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  • 04.06. Seismology  (16)
  • SSA  (14)
  • Wiley
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  • 1
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    The micro‐seismicity of Co. Donegal (Ireland): Defining baseline seismicity in a region of slow lithospheric deformation (2024)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: A catalogue of precisely located micro-seismicity is fundamental for investigating seismicity and rock physical properties in active tectonic and volcanic regions and for the definition of a ‘baseline’ seismicity, required for a safe future exploitation of georesource areas. In this study, we produce the first manually revised catalogue of micro-seismicity for Co. Donegal region (Ireland), an area of about 50K M2 of on-going deformation, aimed at localizing natural micro-seismic events occurred between 2012 and 2015. We develop a stochastic method based on a Markov chain Monte Carlo (McMC) sampling approach to compute earthquake hypocentral location parameters. Our results indicates that micro-seismicity is present with magnitudes lower than 2 (the highest magnitude is 2.8).The recorded seismicity is almost clustered along previously mapped NE-SW trending, steeply dipping faults and confined within the upper crust (focal depth less than 10 km). We also recorded anthropogenic seismicity mostly related to quarries' activity in the study area.
    Description: Published
    Description: 62-76
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
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    Pseudoprospective Evaluation of the Foreshock Traffic-Light System in Ridgecrest and Implications for Aftershock Hazard Assessment (2020)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: The Mw 7.1 Ridgecrest earthquake sequence in California in July 2019 offered an opportunity to evaluate in near‐real time the temporal and spatial variations in the average earthquake size distribution (the b‐value) and the performance of the newly introduced foreshock traffic‐light system. In normally decaying aftershock sequences, in the past studies, the b‐value of the aftershocks was found, on average, to be 10%–30% higher than the background b‐value. A drop of 10% or more in “aftershock” b‐values was postulated to indicate that the region is still highly stressed and that a subsequent larger event is likely. In this Ridgecrest case study, after analyzing the magnitude of completeness of the sequences, we find that the quality of the monitoring network is excellent, which allows us to determine reliable b‐values over a large range of magnitudes within hours of the two mainshocks. We then find that in the hours after the first Mw 6.4 Ridgecrest event, the b‐value drops by 23% on average, compared to the background value, triggering a red foreshock traffic light. Spatially mapping the changes in b-values, we identify an area to the north of the rupture plane as the most likely location of a subsequent event. After the second, magnitude 7.1 mainshock, which did occur in that location as anticipated, the b‐value increased by 26% over the background value, triggering a green traffic light. Finally, comparing the 2019 sequence with the Mw 5.8 sequence in 1995, in which no mainshock followed, we find a b‐value increase of 29% after the mainshock. Our results suggest that the real‐time monitoring of b‐values is feasible in California and may add important information for aftershock hazard assessment.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2828-2842
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: 7T. Variazioni delle caratteristiche crostali e precursori sismici
    Description: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 3
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    Inhomogeneity of Macroseismic Intensities in Italy and Consequences for Macroseismic Magnitude Estimation (2021)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-11-16
    Description: We show that macroseismic intensities assessed in Italy in the last decade are not homogeneous with those of the previous periods. This is partly related to the recent adoption of the European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) in place of the Mercalli–Cancani–Sieberg (MCS) scale used up to about one decade ago. The underestimation of EMS with respect to MCS is about a half of a degree on average and, even more significant, if the MCS intensities are estimated according to the approach developed for the quick evaluations of damage by macroseismic seismologists of the Italian Department of Civil Protection. We also show the inhomogeneity over time of the average differences between instrumental and macroseismic magnitudes computed from intensity data, indicating an average overestimation of magnitudes of about 0.3 units for the instrumental ones before year 1960 and of about 0.2 units for the macroseismic ones after such date. This is consistent with previous studies that hypothesized the incorrect calibration of mechanical recording seismometers operating in Italy and in the surrounding countries before the introduction of the standard electromagnetic seismometers from the beginning of 1960s. For such reasons, the magnitudes of preinstrumental earthquakes in the Catalogo Parametrico dei Terremoti Italiani seismic catalog, used for the most recent seismic hazard assessment in Italy, might be overestimated, on average, by about 0.1–0.2 magnitude units.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2234-2244
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 4
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    Rethinking the seismic history of the Gulf of Patti (NE Sicily, Italy): new insights from the local historical archives (2021)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-24
    Description: Improving the knowledge of the seismic history of a region plays a key role in the evaluation of recurrence relations for probabilistic seismic hazard analyses. In this study we present the results of an investigation carried out in two local historical archives in NE Sicily, Italy. Several letters, petitions, and reports describing the effects of some earthquakes that occurred between the 17th and the 18th centuries in the Gulf of Patti area were found and analyzed. This contributed to filling the knowledge gap about a series of moderate-to-large seismic events that were overshadowed by catastrophic earthquakes with major impact both on human losses and cultural heritage damages. We describe this experience in the hope that other historians will take up the work, looking for other NE Sicily local archives to investigate because we believe this is the right way toward a better definition of the seismic history of one of the most seismically active regions of Italy.
    Description: INGV Sezione di Milano
    Description: Published
    Description: 1011–1025
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: North Eastern Sicily ; Historical earthquakes ; Gulf of Patti ; Patti ; Patti historical archives ; Historical seismology ; Historical research ; Seismic risk ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 5
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    ShakeMap4‐Web: Web Application for ShakeMap 4 Product Visualization (2022)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-12-01
    Description: We present a web portal for the prompt visualization of the maps of ground shaking generated using the USGS ShakeMap 4 software (Worden et al., 2020). The web interface renders the standard products provided by ShakeMap dynamically (using Leaflet) and statically (standard shakemaps). The information included in the dynamic maps can be onfigured through different overlays. The dual view rendering modality allows presenting side-by-side maps of different intensity measurements. In addition, for each earthquake, it is possible to download all the data that contributed to the calculation, together with information on the seismological models adopted. The appearance of the web portal is easily configurable by replacing the logo and banners. The software can be installed both on laptops and on server computers. The user can opt between the docker image or installation of the software after installation of a web server (e.g., NGINX or Apache).
    Description: Published
    Description: 3481–3488
    Description: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale e Early Warning Sismico e da Tsunami
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: shaking ; intensity ; macroseismic ; impact ; terremoto ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 6
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    EIDA: The European Integrated Data Archive and Service Infrastructure within ORFEUS (2022)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-08
    Description: The European Integrated Data Archive (EIDA) is the infrastructure that provides access to the seismic‐waveform archives collected by European agencies. This distributed system is managed by Observatories and Research Facilities for European Seismology. EIDA provides seamless access to seismic data from 12 data archives across Europe by means of standard services, exposing data on behalf of hundreds of network operators and research organizations. More than 12,000 stations from permanent and temporary networks equipped with seismometers, accelerometers, pressure sensors, and other sensors are accessible through the EIDA federated services. A growing user base currently counting around 3000 unique users per year has been requesting data and using EIDA services. The EIDA system is designed to scale up to support additional new services, data types, and nodes. Data holdings, services, and user numbers have grown substantially since the establishment of EIDA in 2013. EIDA is currently active in developing suitable data management approaches for new emerging technologies (e.g., distributed acoustic sensing) and challenges related to big datasets. This article reviews the evolution of EIDA, the current data holdings, and service portfolio, and gives an outlook on the current developments and the future envisaged challenges.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1788-1795
    Description: 4IT. Banche dati
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Seismic waveforms ; repository dati ; Euroean Integrated Data archive ; EIDA ; EPOS ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 7
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    Deterministic 3D Ground-Motion Simulations (0–5 Hz) and Surface Topography Effects of the 30 October 2016 Mw 6.5 Norcia, Italy, Earthquake (2022)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-25
    Description: TheMw6.5 Norcia, Italy, earthquake occurred on 30 October 2016 and caused extensive damage to buildings in the epicentral area. The earthquake was recorded by a network of strong-motion stations, including 14 stations located within a 5 km distance from the two causative faults. We used a numerical approach for generating seismic waves from two-hybrid deterministic and stochastic kinematic fault rupture models propagating through a 3D Earth model derived from seismic tomography and local geology. The broadband simulations were performed in the 0–5 Hz frequency range using a physics-based deterministic approach modeling the earthquake rupture and elastic wave propagation. We used SW4, a finite-difference code that uses a conforming curvilinear mesh, designed to model surface topography with high numerical accuracy. The simulations reproduce the amplitude and duration of observed near-fault ground motions. Our results also suggest that due to the local fault-slip pattern and upward rupture directivity, the spatial pattern of the horizontal near-fault ground motion generated during the earthquake was complex and characterized by several local minima and maxima. Some of these local ground-motion maxima in the near-fault region were not observed because of the sparse station coverage. The simulated peak ground velocity (PGV) is higher than both the recorded PGV and predicted PGV based on empirical models for several areas located above the fault planes. Ground motions calculated with and without surface topography indicate that, on average, the local topography amplifies the ground-motion velocity by30%. There is a correlation between the PGV and local topography, with the PGV being higher at hilltops. In contrast, spatial variations of simulated PGA do not correlate with the surface topography. Simulated ground motions are important for seismic hazard and engineering assessments for areas that lack seismic station coverage and historicalrecordings from large damaging earthquakes.
    Description: Published
    Description: 262–286
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Deterministic 3D Ground-Motion Simulations ; Surface Topography Effects ; 30 October 2016Mw6.5 Norcia, Italy, ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 8
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    Contamination of Frequency–Magnitude Slope (b-Value) by Quarry Blasts: An Example for Italy (2022)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-11
    Description: Artifacts often affect seismic catalogs. Among them, the presence of man-made contaminations such as quarry blasts and explosions is a well-known problem. Using a contaminated dataset reduces the statistical significance of results and can lead to erroneous conclusions, thus the removal of such nonnatural events should be the first step for a data analyst. Blasts misclassified as natural earthquakes, indeed, may artificially alter the seismicity rates and then the b-value of the Gutenberg and Richter relationship, an essential ingredient of several forecasting models. At present, datasets collect useful information beyond the parameters to locate the earthquakes in space and time, allowing the users to discriminate between natural and nonnatural events. However, selecting them from webservices queries is neither easy nor clear, and part of such supplementary but fundamental information can be lost during downloading. As a consequence, most of statistical seismologists ignore the presence in seismic catalog of explosions and quarry blasts and assume that they were not located by seismic networks or in case they were eliminated. We here show the example of the Italian Seismological Instrumental and Parametric Database. What happens when artificial seismicity is mixed with natural one?
    Description: Real‐time earthquake rIsk reduction for a reSilient Europe (RISE) project, funded by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under Grant Agreement Number 821115 and partially funded by the Pianeta Dinamico‐Working Earth INGV‐MUR project
    Description: Published
    Description: 3538-3551
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    What Is an Exceptional Earthquake? (2022)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-02
    Description: Opinion paper
    Description: On 8 September 2020, the Italian media reported that the Court of Rieti, central Italy, found guilty with imprisonment between five and nine years the five defendants for the collapse of two public housing buildings and the death of 18 people, following the 24 August 2016 Mw 6.0 Amatrice earthquake; the first of a long-lasting earth- quake sequence featuring nine Mw 〉 5 events, the largest being an Mw 6.5 near the town of Norcia (Fig. 1b,c). The court rejected a claim of exceptionality of the ground shaking put forward by the defendants and stated that the collapse was caused by “... well-identified design and building flaws, violating specific legal provisions and technical construction standards....”
    Description: Published
    Description: 3309–3315
    Description: 4T. Sismicità dell'Italia
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Exceptional earthquakes ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Is an Earthquake Felt Inside a Car? (2021)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-12-15
    Description: The analysis of how an earthquake is felt was addressed with the data provided by citizens through a website dedicated to the perception of earthquakes in Italy (Data and Resources). The analysis focused on the perception of earthquakes by observers inside both parked and moving cars. These situations were compared with outdoor ones. The felt percentage of each situation was quantified for epicentral distance ranges and European Macroseismic Scale (EMS) degree. One of the main findings was the greatest sensitivity to shaking for people inside parked cars due to resonance phenomena of the automobile–observer system. The distribution of the intensity of perception in the car was analyzed as a function of the hypocentral distance and the magnitude of the earthquake. It was possible to define the attenuation trends of these intensities. The comparison of these trends with those of the equations for estimation of response spectral ordinates allowed us to have an evaluation of the frequency values of the seismic waves that caused the vibrations felt, which were found to agree with the typical frequencies of the car–observer system, as highlighted by independent studies. The results of this analysis show the possibility to include the perception of the earthquake inside a parked and moving car among the diagnostics used in the definition of macroseismic intensity degree of the EMS.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2028–2035
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: 5SR TERREMOTI - Convenzioni derivanti dall'Accordo Quadro decennale INGV-DPC
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: macroseismics ; questionnaires ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 11
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    Caravel: A New Earthworm-Based Open-Source Development for the Italian Seismic Monitoring System (2021)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-08-30
    Description: The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) is in charge of earthquake monitoring and surveillance in the Italian territory as a part of the civil protection sys- tem. Technological improvements in the last years were taken into account for devel- oping new protocols and software to upgrade all the procedures in the monitoring centers. Real-time earthquake evaluation consists of phase picks, preliminary and auto- matic hypocenters, local magnitudes and ground-motion parameters. The real-time analysis system presently in use at INGV is the starting point for a new multitier com- pound system that relies on four main components: an automatic earthquake detection and location system based on Earthworm; a new seismological relational database for parametric data; a full set of new webservices application programming interface spec- ifications to share information and provide data at the application level and; finally, a set of multiplatform interactive revision tools developed to analyze, store, use, and dis- tribute the seismic parameters in real time. These last three components are being com- pletely developed ex-novo at INGV in Rome. Such a system has been engineered to communicate with the International Federation of Digital Seismic Networks standard webservices as well as custom home-made INGV services. Through its custom embedded features Caravel will allow the INGV personnel on duty for seismic surveillance to evaluate and review all automatic estimations before they are communicated to the Italian civil protection agency and then published by external tools through e-mail, SMS, Twitter, and webpages.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1738–1746
    Description: 8T. Sismologia in tempo reale e Early Warning Sismico e da Tsunami
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: realtime seismology, earthquake revision, web services, ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 12
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    Geopsy: A User-Friendly Open-Source Tool Set for Ambient Vibration Processing (2021)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-01-04
    Description: Ambient vibrations are nowadays considerably used worldwide for numerous types of engineering applications and scientific research. Geopsy and its companion tools are part of that landscape. Since the first release of the program package in 2005, as outcome of the European Union project Site Effects aSsessment from AMbient noisE, Geopsy has become a mature multiplatform open-source package (released under GNU Public License version 3) that has already been recognized as a reference tool for analyzing ambient vibration data in the context of site characterization studies. The community of users has grown from a core group of researchers up to thousands of seismologists and engineers on every career level and on all continents. The versatility of geopsy allows for the processing of all kinds of data needed in site characterization studies, that is, from single station single trace to three-component array recordings. In all of the aforementioned cases, the steps from field acquisition to the production of publication-ready figures are covered and supported by user-friendly graphical user interfaces or corresponding command-line tools for the automation of the complete processing chain. To avoid black-box usage, a number of lower-level tools guarantee maximum flexibility in accessing and controlling processing results at any stage of the analysis
    Description: Published
    Description: 1878–1889
    Description: 5T. Sismologia, geofisica e geologia per l'ingegneria sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 04.02. Exploration geophysics ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 13
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    Epistemic Uncertainties in Local Earthquake Locations and Implications for Managing Induced Seismicity (2020)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-12
    Description: Earthquake hypocentral location is perhaps the most classical problem in seismology, the solution of which is often affected by significant uncertainty. In monitoring the effects of underground anthropogenic activities, the earthquake hypocentral location, magnitude, and ground motions are important parameters for managing induced seismicity (as e.g., for operating traffic‐light systems). Such decisional systems define the operative reactions to be enacted once an earthquake, exceeding some magnitude or ground‐motion threshold, occurs within a monitoring volume defined in the neighborhood of a certain anthropogenic underground activity. In this case, a reliable evaluation of the hypocentral location, along with its uncertainty, becomes crucial for rational decision making. In this article, we analyze different sources of uncertainty that can be relevant for the determination of earthquake source locations, and introduce a logic‐tree‐based ensemble modeling approach for framing the problem in a decision‐making context. To demonstrate the performance of the proposed approach, we analyze uncertainties in the location of a seismic event that occurred on 22 July 2019 within the perimeter of the monitoring domain defined in the Val d’Agri oil field (southern Italy). We cast the result as a model ensemble that allows us to obtain samples from a parent distribution that better represents both aleatory and epistemic uncertainties of the earthquake location problem. We find that often‐neglected epistemic uncertainties (i.e., those that arise when considering alternative plausible modeling approaches or data) can be considerably larger and more representative of the state of knowledge about the source location, than the standard errors usually reported by the most common algorithms. Given the consequential repercussions of decision making under uncertainty, we stress that an objective evaluation of epistemic uncertainties associated with any parameter used to support decisional processes must be a priority for the scientific community.
    Description: Centro per il Monitoraggio delle attività di Sottosuolo (CMS).
    Description: Published
    Description: 2423–2440
    Description: 3SR TERREMOTI - Attività dei Centri
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Earthquake location ; uncertainty ; Traffic light systems ; Decision making ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 14
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    Nine Major Earthquakes in the United States of the Ionian Islands, 1815–1864 (2020)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-12
    Description: Nine major earthquakes that affected the islands of Corfu, Paxoi, Lefkada, Kephalonia, Ithaca, and Zakynthos in the Ionian Sea offshore western Greece at the time of British Protectorate of the United States of the Ionian Islands (1815–1864) have been reappraised by means of a systematic investigation of contemporary, locally produced documents of diverse typologies. With an in-depth study of the earthquakes attested by multiple observations, this article complements and concludes the research focused on 50 yr of seismic records that was introduced by my recent companion article on the solitary records of earthquake effects throughout the Ionian Islands. Although some earthquakes discussed in this article had already been studied and interpreted in modern times, the exclusive use of carefully contextualized and independent records of earthquake effects allowed the author to overcome the imprecisions of preceding interpretations. Because of the exhaustive documentation, this study proposes a different vision of the characteristics of these nine major earthquakes from their dates of occurrence to newly assigned sets of intensity data.
    Description: Published
    Description: 3595–3611
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seismicity ; historical seismology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 15
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    Documenting Earthquakes in the United States of the Ionian Islands, 1815–1864 (2020)
    SSA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-10-16
    Description: The seven islands of Corfu, Paxoi, Kephalonia, Ithaca, Lefkada, Zakynthos, and Cythera (Ionian Sea, offshore western Greece) were a British protectorate with the name of “United States of the Ionian Islands” between 1815 and 1864. Although many earthquake studies have already examined the past seismicity of this area, they contain only a few data for a handful of earthquakes, for an area known to be characterized by a high level of seismicity. Against this fragmentary seismological knowledge stands a 50 yr abundant production of local documentary sources of different types and in diverse languages. For this reason and because most of the available sources had not been yet nor systematically looked into in the search for testimonies of earthquake effects, an ad hoc and comprehensive investigation was carried out. The number of records on earthquake effects is huge as well as unexpected, and the quality of the collected records is high. The 147 new macroseismic European Macroseismic Scale 1998 intensity values, accurately assigned on the basis of independent contemporary records only, are presented in the form of timelines of earthquake effects for the main towns of the four islands of Corfu, Kephalonia, Lefkada, and Zakynthos. Besides partially amending the gaps of the knowledge of these 50 yr of seismicity in the Ionian Islands, the great amount of freshly collected data suggests that historical seismological research may effectively contribute to improving the seismic scenarios of past earthquakes in many areas of the world.
    Description: Published
    Description: 2554-2562
    Description: 6T. Studi di pericolosità sismica e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: seismicity ; historical seismology ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 16
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    Fine‐Scale Structure of the 2016–2017 Central Italy Seismic Sequence From Data Recorded at the Italian National Network (2020)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-25
    Description: We explore the three‐dimensional structure of the 2016–2017 Central Italy sequence using ~34,000 ML ≥ 1.5 earthquakes that occurred between August 2016 and January 2018. We applied cross‐correlation and double‐difference location methods to waveform and parametric data routinely produced at the Italian National Institute of Geophysics and Volcanology. The sequence activated an 80 km long system of normal faults and near‐horizontal detachment faults through the MW 6.0 Amatrice, the MW 5.9 Visso, and the MW 6.5 Norcia mainshocks and aftershocks. The system has an average strike of N155°E and dips 38°–55° southwestward and is segmented into 15–30 km long faults individually activated by the cascade of MW ≥ 5.0 shocks. The two main normal fault segments, Mt. Vettore‐Mt. Bove to the North and Mt. della Laga to the South, are separated by an NNE‐SSW‐trending lateral ramp of the Sibillini thrust, a regional structure inherited from the previous compressional tectonic phase putting into contact diverse lithologies with different seismicity patterns. Space‐time reconstruction of the fault system supports a composite rupture scenario previously proposed for the MW 6.5 Norcia earthquake, where the rupture possibly propagated also along an oblique portion of the Sibillini thrust. This dissected set of normal fault segments is bounded at 8–10 km depth by a continuous 2 km thick seismicity layer of extensional nature slightly dipping eastward and interpreted as a shear zone. All three mainshocks in the sequence nucleated along the high‐angle planes at significant distance from the shear zone, thus complicating the interpretation of the mechanisms driving strain partitioning between these structures.
    Description: Published
    Description: e2019JB018440
    Description: 3T. Sorgente sismica
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: normal fault ; shear zone ; fault segmentation ; apennines ; 04.06. Seismology
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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