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  • 1
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    Fishing gear experiments in Finland (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5310 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:07:00 | 5310 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: A comparison of some different European methods of estimating the numbers of fish in a lake using different fishing gear is described. The different gears used were 1. surface trawl used by night 2. bottom trawl used by day 3. trammel nets, set in the evening and lifted in the morning 4. surface seine net used by night 5. bottom seine net used by day 6. Fyke nets, emptied each morning and evening 7. gill nets, set in the evening and lifted in the morning. The most variable catches were from those gears used by day on the bottom and the least variable were those used by night at the surface. The work continued by examining the use of acoustic systems for pelagic fish stock assessment. This gear gave reasonable population estimates for pelagic fish 10m and more below the surface. The advantage of the accoustic method is that it is quick and requires little labour. Its disadvantage is that it is not possible to identify the species and so it must be supplemented by another, conventional method.
    Keywords: Fisheries ; Management ; Acoustic equipment ; Entangling nets ; Experimental fishing ; Fishery surveys ; Fishery resources ; Fishing gear ; Gillnets ; Population number ; Seine nets ; Trap nets ; Trawl nets ; Europe ; Annual report
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  • 2
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    Zooplankton patchiness (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5312 | 3949 | 2020-08-23 05:42:57 | 5312 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This review considers three general aspects of research on zooplankton patchiness: the detection of patchiness, the description of patchiness and the causes of patchiness.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater lakes ; Horizontal distribution ; Annual report
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    Format: 32-44
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  • 3
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    Actinomycetes and actinophage in fresh water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5161 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:51 | 5161 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Actinomycetes are a group of micro-organisms which lie, in classification, half-way between the fungi and the bacteria. They may be isolated from the plating of leaf washings, water samples and mud dilutions on to nutrient agar (with incorporated actidione to eliminate fungi). The predominant genus varied with the source of the sample. An attempt was also made to isolate the phages of some Actinomycetes. A search was made in the typical environments of the host, for the virus. In this way actinophage were also isolated; and shown to be capable of being transmitted from one host strain to another host strain within 1 sp or from one host to another within 1 genus; i.e. polyvalent.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Microbiological culture ; Viruses ; Actinomycetes ; Annual report
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  • 4
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    The production of algae growing on gravel in a chalk-stream (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5160 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:19:35 | 5160 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Epilithic algae, ie that growing on the surface of stones, was studied as part of the work on the energy flow of the chalk-stream ecosystem, by the River Laboratory. The study area was on Bere Stream and 2 neighbouring streams. The algal biomass was estimated from analysis of chlorophyll a. In Bere Stream the peak chlorophyll a cover occurred in April, while in the neighbouring streams, which have considerably lower nutrient levels, there was on peak. Assuming that 2% of a diatoms dry wt is chlorophyll a, then even in mid-April the biomass of epilithic algae amounted to no more than 15 g dry wt m Super(-2) of exposed gravel. Annual production was calculated to be 〉 15 times greater than biomass. The estimation of net primary production is always difficult for benthic floras and comparisons are especially difficult when different methods are used. But these figures contrast sharply with those for Ranunculus (water crowfoot) which has a ratio of annual production to maximal seasonal biomass of 1:16. The accumulation of algal biomass is apparently being prevented. Some organic matter may be excreted; some algae will be washed off the bed of the stream by current and grazing by herbivorous invertebrates will also tend to prevent algal accumulation.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Phytoplankton ; Algae ; England ; Dorset ; Annual report
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  • 5
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    Year class strengths of perch and pike in Windermere (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5158 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:19:31 | 5158 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The pike (Esox lucius) year classes are more stable than those of the perch (Perca fluviatilis), and have been shown to be closely correlated with temp conditions during the first few months of life. The perch year class strengths have been more variable; for success they require the presence of several positive conditions and the absence of many adverse conditions which could cause failure, a favourable combination of circumstances rarely occurs. The conclusions refer only to Windermere from 1941-1964.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Age composition ; Esox lucius ; Perca fluviatilis ; England ; Lake District ; Annual report
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  • 6
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    The ecology of the Gussage, a lined winterbourne (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5165 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:18:21 | 5165 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The Gussage, a Dorset winterhourne (intermittent chalk stream), has been used to convey water from a compensation borehole to the River Allen to supplement its flow to meet demand for water. Sections of the Gussage have been lined with chalk, butyl sheeting or polythene sheeting to prevent water loss through the porous bed. The effects of this major environmental modification associated with these abstraction practices in the winterbourne catchments have been studied in the Gussage system since 1973. To compensate for the lack of adequate pre-lining data, comparative studies have been made on 3 small unlined chalk streams of varying flow regimes, ie. the Crichel (a winterbourne), the North Winterbourne and the Tarrant (permanent discharge in the reaches studies). The distribution of macrophytes and invertebrates in winterbournes are compared with that in natural and artificial permanent streams. Statistical analysis showed samples from the winterbourne sites and the unmodified permanent stream sites are quite distinct, despite the fact that no samples were taken from winterbourne sites during the dry phase. This emphasizes the differences between the fauna of an intermittent and a permanent stream and suggests that alteration of the flow regime could be a significant factor. Where flow regime has been altered, as in the Gussage downstream of the borehole, the samples occupy an intermediate position. Within this group of modified sites there is no apparent gross difference between the invertebrates of lined or unlined reaches.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Ecological distribution ; Ecology ; Watersheds ; England ; Dorset ; Annual report
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  • 7
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    Physiological aspects of the life cycle of the river lamprey, Lampetra fluviatilis L (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5172 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:18:50 | 5172 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The life cycle of the river lamprey, L. fluviatilis, is reviewed. The larval lamprey, or ammocoete, is a blind, filter-feeding animal, which normally lies concealed in the silt deposits of streams and rivers. After a period of 3-5 years in fresh water the ammocoete undergoes a metamorphosis in the summer months into a sexually immature, non-feeding stage known as the macrophthalia, which is active. This stage migrates downstream in late winter. It adopts a parasitic existence, in intertidal areas. After 18 months it returns to spawn in fresh water, after a final freshwater stage lasting up to 9 months. The river lamprey dies within a few days after the spawning period of 3-4 weeks, and none survive to spawn the following year.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Fisheries ; Life cycle ; Physiology ; Lampetra fluviatilis ; Annual report
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    Format: 40-46
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  • 8
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    Limnetic crustaceans in Esthwaite water and adjacent lakes (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5175 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:19:19 | 5175 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Limnetic crustaceans (i.e. those which live in the open water of lakes and ponds) were investigated in Esthwaite water and adjacent lakes. These are represented by two groups, Copepoda and Cladocera.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Limnology ; Freshwater crustaceans ; Zooplankton ; Lakes ; Cladocera ; England ; Esthwaite Water ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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    Format: 70-73
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  • 9
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    The changing chemical composition of chalk streams and rivers (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5157 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:19:58 | 5157 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: The area studied was the River Frome system below Dorchester. The main river has its origins mainly in chalk springs, although some of its tributaries have surface run-off from farm lands and heath-lands. Thus the chemistry of the river is affected by changes in land practice and differences in the geology of the catchment area. Regular chemical analysis of chalk waters started at the River Laboratory in 1964, Regular weekly analyses have been carried out since 1965 at Bere Stream (a small chalk stream) and the River Frome (a large chalk stream); also single samples have been analysed to provide preliminary information. In 1970-71 an attempt was made to discover the contribution each main source made to the flow and chemical composition of the River Frome. Results of these investigations are presented in the paper.
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Environment ; Chemical analysis ; Chemical composition ; Rivers ; Stream flow ; Annual report ; England ; Dorset
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  • 10
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    The communities of running water in Cumbria (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5164 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:18:18 | 5164 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: For conservations of nature to be effective. there must be an understanding of what is present to be conserved. Thus in order to conserve the communites of the Cumbrian rivers, there must first be surveys to determine the spp present and their relative numbers. This has been carried out for many years, by a number of workers. It has been shown that the communities present are influenced by the substratum, the flow, the chemicals present, water temp and predation. Findings of the work on the River Lune were given at a seminar on the rivers of north-west Europe, held at Amiens in November, 1975. The proceedings of the seminar are to appear in special numbers of Bulletin francais de Pisciculure.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Environment ; Aquatic communities ; Rivers ; England ; Cumbria ; Annual report
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