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  • 1
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    PRESSurE River Chemistry Time Series (Nepal) (2024)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: River water and suspended sediment samples were collected between 2015 and 2018 from the Narayani, Saptakoshi and Sunkoshi rivers in Nepal. Samples formed part of the Perturbations of Earth Surface Processes by Large Earthquakes PRESSurE Project (https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/section/geomorphology/projects/pressure/). This project aims to better understand the role of earthquakes on earth surface processes. Hydrological stations were installed on the rivers draining the epicentral area following the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake (Mw 7.9). The stations were operated for four consecutive monsoon seasons. All stations were equipped with river stage height measurements and manned daily for sampling. A small batch of river water samples were also collected from the Narayani River. These samples were collected upstream of Narayanghat using a raft between 2015 and 2017. These samples were collected at varying depths in the river. Dissolved river water ion concentrations (N=672) and sediment-adsorbed cation concentrations (N=74) were determined. Radiogenic strontium isotopes (87Sr/86Sr) of both phases were measured for a small number of paired samples (N=9). Dissolved river water anion concentrations were measured at the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany. Dissolved river water cation concentrations were measured at GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences, Potsdam, Germany and the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Sediment-adsorbed cation concentrations and radiogenic strontium isotope ratios were measured at the Department of Earth Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
    Description: Other
    Description: This data set forms part of the Perturbations of Earth Surface Processes by Large Earthquakes PRESSurE Project (https://www.gfz-potsdam.de/en/section/geomorphology/projects/pressure/). Strong earthquakes cause transient perturbations to the near Earth’s surface system. These include widespread land-sliding, subsequent mass movement, and the loading of rivers with sediments. In addition, brittle-rock deformation occurs during the event, forming cracks that affect rock strength and hydrological conductivity. Often overlooked in the immediate aftermath of an earthquake, these perturbations can represent a major part of the overall disaster with impacts that can persist for years before restoring to background conditions. This relaxation phase is therefore part of seismically induced earthquake changes and needs to be monitored to understand the full impact on the Earth system. The fundamental questions motivating the PRESSurE project are ‘How do earthquakes impact erosion during and following seismic activity?’ and ‘What is the role of earthquakes on Himalayan landscape evolution?’. In early June, shortly after the April 2015 Gorkha earthquake, we installed twelve hydrological stations covering all rivers draining the epicentral area. Each station was equipped for daily river water and suspended sediment sampling. Samples are filtered and packed in Nepal, before being shipped to the sediment lab at GFZ for further analysis (SedLab: https://labinfrastructure.geo-x.net/laboratories/91). The sampling network is complemented by an array of seismometers, repeated satellite image observations, and on-side stage high recording. This array is optimized for the monitoring of Earth surface processes (land-sliding, mass wasting and debris flows) and for the monitoring of properties of the shallow subsurface by coda analysis. The monitoring network is the first and most complete observatory to monitor the perturbation of Earth surface process by a major earthquake.
    Type: Collection , Collection
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    DATA GFZ
  • 2
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    Machine learning based aftershock catalogs of the Mw 7.8, February 6th, 2023, Karamanmaras earthquake (2024)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: Abstract
    Description: The dataset contains three seismicity catalogs covering the first 5 days of the aftershock sequence of the Mw 7.8 Karamanmaraş and Mw 7.6 Elbistan earthquakes that occurred in Türkiye on February 6th, 2023. The catalogs are derived from machine learning (ML) approaches operating on continuous data from 38 permanent seismological stations covering the area of the aftershock sequence and span the time interval 06.02.2023-10.02.2023. The seismological stations are operated by AFAD (Disaster and Emergency Management Presidency of Turkey) and KOERI (Kandilli Observatory and Earthquake Research Institute). Automatic P- and S-phase picks were obtained using the deep learning PhaseNet software (Zhu & Beroza, 2019), and either GaMMA (Zhu et al., 2022) or GENIE (McBrearty & Beroza, 2023) routines were used to associate these phases into seismic events. The probabilitic NLLoc earthquake location software (Lomax et al., 2009) was used to produce single event locations and final relative relocations were obtained after applying the hypoDD software (Waldhauser & Ellsworth, 2000). This resulted in two single event location NLLoc aftershock catalogs based on GaMMA and GENIE event association and containing 17,550 and 14,805 event detections in the time interval 06.02.2023 01:18 UTC - 11.02.2023 00:00 UTC, respectively. The hypoDD based catalog of better constrained relative relocations contains 5,215 events. The magnitude range is between M-0.1 and M6.9 with time-variable magnitude of completeness. The catalog covers the area 36.00S-39.00S and 35.40E-40.00E. The full description of the data and methods is provided in the data description file.
    Keywords: East Anatolian Fault Zone ; Kahramanmaraş earthquake ; enhanced seismicity catalog ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 EARTHQUAKES 〉 EARTHQUAKE OCCURRENCES ; EARTH SCIENCE 〉 SOLID EARTH 〉 TECTONICS 〉 PLATE TECTONICS 〉 PLATE BOUNDARIES
    Type: Dataset , Dataset
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    DATA GFZ
  • 3
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    Chemical and isotope composition of fossil chaetognath spines and conodonts from Poland, Spitsbergen and Sweden, and chemical composition of modern chaetognath spines (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Keywords: 2016/21/B/ST10/02334; Apatite; chaetognaths; chemical data; conodonts; Origin and early development stages of conodonts and chaetognaths; Oxygen isotopes
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 4 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Pore water and peat geochemistry measured close to Rostock (Germany) in 2015 (2019)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Koebsch, Franziska; Winkel, Matthias; Liebner, Susanne; Liu, Bo; Westphal, Julia; Schmiedinger, Iris; Spitzy, Alejandro; Gehre, Matthias; Jurasinski, Gerald; Köhler, Stefan; Unger, Viktoria; Koch, Marian; Sachs, Torsten; Böttcher, Michael Ernst (2019): Sulfate deprivation triggers high methane production in a disturbed and rewetted coastal peatland. Biogeosciences, 16(9), 1937-1953, https://doi.org/10.5194/bg-16-1937-2019
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: In natural coastal wetlands, high supplies of marine sulfate suppress methanogenesis. Coastal wetlands are, however, often subject to disturbance by dyking and drainage for agricultural use and it has been shown that they can turn to potent methane sources when rewetted for remediation, suggesting that the sulfate-related methane suppressing mechanisms were suspended by the preceding land use measures. Here, we unravel the hydrological relocation and biogeochemical S and C transformation processes that induced high methane emissions in a disturbed and rewetted peatland despite former brackish impact. The underlying processes were investigated along a transect of increasing distance to the coastline using a combination of concentration patterns, stable isotope partitioning and analysis of the microbial community structure. We found that dyking and freshwater rewetting caused a distinct freshening and an efficient depletion of the brackish sulfate reservoir by dissimilatory sulfate reduction (DSR). Despite some legacy effects of brackish impact expressed as high amounts of sedimentary S and elevated electrical conductivities, contemporary metabolic processes operated mainly under sulfate-limited conditions. This opened up favorable conditions for the establishment of a prospering methanogenic community in the top 30-40 cm of peat, the structure and physiology of which resembles those of terrestrial organic-rich environments. Locally, high amounts of sulfate persisted in deeper peat layers through the suppression of DSR, probably by competitive electron acceptors of terrestrial origin, for example Fe(III), but did not interfere with high methane emissions on ecosystem scale. Our results indicate that the climate effect of disturbed and remediated coastal wetlands cannot simply be derived by analogy with their natural counterparts. From a greenhouse gas perspective, the re-exposure of dyked wetlands to natural coastal dynamics would literally open up the floodgates for a replenishment of the marine sulfate pool and constitute an efficient measure to reduce methane emissions.
    Keywords: 1; 2; 3; 4; Acid volatile sulfides; Bromide; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Chloride; Chromium reducible sulfides; Conductivity; DEPTH, soil; Event label; Huemo_1; Huemo_2; Huemo_3; Huemo_4; Hydrogen sulfide; Methane, porewater; pH; Salinity, absolute; Sodium ion; SSPP; stainless steel push-point lancet; Sulfate ion; Sulfur, organic; Sulfur, total; Sulfur, total, particulate; Water level
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 464 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    Glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) lipids and CARD-FISH data from suspended particulate matter from the central Baltic Sea (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: During expedition EMB201 in the Baltic Sea we investigated the local producers of glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) and their thriving depth by a combined 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing/ CARD-FISH and lipidomic approach. Water samples were taken in December 2018 by a pump-CTD, a giant water sampler and with Niskin bottles at the surface, suboxic and sulfidic zones of the Landsort Deep, Fårö Basin and East Gotland Basin. This data set contains the CARD-FISH and lipidomics data, while the 16S rRNA gene sequencing data is available on ENA. Cell abundance was analysed in an aliquot of 40 ml filtered (pore size 0.22 micro m) sea water fixed with particle-free formaldehyde. Archaeal cells on the filters were specifically hybridized via catalysed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) using the Cren537 probe. Cells on the hybridized filter were counter-stained with 40,6-diamidin-2-phenylindol (DAPI). For lipid analysis, 150–600 L sea water were filtered with a flow rate of 1.5 L min-1 on pre-ashed, 142-mm-diameter, 0.7µm pore size glass fibre GF/F filters, and frozen at –20 °C. The filters were lyophilized before different extraction methods were used to obtain intact and core GDGTs by ultra-sonification in different solvent mixtures. The combined supernatants were phase separated before analysis by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS2) for intact polar lipids and by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry (HPLC APCI-MS; ThermoScientific) for core GDGTs.
    Keywords: Archaea; Baltic Sea; BaltRap; BUCKET; Bucket water sampling; CARD-FISH; Catalyzed reporter deposition fluorescence in situ hybridisation (CARD-FISH); Cells, 4',6-Diamidin-2-phenylindol stained; Core acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Core crenarchaeol; Core crenarchaeol regio-isomer; Core dicyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; core lipids; Core monocyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Core tricyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Crenarchaeota, targeted with Cren537 oligonucleotide FISH-probe; CTD, Sea-Bird, SBE 911plus; CTD/Rosette; CTD-RO; DATE/TIME; DEPTH, water; Dihexose acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Dihexose-archaeol; Dihexose crenarchaeol; Dihexose dicyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Dihexose monocyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Dihexose tricyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Eastern Gotland Basin; Elisabeth Mann Borgese; EMB201; EMB201_10-3; EMB201_10-9; EMB201_12-0; EMB201_12-4; EMB201_12-5; EMB201_5-3; EMB201_7-0; EMB201_7-1; EMB201_9-0; EMB201_9-1; Event label; Fårö Basin; glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers; GOFLO; Go-Flo bottles; GPUMP; High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), Waters Corporation, Alliance 2690; coupled with Triple quadrupole tandem mass spectrometer (LC-MS/MS), Micromass, Quattro LC; Intact polar lipids; Landsort Deep; LATITUDE; LC-MS/MS; Location; LONGITUDE; Monohexose acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Monohexose-archaeol; Monohexose crenarchaeol; Monohexose crenarchaeol regio-isomer; Monohexose dicyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Monohexose-macroarchaeol; Monohexose monocyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Monohexose tricyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Other event; Oxygen, dissolved; Phosphohexose acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Phosphohexose crenarchaeol; Phosphohexose dicyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Phosphohexose monocyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Phosphohexose tricyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Sample code/label; Ships non-toxic pump; Site; Stat. 06; Stat. TF 271 Stat. 4; Station 04 (TF 271); Station 09; Station label; Temperature, water; Ultra high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC), Dionex Corporation, UltiMate 3000 RS; coupled with Single quadrupole mass spectrometer, Thermo Scientific, MSQ Plus
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 371 data points
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  • 6
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    Seismic refraction and wide-angle reflection OBS data from profile P05 during SONNE cruise SO267 (ARCHIMEDES), Lau Basin (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: The dataset contains ocean bottom hydrophone (OBH) data acquired along profile P05 during RV Sonne Expedition SO267 (project ARCHIMEDES) to the Lau Basin, Southwestern Pacific in December 2018. This seismic refraction data set contains 34 OBS that all recorded the shots along the ~220 km long seismic transect successfully. Data for two different shot intervals (50m and 150m) were acquired shooting from east to west and from west to east respectively. An 84 l airgun array served as seismic source that was towed behind the vessel 8 m below sea surface. The data were processed using standard methods for relocation of the instrument at the seafloor, clock drift correction, deconvolution and filtering.
    Keywords: back-arc basins; BGR18-205; P05; BGR18-2R5; P5; Binary Object; Binary Object (File Size); Elevation of event; Event label; File content; Latitude of event; Lau Basin; Longitude of event; MCSEIS; Multichannel seismics; OBS; OBS501; OBS502; OBS503; OBS504; OBS505; OBS506; OBS507; OBS508; OBS509; OBS510; OBS511; OBS512; OBS513; OBS514; OBS515; OBS516; OBS517; OBS518; OBS519; OBS520; OBS521; OBS522; OBS523; OBS524; OBS525; OBS526; OBS527; OBS528; OBS529; OBS530; OBS531; OBS532; OBS533; OBS534; ocean-bottom-hydrophones; Ocean bottom seismometer; ocean-bottom seismometer; Optional event label; seismic data; seismic refraction; Seismic refraction profile; Seismic wide-angle reflection and refraction data; SEISREFR; SGY; SO267; SO267_42-1; SO267_42-10; SO267_42-11; SO267_42-12; SO267_42-13; SO267_42-14; SO267_42-15; SO267_42-16; SO267_42-17; SO267_42-18; SO267_42-19; SO267_42-2; SO267_42-20; SO267_42-21; SO267_42-22; SO267_42-23; SO267_42-24; SO267_42-25; SO267_42-26; SO267_42-27; SO267_42-28; SO267_42-29; SO267_42-3; SO267_42-30; SO267_42-31; SO267_42-32; SO267_42-33; SO267_42-34; SO267_42-4; SO267_42-5; SO267_42-6; SO267_42-7; SO267_42-8; SO267_42-9; SO267_43-1; SO267_44-1; Sonne_2
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 144 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Basic and other measurements of radiation at station Tateno (1996-02) (2007)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Aerological Observatory, Japan Meteorological Agency
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Keywords: Air temperature at 2 m height; BARO; Barometer; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; DATE/TIME; Diffuse radiation; Direct radiation; HEIGHT above ground; Humidity, relative; HYGRO; Hygrometer; Japan; Long-wave downward radiation; Long-wave upward radiation; Monitoring station; MONS; Pyranometer, EKO, MS-801, SN F87021, WRMC No. 16001; Pyranometer, EKO, MS-801, SN F87023, WRMC No. 16003; Pyrgeometer, Eppley, PIR, SN 29460F3, WRMC No. 16009; Pyrgeometer, Eppley, PIR, SN 30700F3, WRMC No. 16010; Pyrheliometer, Eppley, NIP, SN 26662E6, WRMC No. 16007; Short-wave upward (REFLEX) radiation; Station pressure; TAT; Tateno; Thermometer
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 192364 data points
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  • 8
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    Long-Term Agricultural Land-Cover Change and Potential for Cropland Expansion (2016)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Kraemer, Roland; Prishchepov, Alexander V; Müller, Daniel; Kuemmerle, Tobias; Radeloff, Volker C; Dara, Andrey; Terekhov, E P; Terekhov, Alexey; Frühauf, Manfred (2015): Long-term agricultural land-cover change and potential for cropland expansion in the former Virgin Lands area of Kazakhstan. Environmental Research Letters, 10(5), 054012, https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/10/5/054012
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Description: During the Soviet Virgin Lands Campaign, approximately 23 million hectares (Mha) of Eurasian steppe grassland were converted into cropland in Northern Kazakhstan from 1954 to 1963. As a result Kazakhstan became an important breadbasket of the former Soviet Union. However, the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 triggered widespread agricultural abandonment, and much cropland reverted to grasslands. Our goal in this study was to reconstruct and analyze agricultural land-cover change since the eve of the Virgin Lands Campaign, from 1953 to 2010 in Kostanay Province, a region that is representative of Northern Kazakhstan. Further, we assessed the potential of currently idle cropland for re-cultivation. We reconstructed the cropland extent before and after the Virgin Lands Campaign using archival maps, and we mapped the agricultural land cover in the late Soviet and post-Soviet period using multi-seasonal Landsat TM/ETM+ images from circa 1990, 2000 and 2010. Cropland extent peaked at approximately 3.1 Mha in our study area in 1990, 38% of which had been converted from grasslands from 1954 to 1961. After the collapse of the Soviet Union, 45% of the Soviet cropland was abandoned and had reverted to grassland by 2000. After 2000, cropland contraction and re-cultivation were balanced. Using spatial logistic regressions we found that cropland expansion during the Virgin Lands Campaign was significantly associated with favorable agro-environmental conditions. In contrast, cropland expansion after the Campaign until 1990, as well as cropland contraction after 1990, occurred mainly in areas that were less favorable for agriculture. Cropland re-cultivation after 2000 was occurring on lands with relatively favorable agro-environmental conditions in comparison to remaining idle croplands, albeit with much lower agro-environmental endowment compared to stable croplands from 1990 to 2010. In sum, we found that cropland production potentials of the currently uncultivated areas are much lower than commonly believed, and further cropland expansion is only possible at the expense of marginal lands. Our results suggest if increasing production is a goal, improving crop yields in currently cultivated lands should be a focus, whereas extensive livestock grazing as well as the conservation of non-provisioning ecosystem services and biodiversity should be priority on more marginal lands.
    Keywords: File content; File format; File name; File size; Kazakhstan; Uniform resource locator/link to file
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 10 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Basic and other measurements of radiation at station Tateno (1996-04) (2007)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Aerological Observatory, Japan Meteorological Agency
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Keywords: Air temperature at 2 m height; BARO; Barometer; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; DATE/TIME; Diffuse radiation; Direct radiation; Direct radiation, maximum; Direct radiation, minimum; Direct radiation, standard deviation; HEIGHT above ground; Humidity, relative; HYGRO; Hygrometer; Japan; Long-wave downward radiation; Long-wave upward radiation; Monitoring station; MONS; Pyranometer, EKO, MS-801, SN F87021, WRMC No. 16001; Pyranometer, EKO, MS-801, SN F87023, WRMC No. 16003; Pyrgeometer, Eppley, PIR, SN 29460F3, WRMC No. 16009; Pyrgeometer, Eppley, PIR, SN 30700F3, WRMC No. 16010; Pyrheliometer, Kipp & Zonen, CH1, SN 950093, WRMC No. 16011; Short-wave upward (REFLEX) radiation; Station pressure; TAT; Tateno; Thermometer
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 347742 data points
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    Basic and other measurements of radiation at station Tateno (1996-06) (2007)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Aerological Observatory, Japan Meteorological Agency
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-30
    Keywords: Air temperature at 2 m height; BARO; Barometer; Baseline Surface Radiation Network; BSRN; DATE/TIME; Diffuse radiation; Direct radiation; Direct radiation, maximum; Direct radiation, minimum; Direct radiation, standard deviation; HEIGHT above ground; Humidity, relative; HYGRO; Hygrometer; Japan; Long-wave downward radiation; Long-wave upward radiation; Monitoring station; MONS; Pyranometer, EKO, MS-801, SN F87023, WRMC No. 16003; Pyranometer, EKO, MS-801, SN F95127, WRMC No. 16012; Pyrgeometer, Eppley, PIR, SN 29460F3, WRMC No. 16009; Pyrgeometer, Eppley, PIR, SN 30700F3, WRMC No. 16010; Pyrheliometer, Kipp & Zonen, CH1, SN 950093, WRMC No. 16011; Short-wave upward (REFLEX) radiation; Station pressure; TAT; Tateno; Thermometer
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 347758 data points
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