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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (440)
  • Fisheries
  • Chemical Engineering
  • 1945-1949  (440)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Theory of rolling plastics. II. Thermal effectsPublished by permission of the Chief Scientific Officer, Ministry of Supply, England. (1946)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 1 (1946), S. 535-539 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: In the rolling of Plastic sheet the viscous work gives rise to heating of the plastic sheet. The maximum temperature reached in the interior of the sheet during shearing is of the interest, both in the theoretical calculation of roll pressure, and from the point of view of possible thermal decomposition effects. A calculation is given for a simple, some-what artificial, model, which leads to an upper value for this maximum temperature if a measurement of the average temperature of the emergent sheet is given. The model taken is that of an infinite sheet, of thickness 2δ, in which heat is continuously liberated at the rate of 4ηφ2 cal. cc. -1 sec. -1, where φ is the relevant value of the rate of compression (assumed constant across the sheet). The curve giving the temperature distribution across the sheet is calculated numerically for two cases; it is relatively flat, as would be expected on physical grounds, since the viscosity, η, decreases as the temperature rises. It is concluded that these thermal effects may be neglected in the calculation of roll pressure in Part 1.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1946.120010609
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symbols for copolymerization (1946)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 1 (1946), S. 581-581 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1946.120010612
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Advances in colloid science. Volume II. Scientific progress in the field of rubber and synthetic elastomers. Edited by H. Mark and G. S. Whitby. Interscience, New York, 1946. xl and 433 pp. Author and subject indexes. Price $7.00 (1946)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 1 (1946), S. 582-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1946.120010613
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of olefins and diolefins in suspension and emulsion. Part II (1946)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 1 (1946), S. 549-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: This and a previous article (p. 127) review the literature from 1910-1945 on polymerization of olefins and diolefins in suspension and emulsion, and present a number of new measurements not published to date. The subject is considered mainly from the point of view of scientific information on the mechanism of polymerization in aqueous suspensions and emulsions, but brief mention is also made of the more important disclosures in the patent literature. The new data presented in this article refer to (1) initial rates of polymerization of styrene, methyl methacrylate, vinyl acelate and acrylonitrile in aqueous suspensions and in soap emulsions as a function of catalyst concentration, temperature, and soap concentration; (2) influence of water-soluble activators, such as sodium bisulfite; (3) influence of initial size of monomer droplets on initial rates of monomer consumption; (4) study, with the aid of the electron microscope, of size of monomer droplets and polymer particles throughout polymerization; and (5) a few experiments on side reactions in the domain of higher conversions. No attempt is made in this paper to review and appraise the very large number of recent patents (from about 1930 on), which protect special procedures on the use of various promoting, regulating, or modifying ingredients. A complete digest of this practice does not exist at present, but reference may be made to the excellent chapter on emulsion polymerization in the book of Talalay and Magat, to the very valuable compilation of patents by Hoseh, and to the enumeration of a selected number of patents in the book of Scheiber.1
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1946.120010611
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new approach to the theory of rubberlike elasticityCommunication No. 1015 from the Kodak Research Laboratories. Preliminary reports of this work have been presented at the Conference on Rubberlike Elasticity at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn, April 3, 1943, at a meeting of the Society of Rheology in New York City, October 30, 1943, and at the Symposium on the Theory of Long-Range Elasticity at the Cleveland Meeting of the American Chemical Society, April 4, 1944. (1946)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 1 (1946), S. 1-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Equations are derived for stress-strain curves for a hypothetical model substance containing a large number of like systems, each assumed to be in equilibrium between two states having different arrangements of the atoms. With this model one can study the dependence of the initial elastic modulus, the limiting strain (for infinite stress), and the over-all shape of the stress-strain curve on characteristics of the rearranging systems - their number, the initial energy difference between the two states, the shift of atomic positions, etc. Introduction of an assumed proportionality between the shift per rearrangement and the square of the relative length of the sample (in the direction of the shift) leads to stress-strain curves similar to those determined experimentally for natural rubber and other rubberlike materials.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1946.120010101
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Copolymerization. I. Kinetics and some experimental considerations of a general theory (1947)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 2 (1947), S. 229-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: A review of theoretical progress in copolymerization has shown that the results of previous authors are consistent and equivalent. A general scheme of copolymerization has been stated and its kinetic consequences worked out. The rate expressions have been derived for percentage polymerization against time, and initial rate against initial monomer concentration. Some experimental considerations have been given. The advantages of photochemical technique have been stressed, physical means of following the reaction outlined, and new methods of determining σ and μ described. Means of verifying the kinetics have been suggested, in particular the obtaining of the individual velocity constants. It is important to note in this connection, that further experiments to determine the lifetime of the growing polymer chain are not required.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1947.120020210
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reaction of tetrachlorophthalic anhydride with cellulose derivatives (1947)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 2 (1947), S. 275-280 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Tetrachlorophthalic anhydride (TCPA) was reacted with cellulose diacetate and with cellulose diethyl ether in dioxane solution to produce esters with rather low tetrachlorophthalyl contents. Phthalic anhydride was found to be considerably more reactive than was TCPA with these cellulose derivatives, especially if pyridine was used as the reaction solvent. Acylations could not be executed with TCPA in the presence of pyridine as solvent, however, because this material decomposed the anhydride, removing chlorine from it. The TCPA derivatives were more limited in solubility than were the corresponding esters made from phthalic anhydride.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1947.120020303
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of centrifugal field on resistance to motion of threadlike molecules in solution (1947)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 2 (1947), S. 290-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: An attempt has been made in this communication to formulate explicitly the dependence of the frictional coefficients of threadlike molecules in solution upon the centrifugal field applied to them in the usual velocity ultracentrifuges. This quantitative treatment, using the Kuhn and Kuhn odel for randomly coiled free-draining thread molecules, verifies the assumption generally made that the effect considered is negligible. Since the molecular weight of the particles and the magnitude of the centrifugal field applied to them vary inversely with each other, the constant, \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$\overline {\beta h_0^2 }$\end{document} rarely attains values which are significant, and the effect produced by orientation of the threads is balanced by the effect due to stretching them. Moreover, by a suitable change of parameters, this treatment could be extended to account for the action of other tensile forces acting on thread molecules in solution
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1947.120020305
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray and moisture equilibrium investigation of sodium pectate (1947)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 2 (1947), S. 318-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The variation of the x-ray reflection to the interchain separation in sodium pectate has been determined as a function of moisture content. The crystalline regions in sodium pectate have been found to sorb about 24% water (dry basis) at a relative humidity of 95% at 25°C. The sample as a whole under these conditions has a water content of 64%. At high water contents, therefore, a large difference in water content must exist between the crystalline and amorphous regions of sodium pectate. A marked change in degree of crystallinity occurs, as determined by the number and sharpness of the x-ray reflections, at an average water content of about 6% on desorption and on sorption at an average water content of about 14%.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1947.120020310
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta, Volume 1, No. 1, (1947). Elsevier, New York-Amsterdam; Interscience, New York. 100 pp. Price $9.00 (annual subscription, 6 to 8 issues) (1947)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 2 (1947), S. 349-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1947.120020313
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