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  • Articles  (534)
  • Blackwell Publishing Ltd
  • Chemistry and Pharmacology  (534)
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  • Articles  (534)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF FORGETTING ON VARIOUS PROTOCOLS FOR CATEGORY AND LINE SCALES OF INTENSITY (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 16 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Judges rated the intensity of NaCl solutions and orange drinks of varying sweetness using category scales and line scales. They performed under four response conditions that varied in reliance on memory: (1) verbal response (2) written response with no retasting and the response sheet removed (3) written response with a single response sheet which allowed past scores to be reviewed and amended but with no retasting (4) the same as ‘3’ but with retasting. Discrimination errors decreased from conditions ‘1’ through ‘4’ indicating how allowing judges to ‘refresh the memory’ improved discrimination. The cognitive processes involved in rating and consequences for scaling protocols and the experimental design for descriptive analysis are discussed in the light of these findings.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2001.tb00305.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF SWEETENER, SWEETENER CONCENTRATION, AND FRUIT FLAVOR ON SENSORY PROPERTIES OF SOY FORTIFIED YOGURT (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 16 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effects of sweetener type, sweetener concentration, and fruit flavor on the sensory attributes of soy fortified yogurt were determined. Soy fortified dairy yogurts were made by the addition of soy protein concentrate (0, 2.5, 5%) to standard yogurt mixes prior to fermentation. Sweetener type (sucrose, fructose, sucrose/fructose) and sweetener concentration (6, 8, 10%) were incorporated into yogurts in a split plot experiment with soy concentration as a subplot factor. Flavor effects (plain, lemon, strawberry) were studied in a 3 × 3 factorial experiment (soy concentration × flavor). A trained descriptive panel (n=13) evaluated yogurts for seven flavor and aroma terms. Sweetener type had no effect on sensory properties with the exception of perceived sweetness. Soy flavors and astringency decreased with increasing sweetener concentration. Fruit flavors decreased soy aromas, soy flavors, and astringency in yogurts containing soy protein. These results indicate that sweetener concentration and fruit flavors play a crucial role in formulating yogurts fortified with soy protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2001.tb00309.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTIVENESS OF RINSES IN ALLEVIATING BITTERNESS AND ASTRINGENCY RESIDUALS IN MODEL SOLUTIONS (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 16 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A two-part study determined the effectiveness of gum-based rinses with or without oil for alleviating residuals of a bitter (0.8 g/L caffeine solution) and an astringent (1g/L alum solution) stimuli in serial responses using a sip and spit method. In Experiment 1, rinsing with deionized water was compared to rinsing with 0.3% xanthan gum in water alone or with 5% corn oil and 0.55% carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) in water alone or with 5% or 10% corn oil. The 0.3% xanthan gum and 5% corn oil mixture resulted in the highest stimulus intensity difference before and after rinsing, whereas 0.55% CMC had a value of nearly zero for residual effect. Results of a two-alternative forced choice test used in Experiment 2 indicated that both were equally effective for reducing bitterness residuals, but 0.55% CMC solution resulted in the lowest (p=0.007) residual effect for astringency. Therefore, the 0.55% CMC rinse was considered an effective interstimulus rinse to use for assessing both bitterness and astringency in model solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2001.tb00300.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE β-STRATEGY: AN ALTERNATIVE AND POWERFUL COGNITIVE STRATEGY WHEN PERFORMING SENSORY DISCRIMINATION TESTS (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 16 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: For discrimination tests not requiring the nature of the difference to be specified in the instructions, such as the triangle, duo-trio and same-different protocols, it is usually assumed that the decision rule used by the subject in order to generate an answer involves the comparison of the relative sensory distances between the samples. However, there is evidence that an alternative cognitive strategy, the β-strategy, involving the absolute categorization of the sensations could be used by the subject when performing these protocols. This paper introduces the characteristics of this alternative strategy by discussing its statistical power (higher than the traditional strategies) and by describing means of investigating which strategy is used by the subject during an experiment as well as illustrating the experimental conditions that might facilitate the use of this particular decision rule.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2001.tb00303.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INTERACTION OF ASTRINGENCY AND TASTE CHARACTERISTICS (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 16 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The perception of astringency and basic taste in mixtures and their interaction effects were investigated by two procedures. In Experiment 1, focused and nonfocused testing procedures were compared using mixtures of low and high concentrations of alum and basic taste solutions. Both procedures yielded taste and astringency intensities that were modality-dependent. Nonfocused testing was used in Experiment 2 to investigate the interactions of astringent phenolic (tannic acid) and nonphenolic (alum) compounds with each basic taste. Sweetness of sucrose increased with increased concentration with or without alum or tannin present. Changes in salty, bitter, and sour taste intensities were modality-dependent. Astringency either remained unchanged or decreased with the addition of sucrose, sodium chloride, citric acid, or caffeine depending upon the taste concentration. Bitterness of tannin and alum at high concentrations was suppressed by the addition of sucrose, sodium chloride, or citric acid; sourness also decreased in the presence of sucrose or sodium chloride as well as a high level of caffeine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2001.tb00295.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EVALUATION OF WINE COMPETITION JUDGE PERFORMANCE USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT SIMILARITY ANALYSIS (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 16 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Principal component similarity (PCS) analysis was used to evaluate judge performance from a wine competition. Data were analyzed for five international judges and seven wine makers, for 42 white, 30 red and 25 specialty wines, using a 20-point quality scoring system. Principal similarity plots were used to group judges according to judging 'style’ and to identify outliers, for each wine category. Judge groupings were consistent when three different references were used; however, the most interpretable PCS plot was obtained when the overall mean-judge-score was used as the reference. Results from PCS were compared to principal component analysis (PCA). PCS analysis allowed the information from all significant principal components to be graphically represented in two dimensions and was more successful in classifying judges than plots based on the first three principal components. The technique of PCS is an important complement to existing methodologies, and can provide wine competition coordinators with an objective technique for judge evaluation and selection.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2001.tb00302.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EXACT BETA-BINOMIAL TABLES FOR SMALL EXPERIMENTS (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 16 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Exact tables calculated directly from the probability function of a beta-binomial distribution are provided for replicated difference and preference tests. The tables can be used for small experiments when the numbers of replications and trials are not more than five.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2001.tb00304.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    STATISTICAL MODELS FOR THE A-NOT A METHOD (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 16 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Dependence among responses in using the A-Not A or “ Yes-No” task are accounted for in new hypothesis testing models. The new models involve adjustments to Pearson's and McNemar's chi-square statistics and to the variance of d', a measure of signal detectability or sensitivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2001.tb00297.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SIMULATED MICROGRAVITY [BED REST] HAS LITTLE INFLUENCE ON TASTE, ODOR OR TRIGEMINAL SENSITIVITY (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 16 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Anecdotal evidence suggests that astronauts’ perceptions of foods in space flight may differ from their perceptions of the same foods on Earth. Fluid shifts toward the head experienced in space may alter the astronauts’ sensitivity to odors and tastes, producing altered perceptions. Our objective was to determine whether head-down bed rest, which produces similar fluid shifts, would produce changes in sensitivity to taste, odor or trigeminal sensations. Six subjects were tested three times prior to bed rest, three times during bed rest and two times after bed rest to determine their threshold sensitivity to the odors isoamylbutyrate and menthone, the tastants sucrose, sodium chloride, citric acid, quinine and monosodium glutamate, and to capsaicin. Thresholds were measured using a modified staircase procedure. Self-reported congestion was also recorded at each test time. Thresholds for monosodium glutamate where slightly higher during bed rest. None of the other thresholds were altered by bed rest.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2001.tb00288.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECT OF LIKING, BRAND NAME AND PRICE ON PURCHASE INTENTION FOR BRANDED, OWN LABEL AND ECONOMY LINE CRISP SNACK FOODS (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of sensory studies 16 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-459X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The effect of liking, brand and price label on purchase intention were studied on crisp snacks in branded, supermarket own label and economy form. Unlabeled assessment segregated the products into differing levels of liking which did not correspond to marketed price and brand location. Level of liking dominated purchase intention under partial label (price or brand alone) and full label (price with brand) conditions. Relative and derived purchase intention measures gave clearer label effects with significance for brand and price. Consumers who professed higher price awareness were more influenced by price, but those professing brand as a main purchase intention reason gave more weight to liking. Results from analysis of purchase intention and degree of liking measures according to private body conscious level were inconclusive.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-459X.2001.tb00292.x
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