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  • Bacteria
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (29)
  • Ambleside, UK  (16)
  • American Chemical Society
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
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  • 1
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    The predicting power of models for eutrophication (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5287 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:12:00 | 5287 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Restoration of water-bodies from eutrophication has proved to be extremely difficult. Mathematical models have been used extensively to provide guidance for management decisions. The aim of this paper is to elucidate important problems of using models for predicting environmental changes. First, the necessity for a proper uncertainty assessment of the model, upon calibration, has not been widely recognized. Predictions must not be a single time trajectory; they should be a band, expressing system uncertainty and natural variability. Availability of this information may alter the decision to be taken. Second, even with well-calibrated models, there is no guarantee they will give correct projections in situations where the model is used to predict the effects of measures designed to bring the system into an entirely different ”operating point”, as is typically the case in eutrophication abatement. The concept of educated speculation is introduced to partially overcome this difficulty. Lake Veluwe is used as a case to illustrate the point. Third, as questions become more detailed, such as ”what about expected algal composition”, there is a greater probability of running into fundamental problems that are associated with predicting the behaviour of complex non-linear systems. Some of these systems show extreme initial condition sensitivity and even, perhaps, chaotic behaviour, and are therefore fundamentally unpredictable.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Phytoplankton ; Freshwater lakes ; Models ; Growth ; Modelling ; Equations ; Bacteria ; Prediction ; Netherlands ; Veluwemeer Lake
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  • 2
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    A control of gas-vacuolate cyanobacteria (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5301 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:07:11 | 5301 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The cyanobacteria that cause problems in water supply are principally the colonial forms that are buoyed up by gas vesicles. The success of these organisms is due, in part, to their gas vesicles, which enable them to perform vertical migrations or to maintain themselves in the euphotic zone. The gas vesicles are also the root cause of the problems. In calm periods they cause the cyanobacteria to float to the water surface forming noxious scums, and they may prevent the colonies from sedimenting in water treatment plants. Gas vesicles are hollow, gas-filled structures; they are rigid but can be collapsed by the application of pressure. Their critical collapse pressure is influenced by their dimensions, which vary in different organisms. Gas vesicles are formed by the assembly of two types of protein, which determine their mechanical and physical properties. Methods for collapsing gas vesicles in natural populations of cyanobacteria will be considered. They may have application to the control of cyanobacteria in water supply.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Eutrophication ; Algal blooms ; Gases ; Buoyancy ; Algae ; Bacteria ; Photosynthesis ; Growth ; Competition
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  • 3
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    Cultural methods of detection for microorganisms: recent advances and successes (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5317 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:35 | 5317 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Most microbiological methods require culture to allow organisms to recover or to selectively increase, and target organisms are identified by growth on specific agar media. Many cultural methods take several days to complete and even then the results require confirmation. Alternative techniques include the use of chromogenic and fluorogenic substances to identify bacteria as they are growing, selective capture using antibodies after short periods of growth, molecular techniques, and direct staining with or without flow cytometry for enumeration and identification. Future microbiologists may not use culture but depend on the use of specific probes and sophisticated detection systems.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microorganisms ; Methodology ; Detection ; Bacteria ; Cultured organisms ; Enzymes ; Immunofluorescence ; Flow cytometry ; Microbiological culture
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  • 4
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    The microbiological quality of water: the nature of the problem (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5315 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:06:22 | 5315 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Improvements in methods for the detection and enumeration of microbes in water, particularly the application of techniques of molecular biology, have highlighted shortcomings in the ”standard methods” for assessing water quality. Higher expectations from the consumer and increased publicity associated with pollution incidents can lead to an uncoupling of the cycle which links methodological development with standard-setting and legislation. The new methodology has also highlighted problems within the water cycle, related to the introduction, growth and metabolism of microbes. A greater understanding of the true diversity of the microbial community and the ability to transmit genetic information within aquatic systems ensures that the subject of this symposium and volume provides an ideal forum to discuss the problems encountered by both researcher and practitioner.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Hydrologic cycle ; Methodology ; Bacteria ; Bacterial counters ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Primary production ; Fungi ; Cryptosporidium
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  • 5
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    Detection of specific bacteria in water: implications of survival strategy (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5318 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:37 | 5318 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: It is widely recognised that conventional culture techniques may underestimate true viable bacterial numbers by several orders of magnitude. The basis of this discrepancy is that a culture in or on media of high nutrient concentration is highly selective (either through ”nutrient shock” or failure to provide vital co-factors) and decreases apparent diversity; thus it is unrepresentative of the natural community. In addition, the non-culturable but viable state (NCBV) is a strategy adopted by some bacteria as a response to environmental stress. The basis for the non-culturable state is that cells placed in conditions present in the environment cannot be recultured but can be shown to maintain their viability. Consequently, these cells would not be detected by standard water quality techniques that are based on culture. In the case of pathogens, it may explain outbreaks of disease in populations that have not come into contact with the pathogen. However, the NCBV state is difficult to attribute, due to the failure to distinguish between NCBV and non-viable cells. This article will describe experiences with the fish pathogen Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida and the application of molecular techniques for its detection and physiological analysis.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Detection ; Methodology ; Molecular biology ; Microbiological culture
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  • 6
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    The impact of molecular biology on assessment of water quality: advantages and limitations of current techniques (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5316 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:33 | 5316 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The advent of molecular biology has had a dramatic impact on all aspects of biology, not least applied microbial ecology. Microbiological testing of water has traditionally depended largely on culture techniques. Growing understanding that only a small proportion of microbial species are culturable, and that many microorganisms may attain a viable but non-culturable state, has promoted the development of novel approaches to monitoring pathogens in the environment. This has been paralleled by an increased awareness of the surprising genetic diversity of natural microbial populations. By targeting gene sequences that are specific for particular microorganisms, for example genes that encode diagnostic enzymes, or species-specific domains of conserved genes such as 16S ribosomal RNA coding sequences (rrn genes), the problems of culture can be avoided. Technical developments, notably in the area of in vitro amplification of DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), now permit routine detection and identification of specific microorganisms, even when present in very low numbers. Although the techniques of molecular biology have provided some very powerful tools for environmental microbiology, it should not be forgotten that these have their own drawbacks and biases in sampling. For example, molecular techniques are dependent on efficient lysis and recovery of nucleic acids from both vegetative forms and spores of microbial species that may differ radically when growing in the laboratory compared with the natural environment. Furthermore, PCR amplification can introduce its own bias depending on the nature of the oligonucleotide primers utilised. However, despite these potential caveats, it seems likely that a molecular biological approach, particularly with its potential for automation, will provide the mainstay of diagnostic technology for the foreseeable future.
    Keywords: Engineering ; Limnology ; Pollution ; Water quality ; Microbiology ; Microorganisms ; Methodology ; Molecular biology ; DNA ; Polymerase chain reaction ; Detection ; RNA ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases
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  • 7
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    Biodiversity in drinking water distribution systems:a brief review (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5323 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:12 | 5323 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: In drinking water distribution systems, three groups of living organisms are usually found in the biofilm and circulating water: heterotrophic bacteria, free-living protozoa, and macro-invertebrates. Indirect evidence suggests that protozoa grazing in distribution systems can partially eliminate biomass production and accidental microbiological pollution. This paper examines the biodiversit in drinking water distribution systems.
    Keywords: Biology ; Limnology ; Water supply ; Biodiversity ; Food chains ; Bacteria ; Invertebrate larvae ; Escherichia coli
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  • 8
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    Persistence of viable but non-culturable bacteria during the production and distribution of drinking water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5322 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:32 | 5322 | Freshwater Biological Association
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: The direct measurement of in situ respiring bacteria using 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (CTC) shows that, especially for Gram-negative bacteria, large numbers of viable but non-culturable (VBNC) bacteria are present in finished water from a conventional water treatment plant, and the regrowth of bacteria along distribution networks can be seen rapidly by using this very sensitive technique. The level of bacterial inactivation with chlorine is much less important than has been previously supposed (based on experiments with non-injured laboratory strains of bacteria and classical culture techniques). Threshold values of VBNC bacteria leaving water treatment plants or regrowing along distribution systems have to be determined for better control of coliform regrowth and health- risks associated with the consumption of drinking water.
    Keywords: Biology ; Health ; Limnology ; Water supply ; Water treatment ; Bacteria ; Microbiological culture ; Bacterial counters ; Staining ; Growth curves ; France
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  • 9
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    Immunodetection of planktonic algae (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5333 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:04:52 | 5333 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Interest in the identification and characterisation of cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates in aquatic environments is increasing rapidly due to the perceived roles of these organisms in primary production and nuisance aspects in terms of water treatment and public health. Techniques for the identification and quantification of these organisms currently are limited, and the application of molecular approaches provides fundamental taxonomic information and techniques of practical value. Antigenic properties of algal cells may be useful taxonomic markers. Immunodetection techniques utilise the specificity of the antibody/antigen association as a probe for recognising and distinguishing between microorganisms according to their cell- surface chemistry. Immunofluorescent detection of unicellular cyanobacteria and dinoflagellates has been studied with success in marine and freshwater ecosystems and a range of techniques and results are presented and discussed. The most recent advances in the study of planktonic algae have come with the application of continuous flow cytometric methods (CFC). Flow cytometry makes use of the autofluorescence properties of the algal cells, which alone can be used to demonstrate their presence and permit their quantification in natural water samples. When used in conjunction with immunolabelling techniques, the potential of CFC analysis is broadened to study the serological/strain composition of plankters in natural populations. Changes in algal strains represented within and between waters over periods of time are reported and discussed, along with the ecological issues thus raised.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Methodology ; Algae ; Plankton ; Immunology ; Detection ; Toxicity tests ; Immunofluorescence ; Synechococcus ; Alexandrium tamarens ; Prorocentrum micans
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  • 10
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    Actinomycetes and actinophage in fresh water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5161 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:51 | 5161 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Actinomycetes are a group of micro-organisms which lie, in classification, half-way between the fungi and the bacteria. They may be isolated from the plating of leaf washings, water samples and mud dilutions on to nutrient agar (with incorporated actidione to eliminate fungi). The predominant genus varied with the source of the sample. An attempt was also made to isolate the phages of some Actinomycetes. A search was made in the typical environments of the host, for the virus. In this way actinophage were also isolated; and shown to be capable of being transmitted from one host strain to another host strain within 1 sp or from one host to another within 1 genus; i.e. polyvalent.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Environment ; Bacteria ; Fungi ; Microbiological culture ; Viruses ; Actinomycetes ; Annual report
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  • 11
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    Nitrates - loss processes in raw water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5208 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:16:34 | 5208 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: This project investigated the production of nitrate (nitrification) by bacteria in lakes. The work was undertaken as nitrification is a key process in the nitrogen cycle and previous estimates of rates of nitrification were unreliable. When different methods were used to estimate rates of nitrification within sediment deposits different results were obtained. Investigation' of specific aspects of these methodologies has allowed some rationalization of these observations and also enabled comparisons of previously published data which, beforehand, was not possible. However, it was not clear which methods gave the most reliable rate estimates. Calculation of a nitrate budget for Grasmere lake indicated that the use of methods which involved the mixing of surface sediments (and therefore disrupted preformed nutrient gradients) overestimated the rate of nitrification. The study concludes that slight changes in the method used to prepare sediment slurries can result in large changes, in the measured nitrifying activity. This makes comparisons between studies, using different methods, extremely difficult. Methods to study sediment nitrification processes which do not disrupt preformed substrate gradients within the sediment provide the most reliable rate estimates.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Limnology ; Bacteria ; Nitrification ; Freshwater lakes ; Sediment samples ; Slurries ; Seasonal variations ; Methodology ; England ; Grasmere Lake
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  • 12
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    Decomposition in lake sediments: bacterial action and interaction (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5239 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:13:47 | 5239 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-06-24
    Description: This review discusses the processes involved in the decomposition of organic carbon derived initially from structural components of algae and other primary producers. It describes how groups of bacteria interact in time and space in a eutrophic lake. The relative importance of anaerobic and aerobic processes are discussed. The bulk of decomposition occurs within the sediment. The role of bacteria in the nitrogen cycle and the iron cycle, and in sulphate reduction and methanogenesis as the terminal metabolism of organic carbon are described.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Anaerobic bacteria ; Bacteria ; Biodegradation ; Carbon cycle ; Eutrophic lakes ; Fresh water ; Geochemical cycle ; Iron ; Manganese ; Nitrates ; Nitrogen cycle ; Organic carbon ; Oxygen consumption ; Partical size ; Sedimentation ; Sulphates ; Sulphur ; Annual report
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
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  • 13
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    The health significance of heterotrophic bacteria in drinking water (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5319 | 1256 | 2011-09-29 15:05:39 | 5319 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Tap water is not sterile; it contains organisms which grow in water distribution systems or inside taps and their fittings. The absence of known pathogenic bacteria is assured by the absence of the indicator organisms but concerns have been raised in the past few years that drinking water fulfilling the standards laid down in the EC Directive ECC 80/778 may still cause disease. These concerns have arisen from several sources: the fact that a cause has been identified in only half of all suspected waterborne outbreaks of disease; reports have suggested that heterotrophic bacteria possessing single pathogenic mechanisms such as haemolysin may cause disease; reports of heterotrophic organisms causing water contact diseases in hospitals. These concerns led to a reappraisal of the pathogenic potential of heteretrophic bacteria, by carrying out an extensive literature search and review commissioned by the UK Water Research Company. This research identified many papers showing an association between drinking water and heterotrophic bacteria but only very few reports of suspected waterborne disease associated with the heterotrophs. The organisms demonstrating potential to cause disease were species of Aeromonas and Yersinia, but typing of organisms identified in patients and isolated from the water revealed very few similarities. The potential of Aeromonas and Yersinia to cause waterborne disease is thought to be very low and the Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre database of laboratory infections due to these two genera of organisms was analysed to produce population-related incidences for each health region in England and Wales. Additionally a laboratory questionnaire revealed different levels of ascertainment of these two organisms in different laboratories of the Public Health Laboratory Service.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Health ; Limnology ; Public health ; Microbial contamination ; Water pollution treatment ; Bacteria ; Bacterial diseases ; Water supply ; Water policy ; Heterotrophic organisms
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  • 14
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    Bacteria in freshwaters (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5114 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:21:32 | 5114 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: An article looking at the numerical distribution of bacteria in lakes, the types most commonly present and the nitrogen-cycle, in Lake Windermere. The methodology is explained, including the sampling frequency and depths, and bacteria culturing techniques. Water bodies other than Lake Windermere were also sampled and these are detailed, including a water reservoir. A summary of the work into horizontal of bacteria is given, including a table showing the number of bacteria per millilitre at different distances from inflow into Windermere. A summary of the work into vertical distribution is also given, including two figures, one showing seasonal variation during 1938-9 in numbers of bacteria at different depths in Winderemere, and the other showing the relationship between the numbers of bacteria at 10 metres depth in Windermere and the rainfull during the previous 7 days. A summary of the types of bacteria found, as well as work on the nitrogen cycle in Esthwaite Water, Lake Windermere and Blelham Tarn are given.
    Keywords: Biology ; Chemistry ; Limnology ; Nitrogen cycle ; Bacteria ; Freshwater ecology ; Limnology ; Seasonal variations ; Water column ; Water reservoirs ; Annual reports ; England ; Lake District
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  • 15
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    Variation in bacterial populations in time and space (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5168 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:18:43 | 5168 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-08
    Description: Obtaining a reliable estimate of the bacterial population is one of the main problems facing the bacterial ecologist. The author discusses the various methods available and concludes that the observed variability in bacterial populations depends on the sampling interval used.
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Bacteria ; Biomass ; Population characteristics ; Population number ; Annual report
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    Growth rates of bacteria in rivers (2021)
    Freshwater Biological Association | Ambleside, UK
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/5184 | 3949 | 2011-09-29 15:17:22 | 5184 | Freshwater Biological Association
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    Publication Date: 2021-07-09
    Description: Three different methods for determining bacterial growth rate in rivers are described. Two of the methods are for bacteria in suspension: a recirculating experimental channel method and a radioactive tracer technique using super(35)SO sub(4). The third method is for bacteria attached to surfaces and specifically considers the surface of the common duckweed Lemna minor).
    Keywords: Biology ; Ecology ; Bacteria ; Growth ; Nannoplankton ; Rivers ; Lemna minor ; England ; Dorset ; River Frome ; Annual report
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  • 17
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    Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum (2021)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-27
    Description: © The Author(s), 2021. This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License. The definitive version was published in Gosselin, K. M., Nelson, R. K., Spivak, A. C., Sylva, S. P., Van Mooy, B. A. S., Aeppli, C., Sharpless, C. M., O’Neil, G. W., Arrington, E. C., Reddy, C. M., & Valentine, D. L. Production of two highly abundant 2-methyl-branched fatty acids by blooms of the globally significant marine cyanobacteria Trichodesmium erythraeum. ACS Omega, 6(35), (2021): 22803–22810, https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.1c03196.
    Description: The bloom-forming cyanobacteria Trichodesmium contribute up to 30% to the total fixed nitrogen in the global oceans and thereby drive substantial productivity. On an expedition in the Gulf of Mexico, we observed and sampled surface slicks, some of which included dense blooms of Trichodesmium erythraeum. These bloom samples contained abundant and atypical free fatty acids, identified here as 2-methyldecanoic acid and 2-methyldodecanoic acid. The high abundance and unusual branching pattern of these compounds suggest that they may play a specific role in this globally important organism.
    Description: This work was funded with grants from the National Science Foundation grants OCE-1333148, OCE-1333162, and OCE-1756254 and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (IR&D). GCxGC analysis made possible by WHOI’s Investment in Science Fund.
    Keywords: Lipids ; Alkyls ; Bacteria ; Genetics ; Chromatography
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
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  • 18
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    Historical overfishing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2001-07-28
    Description: Ecological extinction caused by overfishing precedes all other pervasive human disturbance to coastal ecosystems, including pollution, degradation of water quality, and anthropogenic climate change. Historical abundances of large consumer species were fantastically large in comparison with recent observations. Paleoecological, archaeological, and historical data show that time lags of decades to centuries occurred between the onset of overfishing and consequent changes in ecological communities, because unfished species of similar trophic level assumed the ecological roles of overfished species until they too were overfished or died of epidemic diseases related to overcrowding. Retrospective data not only help to clarify underlying causes and rates of ecological change, but they also demonstrate achievable goals for restoration and management of coastal ecosystems that could not even be contemplated based on the limited perspective of recent observations alone.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jackson, J B -- Kirby, M X -- Berger, W H -- Bjorndal, K A -- Botsford, L W -- Bourque, B J -- Bradbury, R H -- Cooke, R -- Erlandson, J -- Estes, J A -- Hughes, T P -- Kidwell, S -- Lange, C B -- Lenihan, H S -- Pandolfi, J M -- Peterson, C H -- Steneck, R S -- Tegner, M J -- Warner, R R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Jul 27;293(5530):629-37.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0244, USA. jbcj@ucsd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11474098" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Archaeology ; Bacteria ; Cnidaria ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Eutrophication ; *Fishes ; Geologic Sediments ; Humans ; *Marine Biology ; Seaweed ; Shellfish ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 19
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    Culture collections seek global help (1999)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 1999-03-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Normile, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1999 Feb 26;283(5406):1240-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10084924" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; *Biological Specimen Banks/organization & administration ; Cell Line ; Computational Biology ; Databases, Factual ; Fungi ; *International Cooperation
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Oddities both lunar and Martian (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-04-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Mar 31;287(5462):2402-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10766615" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Carbonates/chemistry ; *Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferrosoferric Oxide ; Iron/chemistry ; *Mars ; Meteoroids ; *Moon ; Oxides/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Bioterrorism. Congress weighs select agent update (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-11-17
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Enserink, M -- Malakoff, D -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Nov 16;294(5546):1438.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11711649" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Bioterrorism/*legislation & jurisprudence/prevention & control ; Coccidioides ; *Containment of Biohazards/economics ; Costs and Cost Analysis ; Emigration and Immigration/legislation & jurisprudence ; Government ; Research Personnel/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Security Measures/economics/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Toxins, Biological ; United States ; Viruses
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 22
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    The antiquity of oxygenic photosynthesis: evidence from stromatolites in sulphate-deficient Archaean lakes (1992)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1992-01-03
    Description: The Tumbiana Formation, about 2700 million years old, was largely deposited in ephemeral saline lakes, as judged by the unusual evaporite paragenesis of carbonate and halite with no sulfate. Stromatolites of diverse morphology occur in the lacustrine sediments, some with palimpsest fabrics after erect filaments. These stromatolites were probably accreted by phototropic microbes that, from their habitat in shallow isolated basins with negligible sulfate concentrations, almost certainly metabolized by ozygenic photosynthesis.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Buick, R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1992 Jan 3;255(5040):74-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Botanical Museum, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11536492" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea ; Australia ; Bacteria ; *Biological Evolution ; Carbonates/analysis/chemistry/metabolism ; Earth (Planet) ; *Environmental Microbiology ; *Evolution, Planetary ; *Fossils ; Fresh Water ; Geologic Sediments/*analysis/microbiology ; Oxidation-Reduction ; Paleontology ; Photosynthesis/*physiology ; Sodium Chloride/analysis ; Sulfates/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 23
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    Astrobiology. Robot seeks new life--and new funding--in the abyss of Zacaton (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Krajick, Kevin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):322-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234927" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea ; Bacteria ; Budgets ; *Ecosystem ; *Exobiology ; Hot Springs/*microbiology ; Jupiter ; Mexico ; Robotics/economics/*instrumentation ; Software ; United States ; United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration/economics ; *Water Microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Reefs in trouble. Whiter shades of pale (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-12-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jones, Cheryl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Dec 14;318(5857):1716.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18079379" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Anthozoa/microbiology/physiology ; Aspergillus ; Bacteria ; *Ecosystem ; Greenhouse Effect
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Materials science. Printing cells (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Calvert, Paul -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Oct 12;318(5848):208-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Materials and Textiles, University of Massachusetts Dartmouth, North Dartmouth, MA 02747 USA. pcalvert@umassd.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17932278" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria ; *Cell Communication ; Cell Survival ; Cells, Cultured ; Computer Peripherals ; *Cytological Techniques/instrumentation ; Humans ; *Microbiological Techniques/instrumentation ; Printing/*instrumentation ; *Tissue Engineering ; Yeasts
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Trophic structure and community stability in an overfished ecosystem (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: Since the collapse of the pelagic fisheries off southwest Africa in the late 1960s, jellyfish biomass has increased and the structure of the Benguelan fish community has shifted, making the bearded goby (Sufflogobius bibarbatus) the new predominant prey species. Despite increased predation pressure and a harsh environment, the gobies are thriving. Here we show that physiological adaptations and antipredator and foraging behaviors underpin the success of these fish. In particular, body-tissue isotope signatures reveal that gobies consume jellyfish and sulphidic diatomaceous mud, transferring "dead-end" resources back into the food chain.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Utne-Palm, Anne C -- Salvanes, Anne G V -- Currie, Bronwen -- Kaartvedt, Stein -- Nilsson, Goran E -- Braithwaite, Victoria A -- Stecyk, Jonathan A W -- Hundt, Matthias -- van der Bank, Megan -- Flynn, Bradley -- Sandvik, Guro K -- Klevjer, Thor A -- Sweetman, Andrew K -- Bruchert, Volker -- Pittman, Karin -- Peard, Kathleen R -- Lunde, Ida G -- Strandabo, Ronnaug A U -- Gibbons, Mark J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):333-6. doi: 10.1126/science.1190708.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway. anne.palm@bio.uib.no〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647468" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Adaptation, Physiological ; Anaerobiosis ; Animals ; Bacteria ; Behavior, Animal ; Biomass ; Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena ; Digestion ; *Ecosystem ; Feeding Behavior ; Fisheries ; Fishes/physiology ; *Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hydrogen Sulfide/analysis ; Namibia ; Oxygen/analysis ; Oxygen Consumption ; Perciformes/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Predatory Behavior ; *Scyphozoa ; Seawater/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Dust and biological aerosols from the Sahara and Asia influence precipitation in the western U.S (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-02
    Description: Winter storms in California's Sierra Nevada increase seasonal snowpack and provide critical water resources and hydropower for the state. Thus, the mechanisms influencing precipitation in this region have been the subject of research for decades. Previous studies suggest Asian dust enhances cloud ice and precipitation, whereas few studies consider biological aerosols as an important global source of ice nuclei (IN). Here, we show that dust and biological aerosols transported from as far as the Sahara were present in glaciated high-altitude clouds coincident with elevated IN concentrations and ice-induced precipitation. This study presents the first direct cloud and precipitation measurements showing that Saharan and Asian dust and biological aerosols probably serve as IN and play an important role in orographic precipitation processes over the western United States.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Creamean, Jessie M -- Suski, Kaitlyn J -- Rosenfeld, Daniel -- Cazorla, Alberto -- DeMott, Paul J -- Sullivan, Ryan C -- White, Allen B -- Ralph, F Martin -- Minnis, Patrick -- Comstock, Jennifer M -- Tomlinson, Jason M -- Prather, Kimberly A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Mar 29;339(6127):1572-8. doi: 10.1126/science.1227279. Epub 2013 Feb 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23449996" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols/*chemistry ; Africa, Northern ; *Altitude ; Asia ; Atmosphere/*chemistry ; Bacteria ; *Dust ; *Freezing ; *Ice ; Models, Chemical ; Rain/chemistry ; Seasons ; Snow/chemistry ; United States
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Martian 'microbes' cover their tracks (1997)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-04
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kerr, R A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1997 Apr 4;276(5309):30-1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9122703" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; *Carbonates/analysis/chemistry ; *Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferrosoferric Oxide ; Fossils ; *Iron/analysis/chemistry ; *Mars ; *Meteoroids ; *Oxides/analysis/chemistry ; Temperature
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Nanomaterials. 'Smart coatings' research shows the virtues of superficiality (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-07-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bohannon, John -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Jul 15;309(5733):376-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16020712" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Corrosion ; Decontamination ; Flame Retardants ; *Nanostructures ; *Nanotechnology
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    Antarctic drilling. The plan to unlock Lake Vostok (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-10-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Inman, Mason -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 28;310(5748):611-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16254162" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Bacteria ; Cold Climate ; *Ecosystem ; *Fresh Water ; *Ice Cover ; Russia ; Water Microbiology ; Water Pollutants, Chemical
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    Detection of methane in the atmosphere of Mars (2004)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2004-10-30
    Description: We report a detection of methane in the martian atmosphere by the Planetary Fourier Spectrometer onboard the Mars Express spacecraft. The global average methane mixing ratio is found to be 10 +/- 5 parts per billion by volume (ppbv). However, the mixing ratio varies between 0 and 30 ppbv over the planet. The source of methane could be either biogenic or nonbiogenic, including past or present subsurface microorganisms, hydrothermal activity, or cometary impacts.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Formisano, Vittorio -- Atreya, Sushil -- Encrenaz, Therese -- Ignatiev, Nikolai -- Giuranna, Marco -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2004 Dec 3;306(5702):1758-61. Epub 2004 Oct 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario INAF-IFSI, Via del Fosso del Cavaliere 100, 00133 Rome, Italy. formisan@nike.ifsi.rm.cnr.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15514118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea ; Atmosphere ; Bacteria ; Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Hydrogen ; *Mars ; Meteoroids ; *Methane ; Pressure ; Spacecraft ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Volcanic Eruptions ; Water
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Abundance of cellular material and proteins in the atmosphere (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-04-02
    Description: Suspended atmospheric particles play a crucial role in any global climate scenario: They can both enforce and suppress radiative forcing. In developing climate modeling further, a deeper understanding of atmospheric aerosol is needed. Because of extreme local and temporal variations, proper incorporation of aerosols into models requires modeling of the aerosol itself. It turns out that cellular material and proteins compose up to 25% of the atmospheric aerosol. Consequently, the source strength of the biogenic aerosol in general must be corrected and should be estimated on the order of other major aerosol sources.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Jaenicke, Ruprecht -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Apr 1;308(5718):73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institut fur Physik der Atmosphare, Universitat Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany. jaenicke@uni-mainz.de〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15802596" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aerosols ; *Air Microbiology ; Animals ; *Atmosphere ; Bacteria ; *Cells ; Environment ; Eukaryota ; Fungi ; Humans ; Particle Size ; Pollen ; Proteins/*analysis ; Seasons ; Spores ; Viruses
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    Microfossils of the Early Archean Apex chert: new evidence of the antiquity of life (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-04-30
    Description: Eleven taxa (including eight heretofore undescribed species) of cellularly preserved filamentous microbes, among the oldest fossils known, have been discovered in a bedded chert unit of the Early Archean Apex Basalt of northwestern Western Australia. This prokaryotic assemblage establishes that trichomic cyanobacterium-like microorganisms were extant and morphologically diverse at least as early as approximately 3465 million years ago and suggests that oxygen-producing photoautotrophy may have already evolved by this early stage in biotic history.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Schopf, J W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Apr 30;260:640-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles 90024, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11539831" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; *Biological Evolution ; Cyanobacteria ; Environmental Microbiology ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments/*analysis/*microbiology ; *Paleontology ; Prokaryotic Cells/*classification ; Western Australia
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    Another form of bias in conservation research (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Klironomos, John N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 25;298(5594):749-50; author reply 749-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12400547" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria ; Bias (Epidemiology) ; *Conservation of Natural Resources ; *Ecosystem ; Fungi ; Lichens ; Plants ; *Research ; Viruses
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    Looking for clues to the mystery of life on earth (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-16
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Balter, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 16;273(5277):870-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8711475" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Evolution, Molecular ; Meteoroids ; Organophosphonates ; *Origin of Life ; RNA/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Catalytic/metabolism
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 36
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    Search for past life on Mars: possible relic biogenic activity in martian meteorite ALH84001 (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-08-16
    Description: Fresh fracture surfaces of the martian meteorite ALH84001 contain abundant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These fresh fracture surfaces also display carbonate globules. Contamination studies suggest that the PAHs are indigenous to the meteorite. High-resolution scanning and transmission electron microscopy study of surface textures and internal structures of selected carbonate globules show that the globules contain fine-grained, secondary phases of single-domain magnetite and Fe-sulfides. The carbonate globules are similar in texture and size to some terrestrial bacterially induced carbonate precipitates. Although inorganic formation is possible, formation of the globules by biogenic processes could explain many of the observed features, including the PAHs. The PAHs, the carbonate globules, and their associated secondary mineral phases and textures could thus be fossil remains of a past martian biota.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKay, D S -- Gibson, E K Jr -- Thomas-Keprta, K L -- Vali, H -- Romanek, C S -- Clemett, S J -- Chillier, X D -- Maechling, C R -- Zare, R N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Aug 16;273(5277):924-30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉NASA Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center (JSC), Houston, TX 77058, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8688069" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Antarctic Regions ; Bacteria ; Carbonates/*analysis ; *Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ferrosoferric Oxide ; Ferrous Compounds/analysis ; Fossils ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Iron/analysis ; *Mars ; *Meteoroids ; Microscopy, Electron ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Oxides/analysis ; Polycyclic Hydrocarbons, Aromatic/*analysis
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 37
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    Past life on Mars? (1996)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1996-09-20
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morowitz, H J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1996 Sep 20;273(5282):1639-40; author reply 1640.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/8830403" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; *Exobiology ; Ferrosoferric Oxide ; Fossils ; Iron/analysis ; *Mars ; *Meteoroids ; Oxides/analysis
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 38
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    Did DNA come from viruses? (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-05-13
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zimmer, Carl -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 May 12;312(5775):870-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16690855" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Archaea ; Bacteria ; *Biological Evolution ; *DNA/genetics ; DNA Replication/genetics ; DNA, Viral/genetics/physiology ; Eukaryotic Cells ; *Evolution, Molecular ; *RNA/genetics ; RNA Viruses/genetics/physiology ; RNA, Viral/genetics/physiology ; Selection, Genetic ; Virus Physiological Phenomena ; *Viruses/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ecology. How a little fish keeps overfished ecosystem productive (2010)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-07-22
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2010 Jul 16;329(5989):268. doi: 10.1126/science.329.5989.268.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20647437" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria ; *Ecosystem ; Fisheries ; *Food Chain ; Geologic Sediments/microbiology ; Hydrogen Sulfide/analysis ; Oxygen/analysis ; Perciformes/*physiology ; Population Dynamics ; Scyphozoa ; Seawater/chemistry
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Ancient aqueous environments at Endeavour crater, Mars (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-25
    Description: Opportunity has investigated in detail rocks on the rim of the Noachian age Endeavour crater, where orbital spectral reflectance signatures indicate the presence of Fe(+3)-rich smectites. The signatures are associated with fine-grained, layered rocks containing spherules of diagenetic or impact origin. The layered rocks are overlain by breccias, and both units are cut by calcium sulfate veins precipitated from fluids that circulated after the Endeavour impact. Compositional data for fractures in the layered rocks suggest formation of Al-rich smectites by aqueous leaching. Evidence is thus preserved for water-rock interactions before and after the impact, with aqueous environments of slightly acidic to circum-neutral pH that would have been more favorable for prebiotic chemistry and microorganisms than those recorded by younger sulfate-rich rocks at Meridiani Planum.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Arvidson, R E -- Squyres, S W -- Bell, J F 3rd -- Catalano, J G -- Clark, B C -- Crumpler, L S -- de Souza, P A Jr -- Fairen, A G -- Farrand, W H -- Fox, V K -- Gellert, R -- Ghosh, A -- Golombek, M P -- Grotzinger, J P -- Guinness, E A -- Herkenhoff, K E -- Jolliff, B L -- Knoll, A H -- Li, R -- McLennan, S M -- Ming, D W -- Mittlefehldt, D W -- Moore, J M -- Morris, R V -- Murchie, S L -- Parker, T J -- Paulsen, G -- Rice, J W -- Ruff, S W -- Smith, M D -- Wolff, M J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Jan 24;343(6169):1248097. doi: 10.1126/science.1248097.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24458648" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; *Exobiology ; Extraterrestrial Environment/*chemistry ; Geologic Sediments ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; *Mars ; Silicates/analysis/chemistry ; Spacecraft ; Sulfates/chemistry ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Water's tough skin (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-03-15
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pennisi, Elizabeth -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 Mar 14;343(6176):1194-7. doi: 10.1126/science.343.6176.1194.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24626911" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria ; Beetles ; Cough/microbiology ; Humans ; Plant Leaves ; Rats ; Skin ; Sneezing ; Surface Tension ; Viruses ; Water/*chemistry ; *Wettability
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Evolutionary biology. Evolving new organisms via symbiosis (2015)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-04-25
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiers, E Toby -- West, Stuart A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2015 Apr 24;348(6233):392-4. doi: 10.1126/science.aaa9605.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute of Ecological Sciences, Vrije Universiteit, 1081 HV Amsterdam, Netherlands. toby.kiers@vu.nl. ; Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/25908807" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria ; *Biological Evolution ; Energy Metabolism ; Insects/microbiology ; Platyhelminths ; Symbiosis/*physiology
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    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Supreme court to say if life is patentable (1979)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1979-11-09
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1979 Nov 9;206(4419):664.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/493970" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; *DNA, Recombinant ; *Jurisprudence ; Licensure ; *Patents as Topic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Court says lab-made life can be patented (1980)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1980-06-27
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Wade, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1980 Jun 27;208(4451):1445.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/6930105" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; *Cloning, Molecular ; *Genetic Engineering ; Patents as Topic/*legislation & jurisprudence ; Supreme Court Decisions ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 45
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    Gram-positive bacteria: possible photosynthetic ancestry (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-01-01
    Description: A 16S ribosomal RNA gene has been sequenced from Heliobacterium chlorum, the recently discovered photosynthetic bacterium that contains a novel form of chlorophyll. Comparisons with other 16S ribosomal RNA sequences show that the organism belongs to the Gram-positive bacteria (one of ten eubacterial "phyla")--more precisely to the so-called low G + C (G, guanine; C, cytosine) subdivision thereof. This brings to five the number of such phyla that contain photosynthetic species, the other four being the purple bacteria and relatives, the green sulfur bacteria, the green nonsulfur bacteria, and the cyanobacteria. The finding suggests that Gram-positive bacteria may be of photosynthetic ancestry, and it strengthens the case for a common photosynthetic ancestry for all eubacteria.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Woese, C R -- Debrunner-Vossbrinck, B A -- Oyaizu, H -- Stackebrandt, E -- Ludwig, W -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985;229:762-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Genetics and Development, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11539659" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Bacteria ; Base Sequence ; *Biological Evolution ; Chlorobi ; Chlorophyll/analysis ; Cyanobacteria ; Cytosine/analysis ; DNA, Bacterial/analysis/chemistry/genetics ; Gram-Positive Bacteria/*classification/genetics/physiology ; Guanine/analysis ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oligonucleotides/analysis/chemistry/genetics ; Photosynthesis/*genetics/physiology ; RNA, Bacterial/analysis/chemistry/genetics ; RNA, Ribosomal, 16S/analysis/chemistry/*genetics ; *Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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    Male-killing bacteria in a parasitic wasp (1986)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1986-02-28
    Description: A rod-shaped bacterium has been isolated that kills male eggs of the wasp Nasonia vitripennis, a pupal parasite of flies. Only some wasps of this species express this son-killer trait, and these wasps have bacterial infections in various organs. The bacterium was isolated from son-killer wasp tissue and from the hemolymph of fly pupae parasitized by wasps expressing the son-killer trait. Bacteria are apparently transferred to parasitized fly pupae during wasp oviposition, and developing wasp offspring are subsequently infected perorally. Sex-ratio distortion by microorganisms is found in a variety of plants and animals. The infectious peroral transmission of this trait variety of plants and animals. The infectious peroral transmission of this trait is in contrast to the typical pattern of cytoplasmic inheritance of sex-ratio distortion in these other systems.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Werren, J H -- Skinner, S W -- Huger, A M -- 5 T32 6MO7131/PHS HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1986 Feb 28;231(4741):990-2.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/3945814" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Bacteria ; Female ; Hemolymph/microbiology ; Hymenoptera/*microbiology ; Male ; Ovum/microbiology ; Sex Factors ; Wasps/*microbiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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