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  • 2020-2024  (165,444)
  • 1955-1959  (303,706)
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  • 1
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    Vulnerability of lowland and upland orchids in their spatially response to climate change and land cover change (2024)
    In:  Ecological Informatics vol. 80 no. 102534
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-18
    Description: Climate change and land cover change often interactively affect plant species distributions. This study addresses the vulnerability of lowland and upland orchids to climate change and land cover change. Endemic orchids of New Guinea were grouped into four classes (lowland epiphyte, lowland terrestrial, upland epiphyte, upland terrestrial) based on their life form and elevation range. Forty occurrence records of endemic orchids were selected for each class, totaling 160 occurrence records. Ensemble modelling combining two machine learning algorithms was used to generate predictive current and future suitable areas for orchid classes. Model performance was evaluated using the AUC and TSS metrics. Suitable areas for both lowland and upland orchids (epiphyte and terrestrial) were predicted decrease in the future due to climate change and land cover change. The loss of suitable areas for upland terrestrial orchids was predicted to be most significant in the worst-case climate change scenario (SSP 5–8.5). Both lowland and upland orchids (epiphyte and terrestrial) tend to shift to higher elevation ranges from the present distributions. The predictive models have AUC values 〉0.90 and TSS value 〉0.80, indicating the models have excellent potential for predicting the impact of climate change and land cover change on orchid distributions.
    Keywords: Ensemble model ; Climate change ; Species distribution model ; Orchids ; Lowland ; Upland ; New Guinea
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 2
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    A Collagen10a1 mutation disrupts cell polarity in a medaka model for metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid (2024)
    Elsevier BV
    In:  iScience vol. 27 no. 109405
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-18
    Description: Heterozygous mutations in COL10A1 lead to metaphyseal chondrodysplasia type Schmid (MCDS), a skeletal disorder characterized by epiphyseal abnormalities. Prior analysis revealed impaired trimerization and intracellular retention of mutant collagen type X alpha 1 chains as cause for elevated endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. However, how ER stress translates into structural defects remained unclear. We generated a medaka (Oryzias latipes) MCDS model harboring a 5 base pair deletion in col10a1, which led to a frameshift and disruption of 11 amino acids in the conserved trimerization domain. col10a1D633a heterozygotes recapitulated key features of MCDS and revealed early cell polarity defects as cause for dysregulated matrix secretion and deformed skeletal structures. Carbamazepine, an ER stress -reducing drug, rescued this polarity impairment and alleviated skeletal defects in col10a1D633a heterozygotes. Our data imply cell polarity dysregulation as a potential contributor to MCDS and suggest the col10a1D633a medaka mutant as an attractive MCDS animal model for drug screening.
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    Continuous monitoring of surface water vapour isotopic compositions at Neumayer Station III, East Antarctica (2021)
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3The Cryosphere, Copernicus, 15(10), pp. 4745-4767, ISSN: 1994-0424
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: In this study, the first fully continuous monitoring of water vapour isotopic composition at Neumayer Station III, Antarctica, during the 2-year period from February 2017 to January 2019 is presented. Seasonal and synoptic-scale variations in both stable water isotopes H182O and HDO are reported, and their links to variations in key meteorological variables are analysed. In addition, the diurnal cycle of isotope variations during the summer months (December and January 2017/18 and 2018/19) has been examined. Changes in local temperature and specific humidity are the main drivers for the variability in δ18O and δD in vapour at Neumayer Station III, on both seasonal and shorter timescales. In contrast to the measured δ18O and δD variations, no seasonal cycle in the Deuterium excess signal (d) in vapour is detected. However, a rather high uncertainty in measured d values especially in austral winter limits the confidence of this finding. Overall, the d signal shows a stronger inverse correlation with specific humidity than with temperature, and this inverse correlation between d and specific humidity is stronger for the cloudy-sky conditions than for clear-sky conditions during summertime. Back-trajectory simulations performed with the FLEXPART model show that seasonal and synoptic variations in δ18O and δD in vapour coincide with changes in the main sources of water vapour transported to Neumayer Station III. In general, moisture transport pathways from the east lead to higher temperatures and more enriched δ18O values in vapour, while weather situations with southerly winds lead to lower temperatures and more depleted δ18O values. However, on several occasions, δ18O variations linked to wind direction changes were observed, which were not accompanied by a corresponding temperature change. Comparing isotopic compositions of water vapour at Neumayer Station III and snow samples taken in the vicinity of the station reveals almost identical slopes, both for the δ18O–δD relation and for the temperature–δ18O relation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    Expeditions to Antarctica: ANT-Land 2022/23 NEUMAYER STATION III, Kohnen Station and Field Campaigns (2024)
    Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung
    In:  EPIC3Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung = Reports on polar and marine research, Bremerhaven, Alfred-Wegener-Institut Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung, 784, 217 p., pp. 1-217, ISSN: 1866-3192
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: "Berichte zur Polar- und Meeresforschung" , notRev
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  • 5
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    Physical and chemical characterization of the Pomici di Avellino ashes (3.9 ka) from Somma-Vesuvius volcano for future health hazard assessment (2024)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: Volcanic ashes can threaten the human respiratory system through inhalation. In this study we investigated the physical and chemical characteristics of volcanic ashes from the Pomici di Avellino (PdA) eruption, an Early Bronze Age (ca. 3.9 ka) Plinian event from Somma-Vesuvius volcano, southern Italy, whose wide dispersal affected most of the Italian peninsula. In particular, we analysed particle size, shape, composition, and surface reactivity of samples from both proximal and distal locations. Our results indicate that some tephra layers north of Rome have a phonolitic composition and match that of PdA eruption; they reach grain-sizes 〈2 μm (~13.5%), thus having the potential to enter the deep respiratory system. Furthermore, the reactivity in free radical generation makes these products potentially able to cause oxidative stress within cells. While commonly no volcanic hazard assessment is made in areas far from active volcanoes, this study highlights that fine ashes from future similar large eruptions, producing high amount of highly fragmented material, can pose a health hazard even in remote, non-volcanic areas, hundreds of km away from the vent, suggesting that further studies on ash toxicity (e.g., in vitro toxicity studies) are required.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107826
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 6
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    The influence of Moho depth on the seismic / density structure of the Antarctic upper mantle (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: With its hostile and remote environment, information on Antarctica’s geologic history and its internal geophysical structure remains today the most incomplete on Earth. In particular, Moho depth estimate studies are in disagreement by more than 10 km in several regions and, the Antarctic upper mantle remains among the most poorly imaged regions in the Earth. In this study, we explore the impact of using different Moho surfaces on the reconstruction of the 3D density and velocity parameters beneath the Antarctic continent. To achieve this goal we selected as input for the used optimization algorithm (Sequential Integrated Inversion, Tondi et al., 2012) four Moho depth estimates, which we believe to be the most representative of the last studies on the continent: (a) a pure gravimetric Moho (Borghi, 2022); (b) a depth to Moho (Baranov et al., 2018) recovered using the BEDMAP2 subglacial relief (Fretwell et al., 2013) together with results from the analysis of recent seismic data (Baranov and Morelli, 2013; Chaput et al., 2014) and gravity constraints; (c) a seismological Moho (An et al., 2015); (d) a Moho depth estimate constrained by both satellite gravity and seismological information (Pappa et al., 2019). To complete the starting information, we exploited: (1) the surface wave tomography of the Antarctic upper mantle (Danesi and Morelli, 2001) and (2) the gravity database synthetized by the global satellite gravity model GO_CONS_GCF_2_TIM_R6e (Zingerle et al., 2019). Results show the crucial implications of the Moho topography on the recovered geophysical parameters, especially in little explored areas.
    Description: AIRBUS, ESA, Quantum Frontiers, EPOS, GEO*8, Hexagon, IUGS, nanometrics, NCM UAEREP
    Description: Published
    Description: Berlin
    Description: OST1 Alla ricerca dei Motori Geodinamici
    Keywords: Density models, Antarctica, Moho depth ; Integration of seismic tomography and gravity data to explore the impact of using different Moho surfaces on the reconstruction of the 3D density and velocity parameters beneath the Antarctic continent.
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: Conference paper
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  • 7
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    Editorial: Near-earth electromagnetic environment and natural hazards disturbances (2024)
    Frontiers S.A.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: Throughout history, human communities have faced consistent threats from natural hazards like earthquakes, volcanic eruptions, and tsunamis. Yet, scientists strive to understand the process behind hazard formation and to predict their occurrences. Since the 1980s, space technology has allowed satellites to capture abnormal electromagnetic (EM) emissions, plasma density irregularities, and energetic particle precipitations near seismic fault zones, volcanic belts, and tsunami-prone coasts. Extensive efforts have been dedicated to rock-rupture processing experiments and ground-space comparative studies. EM precursors have shown promising potential for short-term earthquake prediction. In 2004, France launched the DEMETER satellite, operational until 2010, followed by China’s China Seismo-Electromagnetic Satellite (CSES) in February 2018, focusing on earthquake monitoring from space. This Research Topic serves two main purposes. Firstly, it validates and calibrates data from ground-based instruments and satellite platforms to explore the space’s EM environment including the EM field, plasma parameters, energetic particle flux, and distributions. Secondly, it emphasizes cross-disciplinary studies of natural hazard monitoring, including earthquakes, volcanoes, etcetera. By combining modeling and observation, the goal is to develop innovative methodologies for studying natural hazards and the interconnected mechanisms of the Lithosphere-Atmosphere-Ionosphere system.
    Description: Published
    Description: 1307941
    Description: OST4 Descrizione in tempo reale del terremoto, del maremoto, loro predicibilità e impatto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 8
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    MultiGAS Detection from Airborne Platforms on Italian Volcanic and Geothermal Areas (2024)
    MDPI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: The measurement of volcanic gases, such as CO2 and SO2, emitted from summit craters and fumaroles is crucial to monitor volcanic activity, providing estimations of gases fluxes, and geochemical information that helps to assess the status and the risk level of an active volcano. During high degassing events, the measurement of volcanic emissions is a dangerous task that cannot be performed using hand portable or backpack carried gas analysis systems. Measurements of gases plumes could be safety achieved by using instruments mounted on UAS (Unmanned Aerial System). In this work, we present the measurements of CO2, SO2, and H2S gases collected with a miniaturized MultiGAS instrument during 2021 and 2022 field campaigns. They took place at several thermally active areas in Italy: Pisciarelli (Naples, Italy), Stromboli volcano (Messina, Italy), and Parco Naturalistico delle Biancane (Grosseto, Italy).
    Description: Published
    Description: 2390
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 9
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    Geochemistry of thermal springs and associated gases along the Strymon River Valley (Bulgaria and Greece) (2024)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: This paper presents and discusses the water and gas geochemistry of a large number of thermal springs occurring along the N-S trending Strymon Valley, from its source, near Sofia (Bulgaria), to the Aegean Sea (Greece). In Bulgaria springs have markedly alkaline pH, relatively low Total Dissolved Solids and prevalent Na-HCO3 to Na-Cl(SO4) in composition while the associated gas phase is mostly N2-dominated. When moving to the Greek sector, the thermal springs, Ca(Mg)-HCO3 to Na-HCO3, become less alkaline and more saline whereas the associated gas phase is CO2-dominated. The abrupt geochemical change in the Greek sector is caused by a variation in the thickness and nature of the sediments filling the Strymon Valley, the latter being characterized by a relevant amount of Neogene marine material. Such changes occur south of an important E-W lineament named Middle Mesta, south of which marble formations extensively crop out and are likely occurring below the sedimentary succession. The presence of these carbonate sequences embedded in the Neogene sediments is explaining the CO2-rich gases associated to the Greek springs. Water isotopes indicate a meteoric origin for the studied waters. From a geothermometric point of view, solute (previous studies) and gas (this work) geothermometers suggest that no high enthalpy systems occur in the Bulgaria and northern sector of Greece with estimated temperatures 〈120 °C. Consequently, these thermal springs can be regarded as tectonically-derived along the many fault systems that border the Strymon Valley. The convective circuits are thus originated from rainfall in the crystalline massifs that border the valley, i.e. the Serbo-Macedonian to the west and the Rhodope to the east.
    Description: Published
    Description: 107262
    Description: OSA5: Energia e georisorse
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: Fluid geochemistry ; Strymon River ; Stable isotopes ; Geothermometry
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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  • 10
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    Random Forest based estimate to assess the damages of future earthquakes: preliminary results (2024)
    INGV
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: In this paper we present a case study where the Random Forest (RF) Classifier, has been used to estimate the damage to buildings caused by a (possible) future earthquake, starting from the data of past earthquakes. This prelaminar work is based on the Shakedado dataset, which contains information on buildings and ground shaking parameters for the six major earthquakes that occurred in Italy between 1981 and 2012. We perform the following two conceptual experiments E1: Assume that the sequence that hit Emilia has just ended and the data relating to the other major earthquakes happened in the past (L’Aquila, Pollino, and Irpinia) are available, then calculate the level of damage for each building in the Emila dataset. E2: Assume that the sequence that hit Pollino has just ended and the data relating to the other major earthquakes happened in the past (L’Aquila, Emilia) are available, then calculate the level of damage for each building in the Pollino dataset. Both training and test datasets contain only masonry buildings located within 10 km of the main shock of each sequence. The results show the RF algorithm’s ability to discriminate between buildings with light/no damage from those with medium/severe damage, with a good accuracy, especially for E1.
    Description: Published
    Description: OST2 Deformazione e Hazard sismico e da maremoto
    Description: JCR Journal
    Keywords: 05.05. Mathematical geophysics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
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