone fault along two intersecting profiles trending NNE-SSW (CF-Dip, 1195 m-long) and WNW-ESE (CF-Strike, 1315-m long). We combined high-resolution depth-migrated reflection sections with P-wave velocity and electrical resistivity tomography models. CF-Dip profile displays a wedge-like syn-tectonic sedimentary sequence of alluvial and glacial deposits with Vp ∼ 2500–3000 m/s and resistivity 〉 500 Ωm in the hangingwall of Mt. Cefalone fault, overlying a high-Vp (〉4000 m/s) limestone bedrock ∼ 300 m deep. The whole sequence displays reflectors truncated by the Mt. Cefalone fault zone and subsidiary antithetic faults. CF-Strike profile, tied to three 80–110 m-deep boreholes, shows a thick fluvio-lacustrine sequence with low-Vp (〈2000 m/s) and low resistivity (〈100 Ωm), and a bedrock that deepens to the southeast (〉450 m). Single-station ambient noise measurements display Horizontal to Vertical Spectral Ratios with peaks at ∼1 Hz, decreasing to ∼0.8 Hz to the southeast in agreement with the bedrock deepening indicated by seismic profiling. According to our results, the Campo Felice basin is a deep asymmetric half-graben controlled by faulting whose activity likely started before the Middle Pleistocene. Our minimum displacement estimate accrued in the past 0.5 Ma by the Mt. Cefalone fault is in the range of ∼100–250 m.
    Description: Published
    Description: 230170
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    A novel algorithm for seismic events multiplets search (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: A common practice of seismology is to analyze earthquake occurrence in terms of events catalogues, with the aim to either find useful correlations between internal mechanisms under study and their outcome in the spatial/temporal series of the events or, more directly, to assess some statistical rules from observations. With this approach, catalogues are often searched for some recognizable patterns or behaviors: in this work we present a software tool created to reveal a particular kind of events sequences. The idea follows from the concept of multiplets, a well known events pattern often found in seismic series. A multiplet is defined as a sequence of events, all near in space and time and exhibiting similar magnitudes. The amount of multiplets in seismic series is related, as it is for other clustering mechanisms, to underlying correlations in the physics of the events. The software, built from scratch, scans seismic catalogues in search of events clustered as “multiplets”: this is done through the thorough application of comparison tests whose parameters thresholds are both user defined and semi-automated. The tool is however more “general” in the sense that by varying values of the filtering parameters it can reveal other kind of patterns too. While we think that this tool can be thought as a general purpose space–time series analyzer, we have found it particularly useful when applied to the results of a seismic simulator with the purpose of assessing their adherence with the observed seismicity. It can be used as a sort of metric to quantify the simulation predictions effectiveness in terms of presence of similar multiplets distributions in simulated vs. real catalogues. The software has been entirely developed in the Wolfram Language (Mathematica), a commercial powerful environment for scientific calculus and results report, but the main computational routine has been also ported to python for open-source, copyleft usage.
    Description: Published
    Description: 105496
    Description: OST5 Verso un nuovo Monitoraggio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seismic multiple events ; 05.01. Computational geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Active fault detection and characterization by ultrashallow seismic imaging: A case study from the 2016 Mw 6.5 central Italy earthquake (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-09
    Description: We present the first high-resolution ultrashallow seismic image of a normal fault segment that ruptured the surface during the Mw 6.5 2016 Norcia earthquake (central Italy). This is the only fault, in the entire activated 25 km-long system, cutting a thick succession of Quaternary deposits, with an associated 3-m-high cumulative scarp. A 190-m-long profile crossing the fault was acquired and analyzed combining reflection seismic, non-linear multiscale refraction P-wave tomography and multi-channel analysis of surface waves. The joint interpretation of the seismic reflection, P- and S-wave velocity images unravels a 100-m-thick sequence of sandy-gravel alluvial fans, disrupted by a main normal fault zone, named as Valle delle Fonti fault (Vf1), which branches upward into three splays. The eastern splay of Vf1 matches with the 2016 coseismic surface rupture. Near-surface truncated reflections and growth strata in the hanging wall of the western and intermediate splays attest to their activity in Late Pleistocene-Holocene times. We also detect an additional normal fault in the footwall of Vf1, probably inactive since the Late Pleistocene. Comparing the seismic images with the Poisson's coefficient model and with the results of a previous electrical resistivity tomography, we constrain the lithology and the hydraulic behavior of the uppermost 50 m of the fault. A steep, W-dipping zone with high-Vp, very high Poisson's coefficient and low resistivity correlates with the eastern splay of Valle delle Fonti fault and unravels a water-saturated region. These results suggest that the fault zone may act as a partial barrier for horizontal fluid flow. Our findings indicate that the active fault zone detected by seismic imaging is much wider than what previously estimated from surface geological analyses. In terms of surface faulting hazard, this study confirms the effectiveness of high-resolution seismic surveys in defining the geometry and physical properties of active fault zones.
    Description: Published
    Description: 229733
    Description: OST3 Vicino alla faglia
    Description: OSA1: Variazioni del campo magnetico terrestre, imaging crostale e sicurezza del territorio
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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