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  • Articles  (4,595,246)
  • Springer  (3,528,078)
  • Springer Nature  (1,067,168)
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  • 1
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    Flow front mobility of rock avalanches as a function of flow volume, grain size, channel width, basal friction and flow scale (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: The ability to predict the mobility of rock avalanches is necessary when designing strategies to mitigate the risks they pose. A popular mobility indicator of the flow front is the Heim’s apparent friction coefficient muH. In the field, muH shows a decrease in value as flow volume V increases. But this correlation has been a mystery as to whether it is due to a causal relationship between V and mobility since: (1) field data of muH do not collapse onto a single curve because typically widely scattered and (2) laboratory experiments have shown an opposite volume effect on the center of mass mobility of miniature flows. My numerical simulations confirm for the first time the existence of a functional relationship of scaling parameters where muH decreases as V increases in unsteady and nonuniform 3D flows. Data scatter is caused by muH that is affected by numerous other variables besides V. The interplay of these variables produces different granular regimes with opposite volume effects. In particular, muH decreases as V increases in the regime characterized by a relatively rough subsurface. The relationship holds for large-scale flows that, like rock avalanches, consist of a very large number of fine clasts traveling in wide channels. In these dense flows, flow front mobility increases as flow volume increases, as channel width increases, as grain size decreases, as basal friction decreases and as flow scale increases. Larger-scale flows are more mobile because they have larger Froude number values.
    Description: Published
    Description: 933–947
    Description: OSV1: Verso la previsione dei fenomeni vulcanici pericolosi
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Pyroclastic Flows ; Rock Avalanches ; Flow Front ; Mobility
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    The last 1100 years of activity of La Fossa caldera, Vulcano Island (Italy): new insights into stratigraphy, chronology, and landscape evolution (2024)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-13
    Description: A detailed study of past eruptive activity is crucial to understanding volcanic systems and associated hazards. We present a meticulous stratigraphic analysis, a comprehensive chronological reconstruction, thorough tephra mapping, and a detailed analysis of the interplay between primary and secondary volcanic processes of the post-900 AD activity of La Fossa caldera, including the two main systems of La Fossa volcano and Vulcanello cones (Vulcano Island, Italy). Our analyses demonstrate how the recent volcanic activity of La Fossa caldera is primarily characterized by effusive and Strombolian activity and Vulcanian eruptions, combined with sporadic sub-Plinian events and both impulsive and long-lasting phreatic explosions, all of which have the capacity to severely impact the entire northern sector of Vulcano island. We document a total of 30 eruptions, 25 from the La Fossa volcano and 5 from Vulcanello cones, consisting of ash to lapilli deposits and fields of ballistic bombs and blocks. Volcanic activity alternated with significant erosional phases and volcaniclastic re-sedimentation. Large-scale secondary erosion processes occur in response to the widespread deposition of fine-grained ash blankets, both onto the active cone of La Fossa and the watersheds conveying their waters into the La Fossa caldera. The continuous increase in ground height above sea level, particularly in the western sector of the caldera depression where key infrastructure is situated, is primarily attributed to long-term alluvial processes. We demonstrate how a specific methodological approach is key to the characterization and hazard assessment of low-to-high intensity volcanic activity, where tephra is emitted over long time periods and is intercalated with phases of erosion and re-sedimentation.
    Description: Open access funding provided by Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia within the CRUI-CARE Agreement.
    Description: Published
    Description: 47
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Active caldera; Aeolian archipelago; Historical eruptions; Island of Vulcano; Tephra; Volcano stratigraphy ; 04.08. Volcanology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Projected poleward migration of the Southern Ocean CO2 sink region under high emissions (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 5(1), pp. 232-232, ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-11
    Description: The Southern Ocean is a major region of ocean carbon uptake, but its future changes remain uncertain under climate change. Here we show the projected shift in the Southern Ocean CO2 sink using a suite of Earth System Models, revealing changes in the mechanism, position and seasonality of the carbon uptake. The region of dominant CO2 uptake shifts from the Subtropical to the Antarctic region under the high-emission scenario. The warming-driven sea-ice melt, increased ocean stratification, mixed layer shoaling, and a weaker vertical carbon gradient is projected to together reduce the winter de-gassing in the future, which will trigger the switch from mixing-driven outgassing to solubility-driven uptake in the Antarctic region during the winter season. The future Southern Ocean carbon sink will be poleward-shifted, operating in a hybrid mode between biologically-driven summertime and solubility-driven wintertime uptake with further amplification of biologically-driven uptake due to the increasing Revelle Factor.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Permafrost-thaw lake development in Central Yakutia: sedimentary ancient DNA and element analyses from a Holocene sediment record (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Paleolimnology, Springer Nature, 70(2), pp. 95-112, ISSN: 0921-2728
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-06-11
    Description: In Central Yakutia (Siberia) livelihoods of local communities depend on alaas (thermokarst depression) landscapes and the lakes within. Development and dynamics of these alaas lakes are closely connected to climate change, permafrost thawing, catchment conditions, and land use. To reconstruct lake development throughout the Holocene we analyze sedimentary ancient DNA (sedaDNA) and biogeochemistry from a sediment core from Lake Satagay, spanning the last c. 10,800 calibrated years before present (cal yrs BP). SedaDNA of diatoms and macrophytes and microfossil diatom analysis reveal lake formation earlier than 10,700 cal yrs BP. The sedaDNA approach detected 42 amplicon sequence variants (ASVs) of diatom taxa, one ASV of Eustigmatophyceae (Nannochloropsis), and 12 ASVs of macrophytes. We relate diatom and macrophyte community changes to climate-driven shifts in water level and mineral and organic input, which result in variable water conductivity, in-lake productivity, and sediment deposition. We detect a higher lake level and water conductivity in the Early Holocene (c. 10,700–7000 cal yrs BP) compared to other periods, supported by the dominance of Stephanodiscus sp. and Stuckenia pectinata. Further climate warming towards the Mid-Holocene (7000–4700 cal yrs BP) led to a shallowing of Lake Satagay, an increase of the submerged macrophyte Ceratophyllum, and a decline of planktonic diatoms. In the Late Holocene (c. 4700 cal yrs BP–present) stable shallow water conditions are confirmed by small fragilarioid and staurosiroid diatoms dominating the lake. Lake Satagay has not yet reached the final stage of alaas development, but satellite imagery shows an intensification of anthropogenic land use, which in combination with future warming will likely result in a rapid desiccation of the lake.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Glacial isostatic adjustment reduces past and future Arctic subsea permafrost (2024)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Nature Communications, Springer Nature, 15(1), pp. 3232-3232, ISSN: 2041-1723
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-31
    Description: Sea-level rise submerges terrestrial permafrost in the Arctic, turning it into subsea permafrost. Subsea permafrost underlies ~ 1.8 million km2 of Arctic continental shelf, with thicknesses in places exceeding 700 m. Sea-level variations over glacial-interglacial cycles control subsea permafrost distribution and thickness, yet no permafrost model has accounted for glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA), which deviates local sea level from the global mean due to changes in ice and ocean loading. Here we incorporate GIA into a pan-Arctic model of subsea permafrost over the last 400,000 years. Including GIA significantly reduces present-day subsea permafrost thickness, chiefly because of hydro-isostatic effects as well as deformation related to Northern Hemisphere ice sheets. Additionally, we extend the simulation 1000 years into the future for emissions scenarios outlined in the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s sixth assessment report. We find that subsea permafrost is preserved under a low emissions scenario but mostly disappears under a high emissions scenario.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Author Correction: Transiting consolidated ice strongly influenced polynya area during a shrink event in Terra Nova Bay in 2013 (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Communications Earth & Environment, Springer Nature, 4(1), pp. 107-107, ISSN: 2662-4435
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: In this article the author name Matthew Mazloff was incorrectly written as Matthew Mazloeff. The original article has been corrected.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 7
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    Author Correction: A Database of Snow on Sea Ice in the Central Arctic Collected during the MOSAiC expedition (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature, 10(1), pp. 500-500, ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: Correction to: Scientific Data, published online 22 June 2023 The original version showed the wrong image for Figure 3, with the image for Figure 4 used for both. This has been corrected in the pdf and HTML versions of the article, with the correct version of Figure 3 replacing the duplicated figure. The dates in the figure captions were also incorrect and have been amended as follows: Figure 3 caption: “from 2019-10-25 - 2020-07-30” modified to “from 2019-10-25 - 2020-05-15” Figure 4 caption: “from 2020-02-25 - 2020-07-30” modified to “from 2020-06-13 - 2020-07-30”.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
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  • 8
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    A Database of Snow on Sea Ice in the Central Arctic Collected during the MOSAiC expedition (2023)
    Springer Nature
    In:  EPIC3Scientific Data, Springer Nature, 10(1), pp. 398-398, ISSN: 2052-4463
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-29
    Description: Snow plays an essential role in the Arctic as the interface between the sea ice and the atmosphere. Optical properties, thermal conductivity and mass distribution are critical to understanding the complex Arctic sea ice system’s energy balance and mass distribution. By conducting measurements from October 2019 to September 2020 on the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition, we have produced a dataset capturing the year-long evolution of the physical properties of the snow and surface scattering layer, a highly porous surface layer on Arctic sea ice that evolves due to preferential melt at the ice grain boundaries. The dataset includes measurements of snow during MOSAiC. Measurements included profiles of depth, density, temperature, snow water equivalent, penetration resistance, stable water isotope, salinity and microcomputer tomography samples. Most snowpit sites were visited and measured weekly to capture the temporal evolution of the physical properties of snow. The compiled dataset includes 576 snowpits and describes snow conditions during the MOSAiC expedition.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
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  • 9
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    Distribution of the invasive alien species Cotula coronopifolia L. (Asteraceae) relating to water halinity and sodicity in the Variconi wetland (Campania, southern Italy) (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Invasive alien species represent one of the main environmental threats to native biodiversity and can also strongly alter the biogeochemical cycles within an ecosystem. This study aims to define the distribution of the invasive alien species Cotula cor-onopifolia L. within the protected wetland "Variconi" (Campania region, southern Italy) and evaluate the potential role of water geochemical features as interpretation tools for pattern distribution. The presence of C. coronopifolia was assessed in the field, and a distribution map was drawn; concomitantly thirty-nine water samples were collected from groundwater and surface water bodies for chemical analyses. The results showed that C. coronopifolia preferentially colonized the sector of the wetland characterized by high halinity, while it is totally absent in retrodunal and sandy coastal area with very high halinity. The cartography presented can be used as a tool to help target future management interventions. Through our multidisciplinary approach, new evidence has been provided on the ecology of this invasive alien plant that occupies several wetlands worldwide. The replicability of this method may be useful to assess the level of invasion of an alien species but also to predict its evolution as a function of environmental parameters.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1653–1668
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    The temperatures recorded from January 2020 to February 2023 in the 3 Diffuse Degassing Zone of the active cone of La Fossa Caldera (2024)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-27
    Description: Active volcanoes show many mild thermal anomalies, because the ground surface is sensible to changes in the advective processes, occurring through the network of fissures. This data report shows the temperatures, recorded from January 2020 to February 2023, by a remote-controlled monitoring station. The VCS station is located on the summit of La Fossa cone (Vulcano, Aeolian Islands), in a zone of intense diffuse degassing. The temperature data, hourly registered at VCS, are available in the supplementary Excel file. The thermal data are part of the comprehensive network, performed by the Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, for volcanic surveillance. On the Island of Vulcano, the active volcanic system under la Fossa caldera has been affected by multiple exhaling crises, interpreted as unrest of volcanic activity. The temperature time series provided reference data showing the thermal transition of the volcanic ground surface from a background degassing condition, through unrest, to the new thermal condition that followed the unrest period.
    Description: OvFu 0304.010 - Italian Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri—Dipartimento della Protezione Civile
    Description: Published
    Description: 40
    Description: OSV2: Complessità dei processi vulcanici: approcci multidisciplinari e multiparametrici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: heat flux ; time series ; Unrest ; Vulcano ; diffuse degassing ; thermal monitoring
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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