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  • Springer  (90,642)
  • 1960-1964  (90,642)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationship between ion distribution and membrane potential during a steady state (1960)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 22 (1960), S. 323-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Equations were derived showing the relationship between the membrane potential and the quantities which influence it under steady state conditions. Essentially, the membrane potential is caused by the valence and concentration of the non-permeating ions. The permeating ions can modify the membrane potential by altering the relative concentration of the non-permeating ions with respect to the concentration of the permeating ions. For muscle, the sodium cations act as the non-permeating ions in the extracellular environment by the maintenance of some type of active metabolic process and large anions act as the non-permeating ions in the intracellular environment. Both of these non-permeating ions contribute about equally to the maintenance of the resting membrane potential. When the active metabolic process for sodium extrusion breaks down or when acids are added, the membrane potential should decrease. Water should enter the cell when the sodium metabolic process is diminished; water should leave the cell when acids are added. When acid is added, it is expected that the cations potassium and sodium will leave the cell with little or no shift of the chloride ions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476718
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Life, information theory, probability, and physics (1960)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 22 (1960), S. 351-364 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract A purely information-theoretical approach to the problem of self-replication of elementary living units implies that pure chance is the determining factor in the formation of the first living unit. The probability of such a spontaneous formation can be calculated from the minimum amount of information which an organism must possess in order to replicate itself. An estimation of this amount of information is made here by two different methods. First by a “paper and pencil experiment” which indicates the minimum amount of information needed on a printed page in order that with given tools the page could be reproduced. Second—by an analytical consideration of some hypothetical molecular mechanisms. A general method for handling such problems is suggested. On the basis of estimated information contents it is shown that under most favorable conditions the probability of a spontaneous generation by pure chance during the lifetime of the earth is vanishingly small. It is concluded that dynamic factors, which may reduce tremendously the information content, must play a role in the genesis of life on earth.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476719
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some remarks on molecular biology (1960)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 22 (1960), S. 365-370 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The binding energy of a very long molecular chain, composed of different classes of molecules, depends in general on the order of the molecules. It is shown that under very general conditions there exists for a givenbrutto chemical composition of a chain, a class of chains which is characterized by a total binding energy which is equal to the total binding energy of any other prescribed chain of different composition within the limits of unsharpness of the energy level. This establishes a criterion formapping of a class of configurations of long chain molecules on another class. To the extent that a mapping constitutes a generalized code those results contribute to the theory of molecular codes. Applying to our results the results of a previous paper (1959,Bull. Math. Biophysics,21, 309–326), we arrive at the conclusion that the self-replication of a living molecule may be the property not of a particular structure but of classes of structures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476720
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the utilization of food by planktophage fishes (1960)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 22 (1960), S. 371-389 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Making some plausible assumptions about the over-all mechanism of food catching and consumption by fishes and evaluating in the light of those assumptions some available experimental data, it is possible to calculate from those data the variation of several important factors with the concentration of food. The factors considered are: total rate of metabolism, total diurnal energy expenditure in the process of feeding, average number of hours per day during which the fish feeds, average length of path traveled by a fish per day, and the so-called “energetic coefficient of growth.” A possible relation with the work of N. Rashevsky (Bull. Math. Biophysics,20, 299–308, 1959) is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476721
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Symposium on Mathematical Theories of Biological Phenomena (1960)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 22 (1960), S. 425-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476724
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the theory of indicator-dilution methods under varying blood-flow conditions (1960)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 22 (1960), S. 417-424 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract The theory of measurement of flow and volume by indicator dilution techniques is given in conditions of time-variable flow rates. It is shown that the usual Hamilton (1932,Am. J. Physiol.,99, 534–551) methods can be misleading if the flow changes at a rate of close to that of the transport function.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476723
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mathematical studies of the interaction of respiratory gases with whole blood I. O2 absorption (1960)
    Springer
    Bulletin of mathematical biology 22 (1960), S. 391-415 
    Details
    ISSN: 1522-9602
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract Some progress has been made on the problem of the interaction of respiratory gases with whole blood. A practical working model for oxygen absorption in and interaction with whole blood is developed by assuming that oxygen molecules compete with protons for binding sites on the hemoglobin molecule and by invoking the Wyman-Allen (Jour. of Polymer Science,5, 499–518, 1951) hypothesis that two oxygen molecules go on the hemoglobin at one time. Extensive tests of this model against saturation measurements on blood from humans, horses, oxen and sheep are made. Values for the equilibrium constants are calculated and compared. In addition a second working model has been developed in an attempt to explain why O2 saturation measurements when expressed as (100 percent — percent saturation) are an exponential function of oxygen partial pressure. Considerations which make plausible the following expression for saturation, [1−2e −γx/h1/2/(1+(1/20)(β′/h 1/2+h 1/2/β′))] are presented. Herex denotes oxygen tension,h denotes hydrogen ion concentration and β′ and γ are parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02476722
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Zu den Lagrange'schen Lösungen des n-Körperproblems (1960)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 64 (1960), S. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319047
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An algorithm relating to symmetric matrices (1960)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 64 (1960), S. 35-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319050
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ausgezeichnete Gitter eines Sternkörpers (1960)
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Mathematik 64 (1960), S. 22-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5081
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01319049
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