ALBERT

Description: De hier besproken soorten zijn alle nieuw voor de Nederlandse fauna in zoverre, dat zij niet vermeld staan in de Catalogus Aranearum van VAN HASSELT. De collectie van deze araneoloog bevindt zich in het Rijksmuseum voor Natuurlijke Historie te Leiden en wordt daar momenteel gerevideerd, waarna een nieuwe naamlijst van Nederlandse spinnen zal worden samengesteld. In deze bijdrage wordt geen poging gedaan de twijfelachtige synoniemie van de Catalogus op te helderen, hetgeen zeker nog menige nieuwe soort voor ons land zal opleveren. Zij is slechts een tussentijds resultaat van het bewerken van de eigen collectie en van materiaal, dat mij van verschillende zijden ter bewerking werd toevertrouwd.\nDe gebruikte systematische indeling en de soortnamen zijn in hoofdzaak die uit de Katalog der Araneae Bd. I van ROEWER, waarbij echter enkele correcties op grond van nieuwere onderzoekingen werden aangebracht. Ook ben ik er toe overgegaan de namen van CLERCK te gebruiken.

Description: Weinig onderzoekingen hebben in zo wijde kring bekendheid verworven als die van onze landgenoot JAN SWAMMERDAM, die in zijn ,Ephemeri vita\xe2\x80\x99 (1675) en later in de ,Bybel der Natuur of Historie der insekten\xe2\x80\x99 (1737) de ontwikkelingsgeschiedenis beschreef van het beroemd geworden Oever-aas, Palingenia longicauda (Oliv.), de grootste palaearctische Ephemeride.\nDit allermerkwaardigst insect, dat \xe2\x80\x94 het zij terloops opgemerkt \xe2\x80\x94 reeds in 1634 door de Amsterdamse medicus AUGERIUS CLUTIUS was beschreven en afgebeeld \xc2\xb9), moet destijds in ons land alom de aandacht hebben getrokken wegens zijn massaal optreden gedurende een aantal warme dagen omstreeks het midden van de maand Juni. In Nederland echter is dit grote haft vermoedelijk reeds tegen het eind van de vorige eeuw uitgestorven. Thans leeft het nog in het stroomgebied der grote rivieren van Midden- en Oost-Europa (Oder, Weichsel en Wolga).

Description: Lower-Villafranchian landmammals lived in the South of the Netherlands when the coastline of the North Sea retired in northern direction during the Plio-Pleistocene transition period. In the province of Zealand their black remains have been fished out of the waters of the Scheldt in the depth of which littoral Poederlian deposits (Amstelian deposits are missing there in Zealand) occur and are eroded by the currents. Also borings in the provinces of Limburg and Guelderland have yielded black fossils of this fauna of which the following species could be stated in the Netherlands: Eucladoceros falconeri (Dawk.), Odobenus huxleyi (Lank.), Alachtherium spec., Anancus arvernensis (Croiz. et Job.), Archidiskodon planifrons (Falc. & Caut.), Gazella schreuderae Hooijer and Mustela erminea L. This Lower-Villafranchian fauna occurs also in the Red Crag of East-Anglia, in Pi\xc3\xa9mont (Villafranca) and in Auvergne (Perrier, etc.).\nThis fauna lived in the south of the Netherlands in the forests and along the coast of the North Sea which then was a deep quiet bay covering a strip of East-Anglia, te larger portion of the Netherlands and a small portion of Belgium along the Belgian-Dutch frontier from the North Sea coast to the east in the direction of the Meuse near Venlo. South of this coast-line a broad communication between England and the continent caused the identity of their mammals in that period.

Description: It is for me a pleasure to contribute the following descriptions of chosen rarities to the Jubilary Volume in honour of the highly esteemed Prof. Dr. L. F. DE BEAUFORT and Prof. Dr. J. E. W. IHLE, of the University of Amsterdam.\nI wish to express my gratitude to Dr. J. WILCKE, Wageningen, and to Mr. W. F. BREURKEN, Amsterdam, for the execution of the drawings.

Description: The most recent comprehensive treatment of this Indo-Pacific genus \xc2\xb9) is that of TESCH (1918, p. 78-82). Here seven species are recognised with the reservation that M. eydouxi H. Milne Edwards and M. thukuhar (Owen) are possibly not distinct.\nIn 1936 (TWEEDIE 1936, p. 49) I questioned the validity of the character used to separate M. latifrons (White) and M. maculatus H. M.-E., the relation of carapace length and breadth, and placed maculatus in the synonymy of latifrons.

Description: If you ask the layman: \xe2\x80\x9cWhat is a museum?\xe2\x80\x9d, he will answer. \xe2\x80\x9cA museum is a display of objects, that have an aesthetic value or scientific interest; the scope of a museum is to improve the taste of the visitor, is to give him, by visual means, aesthetic or intellectual enjoyment, to satisfy his curiosity, to show him the true and real things (a classic sculpture, an Indian weapon or a deepsea fish) instead of a documentary film, a radio report, or the descriptions and pictures in his books and magazines.\xe2\x80\x9d If an architect is in charge of designing a museum, he will see to it that the wallcases and the free-standing objects receive the right light and that the public and the conditioned air can circulate freely. He will design an entrance hall, an exhibition gallery, a director\xe2\x80\x99s room, and, perhaps, in the basement or on the top-floor a store-room for articles not on display \xc2\xb9).

Description: Our knowledge concerning the periodical movements in animals called migrations is chiefly based on observations on birds. By and by, however, a number of facts concerning migration in other animal groups have been assembled and it seems worth while to compare them with those known for birds. There is the more reason to do so here, because the victim of this jubilee is interested in birds and fishes alike. Though I shall not restrict myself to these two groups they will take more place than the rest.\nIn the following I shall deal with North to South and South to North migrations chiefly. In the hope to succeed and make my ideas comprehensible to those who are not specially acquainted with this particular field I shall begin with a very short description of the migration of some animals in the sea, which may be used as a starting point for the comparison which follows next. These animals are the cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis L.), two species of fish: the anchovy ( Stolephorus encrasicholus (L.)) and the tunny ( Thunnus thynnus (L.)) and, finally, a mammal: the humpback (Megaptera novaeangliae (Borowski), one of the whales.

Description: After having collected the plankton samples in the Java Sea on which I have reported in Treubia XVII, 1939, I thought it desirable to gather similar samples from a more oceanic area of the East Indian seas, in order to be able to make a comparison between the two collections and to try to find out the characteristic differences between the two regions. It seemed to me interesting to choose in the first place Sunda Strait for this purpose, as it connects the shallow Java Sea with the deep Indian Ocean and, therefore, might offer all degrees of transition from the plankton of the former to that of the latter. The next year, then, in 1933, I made a cruise in Sunda Strait in the months of April-May, the transition months between the (wet) west monsoon and the (dry) east monsoon. The stations visited may be seen from the accompanying chart. The depth increases considerably in the direction Java Sea \xe2\x80\x94〉 Indian Ocean but is everywhere sufficient to allow the making of vertical hauls with the plankton net from 50 meters depth to the surface. For the sake of convenience, therefore, all the hauls in Sunda Strait have been made in this way. This was not possible the year before as at several stations in the Java Sea the depth is insufficient. The same net was used as the foregoing year: width of the mouth 1 1/3 m, length 4 m, Swiss plankton gauze nr. 3.\nIn the Sailor\'s Guide for the East-Indian Archipelago we read : ""This diurnal tidal stream (seil, in the Java Sea) is weakened towards the NE and strengthened towards the SW in the first place by a current to the SW starting from Bangka-Strait, which runs along the SE-coast of Sumatra and through Sunda Strait at the rate of more than 0.5 Mile per hour.

Description: Toen in 1881 door G. JANSE de Catalogus der Bibliotheek van het Koninklijk Zo\xc3\xb6logisch Genootschap Natura Artis Magistra werd samengesteld, werden daarin opgenomen onder: N\xc2\xb0 1202 Linnaei. C. Facsimile-reproductie van het vorige, (d.i. Systema Naturae sive Regna tria Naturae systematice proposita per Classes, Ordines, Genera et Species. Lugduni Batavorum. 1735. 7 bladen fol\xc2\xb0, max.) (Berlijn.) 12 bl. fol\xc2\xb0. max. N\xc2\xb0 1203 Linnaei C. Methodus juxta quam Physiologus accurate et f\xc3\xa9liciter concinnare potest Historiam cujuscunque Naturalis Subjecti sequentt. hisce Paragraphis comprehensa. I. Nomina. II. Theoria. III. Genus. IV. Species. V. Attributa. VI. Usus. VII. literaria. Lugduni Batavorum. 1736. 1 bl. fol\xc2\xb0 max. Facsimile-reproductie van de oorspronkelijke uitgave. Berlijn.

Description: 1. In Macroscelides (Elephantulus?) rozeti Duv., a North-African form, the pregnant uterus shows 3 swellings (sometimes this number is reduced to 1 or 2). The South-African form Elephantulus myurus Jamesoni, examined by prof. VAN DER HORST (Johannesburg) always shows two swellings, one in each half of the uterus horns. 2. The tuba is connected with a periovarial sac. 3. The eggs in the ampulla are naked and not surrounded by the zona pellucida. This causes sometimes the segmented cells to be set free. 4. The four-celled stage shows a tetrahedral arrangement. 5. In the uterus horn the unilaminar blastula is formed by the absorption of water. 6. In a stage of 120 cells the blastula-wall separates amoeboid cells into the interior forming a loose reticulum. Afterwards these cells concentrate at one side of the germinal vesicle and form the embryonic knot. 7. This organ separates an entodermal cell-layer at its base. 8. At the mesometrical side the germinal vesicle adheres to the uterine wall which is syncytial at this spot. 9. After the adhering of the germinal vesicle the mucosa uteri becomes very thick and the muscularis very thin. The small number of blood vessels in the mucosa is very remarkable. 10. There is a marked increase of the number and extent of the uterine glands. The image resembles that of the secretory phase in man. 11. In the following stage (N. 45) the trophoblast has become very thick and has penetrated into the mucosa uteri. The embryonic knot shows a large archamniotic cavity. 12. In N. 6 the embryonic region shows 7 \xc3\xa0 8 somites. A distinct pharynx is present. In the mid- and hindgut a large connection of enteron and yolk sac is present. Cloaca with allantoic evagination, a large, mesodermal, allantoic rudiment is present. The yolk sac forms about two thirds of the blastocyst, the remaining third part is formed by the exocoel and the amniotic cavity. A proamnion is present. Enlarged uterine glands surround the whole uterine cavity. A large ectoplacenta shows a toadstool-form and penetrates into the uterine wall forming a disc of foeto-maternal symplasma. Heart rudiment rather well developed. 13. N. 8. The embryo shows \xc2\xb1 25 somites. Allantois well developed, adhering to the ectoplacenta. The greater part of the blastocyst is formed by the exocoel. Three visceral pouches are present, the mouth plate is lacerated. The neural tube is completely closed. 14. In N. 1 30-35 somites and 12 nephric tubules are present. Rudiment of anterior extremity, 3-4 aortic arches. 15. In N. 3 the yolk sac is much smaller and its walls are shriveled. A yolk stalk may be seen but the connection between the lumina of gut and yolk sac has disappeared. The allantois surrounds the amniotic cavity and fills up the main part of the blastocyst. It shows four lobes. The ectoplacenta shows a thick layer of labyrinthic tissue at the embryonic side. The embryo is strongly coiled and possesses a distinct torsion. The kidney is well developed (with Malpighian corpuscula). Posterior extremities are present. In the anterior ones the rudiment of the skeleton may be noticed. 16. In the stages N. 45 and N. 1 a distinct mesoplacentarium consisting of numerous lamellae with bloodvessels is present at the mesometrical side of the uterine wall. As in the aguti (BECHER) this phenomenon may be in relation with the jumping propulsion.