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  • 1
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 2. Effects of drifting on development and survival of eggs of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5096 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:24:47 | 5096 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: At high stream discharges salmonid eggs can he displaced from the gravel and may drift downstream. It has been suggested that developing salmonid eggs may be killed by ”physical shock”, especially during the period before ”eyeing”. Similarly, a progress report by the International Pacific Salmon Fisheries Commission (1966) states that salmonid eggs are most sensitive during the period between fertilisation and blastopore closure. However, it would seem unlikely that this sensitivity actually begins at the time of fertilisation because, in nature, a period, perhaps measured in hours, must occur during which the newly-fertilised eggs are exposed to physical shock during the deposition of gravel over them as a result of the cutting activity of the female fish. The present report describes simple channel experiments designed to answer the two questions: 1. After release of eggs from the gravel, does the process of drifting downstream, which implies some physical shock through movement and impact, decrease the survival of salmonid eggs? 2. Is the survival rate-influenced by the stage of development of the eggs?
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Life cycle ; Channels ; Experimental research ; Fish eggs ; England ; Grassholme
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 33
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  • 2
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 3. Observations on the settlement of artifical eggs in a section of natural stream channel at several different discharges (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5097 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:24:43 | 5097 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: It is of value to know the approximate distance of travel at different stream discharges and/or water velocities, of salmonid eggs which have been displaced from redds by spates. This report describes studies in 20 m of stream channel upstream of the fish trap in Dubby Sike. Observations were made on the relation- ships between discharge and water depth and velocity and also on the relationships between water velocity and the settlement of artificial trout eggs. The main aim was to test the hypothesis that, at any given water velocity, eggs would drift smaller distances in a natural stream than in the experimental channels.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Channels ; Experimental research ; Fish eggs ; England ; Grassholme
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 31
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  • 3
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    Progress on the salmon investigation (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5110 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:23:55 | 5110 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An article detailing some of the conclusions of the salmon investigation undertaken by the author, on the River Eden and its tributaries, for the previous few years. It is proposed that seasonal changes in young salmon growth are related to water temperature variation. A figure is included showing length of fish compared to the average temperature of water in the River Eden over a two year duration. The article describes comparative work undertaken to date between three streams within the Thurso watershed and the River Eden. A table is included showing the average size of fish in each of the watercourses compared. Laboratory experiments on the effects of temperature on young salmon are outlined, as well as investigative work undertaken into the realtionship between fish scales and fish length.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Water temperature ; Freshwater fish ; Length ; Scales ; Seasonal variations ; Feeding ; Temperature effects ; Annual reports ; Salmo salar ; England ; Scotland
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 51-55
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  • 4
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 5. Attempts to assess the importance of washout as a cause of mortailty (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5215 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:31 | 5215 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The paper reviews the methodology of attempts to assess the importance of washout as a cause of loss of salmonid eggs and alevins. The results of this study are presented of various small-scale field trials using buried artificial salmonid eggs and tethered table tennis balls. The results suggested that, even when few eggs were actually lost by washout, some downstream movement of the upper layers of gravel and of artificial eggs might have taken place.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Fish eggs ; Spawning ; Gravel ; Freshwater fish ; Biological drift ; Redds ; Induced breeding ; England ; Great Eggleshope Beck
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 30
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  • 5
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 6. Information on gravel composition , redd sites, the dimensions of redds and the depth of egg burial (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5214 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:29 | 5214 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Sampling was concentrated on the North Moor region and the series of ditches which drained this area to the Bristol Channel. Although most ditches were not deep the mud substratum precluded sampling from within the habitat. All samples were taken with a pond net from the banks. Efforts were made to sample each part of the habitat although in some ditches the macrophyte growth was so intense as to make sampling difficult particularly of the sediments. Organisms were identified on the 10 sampling sites.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Redds ; Spawning grounds ; Rivers ; Fish eggs ; Spawning ; Gravel ; Freshwater fish ; England
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 36
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  • 6
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    The effects of environmental stress on the physiology of growth in rainbow trout, Salmo gairderi Richardson (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5211 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:56 | 5211 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: There is little doubt that both mammalian and teleost growth hormones can accelerate growth and increase food conversion efficiency in all commonly-reared species of salmonid fish. In those vertebrates that have been closely studied (predominantly mammals), the pituitary hormone somatotropin (GH or growth hormone) is a prime determinant of somatic growth. The hormone stimulates protein biosynthesis and tissue growth, enhances lipid utilization and lipid release from the adipose tissues (a protein-sparing effect) and suppresses the peripheral utilization of glucose. The present study is a prerequisite for future work on growth hormone physiology in salmonids and should contribute to our understanding of the mechanisms of growth suppression in stressed fish. Plasma growth hormone (GH) levels were measured in rainbow trout using a radioimmunoassay developed against chinook salmon growth hormone.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Salmon fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Hormones ; Blood ; Growth ; England ; Oncorhynchus mykiss
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 47
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  • 7
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    Effects of flow regime on the young stages of salmonid fishes. Summary and conclusions based on results for 1981-1985 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5217 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:13 | 5217 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The main British salmonid species spawn in clean gravel in streams and rivers, many of them in the upland areas of Britain. The earliest stages of the life cycle (eggs and alevins) spend some months within the gravel of the river bed. During this period their survival rate can be strongly influenced by flow regime and by related phenomena such as movement of coarse river bed material, changes in water level and the deposition of silt. In recent years human influence upon the flow regimes of upland water courses and upon the sediment inputs to them has increased. In order to conserve and, if possible, enhance the populations of salmonid fishes a deeper understanding of the interrelationships between survival of young salmonids and flow-related phenomena is needed. The acquisition of appropriate information is the main aim of the present project, which included: Studies on silt movement and the infilling of gravel voids by fine sediments, together with initial studies on the relationship between intragravel oxygen supply rate and the survival of intragravel stages of salmonids; studies in the general field of egg washout. The latter investigated the physical background to gravel bed disruption, the examination of the physical characteristics of sites chosen for redds, dimensions of redds and burial depth of eggs relative to the size of the fish constructing the redd and a series of smaller studies on other aspects of egg washout.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Fish eggs ; Freshwater fish ; Experimental data ; Silting ; Gravel ; Survival ; England ; Grassholme Reservoir
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 32
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  • 8
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 4. Effects of a standard mechanical shock, applied at different stage of development, upon survival and development of eggs of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5216 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:14:33 | 5216 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: It is generally accepted by fish culturists that salmonid eggs are sensitive to mechanical shock and that the sensitivity varies with the stage of development of the eggs. In general, the period of greatest sensitivity is thought to occur between fertilization and ”eyeing”. However, it is reasonable to expect that, during a period (perhaps of several hours) following fertilization, sensitivity will be low because in nature during this period the eggs may be subject to some mechanical shock caused by the parent fish covering them with gravel. In 1983-4 and 1984-5 experiments were performed on brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) eggs to examine the effect of a standard mechanical shock (c. 2,500 eggs in 1983-4 and c. 8,400 eggs in 1984-5) at various stages of development upon survival to hatching and time of hatching.The results of these experiments are reported in this study.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Fish eggs ; Spawning ; Freshwater fish ; Experimental data ; Survival ; Mechanical stimuli ; England ; Cow Green Reservoir
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 23
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  • 9
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    Oxygen flux through salmonid spawning gravels (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5220 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:05 | 5220 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Laboratory and field studies have shown that the survival of salmonid fish eggs and alevins is dependent upon the supply rate or flux of dissolved oxygen through gravel beds used for spawning. Although there have been a number of studies concerned with North American species there are few data for Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and the brown trout (S. trutta). For this study intragravel seepage velocities and dissolved oxygen concentrations have been measured throughout the incubation period in spawning gravels utilized by brown trout (Salmo trutta). Variation in the hatching success of batches of trout and salmon (Salmo salar) can, in part, be attributed to a critical threshold of oxygen flux through the gravels.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Gravel ; River beds ; Rivers ; Dissolved oxygen ; Survival ; Fish eggs ; England ; Black Brows Beck
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 34
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  • 10
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    Discharge and turbidity of the regulated River Tees. Variance spectrum analysis (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5219 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:03 | 5219 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: High suspended sediment loads may be deleterious to adult salmonids and invertebrates in gravel-bedded streams. Further, the accumulation of fine material in the interstices of the gravel may have an adverse impact on the recruitment of the young stages of salmonids. It is important therefore not only to quantify the rates and degrees of silting but also to identify sediment sources and to determine both, the frequency of sediment inputs to the system and the duration of high sediment concentrations. This report explores the application of variance spectrum analysis to the isolation of sediment periodicities. For the particular river chosen for examination the method demonstrated the essentially undisturbed nature of the catchment. The regulated river chosen for examination is the River Tees in Northern England. Variance spectrum analysis was applied to a series of over 4000 paired daily turbidity and discharge readings.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Resuspended sediments ; River beds ; River discharge ; Rivers ; Variance analysis ; Turbidity ; England ; Tees River
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 20
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  • 11
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    Experiments on downstream movement of recently emerged trout and salmon parr in Grassholme channels, 1983-1985 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5218 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:02 | 5218 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A number of authors have described the manner in which young salmonids, soon after emergence from the gravel, set up and defend territories. This leads to mortality or downstream displacement of the individuals which are unable to acquire territories and is widely accepted as the main method of population regulation amongst young salmonids. In some field experiments the fish were constrained in screened reaches and the option of downstream dispersal for the surplus fry was thus excluded. In order to explore some aspects of downstream dispersal more closely under conditions which gave more control than is obtained in a natural stream, four experimental channels were set up at Grassholme reservoir in Teesdale. The report describes the results of investigations on the timing and rate of downstream movement of young brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.) out of experimental channels, with special reference to the effect of water velocity on the rate of ”emigration”.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Experimental data ; Survival ; Juveniles ; Territoriality ; Catadromous migrations ; Current velocity ; England ; Grassholme Reservoir
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 37
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  • 12
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    Africa: the FBA connection (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5246 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:08:18 | 5246 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Since its inception in the 1930's the Freshwater Biological Association at Windermere, England has been involved in research on African lakes and rivers. Research has included general and multidisciplinary surveys of many lakes including Lake Victoria, Lake Tanganyika, Lake Nyasa (Lake Malawi) and Lake George. The hydrobiology of the River Nile has also been studied. Research into physical and chemical limnology, phytoplankton ecology and primary productivity, invertebrate biology, freshwater fish and fisheries.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Algae ; Chemical limnology ; Fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Freshwater lakes ; Hydrobiology ; Invertebrate zoology ; Parasitology ; Physical limnology ; Phytoplankton ; Primary production ; Research programs ; Rivers ; Tropical lakes ; Cichlidae ; Crustacea ; Invertebrata ; Mollusca ; Pisces ; Africa ; River Nile ; Lake Victoria ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 57-82
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  • 13
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    Biological and climatic influences on the dace Leuciscus leuciscus in a southern chalk-stream (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5247 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:08:19 | 5247 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The dace, Leuciscus leuciscus (L.) is an important cyprinid in terms of population biomass in chalk streams of southern England. Dace recruitment has been shown to vary widely from year to year and it is thought that this variation is largely as a result of the influence of abiotic factors, chiefly water temperature. From 1968 to 1981 there was a thirteen-fold difference in the year class structure index between the minimum index (0.25 in 1972) and the maximum (3.21 in 1976). The problems of such variation, especially those that could ensue from a succession of poor year-classes, are offset by the spread of reproductive effort by each female over several years.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Fisheries ; Abiotic factors ; Age composition ; Annual variations ; Climate ; Fecundity ; Fish eggs ; Fish larvae ; Freshwater fish ; Life history ; Mortality ; Population dynamics ; Predation ; Recruitment ; Sexual reproduction ; Survivial ; Water temperature ; Cyprinidae ; Leuciscus leuciscus ; England ; Dorset ; Chalk streams ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
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    Format: 83-96
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  • 14
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    Habitat segregation in fish assemblages (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5249 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:08:57 | 5249 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The segregation of habitats of fish assemblages found in the chalk streams and rivers within the Wessex, South West and Southern Water Authority boundaries in southern England have been examined. Habitat segregation is the most frequent type of resource partitioning in natural communities. The habitat of individual fish species will be defined in order to determine the following: (1) the requirements of each species in terms of depth, current velocity, substrate, cover etc.; (2) identify the essential habitat variables in the segregation of species; (3) whether species in an assemblage demonstrate resource partitioning with reference to habitat, and (4) the mechanisms behind such resource partitioning.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Freshwater fish ; Research proposals ; Rivers ; Species diversity ; England ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 88-90
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  • 15
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    Bassenthwaite Lake: a general assessment of environmental and biological features and their susceptibility to change (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5254 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:03 | 5254 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Bassenthwaite (Lake) is one of the larger Cumbrian lakes, certainly one of the most distinctive, and of considerable conservation and amenity value. Although its shores lack sizeable settlements, its main inflow receives sewage effluent from a major tourist centre (Keswick) and is subject to episodic floods. These influences, the growing development of leisure activities at the lake (e.g. sailing, time-share units), and recent road-construction, have led to past appraisals of ecological impacts and lake management. The lake has not been the subject of intense and long-term ecological study, but much scattered information exists that is relevant to future management decisions. In the present Report, commissioned by North West Water, such information - published and unpublished - is surveyed. Especial attention is given to evidence bearing on susceptibility to change, affecting the lake environment and its biota or species of conservation interest. Extensive use has been made of the results of a recent (1986-7) seasonal survey by the FBA.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater ecology ; Limnology ; Hydrology ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Freshwater fish ; Benthos ; England ; Bassenthwaite Lake
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 93
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  • 16
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    A general assessment of environmental and biological features of Windermere and their susceptibility to change (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5255 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:09:19 | 5255 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Bassenthwaite (Lake) is one of the larger Cumbrian lakes, certainly one of the most distinctive, and of considerable conservation and amenity value. Although its shores lack sizeable settlements, its main inflow receives sewage effluent from a major tourist centre (Keswick) and is subject to episodic floods. These influences, the growing development of leisure activities at the lake (e.g. sailing, time-share units), and recent road-construction, have led to past appraisals of ecological impacts and lake management. The lake has not been the subject of intense and long-term ecological study, but much scattered information exists that is relevant to future management decisions. In the present Report, commissioned by North West Water, such information - published and unpublished - is surveyed. Especial attention is given to evidence bearing on susceptibility to change, affecting the lake environment and its biota or species of conservation interest. Extensive use has been made of the results of a recent (1986-7) seasonal survey by the FBA.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Freshwater ecology ; Limnology ; Hydrology ; Phytoplankton ; Zooplankton ; Freshwater fish ; Sediments ; England ; Windermere Lake
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 150
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  • 17
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    The production of freshwater fish for food (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5345 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:02:58 | 5345 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: It has been estimated that in England and Wales fresh water covers some 340 square miles of which about one quarter is inhabited mainly by salmon and trout; in Scotland the lakes cover an area of 340 square miles. The principal object of this publication is to make available in handy form some of the methods, especially those involving the use of manures, by which crops of fish from water can be increased. The cultivation of water which this implies may be compared directly to the cultivation of farm land: the conditions for growth are made as favourable as possible, the seed is sown in the form of young fish, and after one or perhaps two growing seasons the crop is harvested. There are however many waters about the country where marketable fish are already available and can be removed without prejudice to, and indeed to the advantage of, sporting fisheries. In such cases it is necessary only to remove the fish and to rely on the natural processes of reproduction of those which are left to repopulate the water. Farming waters in the true sense is the concern of the greater part of this publication; the removal of crops of otherwise unwanted fish is considered in the last two sections on perch trapping and eel fisheries.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Fish culture ; Fish ; Freshwater aquaculture ; Pond construction ; Fish ponds ; Food consumption ; Food fish ; UK
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 315-322
    Format: 36
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  • 18
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    On statistical treatment of the results of parallel trails with special reference to fishery research (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5346 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:03:10 | 5346 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-10
    Description: Parallel trials form a most important part of the technique of scientific experimentation. Such trials may be divided into two; categories. In the first the results are comparable measurements of one kind or another. In the second the data consist of records of the number of times a certain 'event' has occurred in the two sets of trials compared. Only trials of the second category are dealt with here. In this paper all the reliable methods of testing for significance the results of parallel trials of a certain type with special reference to fishery research are described fully. Some sections relate to exact, others to approximate tests. The only advantage in the use of the latter lies in the fact that they are often the more expeditious. Apart from this it is always preferable to use exact methods.
    Keywords: Biology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Methodology ; Mathematical analysis ; Inland fisheries ; Equations ; Statistical analysis
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 55
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  • 19
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    Ecological study of chalk streams. Lambourn project. Interim report October 1977 to April 1979 (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5081 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:31:03 | 5081 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Few detailed studies have been made on the ecology of the chalk streams. A complex community of plants and animals is present and much more information is required to achieve an understanding of the requirements and interactions of all the species. It is important that the rivers affected by this scheme should be studied and kept under continued observation so that any effects produced by the scheme can be detected. The report gives a synopsis of work carried out between 1971 and 1979 focusing on the present phase 1978-1979. It assumes some familiarity with the investigations carried out on the River Lambourn during the preceding years. The aims of the present phase of the project may be divided into two broad aspects. The first involves collecting further information in the field and includes three objectives: a continuation of studies on the Lambourn sites at Bagnor; comparative studies on other chalk streams; and a comparative study on a limestone stream. The second involves detailed analyses of data previously collected to document the recovery of the Lambourn from operational pumping and to attempt to develop simple conceptual and predictive models applicable over a wide range of physical and geographical variables. (PDF contains 43 pages)
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Chalk ; Limnological surveys ; Freshwater ecology ; Invertebrate larvae ; Macrophytes ; Freshwater fish ; Rivers ; England ; Lambourn River
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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  • 20
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    The temperatures of four Pennine streams (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5082 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:26:18 | 5082 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Four streams in Teesdale (UK) were studied over a period of two years. The biological implications were studied by using the stream temperatures to predict both the times of brown trout eggs to hatching. Intragravel and stream water temperatures were compared for a spawning riffle in Great Eggleshope Beck. The effect of vegetation shading on water temperature was studied at Thorsgill Beck, which runs through deciduous woodland. An analysis was made of the time of day at which the maximum and minimum temperatures occurred in Carl Beck. Methods of calculating mean daily temperatures were examined. Estimations using the mid-point of the maximum/minimum range were usually higher than those from hourly temperature readings. (PDF contains 34 pages)
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Limnological surveys ; Freshwater ecology ; Freshwater fish ; Rivers ; Temperature data ; Temperature measurement ; Spawning ; Hatching ; Shading ; Salmo trutta
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
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    Some observations on washout of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) eggs in Teesdale streams (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5089 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:25:29 | 5089 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Teesdale lay their eggs in the streambed gravels in the Autumn, here the eggs slowly develop to emerge as young fry in the Spring. Whilst the eggs are in the gravel they are vulnerable to displacement by high water velocities. Eggs removed in this way are not thought to remain viable since they are very susceptible to death through physical shock - especially in the earlier stages of development. Streams in Teesdale are known to be amongst the most flashy in England and thus are good sites in which to study egg washout. Three field sites were used for the study of egg washout in Teesdale - Great Eggleshope, Thorsgill and Carl becks. This report describes preliminary studies of a varied nature into this subject from which an attempt is made to assess the importance of egg washout to the survival of brown trout in Teesdale.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Fish eggs ; Survival ; Fry ; Population density ; Spawning ; England ; Teesdale
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 20
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    Survival of intragravel stages of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Teesdale (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5088 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:26:16 | 5088 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: A study has been undertaken on several streams in Teesdale (UK)in order to examine survival rates of intragravel stages of brown trout and the factors influencing survival. Although all the becks contained brown trout spawning areas, some were utilised by more spawning trout than others. The best spawning sites as judged by this criterion were Thorsgill and Great Eggleshope becks where the research effort was therefore concentrated. There were two different spawning areas in Eggleshope, namely Great Eggleshope beck itself and Great Eggleshope spring fed tributary (Esft), data from these two areas are analysed separately in most parts of the text.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Survival ; Fish eggs ; England ; Teesdale
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 37
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    Comparison of observed and predicted dates of eyeing, hatching and swim-up for brown trout and Atlantic salmon (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5090 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:25:31 | 5090 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Scholars recently derived simple models from published data for the prediction from water temperature of hatching times for the eggs of brown trout (Salmo trutta L.) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). A similar model to predict eyeing time for salmon eggs was obtained and used in this study, largely by analogy, to develop equations which might be used to obtain very approximate estimates of eyeing and swim-up times for salmon and brown trout. As the models were based on data for constant temperatures and some of them also had a very inadequate data base, it was desirable that they should be tested, as far as possible, against field and hatchery observations. The present report is a brief summary based on such data as have been obtained to date. None of the data sets were ideal for the purpose and the various inadequacies are discussed later in this report.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Fish eggs ; Hatching ; Temperature data ; England ; Teesdale
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 21
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    Aspects of the washout of salmonid eggs. 1. Observations on the physical characteristics of real and artificial eggs, their rate of fall in a water column and their pattern of settlement in an experimental channel (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5095 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:24:45 | 5095 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: When salmonid redds are disrupted by spates, the displaced eggs will drift downstream. The mean distance of travel, the types of locations in which the eggs resettle and the depth of reburial of displaced eggs are not known. Investigation of these topics under field conditions presents considerable practical problems, though the use of artificial eggs might help to overcome some of them. Attempts to assess the similarities and/or differences in performance between real and artificial eggs are essential before artificial eggs can validly be used to simulate real eggs. The present report first compares the two types of egg in terms of their measurable physical characteristics (e.g. dimensions and density). The rate at which eggs fall in still water will relate to the rate at which they are likely to resettle in flowing water in the field. As the rate of fall will be influenced by a number of additional factors (e.g. shape and surface texture) which are not easily measured directly, the rates of fall of the two types of egg have been compared directly under controlled conditions. Finally, comparisons of the pattern of settlement of the two types of egg in flowing water in an experimental channel have been made. Although the work was primarily aimed at testing the value of artificial eggs as a simulation of real eggs, several side issues more directly concerned with the properties of real eggs and the likely distance of drift in natural streams have also been explored. This is the first of three reports made on this topic by the author in 1984.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Fisheries ; Limnology ; Freshwater ecology ; Rivers ; Freshwater fish ; Life cycle ; Fry ; Redds ; Induced breeding ; Channels ; Experimental research ; Fish eggs ; England ; Grassholme
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: monograph
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 46
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    The culture of algae and its applications (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5108 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:23:52 | 5108 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An article explaining how the methods and results from the time spent by the author culturing algae can be applied to other algal investigations. The work by the author found that physiological requirements differ widely among algae belonging to different systematic groups. Details are given of the results of a series of experiments which were undertaken in solutions with similar proporties to some natural waters in the Lake District. Reference is made to a paper under preparation at that time containing data on phytoplankton studied in the field within the Lake District during 1937. Reference is also made to Loch Leven and the affects of bluegreen alga on the number of trout caught weekly during 1937.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Laboratory culture ; Plant physiology ; Algal culture ; Algae ; Freshwater fish ; Nitrogen ; Annual reports ; England ; Scotland
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 43-46
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  • 26
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    Factors affecting the susceptibility of salmonid fish to disease (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5120 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:22:40 | 5120 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: A review article discussing the degree of susceptibility of fish to outbreaks of disease and whether, besides from changes in the physical and chemical characteristics of the environment, this susceptibility is instrumental in determining whether or not pathogenic challenge results in disease. The article summarises a decade of work on this subject at the Windermere laboratory of the Freshwater Biological Association and suggests possible directions for future research. The article covers experimental design, effects of environmental stress (including discussion on the hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis in salmonid fish), sexual maturation, research areas for future development and evolutionary considerations. There are a number of accompanying figures and images.
    Keywords: Biology ; Environment ; Fisheries ; Fish diseases ; Fish physiology ; Biological stress ; Freshwater fish ; Hatcheries ; Sexual maturity ; Annual reports ; England
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 61-80
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    Saprolegnia infections of salmonid fish (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5186 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:37 | 5186 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This paper deals firstly with the identification and characteristics of fungal pathogens that colonize salmonids and then considers the relative importance of the condition of the host fish and the environmental factors which may influence the interaction between pathogen and host.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fish diseases ; Freshwater fish ; Fungal diseases ; Game fish ; Salmonidae ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section , FALSE
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    Population dynamics of Windermere perch (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5187 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:39 | 5187 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This paper looks briefly at some of the more recent analyses and interpretations of the changes that have occurred in the population dynamics of Windermere perch and at the present level of understanding. The long-term study has shown how flexible the population is and how it has behaved in different ways over successive periods of time since 1939. Through one of these periods it was possible to account for nearly all the variance in recruitment by a relatively simple explanatory model. The reduction in numbers on the outbreak of disease in 1976 started a natural experiment which will form a baseline for future studies.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Coarse fish ; Freshwater fish ; Freshwater lakes ; Mathematical models ; Population dynamics ; Perca fluviatilis ; England ; Lake District ; Windermere ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section , FALSE
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    Phytoplankton periodicity: its motivation, mechanisms and manipulation (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5188 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:41 | 5188 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This review summarizes some recent work to find a generalized explanation of phytoplankton periodicity in lakes. Much of the observational and experimental evidence is drawn from work centred on the large enclosures (Lund Tubes) installed in Blelham Tarn, English Lake District. Observations on the phytoplankton in the tubes are related to the periodic changes that occur in natural lakes and it is suggested that such changes have common patterns, that they are due to common causes, that they are affected by similar processes and that they are therefore predictable and, potentially, manipulable.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater fish ; Growth ; Periodicity ; Phytoplankton ; Prediction ; England ; Lake District ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: book_section , FALSE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 60-75
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