ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
Filter
  • Copernicus
  • Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
  • 2020-2024  (45)
  • 1960-1964  (202)
Collection
Years
Year
  • 1
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Abstract. Clouds are assumed to play an important role in the Arctic amplification process. This motivated a detailed investigation of cloud processes, including radiative and turbulent fluxes. Data from the aircraft campaign ACLOUD were analyzed with a focus on the mean and turbulent structure of the cloudy boundary layer over the Fram Strait marginal sea ice zone in late spring and early summer 2017. Vertical profiles of turbulence moments are presented from contrasting atmospheric boundary layers (ABLs) from 4 d. They differ by the magnitude of wind speed, boundary-layer height, stability, the strength of the cloud-top radiative cooling and the number of cloud layers. Turbulence statistics up to third-order moments are presented, which were obtained from horizontal-level flights and from slanted profiles. It is shown that both of these flight patterns complement each other and form a data set that resolves the vertical structure of the ABL turbulence well. The comparison of the 4 d shows that especially during weak wind, even in shallow Arctic ABLs with mixing ratios below 3 g kg-1, cloud-top cooling can serve as a main source of turbulent kinetic energy (TKE).Well-mixed ABLs are generated where TKE is increased and vertical velocity variance shows pronounced maxima in the cloud layer. Negative vertical velocity skewness points then to upside-down convection. Turbulent heat fluxes are directed upward in the cloud layer as a result of cold downdrafts. In two cases with single-layer stratocumulus, turbulent transport of heat flux and of temperature variance are both negative in the cloud layer, suggesting an important role of large eddies. In contrast, in a case with weak cloud-top cooling, these quantities are positive in the ABL due to the heating from the surface. Based on observations and results of a mixed-layer model it is shown that the maxima of turbulent fluxes are, however, smaller than the jump of the net terrestrial radiation flux across the upper part of a cloud due to the (i) shallowness of the mixed layer and (ii) the presence of a downward entrainment heat flux. The mixed-layer model also shows that the buoyancy production of TKE is substantially smaller in stratocumulus over the Arctic sea ice compared to subtropics due to a smaller surface moisture flux and smaller decrease in specific humidity (or even humidity inversions) right above the cloud top. In a case of strong wind, wind shear shapes the ABL turbulent structure, especially over rough sea ice, despite the presence of a strong cloud-top cooling. In the presence of mid-level clouds, cloud-top radiative cooling and thus also TKE in the lowermost cloud layer are strongly reduced, and the ABL turbulent structure becomes governed by stability, i.e., by the surface–air temperature difference and wind speed. A comparison of slightly unstable and weakly stable cases shows a strong reduction of TKE due to increased stability even though the absolute value of wind speed was similar. In summary, the presented study documents vertical profiles of the ABL turbulence with a high resolution in a wide range of conditions. It can serve as a basis for turbulence closure evaluation and process studies in Arctic clouds.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Copernicus, 23(5), pp. 3207-3232, ISSN: 1680-7316
    Publication Date: 2023-10-19
    Description: The presence of reactive bromine in polar regions is a widespread phenomenon that plays an important role in the photochemistry of the Arctic and Antarctic lower troposphere, including the destruction of ozone, the disturbance of radical cycles, and the oxidation of gaseous elemental mercury. The chemical mechanisms leading to the heterogeneous release of gaseous bromine compounds from saline surfaces are in principle well understood. There are, however, substantial uncertainties about the contribution of different potential sources to the release of reactive bromine, such as sea ice, brine, aerosols, and the snow surface, as well as about the seasonal and diurnal variation and the vertical distribution of reactive bromine. Here we use continuous long-term measurements of the vertical distribution of bromine monoxide (BrO) and aerosols at the two Antarctic sites Neumayer (NM) and Arrival Heights (AH), covering the periods of 2003–2021 and 2012–2021, respectively, to investigate how chemical and physical parameters affect the abundance of BrO. We find the strongest correlation between BrO and aerosol extinction (R=0.56 for NM and R=0.28 for AH during spring), suggesting that the heterogeneous release of Br2 from saline airborne particles (blowing snow and aerosols) is a dominant source for reactive bromine. Positive correlations between BrO and contact time of air masses, both with sea ice and the Antarctic ice sheet, suggest that reactive bromine is not only emitted by the sea ice surface but by the snowpack on the ice shelf and in the coastal regions of Antarctica. In addition, the open ocean appears to represent a source for reactive bromine during late summer and autumn when the sea ice extent is at its minimum. A source–receptor analysis based on back trajectories and sea ice maps shows that main source regions for BrO at NM are the Weddell Sea and the Filchner–Ronne Ice Shelf, as well as coastal polynyas where sea ice is newly formed. A strong morning peak in BrO frequently occurring during summer and that is particularly strong during autumn suggests a night-time build-up of Br2 by heterogeneous reaction of ozone on the saline snowpack in the vicinity of the measurement sites. We furthermore show that BrO can be sustained for at least 3 d while travelling across the Antarctic continent in the absence of any saline surfaces that could serve as a source for reactive bromine.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: Springtime Arctic mixed-phase convection over open water in the Fram Strait as observed during the recent ACLOUD (Arctic CLoud Observations Using airborne measurements during polar Day) field campaign is simulated at turbulence-resolving resolutions. The first objective is to assess the skill of large-eddy simulation (LES) in reproducing the observed mixed-phase convection. The second goal is to then use the model to investigate how aerosol modulates the way in which turbulent mixing and clouds transform the low-level air mass. The focus lies on the low-level thermal structure and lapse rate, the heating efficiency of turbulent entrainment, and the low-level energy budget. A composite case is constructed based on data collected by two research aircraft on 18 June 2017. Simulations are evaluated against independent datasets, showing that the observed thermodynamic, cloudy, and turbulent states are well reproduced. Sensitivity tests on cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentration are then performed, covering a broad range between pristine polar and polluted continental values. We find a significant response in the resolved mixed-phase convection, which is in line with previous LES studies. An increased CCN substantially enhances the depth of convection and liquid cloud amount, accompanied by reduced surface precipitation. Initializing with the in situ CCN data yields the best agreement with the cloud and turbulence observations, a result that prioritizes its measurement during field campaigns for supporting high-resolution modeling efforts. A deeper analysis reveals that CCN significantly increases the efficiency of radiatively driven entrainment in warming the boundary layer. The marked strengthening of the thermal inversion plays a key role in this effect. The low-level heat budget shifts from surface driven to radiatively driven. This response is accompanied by a substantial reduction in the surface energy budget, featuring a weakened flow of solar radiation into the ocean. Results are interpreted in the context of air–sea interactions, air mass transformations, and climate feedbacks at high latitudes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    In:  EPIC3IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 14, pp. 4894-4914, ISSN: 1939-1404
    Publication Date: 2023-12-21
    Description: icrowave radiometry has provided valuable spaceborne observations of Earth’s geophysical properties for decades. The recent SMOS, Aquarius, and SMAP satellites have demonstrated the value of measurements at 1400 MHz for observ- ing surface soil moisture, sea surface salinity, sea ice thickness, soil freeze/thaw state, and other geophysical variables. However, the information obtained is limited by penetration through the subsur- face at 1400 MHz and by a reduced sensitivity to surface salinity in cold or wind-roughened waters. Recent airborne experiments have shown the potential of brightness temperature measurements from 500–1400 MHz to address these limitations by enabling sensing of soil moisture and sea ice thickness to greater depths, sensing of temperature deep within ice sheets, improved sensing of sea salinity in cold waters, and enhanced sensitivity to soil moisture under veg- etation canopies. However, the absence of significant spectrum re- served for passive microwave measurements in the 500–1400 MHz band requires both an opportunistic sensing strategy and systems for reducing the impact of radio-frequency interference. Here, we summarize the potential advantages and applications of 500–1400 MHz microwave radiometry for Earth observation and review recent experiments and demonstrations of these concepts. We also describe the remaining questions and challenges to be addressed in advancing to future spaceborne operation of this technology along with recommendations for future research activities.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-01-30
    Description: Methane emissions from boreal and arctic wetlands, lakes, and rivers are expected to increase in response to warming and associated permafrost thaw. However, the lack of appropriate land cover datasets for scaling field-measured methane emissions to circumpolar scales has contributed to a large uncertainty for our understanding of present-day and future methane emissions. Here we present the Boreal–Arctic Wetland and Lake Dataset (BAWLD), a land cover dataset based on an expert assessment, extrapolated using random forest modelling from available spatial datasets of climate, topography, soils, permafrost conditions, vegetation, wetlands, and surface water extents and dynamics. In BAWLD, we estimate the fractional coverage of five wetland, seven lake, and three river classes within 0.5 × 0.5∘ grid cells that cover the northern boreal and tundra biomes (17 % of the global land surface). Land cover classes were defined using criteria that ensured distinct methane emissions among classes, as indicated by a co-developed comprehensive dataset of methane flux observations. In BAWLD, wetlands occupied 3.2 × 106 km2 (14 % of domain) with a 95 % confidence interval between 2.8 and 3.8 × 106 km2. Bog, fen, and permafrost bog were the most abundant wetland classes, covering ∼ 28 % each of the total wetland area, while the highest-methane-emitting marsh and tundra wetland classes occupied 5 % and 12 %, respectively. Lakes, defined to include all lentic open-water ecosystems regardless of size, covered 1.4 × 106 km2 (6 % of domain). Low-methane-emitting large lakes (〉10 km2) and glacial lakes jointly represented 78 % of the total lake area, while high-emitting peatland and yedoma lakes covered 18 % and 4 %, respectively. Small (〈0.1 km2) glacial, peatland, and yedoma lakes combined covered 17 % of the total lake area but contributed disproportionally to the overall spatial uncertainty in lake area with a 95 % confidence interval between 0.15 and 0.38 × 106 km2. Rivers and streams were estimated to cover 0.12  × 106 km2 (0.5 % of domain), of which 8 % was associated with high-methane-emitting headwaters that drain organic-rich landscapes. Distinct combinations of spatially co-occurring wetland and lake classes were identified across the BAWLD domain, allowing for the mapping of “wetscapes” that have characteristic methane emission magnitudes and sensitivities to climate change at regional scales. With BAWLD, we provide a dataset which avoids double-accounting of wetland, lake, and river extents and which includes confidence intervals for each land cover class. As such, BAWLD will be suitable for many hydrological and biogeochemical modelling and upscaling efforts for the northern boreal and arctic region, in particular those aimed at improving assessments of current and future methane emissions. Data are freely available at https://doi.org/10.18739/A2C824F9X (Olefeldt et al., 2021).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: Lakes in permafrost regions are dynamiclandscape components and play an important role for climatechange feedbacks. Lake processes such as mineralizationand flocculation of dissolved organic carbon (DOC), oneof the main carbon fractions in lakes, contribute to thegreenhouse effect and are part of the global carbon cycle.These processes are in the focus of climate research, butstudies so far are limited to specific study regions. Inour synthesis, we analyzed 2167 water samples from 1833lakes across the Arctic in permafrost regions of Alaska,Canada, Greenland, and Siberia to provide first pan-Arcticinsights for linkages between DOC concentrations andthe environment. Using published data and unpublisheddatasets from the author team, we report regional DOCdifferences linked to latitude, permafrost zones, ecoregions,geology, near-surface soil organic carbon contents, andground ice classification of each lake region. The lakeDOC concentrations in our dataset range from 0 to1130 mg L−1(10.8 mg L−1median DOC concentration).Regarding the permafrost regions of our synthesis, wefound median lake DOC concentrations of 12.4 mg L−1(Siberia), 12.3 mg L−1(Alaska), 10.3 mg L−1(Greenland),and 4.5 mg L−1(Canada). Our synthesis shows a significantrelationship between lake DOC concentration and lakeecoregion. We found higher lake DOC concentrationsat boreal permafrost sites compared to tundra sites. Wefound significantly higher DOC concentrations in lakesin regions with ice-rich syngenetic permafrost deposits(yedoma) compared to non-yedoma lakes and a weak butsignificant relationship between soil organic carbon contentand lake DOC concentration as well as between ground icecontent and lake DOC. Our pan-Arctic dataset shows that theDOC concentration of a lake depends on its environmentalproperties, especially on permafrost extent and ecoregion, aswell as vegetation, which is the most important driver of lakeDOC in this study. This new dataset will be fundamental toquantify a pan-Arctic lake DOC pool for estimations of theimpact of lake DOC on the global carbon cycle and climatechange.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-01-31
    Description: Arctic river deltas and deltaic near-shore zones represent important land–ocean transition zones influencing sediment dynamics and nutrient fluxes from permafrost-affected terrestrial ecosystems into the coastal Arctic Ocean. To accurately model fluvial carbon and freshwater export from rapidly changing river catchments as well as assess impacts of future change on the Arctic shelf and coastal ecosystems, we need to understand the sea floor characteristics and topographic variety of the coastal zones. To date, digital bathymetrical data from the poorly accessible, shallow, and large areas of the eastern Siberian Arctic shelves are sparse. We have digitized bathymetrical information for nearly 75 000 locations from large-scale (1:25 000–1:500 000) current and historical nautical maps of the Lena Delta and the Kolyma Gulf region in northeastern Siberia. We present the first detailed and seamless digital models of coastal zone bathymetry for both delta and gulf regions in 50 and 200 m spatial resolution. We validated the resulting bathymetry layers using a combination of our own water depth measurements and a collection of available depth measurements, which showed a strong correlation (r〉0.9). Our bathymetrical models will serve as an input for a high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic–ecosystem model to better quantify fluvial and coastal carbon fluxes to the Arctic Ocean, but they may be useful for a range of other studies related to Arctic delta and near-shore dynamics such as modeling of submarine permafrost, near-shore sea ice, or shelf sediment transport. The new digital high-resolution bathymetry products are available on the PANGAEA data set repository for the Lena Delta (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934045; Fuchs et al., 2021a) and Kolyma Gulf region (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.934049; Fuchs et al., 2021b), respectively. Likewise, the depth validation data are available on PANGAEA as well (https://doi.org/10.1594/PANGAEA.933187; Fuchs et al., 2021c).
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)
    In:  EPIC3IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE), 61, pp. 1-16, ISSN: 0196-2892
    Publication Date: 2024-01-18
    Description: Radio-echo sounding (RES) reveals patches of high backscatter in basal ice units, which represent distinct englacial features in the bottom parts of glaciers and ice sheets. Their material composition and physical properties are largely unknown due to their direct inaccessibility but could provide significant information on the physical state as well as on present and past processes at the ice-sheet base. Here, we investigate the material properties of basal ice units by comparing measured airborne radar data with synthetic radar responses generated using electromagnetic (EM) forward modeling. The observations were acquired at the onset of the Jutulstraumen Ice Stream in western Dronning Maud Land (DML) (East Antarctica) and show strong continuous near-basal reflections of up to 200-m thickness in the normally echo-free zone (EFZ). Based on our modeling, we suggest that these high-backscatter units are most likely composed of point reflectors with low dielectric properties, suggesting thick packages of englacial entrained debris. We further investigate the effects of entrained particle size, and concentration in combination with different dielectric properties, which provide useful information to constrain the material composition of radar-detected units of high backscatter. The capability and application of radar wave modeling in complex englacial environments is therefore a valuable tool to further constrain the composition of basal ice and the physical conditions at the ice base.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-01-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 11
    Publication Date: 2024-04-17
    Description: TR17-08, a marine sedimentary core (14.6 m), was collected during 2017 from the Edisto Inlet (Ross Sea, Antarctica), a small fjord near Cape Hallett. The core is characterized by expanded laminated sedimentary sequences making it suitable for studying submillennial processes during the Early Holocene. By studying different well-known foraminifera species (Globocassidulina biora, G. subglobosa, Trifarina angulosa, Nonionella iridea, Epistominella exigua, Stainforthia feylingi, Miliammina arenacea, Paratrochammina bartrami and Portatrochammina antarctica), we were able to identify five different foraminiferal assemblages over the last ∼ 2000 years BP. Comparison with diatom assemblages and other geochemical proxies retrieved from nearby sediment cores in the Edisto Inlet (BAY05-20 and HLF17-1) made it possible to distinguish three different phases characterized by different environmental settings: (1) a seasonal phase (from 2012 to 1486 years BP) characterized by the dominance of calcareous species, indicating a seasonal opening of the inlet by more frequent events of melting of the sea-ice cover during the austral summer and, in general, a higher-productivity, more open and energetic environment; (2) a transitional phase (from 1486 to 696 years BP) during which the fjord experienced less extensive sea-ice melting, enhanced oxygen-poor conditions and carbonate dissolution conditions, indicated by the shifts from calcareous-dominated association to agglutinated-dominated association probably due to a freshwater input from the retreat of three local glaciers at the start of this period; and (3) a cooler phase (from 696 years BP to present) during which the sedimentation rate decreased and few to no foraminiferal specimens were present, indicating ephemeral openings or a more prolonged cover of the sea ice during the austral summer, affecting the nutrient supply and the sedimentation regime.
    Description: Published
    Description: 95–115
    Description: OSA2: Evoluzione climatica: effetti e loro mitigazione
    Description: JCR Journal
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 12
    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Abstract. The risk of carbon emissions from permafrost ground is linked to ground temperature and thus in particular to thermal insulation by vegetation and organic soil layers in summer and snow cover in winter. This ground insulation is strongly influenced by the presence of large herbivorous animals browsing for food. In this study, we examine the potential impact of large herbivore presence on the ground carbon storage in thermokarst landscapes of northeastern Siberia. Our aim is to understand how intensive animal grazing may affect permafrost thaw and hence organic matter decomposition, leading to different ground carbon storage, which is significant in the active layer. Therefore, we analysed sites with differing large herbivore grazing intensity in the Pleistocene Park near Chersky and measured maximum thaw depth, total organic carbon content and decomposition state by δ13C isotope analysis. In addition, we determined sediment grain size composition as well as ice and water content. We found the thaw depth to be shallower and carbon storage to be higher in intensively grazed areas compared to extensively and non-grazed sites in the same thermokarst basin. The intensive grazing presumably leads to a more stable thermal ground regime and thus to increased carbon storage in the thermokarst deposits and active layer. However, the high carbon content found within the upper 20 cm on intensively grazed sites could also indicate higher carbon input rather than reduced decomposition, which requires further studies. We connect our findings to more animal trampling in winter, which causes snow disturbance and cooler winter ground temperatures during the average annual 225 days below freezing. This winter cooling overcompensates ground warming due to the lower insulation associated with shorter heavily grazed vegetation during the average annual 140 thaw days. We conclude that intensive grazing influences the carbon storage capacities of permafrost areas and hence might be an actively manageable instrument to reduce net carbon emission from these sites. 〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 13
    Publication Date: 2024-04-29
    Description: Stable water isotopologues of snow, firn and ice cores provide valuable information on past climate variations. Yet single profiles are generally not suitable for robust climate reconstructions. Stratigraphic noise, introduced by the irregular deposition, wind-driven erosion and redistribution of snow, impacts the utility of high-resolution isotope records, especially in low-Accumulation areas. However, it is currently unknown how stratigraphic noise differs across the East Antarctic Plateau and how it is affected by local environmental conditions. Here, we assess the amount and structure of stratigraphic noise at seven sites along a 120 km transect on the plateau of Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica. Replicated oxygen isotope records of 1 m length were used to estimate signal-To-noise ratios as a measure of stratigraphic noise at sites characterised by different accumulation rates (43-64 mm w.e. a-1), snow surface roughnesses and slope inclinations. While we found a high level of stratigraphic noise at all sites, there was also considerable variation between sites. At sastrugi-dominated sites, greater stratigraphic noise coincided with stronger surface roughnesses, steeper slopes and lower accumulation rates, probably related to increased wind speeds. These results provide a first step to modelling stratigraphic noise and might guide site selection and sampling strategies for future expeditions to improve high-resolution climate reconstructions from low-Accumulation regions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 14
    Publication Date: 2024-04-19
    Description: We combine satellite data products to provide a first and general overview of the physical sea ice conditions along the drift of the international Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition and a comparison with previous years (2005–2006 to 2018–2019). We find that the MOSAiC drift was around 20 % faster than the climatological mean drift, as a consequence of large-scale low-pressure anomalies prevailing around the Barents–Kara–Laptev sea region between January and March. In winter (October–April), satellite observations show that the sea ice in the vicinity of the Central Observatory (CO; 50 km radius) was rather thin compared to the previous years along the same trajectory. Unlike ice thickness, satellite-derived sea ice concentration, lead frequency and snow thickness during winter months were close to the long-term mean with little variability. With the onset of spring and decreasing distance to the Fram Strait, variability in ice concentration and lead activity increased. In addition, the frequency and strength of deformation events (divergence, convergence and shear) were higher during summer than during winter. Overall, we find that sea ice conditions observed within 5 km distance of the CO are representative for the wider (50 and 100 km) surroundings. An exception is the ice thickness; here we find that sea ice within 50 km radius of the CO was thinner than sea ice within a 100 km radius by a small but consistent factor (4 %) for successive monthly averages. Moreover, satellite acquisitions indicate that the formation of large melt ponds began earlier on the MOSAiC floe than on neighbouring floes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 15
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    Copernicus
    In:  EPIC3Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, Copernicus, 2021, pp. 1-34, ISSN: 1561-8633
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: 〈jats:p〉Abstract. The combined effect of hot and dry extremes can have disastrous consequences for the society, economy, and the environment. While a significant number of studies have been conducted regarding the variability of the individual hot or dry extremes in Romania, the evaluation of the combined effect of these extremes (e.g. compound effect) is still lacking for this region. Thus, in this study we have assessed the spatio-temporal variability and trends of hot and dry summers in the eastern part of Europe, focusing on Romania, between 1950 and 2020 and we have analyzed the relationship between the frequency of hot summers and the prevailing large-scale atmospheric circulation. The length, spatial extent and frequency of HWs in Romania has increased significantly over the last 70 years, while for the drought conditions no significant changes have been observed. The rate of increase in the frequency and spatial extent of HWs has accelerated significantly after the 1990’s, while the smallest number of HWs was observed between 1970 and 1985. The hottest years, in terms of heatwave duration and frequency, were 2007, 2012, 2015, and 2019. One of the key drivers of hot summers, over our analyzed region, is the prevailing large-scale circulation, featuring an anticyclonic circulation over the central and eastern parts of Europe and enhanced atmospheric blocking activity associated with positive temperature anomalies underneath. We conclude that our study can help improve our understanding of the spatio-temporal variability of hot and dry summers, especially at the regional scale, as well as their driving mechanisms which might lead to a better predictability of these extreme events. 〈/jats:p〉
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 16
    Publication Date: 2024-05-08
    Description: Data from the Multidisciplinary drifting Observatory for the Study of Arctic Climate (MOSAiC) expedition allowed us to investigate the temporal dynamics of snowfall, snow accumulation and erosion in great detail for almost the whole accumulation season (November 2019 to May 2020). We computed cumulative snow water equivalent (SWE) over the sea ice based on snow depth and density retrievals from a SnowMicroPen and approximately weekly measured snow depths along fixed transect paths. We used the derived SWE from the snow cover to compare with precipitation sensors installed during MOSAiC. The data were also compared with ERA5 reanalysis snowfall rates for the drift track. We found an accumulated snow mass of 38 m SWE between the end of October 2019 and end of April 2020. The initial SWE over first-year ice relative to second-year ice increased from 50 % to 90 % by end of the investigation period. Further, we found that the Vaisala Present Weather Detector 22, an optical precipitation sensor, and installed on a railing on the top deck of research vessel Polarstern, was least affected by blowing snow and showed good agreements with SWE retrievals along the transect. On the contrary, the OTT Pluvio2 pluviometer and the OTT Parsivel2 laser disdrometer were largely affected by wind and blowing snow, leading to too high measured precipitation rates. These are largely reduced when eliminating drifting snow periods in the comparison. ERA5 reveals good timing of the snowfall events and good agreement with ground measurements with an overestimation tendency. Retrieved snowfall from the ship-based Ka-band ARM zenith radar shows good agreements with SWE of the snow cover and differences comparable to those of ERA5. Based on the results, we suggest the Ka-band radar-derived snowfall as an upper limit and the present weather detector on RV Polarstern as a lower limit of a cumulative snowfall range. Based on these findings, we suggest a cumulative snowfall of 72 to 107 m and a precipitation mass loss of the snow cover due to erosion and sublimation as between 47 % and 68 %, for the time period between 31 October 2019 and 26 April 2020. Extending this period beyond available snow cover measurements, we suggest a cumulative snowfall of 98-114 m.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 17
    Publication Date: 2024-05-17
    Description: In this study, the first fully continuous monitoring of water vapour isotopic composition at Neumayer Station III, Antarctica, during the 2-year period from February 2017 to January 2019 is presented. Seasonal and synoptic-scale variations in both stable water isotopes H182O and HDO are reported, and their links to variations in key meteorological variables are analysed. In addition, the diurnal cycle of isotope variations during the summer months (December and January 2017/18 and 2018/19) has been examined. Changes in local temperature and specific humidity are the main drivers for the variability in δ18O and δD in vapour at Neumayer Station III, on both seasonal and shorter timescales. In contrast to the measured δ18O and δD variations, no seasonal cycle in the Deuterium excess signal (d) in vapour is detected. However, a rather high uncertainty in measured d values especially in austral winter limits the confidence of this finding. Overall, the d signal shows a stronger inverse correlation with specific humidity than with temperature, and this inverse correlation between d and specific humidity is stronger for the cloudy-sky conditions than for clear-sky conditions during summertime. Back-trajectory simulations performed with the FLEXPART model show that seasonal and synoptic variations in δ18O and δD in vapour coincide with changes in the main sources of water vapour transported to Neumayer Station III. In general, moisture transport pathways from the east lead to higher temperatures and more enriched δ18O values in vapour, while weather situations with southerly winds lead to lower temperatures and more depleted δ18O values. However, on several occasions, δ18O variations linked to wind direction changes were observed, which were not accompanied by a corresponding temperature change. Comparing isotopic compositions of water vapour at Neumayer Station III and snow samples taken in the vicinity of the station reveals almost identical slopes, both for the δ18O–δD relation and for the temperature–δ18O relation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 18
    Publication Date: 2024-05-14
    Description: The thermokarst lakes of permafrost regions play a major role in the global carbon cycle. These lakes are sources of methane to the atmosphere although the methane flux is restricted by an ice cover for most of the year. How methane concentrations and fluxes in these waters are affected by the presence of an ice cover is poorly understood. To relate water body morphology, ice formation and methane to each other, we studied the ice of three different water bodies in locations typical of the transition of permafrost from land to ocean in a continuous permafrost coastal region in Siberia. In total, 11 ice cores were analyzed as records of the freezing process and methane composition during the winter season. The three water bodies differed in terms of connectivity to the sea, which affected fall freezing. The first was a bay underlain by submarine permafrost (Tiksi Bay, BY), the second a shallow thermokarst lagoon cut off from the sea in winter (Polar Fox Lagoon, LG) and the third a land-locked freshwater thermokarst lake (Goltsovoye Lake, LK). Ice on all water bodies was mostly methane-supersaturated with respect to atmospheric equilibrium concentration, except for three cores from the isolated lake. In the isolated thermokarst lake, ebullition from actively thawing basin slopes resulted in the localized integration of methane into winter ice. Stable δ13C-CH4 isotope signatures indicated that methane in the lagoon ice was oxidized to concentrations close to or below the calculated atmospheric equilibrium concentration. Increasing salinity during winter freezing led to a micro-environment on the lower ice surface where methane oxidation occurred and the lagoon ice functioned as a methane sink. In contrast, the ice of the coastal marine environment was slightly supersaturated with methane, consistent with the brackish water below. Our interdisciplinary process study shows how water body morphology affects ice formation which mitigates methane fluxes to the atmosphere.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 19
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: The Mellendorf and Brelingen hills are part of the large chain of contorted endmoraines (Drenthe stadial) which can be followed from the Netherlands to the region north of Braunschweig. The clay occurrences near Mellendorf, parts of them well-known for a long time, are blocks or overthrusts transported there by glacial movements. The dip of the tilted beds and the strike of clay occurrences indicate glacial thrusts from ENE, from W, TOW and from N. The dip of tilted sands and gravels in the Brelingen hills, however, points to a direction of ice motion from N to S. Micropalaeontological investigations in the clays of the Mellendorf and Brelingen hills have revealed the existence of foraminifera of Lower Cretaceous age, beginning with the Hauterivian, and a few of them also of the Upper Cretaceous. The proved thrust directions point to regions where the respective old beds of the Lower Cretaceous are exposed. Accordingly the length of transport must have been about 7—8 km. The slightly undulating country around Mellendorf is covered by a sheet of till. After the contortion, the ice advanced over the Mellendorf hills in a southern direction. The Brelingen hills, showing very recent relief and without a covering till, are younger and belong to a later recessional phase; the ice did not override them. The investigations demonstrate that three, perhaps even four, glacial thrusts of the Drenthe stadial took part in the genesis of this region.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 20
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: The Mid-Würmian "interstadial W I/II" plays a prominent part in the literature dealing with Pleistocene archaeology since 1931. This is not the case in the geological literature. Numerous strata dated by C14 measurement and sedimentanalysis, respectively, to be of Mid-Würmian age (between ca. 50000 and 30000 B.P.) in various Upper Pleistocene sequences are for the most part interstadial; ca. ten Würmian loess sequences dated by terrace morphology contain a Mid-Würmian considerable loam zone and a very weak vounger loam zone. These facts prove the reality of an interpleniglazial Mid-Würm between the two cold peaks of Early Würm and Young Würm. The interpleniglacial climate of Middle Würm was on the average rather a cool temperate one interrupted by warmer and colder oscillations. Within the Alps and in northern Europe the expansion of the Würmian and Weichselian ice-masses was stopped, they stagnated, their fronts oscillated more or less widely. At the close of the Middle Würm, the Würmian ice overflowed the northern Alpine passes and the Weichselian ice the Baltic basin, both as far as the Young Endmoraine girdle (Young Würm). In Central Europe Middle Würm divides the Middle and Upper Palaeolithic periods. To the Middle Würm has often been ascribed heretofore the well known loam stratum within the loess of Göttweig (Lower Austria), and with this loam has been correlated the basal loam zone of the triple Stillfried A complex of fossil soils displayed by loess sections of particularly arid regions (CSSR and eastern Lower Austria). Recent studies (the latest by palynology) of this loam have proved it to be of Riß/Würm Interglacial age. Till now, this correlation has not yet been demonstrated for the loam stratum of the type locality of Göttweig (also not datable by terrace morphology!). Therefore the term "Göttweig Interstadial" must be replaced by another name: Würmian Interpleniglacial.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 21
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 22
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: Das Skelett von Combe Capelle wurde bisher in das „Untere Aurignacien" (Périgordien I der neuen Nomenklatur) datiert. Diese Datierung erscheint jedoch zweifelhaft. Die alten Grabungsmethoden waren nicht exakt genug, um mit ihnen zu endgültigen stratigraphischen Schlußfolgerungen zu kommen. Die Bestattung wurde auf dem felsigen Untergrund entdeckt, leicht eingetieft in eine Strate Moustériens und „Unteren Aurignaciens". Aber es ist nicht erwiesen, daß der Tote auch zeitlich im „Unteren Aurignacien" bestattet wurde. Vielmehr scheint es, als handle es sich um ein Grab aus dem „Mittleren Aurignacien" (dem „Aurignacien typique" neuer Nomenklatur) oder sogar aus dem „Oberen Aurignacien" (dem Gravettien neuer Nomenklatur), das nachträglich in die genannten Schichten eingesenkt worden ist. Es ist wahrscheinlich, daß der Mann von Combe Capelle nicht den ältesten Menschenfund des jüngeren Paläolithikums schlechthin darstellt und daß er selber nicht auf französischem Boden bodenständig war.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 23
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Wie früher dargelegt (K. Brunnacker 1956), sollen durch die Untersuchung von Höhlensedimenten in erster Linie folgende Probleme einer Klärung näher gebracht werden: Die Unterscheidung von warm- und kaltklimatischen Sedimenten (z. B. Sinter-Frostschutt) steht im Vordergrund der gesamten Untersuchungen. Hierbei kann auf den Grundvorstellungen von R. Lais (1941) aufgebaut werden. Doch ist dabei weiter von Bedeutung, ob es sich um dem (infolge Abwitterung laufend zurückweichenden) Eingang nahe Ablagerungen handelt, oder ob Material des Höhleninneren vorliegt. Ferner ist zu klären, ob autochthones oder infolge Einwehung bzw. Einschwemmung allochthones Material den Gesteinskörper aufbaut oder daran beteiligt ist. Schließlich sind nachträgliche Veränderungen im Sediment infolge pedogener Vorgänge einschließlich der spezifischen Art der Gesteinsverwitterung und ferner die durch evtl. auch nur kurzstreckige Umlagerung am Höhlenboden bedingten Schichtlücken bzw. -Verdoppelungen zu erfassen. Diese Fragen allein durch eine laboratoriumsmäßige Auswertung der Sedimentproben klären zu wollen ist nicht sinnvoll; es kommt vielmehr auf eine Verknüpfung der hierbei gemachten Befunde mit den am Aufschluß möglichen Beobachtungen an.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 24
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Durch Bohrungen und Baugrubenaufschlüsse wurden im Bereich der Grone-Niederung im südlichen Leinetalgraben besonders vielgestaltige spätpleistozäne und holozäne Bildungen erschlossen. Durch Korrelation zahlreicher Flachbohrprofile über eine Distanz von 2,5 km wird die relative Alterstellung dieser Schichtglieder geklärt und durch Anschluß an die Ablagerungen der Leine-Niederung mit diesen in Parallele gesetzt (Abb. 2). Die Entstehung relativ mächtiger Torf- und Kalksinterlagen im Südwesten des Beobachtungsbereichs ist vermutlich durch Salzablaugung im Untergrund begünstigt worden.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 25
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Aus Island sind u. a. Steinringe öfters erwähnt und beschrieben worden. Sie sind meist relativ klein und nicht an Dauerfrostboden geknüpft. Über ihre Verbreitung gibt es nur unvollständige und z. T. unrichtige Angaben. In den inneren Hochebenen sind „Pflasterböden" häufig, aber Steinringe fehlen dort — wenigstens in sehr weiten Gebieten — ganz. Die Ursache liegt vor allem in dem sehr wasserdurchlässigen Substrat aus vulkanischen Tuffen und Laven; dazu kommt der relativ geringe Niederschlag. Der Wassermangel im Boden läßt Bodenfrosterscheinungen und die Bildung von Strukturböden zurücktreten. Auf die gleiche Ursache geht die große Verbreitung der Wüsten in Island zurück, die (ohne die Gebirge) ½ des Landes einnehmen. Die isländischen Wüsten sind vorwiegend edaphisch und nicht so sehr klimatisch bedingt. — Es wird eine Einteilung der Wüsten auf der Erde in heiße Wüsten, Kältewüsten und edaphisch bedingte Wüsten gegeben.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 26
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Vergleichende Betrachtungen der neuesten Untersuchungsergebnisse in verschiedenen Marschgebieten Niedersachsens und der Niederlande führen zu der Feststellung, daß trotz örtlich sehr unterschiedlicher Einflüsse auf das Sedimentationsgeschehen der Aufbau der holozänen Schichten von überregional wirksamen Faktoren bestimmt sein muß. Der Aufbau der holozänen Schichten im südlichen Nordseeküstengebiet wird vor allem durch die von glazialeustatischen Meeresspiegelbewegungen bedingte Meerestransgression bestimmt. Einflüsse tektonischer Krustenbewegungen und anderer Faktoren sind demgegenüber nur von untergeordneter Bedeutung. Der Ablauf der holozänen Meerestransgression an der südlichen Nordseeküste wird auf Grund von 57 Radiokarbondatierungen und umfangreicher Kartierungsarbeiten in einem Diagramm dargestellt. Es gibt unter größtmöglicher Berücksichtigung der Sedimentsetzungen die mittleren Hochwasserstände zu den verschiedenen Zeitperioden wieder. Stärkere Anstiegsbewegungen des Meeresspiegels treten im Präboreal (8000—6750 v. Chr.), im Atlantikum (5500—2500 v. Chr.) und im Subatlantikum (ab 300 v. Chr.) bis heute auf. Die umgekehrten Tendenzen sind im Boreal (6750—5500 v. Chr.) und im Subboreal (2500—300 v. Chr.) festzustellen. Diese Verlangsamungen bzw. Unterbrechungen des Transgressionsablaufes sind in etwa zeitgleich mit bedeutenden Gletscherregenerationen auf dem nordamerikanischen Kontinent. Diese beiden bedeutendsten Einschnitte in der Kurve des holozänen Transgressionsablaufes im Boreal und Subboreal werden zu einer Untergliederung des Holozäns in 3 Unterabteilungen verwendet (Alt-, Mittel-, Jungholozän). Innerhalb dieser Unterabteilungen werden dann jeweils eine untere Stufe (Transgressionsbeschleunigung) und eine obere Stufe (Transgressionsverlangsamung) unterschieden. Im Jungholozän stehen wir z. Zt. noch in der unteren Stufe. Weitere Untergliederungen ergeben sich aus der Ausscheidung kleinerer Schwankungen des Transgressionsverlaufes, wobei im unteren Mittelholozän 3 Folgen, im oberen Mittelholozän 2 Folgen und im Jungholozän 4 Folgen unterschieden werden können. Jede dieser Folgen setzt sich aus einem Überflutungs- und einem Verlandungsabschnitt zusammen.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 27
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Es werden Gründe dafür vorgebracht, daß das Holozän als besondere Epoche angesehen werden kann. Für das Pleistozän werden verschiedene Einteilungen vorgelegt, von denen die in Tab. 2 wiedergegebene als beste angesehen und zur Diskussion gestellt wird. Im Anschluß daran wird die Frage einer weiteren Teilung sowohl der Mindel (= Elster)- als auch der Saale (= Riß)-Vereisung diskutiert. Für beides sprechen gute Gründe; doch fehlt noch eine sichere Bestätigung. Schließlich wird die Einteilung der Letzten Eiszeit (Würm, Weichsel) erörtert und eine etwas veränderte Gliederung vorgeschlagen.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 28
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Der Artikel handelt über die Methodik der pleistozänen Forschungen im Terrain und über die Art der Bearbeitung paläontologischen Materials. Er zeigt die Möglichkeiten der Benutzung dieser Funde für die Stratigraphie der Würm-Sedimente. Auf Grund einer eingehenden morphologischen und metrischen Analyse der ganzen Faunen-Gemeinschaft ist es möglich die betreffende stratigraphische Einreihung durchzuführen. Die Faunen-Gemeinschaften des W 1/2-Interstadials und des R/W-Interglazials sind einander sehr ähnlich. Nach dem W 1/2-Interstadial tritt eine große faunistische Veränderung ein, und bis zum Ende des Wurms ändert sich dann diese Gesellschaft; nicht mehr. Das Ende des ersten Würm-Interstadials ist also eine sehr wichtige Grenze für die Änderung der ganzen Faunen-Gemeinschaft. Am Ende des Artikels werden dann einige stratigraphische Fragen erörtert.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 29
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Ausführliche feldgeologische und morphologische Studien sowie die Auswertung zahlreicher Tiefbohrungen (zum Teil unter Anwendung sedimentpetrographischer Methoden) ermöglichten eine kritische Neubearbeitung der quartären („fortlebenden") Tektonik der Niederrheinischen Bucht. Es wird insbesondere auf die Lagerung des Pleistozäns — vor allem der älteren Flußterrassen von Rhein und Maas — in der linksrheinischen Buchthälfte eingegangen und die Art und das Ausmaß der tektonischen Lagerungsstörungen sowie deren räumliche und zeitliche Entwicklung aufgezeigt und in Karten (Taf. II—IV) dargestellt. Die junge Tektonik besitzt einen germanotypen Charakter. Ihr Baustil wird bestimmt einerseits durch weiträumige Schichtverbiegungen, Schollenschrägstellungen und trogförmige Einsenkungen, zum andern durch zahlreiche Verwerfungen mit überwiegend vertikaler, abschiebender Bewegungskomponente. Die Bruchlinien streichen gewöhnlich NW—SE („niederrheinisch") — seltener WNW—ESE, NNW—SSE, NNE—SSW, NE–SW — und weisen eine quartäre Sprunghöhe bis zu 175 m auf. Der tektonische Formenschatz läßt im Bereich der Niederrheinischen Bucht auf eine regional dehnende Krustenbeanspruchung in SW—NE-Richtung schließen (absoluter Ausweitungsbetrag seit Beginn des Quartärs möglicherweise 90—180 m), im ganzen rheinischen Raum auf eine Anhebung und Schrägstellung der „Westdeutschen Großscholle" gegen NW. Die quartäre Kippschollentektonik stellt keine selbständige Gebirgsbildung dar, sondern sie ist in räumlicher, zeitlicher und kinetischer Hinsicht aufs engste mit der jungtertiären Bruchtektonik der Niederrheinischen Bucht verknüpft. Man faßt beide am besten zu einem jungtertiär-quartären Bruchbildungszyklus zusammen. Dieser setzt mit schwachen, aber verbreiteten Bruchbewegungen im höheren Miozän (vermutlich mit dem Sarmat) ein; örtlich auch schon etwas früher (im Helvet und Torton). Im Verlauf der Pliozän-Zeit verstärkt sich die Bruchtätigkeit, und der Höhepunkt der Schollenverschiebungen wird im oberen Pliozän und im älteren Pleistozän erreicht. Erhebliche synsedimentäre und intersedimentäre Krustenbewegungen haben sich im Quartär während der Bildungszeit der Älteren und der Jüngeren Hauptterrasse, d. h. im prä-günz-eiszeitlichen und günz-eiszeitlichen Pleistozän ereignet, wo an manchen Sprüngen ein Verwurf von 80 und mehr Metern aufriß. Auch nach der Günz-Eiszeit kam es noch zu beträchtlichen Dislokationen, welche sich gewöhnlich deutlich in der heutigen Geländegestalt abzeichnen. Diese Bruchbewegungen erfolgen zum Teil vor dem Drenthe-Stadium der Riß-Eiszeit (vermutlich gekoppelt mit dem kräftigen Aufleben der Kippbewegung der „Westdeutschen Großscholle" im Mindel-Glazial und im Mindel/Riß-Interglazial), zum Teil während dieser Zeitspanne und auch noch nachher. Ablagerungen der Drenthe-Zeit sind an großen „fortlebenden" Sprüngen bis zu 30 m verworfen. Mit dem Riß/Würm-Interglazial und der Würm-Eiszeit klingt die Bruchtätigkeit merklich ab. Erst in der Nacheiszeit und der Gegenwart scheint sie wieder etwas aufzuleben. Die quartäre Bruchtektonik beschränkt sich in ihrer räumlichen Verbreitung im wesentlichen auf einen mittleren und westlichen Teilabschnitt der Niederrheinischen Bucht, wo sich ein von bedeutsamen Randstrukturen begrenzter Schollenstreifen („Niederrheinische Hauptbruchfurche") nicht erst in quartärer Zeit, sondern in gleicher Weise auch schon früher im Tertiär als ein Häufungsgebiet besonders großer Verwerfungen bemerkbar macht. In historischer Zeit stellt diese mobile Bruchfurche eine Zone erhöhter Seismizität dar.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 30
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Nord-Cyrenaika besteht aus einem Gebiet von Kalksteinhügeln, welche von tiefen und schmalen Tälern durchsetzt sind. Auf den Abhängen dieser Täler finden sich Schuttdecken zweierlei Alters, wovon die älteren festverkittet und mit terrassiertem Kies wechsellagern, während die jüngeren nicht verfestigt sind und keine zugeordneten Terrassen haben. Beide Schichten können archäologisch mit der Schichtfolge in der Haua Fteah-Höhle korreliert werden, wo Higgs (1961) eine klimatische Folge nachgewiesen hat. Es wurde gefunden, daß die beiden Schichten zwei sukzessiven kalten Zeiten des Spätpleistozäns entsprechen. Die Gerölle werden dem Spaltenfrost zugeschrieben, welch letzterer daher mittelbar für die terrassierten Kiese verantwortlich wäre. Es wird versucht, diese Resultate als abhängig von Temperatur und Niederschlag zu erklären.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 31
    Publication Date: 1962-01-15
    Description: The mountains of Kurdistan are a portion of the Taurus-Zagros, mountain arc that extends through southern Turkey, northern Iraq, and southwestern Iran and separates the Anatolian-Iranian Plateaus from the Mesopotamian Lowland. The crest reaches elevations of 3000-4000 m in the segment from the Cilo Dagh area in southeastern Turkey for 250 km to the Algurd Dagh area in northern Iraq. Southeastward the crestal elevation descends to 2200-2800 m, but in the Zardeh Kuh of southern Iran it again locally reaches 4000 m. The highest part of the range is generally in the belt of metamorphic rocks. The outer ridges are formed mostly by long folds of Mesozoic limestone, giving way in the foothills to folds in sediments as young as Pliocene. Within Kurdistan the ranges are cut transversely by four major tributaries of the Tigris River, namely the Khabur, Greater Zab, Lesser Zab, and Diyala Rivers. The climate of Kurdistan is marked by winter precipitation and summer drought. The rains are brought in part by cyclonic disturbances from the Mediterranean Sea, and in part by circulation around an anticyclone centered in winter over the Arabian peninsula. The regional precipitation increases with elevation in the mountains, and ranges from about 300 mm per year in the outer foothills to more than 1000 mm in the highest part of the range in the area of the Cilo Dagh and Algurd Dagh. The precipitation reaches a maximum here not only because the mountains are high and massive but also because here the trend of the ranges shifts from east to southeast, and the storms which follow the outer flank of the range from the Mediterranean Sea eastward are forced to rise over the mountains or be diverted sharply to the southeast. Inland from the mountains on the high Anatolian and Iranian Plateaus the precipitation falls abruptly to 300-500 mm. The vegetation in Kurdistan closely reflects the climate. The lower treellne has a general elevation of 700-1000 m on the outer foothills of the mountains for most of the distance along the ranges, and follows approximately the 500 mm precipitation line. The woodland consists domln-antly of deciduous oak, locally reduced to scrub by woodcutters and goats. In addition upiper may be found generally in the upper part of the forest zone. Maple, walnut, hawthorne, almond, and ash occur with the oak at middle elevations, and pistachio and olive are found on some of the drier sites. The upper treeline on the outer ranges occurs at an elevation of about 2000 m, and is presumably limited at this elevation by the temperature (January mean about 10° C). Southeastward along the range in Iran, where the crests of the ridges are generally less than 3000 m, the forest cover extends farther inland and terminates in what may be considered an inner tree-line, where the precipitation Is about 500 mm and the elevation about 1300-1500 m. Pleistocene glacial features were studied principally in three regions, the Algurd Dagh area in Iraq, Ruwandiz River area nearby, and the Cilo Dagh area in Turkey. The ridges near Algurd Dagh reach 3000-3500 m in elevation, and are so located with respect to the drainage that extensive Pleistocene glaciers formed on the northern slopes and flowed through gaps southward down valleys tributary to the Greater Zab River to elevations as low as 1100 m. The upper portions of broad valleys were plugged with glacial debris without distinct morainic loops but with lakes and other small depressions. Small cirques with floors as low as 1500 m were found on north-facing scopes of subsidiary ridges. The Ruwandiz River, one of the major tributaries of the Greater Zab River, contains Pleistocene glaclo-fluvial gravels at least 30 m thick in terraces 40-60 m above the present river. Although fresh cirques were found on some of the ridges crossed by the Ruwandiz River, the terraces do not head in a distinct moraine complex, and it is possible that they pre-date the last major gllacial advance. The relations are complicated by the presence of deposits attributed to landsliding In the headwater region. There terraces themselves contain intercalated colluvium and soil; they are overlain by thick colluvium that may represent the last glacial phase as well as the post-glacial. Earlier Pleistocene events In this region are recorded by still higher benches of limestone breccia (with Mousterian caves) on the hill slopes as well as by a remnant of a deposit of sand and gravel and even thin layers of lacustrine silt and limestone standing 250 m above the Ruwandiz River. In the area north of Cilo Dagh in southeastern Turkev, Pleistocene glacial deposits were found along the Greater Zab River as low as 1500 m elevation. They were supplied by glaciers originating on the north side of Cilo Dagh as well as on subsidiary ridges to the north and west. The lowest Pleistocene cirques identified have an elevation of about 1800 m, but the only areas visited were actuallv in the northern part of the glaciated area, where the precipitation is less than in the main Cilo Dagh and its outer flank. Although no modern glaciers exist in the Algurd Dagh area, several small remnants were mapped by BOBEK in cirques in the Cilo Dagh. The modern snowline on shaded exposures is placed at about 3300 m. Pleistocene cirques at 2100 m in the Cilo Dagh area and at 1500 m in the Algurd Dagh area imply a Pleistocene snowline depression of 1200-1800 m, a figure much larger than the 700 m postulated by Bobek. If Pleistocene depression of the snowline is assumed to be a result of depression of temperature alone, then the mean annual temperature must have been at least 12° C lower (based on a vertical temperature gradient of about 0.7° C/100 m). Such a value is as great as that infered for central Europe, where permafrost and tundra flora and fauna were apparently widespread. For Kurdistan there are no frost features or paleontologic records to indicate such low temperatures, and it is probable that the glaciation was result of increased snowfall as well as moderately lower temperature. This conclusion applies only to the outer flank of the Kurdish mountains, which may have received greatly increased winter snowfall as Mediterranean storms were intensified on the margin of a strengthened Asiatic anticyclone. On the Anatolian and Iranian Plateaus, however, the precipitation may not necessarily have been greater, and search for reliable geologic and paleontologic evidence must be made in this region. Despite the evidence for markedly different climatic conditions in Kurdistan during the last glacial phase of the Pleistocene, there is little evidence yet that climatic change near the Pleistocene was critical in the evolution of early man from hunters to farmers and herders. The transitional stages occurred during the period about 11,000 to 9,000 years ago, and it is probable that the climatic change that brought about glacier recession had been essentially by that time. In any case, the Pleistocene climatic changes may have involved only an altitudinal shifting of the life zones within the Kurdish mountains and foothills and the Mesopotamian piedmont, and that even during the glacial period there were natural habitats suitable for the animals and plants destined to be domesticated as soon as man reached the requisite cultural level.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 32
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: Für eine pedologische Grundgliederung des Quartärs bietet sich eine Dreiteilung an. Durch die interglazialen Böden zwischen typisch kaltklimatischen Ablagerungen glazigener, fluvioglazialer und vor allem periglazialer Fazies wird das Quartär vom Günz ab bis zum Postglazial stratigraphisch erfaßt. Davor liegt ein Abschnitt, der pedologisch durch Riesenböden und geologisch wie geomorphologisch z. T. durch mächtige Talverschüttungen gekennzeichnet ist. Ein ältester Quartärabschnitt zeichnet sich durch Reliktböden aus. Während noch beim mittleren Abschnitt einige Aussagen über die kühleren Zwischenphasen gemacht werden können, ist es beim ältesten Abschnitt bislang nicht möglich gewesen, die zugehörigen Kaltzeiten (i. e. S.) direkt zu erfassen.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 33
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: The eolian sediments of the "Würm" following above the last interglacial soil Parabraunerde and pseudogleyed Parabraunerde respectively) can be divided — by characteristic soil horizons — into three sections (old, middle and young Würm). Typical for the old Würm are humic zones, for the middle Würm — besides several "Naßböden" browncoloured (weathered) zones of decalcification with a thickness of up to 1,1 m, and for the young Würm several weakly developed thin browneoloured weathering zones and "Naßböden" (wet soils). The most significant key horizon of the young Würm is the Kärlich tuff layer which recently was also encountered in Northern Hessen. Finally, the division scheme estabilished in Hessen is compared with the Würm-loess divisions in other countries of Europe.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 34
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 35
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Es werden zwei Fragmente von Mammut-Stoßzähnen beschrieben, die aus den basalen „Knochen-Schichten" der Emscher-Niederterrasse (letzte Eiszeit) bei Herne und Bottrop entstammen. Beide Stoßzahn-Fragmente zeigen am distalen Ende Schliffmarken, die auf Scharrbewegungen im gefrorenen Schnee oder Sand zurückgeführt werden. Ein drittes Fundstück zeigt beidseitig zur Spitze des Stoßzahn-Fragmentes hin meißelartige Abflachungen. Vermutlich wurde dieser Stoßzahn als Arbeitszahn zum Ausgraben von Pflanzen oder zum Suchen nach Wasser benutzt; vielleicht liegt aber auch ein Artefakt vor. Das vierte Fundstück endlich, allseitig stark gerundet, am proximalen Ende mit poliert erscheinender Oberfläche, stammt aus der Knochenschicht des Schwarzbachtales bei Gelsenkirchen-Hessler. Es wird vermutet, daß es sich hierbei um ein altpaläolithisches Gerät handelt, das wie die bekannten „Glockenschaber" aus Knochen zum Enthaaren der Tierfelle verwandt wurde.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 36
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Zum ersten Mal wird von authentischer Seite ausführlicher über die Ergebnisse einer seit 7 Jahren im Gebiete der nördlichen Frankenaib durchgeführten paläontologisch-urgeschichtlichen Grabung berichtet. Das in einer Höhlenruine bei Hunas (ca. 40 km östlich von Nürnberg) erschlossene vielgliederige Schichtenprofil reicht vom Würm über das Riß-Würm-Interglazial bis in das Riß zurück. Diese Datierung kann sich nicht allein auf eine reiche Ausbeute an Saugetierresten stützen, sondern findet ihre weitere Untermauerung auch durch die petrographisch-pedologische Untersuchung des Sedimentmaterials. Besondere Bedeutung erlangt der Fundplatz schließlich durch die Entdeckung von insgesamt über 250 ortsfremden Silices, die aus nicht weniger als 5 verschiedenen Niveaus des Riß-Würm und des Riß stammen.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 37
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Ausgedehnte geologische Kartierungen des Ministry of Agriculture von Saudi Arabien werden zur Zeit westlich des Rub al-Khali an den Südausläufern des Dj. Tuwaik zur Wassererschließung durchgeführt. Detailliertere Profilstudien im Gebiet zwischen 18°—19° nördl. Br. und 44°30'—46° östl. v. Greenwich (vgl. Abb. 1) ergeben östlich des Dünenfeldes von Nefud Ed Dahi an den Westabstürzen des Dj. Tuwaik folgendes allgemeine und regional weitverbreitete Profilbild.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 38
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Serienmäßige Bohrungen in verschiedenen Teilen der Bersenbrücker Höhen NW Osnabrück (Westdeutschland) und ihres nördlichen und südlichen Vorlandes geben einen Einblick in die innere Struktur dieser saaleeiszeitlichen Stauchzone auch dort, wo Geschiebesand- und Flottlehmbedeckung den Verschuppungsbau aus Septarienton, Oligozän- und Miozänsanden sowie präsaalischen Terrassenschottern und -sanden verhüllen.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 39
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Die Einwanderungen einiger paläarktischer Säugetiere ins Nearktikum werden folgendermaßen datiert: Smilodontine Säbelzahnkatzen Elster (Kansan). Schwarzbären Elster (Kansan). Braunbären, bzw. Grizzlybären Wurm (Wisconsin). Vielfraß Saale (Illinoian). Für eine befriedigende Korrelation zwischen den eiszeitlichen Säugetierfaunen des nearktischen und paläarktischen Raumes müßten noch eine Reihe von Einwanderungsbeispielen analysiert werden.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 40
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Aus dem Rheingletschergebiet werden interglaziale Verwitterungshorizonte und eine überschliffene Nagelfluh beschrieben. Der bodenkundlich genauer untersuchte Horizont von Neufra bei Riedlingen (Donau) läßt Rückschlüsse auf seine Bildungszeit zu. Infolgedessen bekommt er allgemeine stratigraphische Bedeutung für den Rheingletscher: er trennt die bisher unter „Riß" zusammengefaßte Altmoräne in Riß und Mindel. Dadurch verschieben sich alle älteren pleistozänen Schichtglieder um eine Stufe rückwärts.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 41
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Die altpleistozänen Kiese der Veluwe können als zugehörige grobklastische Petrofazies zwei lithostratigraphischen Einheiten zugeteilt werden: den Schichten von Harderwijk (mit der älteren Hellendoorn Kies-Assoziation) und den Schichten von Enschede (ältere Kies-Assoziation Noord-Nederland). An der Basis der letzteren finden sich nordische Geschiebe führende Grobsande, die Komplex von Hartem genannt worden sind. Die Geschiebe-Vergesellschaftung ist von besonderer Eigenart und gekennzeichnet durch starke südschwedische Geschiebe-Vormacht. Die Schichten von Enschede sind z. T. älter als ein Interglazial, das bisher mit dem Cromer Forest Bed parallelisiert worden ist. Älter als dieses Interglazial ist mit großer Wahrscheinlichkeit der Hattem-Komplex.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 42
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Aus der Fundschicht des fossilen Menschenschädels von Rhünda wurden C14-Gehalt und C13-Abweichung von Kalksinter-Inkrustationen um Algen und Pflanzenhäcksel gemessen. Die Fundschicht ist danach 9000 Jahre, bei Berücksichtigung von möglicherweise eingelagertem Löß-Kalk mindestens 8500 Jahre alt und stammt somit aus dem späten Präboreal, allenfalls aus dem Beginn des Boreals.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 43
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Die Petrographie und die Fazies der altpleistozänen Schichten am mittleren Tiber werden beschrieben. Nach der Parallelisierung der Vorkommen liegt eine fluviatile Schotterfolge im allgemeinen über dem in Asti- und Piacenza-Fazies entwickelten marinen Oberpliozän. Die Schotterfolge wird überlagert von limnischen Sedimenten, die geringmächtige Braunkohlenflöze führen. Im Liegenden der limnischen Schichten sind lokal die marinen Ablagerungen der Kalabrischen Ingression eingeschaltet. Im Hangenden der limnischen Schichten sind vulkanische Tuffe und Laven und fluviatile Schotter ausgebildet. Die genannten altpleistozänen Schichten werden von mächtigen weitausgedehnten Travertinen bedeckt. Es wird versucht, die auskartierten Schichten nach Fazies und Fossilinhalt Kalt- und Warmzeiten zuzuordnen und so in das stratigraphische System des Quartärs einzustufen. Es wurden drei Terrassen festgestellt, die von der Paglia-Mündung gegen das Becken von Rom an Auenabstand verlieren und schließlich unter die holozänen Sedimente der Flußaue abtauchen. Die Konvergenz der Terrassen zeigt eine tektonische Hebung des Gebietes am mittleren Tiber und eine Absenkung des Beckens von Rom an. Die Oberflächen der beiden älteren Terrassen sind von Travertin und vulkanischem Tuff bedeckt; die jüngste Terrasse ist frei von diesen Bildungen. Der Einfluß der tektonischen, klimatischen und thalassostatischen Faktoren auf die Terrassenbildung wird diskutiert, und es wird versucht, die Terrassen in das stratigraphische System des Quartärs einzuordnen.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 44
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: An der Südseite des Lovcen (1749m) östlich Kotor gab es nach Cvijic (1904) keinerlei Vergletscherungsspuren. Verfasser konnte am Südrand des Beckens von Kuk Moränen in 1430 m Höhe nachweisen, die in einem dolinenbedeckten Gelände liegen und daher wohl von Cvijic übersehen wurden. Als Schneegrenze wird eine Höhe von 1550 m angenommen. In den Moränen von Kuk wurden Eiskeile und Strukturböden gefunden, die außer durch die Form durch splitteriges Material und durch aufgerichtete Gesteine belegt werden konnten. Eine würmeiszeitliche Temperaturerniedrigung von mindestens 10° C war dafür erforderlich.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 45
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Die Flußgeschichte der Elbe wurde durch eine Reihe zielstrebig angesetzter wissenschaftlicher Bohrungen und Schürfe weiter geklärt. Ablagerungen des Flusses werden im Berliner Räume vom Ausgang der Elster-Vereisung bis zum Einsetzen der Saale-Vereisung nachgewiesen. Das Berliner Paludinen-Interglazial wird in die Flußgeschichte einbezogen und eine thalassostatische Aufschotterung bis an den Nordrand des Flämings aufgezeigt („Paludinenkiese"). Die „Wietstocker Kiese" auf der Teltowhochfläche südlich von Berlin und die Schotter der Heidesandterrasse in Dresden werden in die Vorstoßphase der Saale-Vereisung eingestuft. Ein elstereiszeitliches Alter der gemengten Elbschotter von Groß-Thiemig und Elsterwerda-Biehla wird festgestellt. Daraus ergeben sich neue Hinweise auf den Verlauf des Flusses von den ersten tektonischen Bewegungen im Gebiet des Dresdener Elbtalgrabens bis zur Transgression des Elster-Inlandeises. Besonders wichtig ist die Entdeckung und eingehendere Erkundung eines Holstein-Interglazials in der Talsenke zwischen Ockrilla und Jessen bei Meißen. Es wird eine Zeittabelle zur Flußgeschichte vom ausgehenden Pliozän bis zum Einsetzen der Saale-Vereisung vorgelegt.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 46
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 47
    Publication Date: 1962-01-15
    Description: Über Rhätsandstein mit zwei Systemen von Gletscherschrammen wurden die glazigenen Deckschichten untersucht und eine Serie von stellenweise übereinanderliegenden Grundmoränen nachgewiesen, deren nicht überall erhaltene älteste das ältere Schrammensystem schuf. Der geschiebekundliche Nachweis einer allmählichen Änderung in der Richtung der als elstereiszeitlich erkannten Gletscherbewegung läßt es möglich erscheinen, daß die jüngere Schrammenrichtung durch einen jüngeren elstereiszeitlichen Eisvorstoß verursacht wurde. Im Zusammenhang mit gletscherbedingten Gesteinsausbrüchen, wie sie als Kleinform an Parabelrissen beschrieben wurden, wird jedoch auch eine andere Entstehungsmöglichkeit angedeutet. Die angewandten Untersuchungsmethoden lassen es möglich erscheinen, auch in anderen Grundmoränenaufschlüssen differenzierte Bewegungsabläufe von Eisbewegungen und somit Untergliederungen einer Eiszeit herauszulesen.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 48
    Publication Date: 1962-01-15
    Description: Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wurden im Niederrheingebiet die fossilen Böden auf den Terrassen und in den Deckschichten untersucht. Die Untersuchungen im Gelände wurden im Laboratorium durch Korngrößenanalysen, röntgenographische Analysen der Tonsubstanz und durch mikromorphologische Studien ergänzt. Durch bodenkundlichen Vergleich, palaeolithische Funde und C14-Bestimmungen ergab sich im Arbeitsgebiet folgende stratigraphische Gliederung der Deckschichten (vgl. Abb. 32): Drenthe-Löß, der während der Drenthe/Warthe-Warmzeit zu einem braunlehmartigen gelblichroten Boden (Wegberger Bodenbildung) verwitterte, ist nur im Profil Wegberg aufgeschlossen. Der Warthe-Löß wird durch eine Parabraunerde. die Rheindahlener Bodenbildung, in zwei Teile gegliedert. Der Eem-Boden ist durch eine z. T. stark pseudovergleyte Parabraunerde, die Erkelenzer Bodenbildung, vertreten. Der Ältere Weichsel-Löß stellt sich in zwei verschiedenen Fazies vor. Im nördlichen Niederrheingebiet ist er meist geschichtet und zu einer z. T. erodierten Braunerde verwittert. Die Schichtung ist durch wiederholte Solifluktion. Bodenbildung und Lößbildung entstanden. Im südlichen Teil des Arbeitsgebiets ist dieser Löß durch sandigere Einlagerungen nur noch schwach gestreift, durch eine kalkhaltige Braunerde nur noch einmal untergliedert und schwach zu einer kalkhaltigen Braunerde verwittert. Der Jüngere Weichsel-Löß besitzt im unteren Teil einen Naßboden, im mittleren Teil häufig Flugsandeinlagerungen und ist im Spätglazial und Holozän zu einer Parabraunerde verwittert. Mit Hilfe der Deckschichten und der im folgenden kurz beschriebenen Merkmale der fossilen Böden auf den Terrassenkiesen wurde eine Gliederung der Rheinterrassen versucht. Die Kiese und Sande der Hauptterrasse (HT) und der Oberen Mittelterrasse (oMT) sind durch intensive Bodenbildung während mehrerer Interglaziale zu einem braunlehmartigen gelblichroten Interglazial-boden verwittert. Charakteristische Merkmale dieser Böden sind Dichte, leuchtend gelblichrote Färbung und mächtige Profilentwicklung. Der Tongehalt beträgt durchschnittlich 19%; die Skelettkörner sind im Dünnschliff in eine stark verwürgte, strähnige und dichte Grundmasse aus doppelbrechendem Braunlehmteilplasma eingebettet. Die Tonmineralgarnitur besteht ausschließlich aus Kaolinit und lllit mit sehr breiter Basisinterferenz. In den Deckschichten konnten Drenthe-, Warthe-und Weichsel-Lösse nachgewiesen werden. Der ähnlich ausgebildete braunlehmartige gelblichrote Interglazialboden der Drenthe/Warthe-Warmzeit auf der Unteren Mittelterrasse (uMT) und auf den glazialen Schottern und Sanden der Rißvereisung ist schwächer entwickelt. Neben Illit und Kaolinit ist ein deutlicher Gehalt an Vermikulit in der Tonfraktion enthalten. Die kräftige Verwitterung der uMT während der Drenthe/Warthe-Warmzeit, die Frechener Bodenbildung, fehlt auf der Krefelder Terrasse (KT). In der Warthe-Eiszeit wurde über der Terrasse schon der jüngere Warthe-Löß abgesetzt. Daraus folgt, daß die KT während eines frühen Warthe-Stadiums entstanden ist. In den Terrassenkiesen werden häufig rötlichbraune Tonanreicherungsbänder beobachtet, die durch Toneinschlämmung aus den überlagernden fossilen und rezenten Parabraunerden aus Löß entstanden sind und daher ähnlich ausgebildet sind wie die in der Niederterrasse (NT). Die NT setzt sich aus zwei verschiedenen Schotterkörpern zusammen: Die jüngere, Laacher Birns führende Stufe, die während der Jüngeren Dryaszeit entstanden ist, lagert bei Bonn in einigen Gruben in geringer Mächtigkeit auf der frostgestörten bimsfreien älteren Stufe oder auf einem bimshaltigen allochthonen braunen Kalkauenboden des Alleröds. So war also die Aufschotterung der älteren Stufe zu Beginn des Alleröds abgeschlossen. Die Kiese und Sande der NT sind von einem zu einer Parabraunerde verwitterten Hochflutlehm oder von einem zu einer Sand-Parabraunerde verwitterten Flugsand bedeckt. Bei völliger Entkalkung der Deckschichten wurde die Tonsubstanz z. T. in die Terrassenschotter durchgeschlämmt und in rötlichbraunen Tonanreicherungsbändern wieder abgesetzt. Neben Illit und Kaolinit setzt sich die Tonsubstanz, die in den Bändern durchschnittlich 8% ausmacht, aus Montmorillonit, Hydrobiotit und Vermikulit zusammen. Im Schliffbild sind die Skelettkörper nur noch von dünnen, bei + N doppelbrechenden Plasmahäutchen umgeben. Auf Plasmabrücken ist die Bindigkeit des Bodenmaterials zurückzuführen. Das Hochflutbett des Rheins wurde während des Praeboreals angelegt. Der allochthone braune Kalkauenboden ist hier der herrschende Bodentyp.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 49
    Publication Date: 1962-01-15
    Description: Neben Schädel- und Zahnbau ist die Körpergröße und die Proportionierung des metapodialen Gliedmaßenabschnittes ein sehr wichtiges Merkmal. Für beide werden Beziehungen zu bestimmten Temperaturverhältnissen des jeweiligen Lebensraumes und zu dessen landschaftlichen Charakter wahrscheinlich gemacht. Ihre Ermittlung vermag auch wertvolle Hinweise in taxionomischen und stammesgeschichtlichen Fragen zu geben, als Merkmale allein genommen können sie aber nicht als Grundlage einer taxionomischen Ordnung dienen, da Angehörige verschiedener Formenkreise annähernd gleiche Körpergröße und -proportionierung zeigen. Im Gegensatz zu den Eseln, Halbeseln, Zebras, aber auch zum Przewalski-Pferd und wahrscheinlich auch zu den Pferden des Equus sanmeniensis — Formenkreises sind sämtliche pleistozänen Pferde der Untergattung Caballus in der eurosibirischen Region unabhängig von der Körpergröße „schwer" gebaut, d. h. sie besitzen kurze, verhältnismäßig plumpe Metapodien. Sie waren Wald-, Bergland oder Tundrabewohner und nicht in trockenwarmen oder -kalten, ebenen Steppengebieten beheimatet. Das gleiche dürfte auch für die altquartären Pferde des „Allohippus"-Formenkreises anzunehmen sein. Eine Gruppierung nach drei Größenkategorien kann vorgenommen werden (Groß-, Mittel- und Kleinpferde). Groß- und Kleinpferde gehören möglicherweise jeweils zu einer taxionomischen Einheit, die Mittelpferde sind dagegen ein Formengemenge. Zumindest von der Holstein-Warmzeit an erscheinen in Mittel- und Osteuropa, sowie in Nordasien große Pferde in den Tiergesellschaften der wärmeren Phasen, das Auftreten von Klein- und Kleinstpferden steht im Zusammenhang mit dem Vorherrschen ungünstiger Klimabedingungen.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 50
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: Elster-glacial loess has been found below the Holstein Interglacial clay of the brick-works Kerrl at Northeim. This formation is now rather well exposed. Up to the present, there has not been safe evidence of loess of such a high age. A brief description of this new outcrop which is of significance for the Interglacial as well, is therefore presented.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 51
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: A frost-kettle is described as situated in the eastern part of the town of Bielefeld and reaching about 3 m into green and red marl, which had been moved episodically during the Würm glaciation. The frost-kettle was filled with yellow sand and glacial rubble as well as 4 layers of brown sand with small particles of clay (2.5 cm thick), inserted at regular intervals into the yellow sand. The brown layers showed a frost-upheaval of 5.5 cm in the centre due to hydration in a cold stadium of the last glaciation. While the yellow sand was washed into the cleft during the summer thawing periods, the clay particles of the brown layers consisting of weathered marl were blown into it after the soil had been dried. As loess-loam lies above a stone-layer showing no frost-dynamic modifications, the frost-kettle must have been formed during the second phase of the Würm glaciation, i. e. the high-glacial period.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 52
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: The existence of "earth-cones" (Erdkegel) in the region of the lower Blies valley has already been mentioned by G. Selzer (1959). By examining the variations of the soil profile the author succeeded in reconstructing the soilmovements resulting in the formation of the earth-cones without being forced to observe these movements themselves. — The article contains observations concerning the special distribution, the shape and the vegetation cover of the earth-cones, which are very frequent in the lower Blies region (Bliesgau). These observations permit to draw further conclusions as to the conditions under which these earth-cones are formed.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 53
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Die Neuuntersuchung des Interglazialvorkommens von Fahrenkrug bei Segeberg (Holstein) ergab ein saale/weichselinterglaziales Alter (Zone e bis i). Die Angabe von Rotbuche, Fagus silvatica L., muß auf eine Fehlbestimmung zurückgeführt werden. Da bisher Rotbuchenfunde älteren Datums durch Nachuntersuchungen nicht bestätigt werden konnten, muß mit dem Fehlen von Fagus mindestens für das Jungpleistozän Nord- und Mitteleuropas gerechnet werden. Ausnahmen, die vermutlich in ein Würm-Interstadial zu stellen sind, sind aus dem Alpengebiet bekannt. Möglicherweise hängen hiermit fernverwehte Buchenpollen in einigen Fundplätzen des Brørup-Interstadials zusammen.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 54
    Publication Date: 1962-01-15
    Description: The main masses of detritus and silts („See-Löß"), deposited in water and filling the vast plateau-valleys of Kerman-area, seem to have been formed during semi-arid conditions till in older Holocene times. North of Buhabad and in the town of Kerman, areas which are now-days arid or nearly desertic, sediments of a brackisch lake and of shallow fresh-or oligohaline waters indicate that once precipitation and humidity were higher than doday. In Kerman they contain layers of marly peat and are thought to be formed during the Last Pluvial Period. They are rich in remains of fungi, ferns, and mollusc, some of which are land gastropods depending on humid environment. These are now extinct on the Iranian Plateau but living in the damp forest areas of the Hyrcanian countries. At Kuhbanan a microlithic industry was discovered. Regarding the artifact types this industry can be called an Upper Mesolithic. Similar to the Natufian of Palestine there are already plenty sickle blades with a bright patina derived from the silica in the grain stems. This seems to testify the stage of beginning agriculture in Iran in very old times or at least a harvesting of wild grain under climatic conditions suitable for its growth.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 55
    Publication Date: 1962-01-15
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 56
    Publication Date: 1962-01-15
    Description: Kein Abstract verfügbar.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 57
    Publication Date: 1962-01-15
    Description: Die jungen (quartären und tertiären) Vulkangebiete Europas werden auf einer Karte dargestellt und dazu einige allgemeine Bemerkungen über zeitliche Verteilung, petrographische und tektonische Beziehungen des jungen Vulkanismus gemacht.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 58
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: From the waterworks of Bensberg east of Cologne and a gravel-pit near Efferen west of Cologne, there have been described layers of clay and fine-sand, containing fossils with humus layers from a depth of about 16 to 18, 20 meters below the surface of the Lower Middle-Terrace of the Rhine (i.e.: about 58 m above sea-level). These sediments enable us to separate stratigraphically in the sand-gravel-sequences the overlying from the underlying stratum one. Heavy mineral analysis shows, that the underlying series belongs to the Middle Middle-Terrace of the Rhine (of Late-Mindel-age). The distribution of this terrace within the Lower-Rhine-Basin thus cannot be limited only to some narrow channels („Channel-Gravel"), but is supposed to be developped over the whole breadth of the valley, like in the Middle-Rhine-Valley, yet here buried under sediments of the Lower Middle-Terrace. The palynologic investigation of the humus layers within the clay and flnesand-layers of the waterworks of Bensberg shows a flora indicating a late-interglacial age by their high percentage of Abies-Alnus-Picea-values. According to the stratigraphical findings they can only be attached to the Mindel/Riß-interglacial Krefeld-Beds. The investigations carried out led to a critical examination of the existing attempts of difTeren-ciating the Middle-Pleistocene beds in the Lower-Rhine Basin. The Kempen and Neuwerk Beds have to be separated from the Krefeld Beds, according to both the stratigraphic and the floristic and faunistic findings, and must be attached to the Gerdau-Interstadial, the first one probably belonging to a late and the latter (much more probably) to a middle part of this Drenthe/Warthe-Interstadial. The authors try to give a climatic-chronologic table of all Middle Pleistocene beds in the Lower-Rhine-Basin.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 59
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: Certain periglacial phenomena (ice-wedges, cryoturbations, patterned ground, pingos) are critically investigated with respect to their outer appearance as well as to the causes of their formation, but especially how far they might be used as indicators of an old permafrost. The results for Central and Western Europe have been mapped according to our actual status of knowledge. The attempts hitherto made to reconstruct the climate of the Quaternary glacial periods, have been thoroughly checked. A new calculation of the maximum diminution of Pleistocene temperature gives a value of 15—16° C (bottom temperature) in Central and Western Europe. For the Younger Dryas we still have to expect a temperature depression of 11—12° C. Both values have been found by comparing mean annual temperatures in the border-zone of permafrost at the high-glacial time and during the Younger Dryas with the actual temperatures. This is true on the premise that the active permafrost area can be limited by the — 2° C annual isotherme, both under actual as well as under glacial climatic conditions.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 60
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 61
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: The depression values of the summer temperature and also of the mean annual temperature in Western Siberia during the last glaciation, have been deduced. This calculation has been based on the different position of the boreal boundaries of the tundra and the continental deciduous forests during the ice ages and at the present time. According to these calculations the following depressions of summer temperature have been obtained: 5-8° C near the arctic circle and 2-4° C in the latitude of 50° North, in comparison with the 10-12° C depression in Central Europe. Afterwards it has been discussed whether or not these relatively small depressions can be explained exclusively on the basis of the higher continentality of the central part of Eurasia in comparison with the western or eastern part of this continent. As this seems to be impossible, it is necessary to look for other facts that could be related to this problem. In the opinion of the author the relative stability of climatic conditions in Western Siberia during the whole Quaternary could be easily explained by the change between the meridional-circulation (low-index-type), prevailing during the glacial periods, and the reinforced zonal-circulation (high-index-type) during the interglacial and postglacial periods.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 62
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: While making new geological maps of some parts of the Weser river area, the Holocene of this river and his affluents has been mapped. The flood loam („Hochflut- or Auelehm") could be divided into at least three different formations. The sedimentation of the oldest flood loam begins in each area at different times, but usually it is at work in the second half of the Atlanticum, and ends at the beginning of the Subatlanticum. Two younger flood loams may, on the other side, be principally put into the time about 0 and after 1.000 A.D. The author proposes new technical ideas for the geological mapping of the Holocene of river valleys. He thinks that only after having mapped some more parts of the Weser valley, it will become possible to get an idea about the cause and the significance of the repeated flood loam sedimentation.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 63
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: Proposals for the time-stratigraphic subdivision of the Holocene in Europe. The progress in geochronology (varve-counting, dendrochronology, C 14-dating, etc.) makes an accurate delimination of the sub-units of the Holocene possible. A standard division should be compiled. We propose to fix chronologically (e.g. by C 14) the boundaries of sections found through biostratigraphic methods, and to reexamine chronologically the local lithostratigraphic-biostratigraphic divisions of Europe and to add these to the reference scheme. For a standard subdivision, a part of southern Jutland is proposed because here, the dating of the beginning of each biostratigraphic (forest historical) section is possible. This scheme might then be linked with the events of the marine facies-region. The boundaries of the pollen zones should here be reexamined by chronological methods. The names of the sub-sections of the Holocene should in the future be applied as follows: a) to time-units coinciding in time with the sections of the standard-subdivision, b) to sub-units of the Holocene which are based on local litho- or biostratigraphic differences. For the standard-subdivision, it is proposed to determine the boundaries as follows (each in the pollen diagrams of reference area): Beginning of the Young Holocene - beginning of the pollen zone of the Sub-Atlanticum; Beginning of the Middle Holocene - beginning of the pollen zone of the Atlanticum; Beginning of the Old Holocene - beginning of the pollen zone of the Pre-Boreal. New stage-notions should be substituted for the Blytt-Sernander nomenclature.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 64
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: Furrows in slope direction are observed at the south east slope of Hohes Venn/ Eifel. These furrows are bordered at both sides and at the lower end (down the slope) by a rampart 2 m high. The microrelief forms are believed to be residual forms of extended pingos. The ob'ong pingo ice blocks resulted from water moving downwards in the top soil. This water crystallized little by little at the ice block in this way causing the ice block to grow towards the water, i. e. upwards the slope. We consider it fairly unprobable that the pingo ice block might have slid down and thereby ploughed up the earth rampart. Based on the good conservation of the form and the pollenanalytical studies (by A. W. Rehagen) the age of this pingolike form was placed into Younger Würm (Wisconsin).
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 65
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Verfasser versucht zu beweisen, daß O. Wittmann's Datierung der Niederterrassen im unteren Hochrheintal mit Alt- bis Mittelwürm (im Sinne von H. Gross) falsch ist und daß die alte Ansicht von einer Parallelisierungsmöglichkeit der Niederterrassenflächen mit den verschiedenen Jungendmoränen des Rheingletschers, des Reuß- und des Linthgletschers durchaus als richtig anzusehen ist.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 66
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: The discussion deals with the opinion of Ganss (1953) according to which the altitude of a lacustrine-clay deposit found by him, 870 metres above sea-level, is proof for an enormous interglacial filling-up (350 metres in thickness) of the Berchtesgaden basin (Berchtesgaden Alps, Upper Bavaria). This view of Ganss necessarily includes — in accordance with interglacial morphology — similar immense accumulations in the neighbouring Salzach valley and in the Reichenhall basin. The fact, however, that there are no remainders of such enormous gravel beds, is contrary to the Ganss interpretation. The local lacustrine-clay occurrence is to be considered as a deposit of a small cirque lake within the former cirque expanse of the "Resten".
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 67
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: Late and postglazial profiles of the prealpine belt from periglacial and glaci-fluvial valleys are described. The time of sedimentation can be fixed by the radio carbon method and by pollen analysis. In this manner we can prove several accumulation phases in the Late- and Postglazial. They are found in stages II, III, and IV as defined by Brunnacker (1960, P. 86), and/or in the pollen zones III, V, and VIII. Some localities indicate a new accumulation phase about 6600 years B. P. in the pollen zone VI. These young accumulations in our valleys extend to several meters. For reconstruction of the river work and the history of the climate in the Holocene it is very important to examine the young valley sedimentation with all possibilities of quaternary sciences.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 68
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: The Murg profile shows a loamy ground moraine as the lowermost Pleistocene layer over gneis. The moraine originated during the furthest thrust of the Alpine glaciers in the direction of the Black Forest, and has been placed since 1909 (according to the work of Penck and Brückner) in the Riss glacial stage. Overlying the moraine are pollenbearing peat bog and pond deposits. The pollen indicate, in the deepest layers, a plant community that might still be possible under present climatic conditions. In the higher layers, the trees having affinities to warm conditions disappear. The composite diagram (pollen spectrum) indicates the end phase of an interglacial stage. Over these sediments lie 6—10 m of loess and loess-loam deposits. A thick loam layer, averaging 2.50 m in width, which contains more or less distinct soil horizons, lies between aeolian loess, which always represents a cold period. It can thus be proved that at least a part of these substrata originated in place. Since this loam horizon also represents a warm phase, the deposits of two warm periods overlie the Riss moraine in the Murg profile. Remains of elephants, giant stags, and bison permit comparison of the Murg stratigraphic sequence with a portion of the profile at Achenheim near Strassburg. Hereby is shown that merely the warm period, between the moraine formation and the lowest loess at Murg, can correspond to layers at Achenheim which have yielded the last ancient elephant (Palaeoloxodon antiquus Falc.). These are approximately of the same age as the travertine at Ehringsdorf The pollen-bearing sectionat Murg might then probably be included in the time of formation of the upper travertine at Ehringsdorf.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 69
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: Closer investigations of soil profiles developed out of high flood loams of the Lower Terrace revealed that their classification as „Parabraunerde" (grey-brown podsolic soils) is not correct. It was found that they consist of layered sediments, and having been exposed to strong hydromorphic influences they show an alteration to terrestrial soils. For that great soil group the name "Altvega" is proposed. Synsedimentary clay depositions and structure formations in those soils reduce the indicative value of the clay migration.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 70
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: The spots as described above and represented by some pictures are caused by post-sedimentary destruction of humus in the rhizosphere. They are to be found in humic material of any stratigraphical position whatever within the upper pleistocene and holocene, which is to say that they are not limited to special types of soil.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 71
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: The tracks shown in this paper are found in varved clavs of Pleistocene age at Malkwitz near Malente/Holstein (N-Germany) (fig. 1-4). They appear only in summer-layers of these varved clays. The tracks of fig. 1 (1-4), (8), (9) will be made by animals (e. g. insects or larvae), but those of fig. 1 (5-7) are probablv produced inorganically (twigs etc.. driven through shallow water). In comparison with these marks fig. 5 shows tracks, which are described by other authors from different places in Central-Europe. It is verv difficult to find the organisme responsible for these marks, because nobody has found anv fossil hitherto, which could have made the marks when it lived in these little perlglaclal lakes. On the other hand these lakes are situated in a climatic zone giving an environment with extreme conditions. It is possible that the originators of these tracks have not lived permanently in the lakes. This would be a form of life such as that of insect larvae. The form and construction of these marks is dependent on the animal, its anatomy, its way of life etc., but also on the region in which it lives. The grade of compaction, the water content of the sediment and other physical and chemical conditions are also very important.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 72
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Die Dünensande auf dem Gebiete der CSSR sind in verschieden großen Inseln, im Böhmischen Massiv und im Karpathenbereiche, in Seehöhen von 100—400 m verbreitet. Ihre Mächtigkeit beträgt meistens 2—10 m, stellenweise bis 30 m. Morphologisch betrachtet, bilden sie verschiedenartige Hügel und Dünen. Der Größe ihrer Körner nach bilden sie 3 Varietäten, wobei die Dünensande mit einem Korndurchmesser von 0,25—0,50 mm am meisten verbreitet sind (50—70%). In petrographischer Hinsicht überwiegt der Quarzgehalt; im Böhmischen Massiv sind sie karbonatfrei, im Karpathengebiete jedoch karbonathaltig (10—25% CaCO3). Die Entstehung der Dünensande erfolgte hauptsächlich durch Auswehung aus den Pleistozänterrassen und aus den verwitterten Gesteinen der tertiären Sedimente und aus Sandsteinen der oberen Kreideformation. Sie sind von verschiedenem pleistozänen Alter (überwiegend Riß und Würm). Sie wurden überwiegend durch Winde einer Stärke von 3—9 m transportiert.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 73
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: In dem von Staffel- und Riegsee eingenommenen Murnauer Becken ist eine maximal 70 m mächtige Serie von Eiszeit-Sedimenten erhalten. Ihre Hauptmasse bilden „Würm-Vorrückungsschotter", diese werden überlagert von einer wechselnd mächtigen Grundmoränen-Decke; den Abschluß bildet ein postglazialer Boden (Parabraunerde). Verbraunungen in hangenden Schotterpartien unter der Grundmoränen-Decke deutet E. C, Kraus (1955,1962) als Reste eines fossilen „Mittelwürm-Bodens" (Tundren-Boden), Nach J. Büdel (1962) soll aber hier die ursprüngliche Schotter-Oberfläche der „Würm-Vorrückungsschotter", auf der allein eine interstadiale Bodenbildung im Sinne von E. C. Kraus hätte Platz greifen können, nirgends mehr vorhanden sein. Zwar kann man dieser Ansicht nicht vollkommen zustimmen, doch sind andererseits die aufgeschlossenen Profile in der Umgebung des Riegsees kaum geeignet, um beweiskräftige Kriterien für die Existenz eines fossilen „Mittelwürm-Bodens" zu liefern. Die meist wechselnd breiten, aber nur wenige Dezimeter tiefen, taschenförmigen (Aufschlüsse östlich Froschhausen), seltener auch horizontal durchläufigen (Aufschluß bei Spatzenhausen) Verbraunungen in den hangenden Schotterpartien unterhalb der Grundmoränen-Decke werden gedeutet als Glieder eines voll warmzeitlichen Bodenprofils (Parabraunerde). Die von der Oberfläche ausgehende Herkunft und damit die Zugehörigkeit zum postglazialen Bodenprofil (Parabraunerde) wird durch zahlreiche, röhrenförmige Verbindungskanäle mit deutlicher Verbraunung innerhalb der Grundmoräne angezeigt.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 74
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Aus dem ostkantabrischen Gebirge Nordspaniens werden Vereisungsspuren beschrieben. In der Sierra de Aralar (Provinz Guipuzcoa) reicht die Endmoräne eines 4-5 km langen Würm-Talgletschers bis 825 m hinab. Die klimatische Schneegrenze lag damals 1050 m hoch; heute läge sie theoretisch in 2 400 m Höhe. Am Nordostfuß des gleichen Gebirges reicht eine Endmoräne unbekannten Alters bis 460 m hinunter. Lokale Faktoren: Exposition, sommerliche Trockenheit und ein Vormittagsmaximum im täglichen Bewölkungsgang drückten dort auf einem 1700m langen „Schneewächtengletscher« die Schneegrenze auf 650m Höhe, d.h. 400m unter die klimatische hinab. Die eiszeitlichen Monatsmitteltemperaturen San Sebastians betrugen etwa + 8° im Sommer und —5° im Winter. Sie waren gegenüber den heutigen um 11° im Sommer und um 12-13° im Winter abgesenkt. Die jährliche Niederschlagsmenge kann nach der von A. Klein (1953) angegebenen Methode auf ungefähr 2/3 der heutigen geschätzt werden. Ihre jahreszeitliche Verteilung, und damit auch die des Luftdrucks und der Winde, war von der heutigen nicht sehr verschieden.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 75
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: Sowohl im Tal des Regen nächst seiner Einmündung in die Donau bei Regensburg wie im unteren Maintal bei Marktheidenfeld sind mächtige altquartäre Talverschüttungen aufgeschlossen. Sie lassen sich jeweils in eine ältere Akkumulationsphase, eine nachfolgende Auephase und in eine abschließende jüngere Akkumulationsphase aufgliedern. Einer im Maintal nachfolgenden Erosionsperiode entspricht bei Regensburg ein extremer Pseudogley. Darüber folgen Gehängeablagerungen und schließlich Löß unterschiedlicher Fazies mit drei zwischengeschalteten interglazialen Parabraunerden. Damit liegt in beiden Talsystemen die große Verschüttungsperiode vor der viertletzten Eiszeit. Auch die der Jüngeren Steppenzeit zugeordnete Säugetierfauna von Randersacker gehört in die (jüngere?) Verschüttungsphase. Die Ursache der offensichtlich nicht allein auf das untere Main-und Neckartal beschränkten Talverschüttung wird in einer allgemeinen Hebungstendenz der Mittelgebirge vor der Günzeiszeit vermutet.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 76
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Der Vergleich geht von der Unteren Mittelterrasse des Niederrheines und der Hochterrasse Österreichs aus. Ihre Morphologie, Verwitterungs- und Deckschichten stimmen so gut überein, daß ihre Bildung nur in ein- und derselben Vereisungsperiode erfolgt sein kann. Die etwas jüngere Krefelder Terrasse trägt noch einen Boden von interglazialer Ausprägung, wie er in den österreichischen Lößprofilen als Boden des Riß/Würm-Interglazials angesprochen wird. Es folgt daraus, daß der braun lehmartige Boden auf der Unteren Mittelterrasse und der Hochterrasse älter als das R/W-Interglazial sein muß. Er ist aber jünger als die Saaleeiszeit i. e. S., da zu dieser die Schotter der Unteren Mittelterrasse gehören. Dieser braunlehmartige Boden auf der Unteren Mittelterrasse und auf der Hochterrasse wird in die Zeit zwischen Saalevereisung i. e. S. und Warthe-Abschnitt i. S. Woldstedts gestellt. In den Warthe-Abschnitt gehört die Krefelder Terrasse und wahrscheinlich die Gänsendorfer Terrasse Niederösterreichs.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 77
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: In der betrachteten Zeitspanne (Beginn Pliozän bis Gegenwart) treten in der Sahara zwei Typen von Pluvialen auf. Im N-Teil der Sahara ist das Pliozän trocken, ebenso das Holozän. Im Pleistozän treten sechs Pluviale auf, die zeitlich und kausal mit den ektropischen Kaltzeiten übereinstimmen („polare Pluviale"). In der S-Hälfte der Sahara ist das Pliozän feucht, ebenso das Holozän vom Neolithikum ab. Dazwischen ist das Pleistozän zumeist trocken, erst spät (etwa Ende Riß bis Mitte Würm) tritt ein Pluvial auf. Die S-Saum-Pluviale zeigen daher keine oder nur indirekte Beziehungen zu den ektropischen Kaltzeiten („äquatoriale Pluviale"). Je weiter wir in die Vergangenheit zurückgehen, desto klarer zeigen die fossilen Zeugnisse eine andere Art und Verteilung der Klimagürtel an. Ihre rein rückschauende Ableitung aus dem Gegenwartsklima („klimatischer Aktualismus") erwies sich als irreal. Daher wird versucht, von einem relativ gut rekonstruierbaren Klimazustand der Vergangenheit aus auf das Gegenwartsklima als exakt bekannten Endpunkt vorzuschreiten. Als solcher Ausgangspunkt empfahl sich das Klima vom Eozän bis zur Mio-Pliozän-Wende. Hierfür wird der Begriff „Alte Tropenerde" vorgeschlagen. Die Erde war damals durch gleichmäßig warmes Klima, das Vorherrschen von Ostwinden, einer Rotlehm-Kaolin-Verwitterung und vorherrschende Flächenbildung bis in hohe Breiten ausgezeichnet. Vereiste Polarklimate fehlten. Die zonale Klimagliederung war schwach, insbesondere traten durchlaufende Passatwüsten zurück. Die gegen Ende der „Alten Tropenerde" spürbare langsame Abkühlung verstärkte sich im Pliozän. Die Vergrößerung der (noch mäßig) kalten Polarhauben förderte das Druckgefälle Pol/Äquator. Die Folge ist eine stärkere zonale Gliederung der Klimagürtel. Auch das Subtropen-hoch tritt deutlicher hervor. Die Austrocknung der heutigen Sahara beginnt im N und setzt sich im Laufe des Pliozän bis zum S fort. Die pleistozänen Kaltzeiten fördern dagegen die Meridional- Zirkulation. Ihre Spuren treten am N-Saum von der ersten Kaltzeit an als „Pluviale" auf; am S-Saum erscheint ein solches erst im Jungpleistozän. Erst in der Würmzeit wird daher die Sahara von beiden Seiten her durch Feuchtgürtel eingeengt, wie es dem Idealbild A. Penck's entsprach. Es müssen also bestimmte Züge des „Eiszeitenklimas" sich erst im Laufe des Pleistozän entwickelt und schließlich in der Würmzeit kumuliert haben. Vier solche Entwicklungen wirkten dabei zusammen. Die beiden ersten: fortschreitende Gebirgshebungen und die allmähliche Vereisung der Nordpolargebiete fördern die Meridional-Zirkulation auf der N-Halbkugel. Die dritte: die fortdauernde Absenkung der interglazial-eustatischen Ozeanhochstände (Sizil - Milazz - Tyrrhen I - Monastir) förderte durch die Vergrößerung der Kontinentflächen gleichfalls die Meridional-Zirkulation. Viertens wird auf Grund dieser sinkenden Ozeanstände ein verzögerter Aufbau des antarktischen Inlandeises abgeleitet. Im Ältestpleistozän noch fehlend, wurde es im Alt- und Mittelpleistozän zunächst in den Kaltzeiten, von einem bestimmten Umfang an (im Jungpleistozän) aber nur noch in den Warmzeiten weiter aufgebaut. Am größten war es wahrscheinlich zu Beginn des Würm (300—800 m mächtiger als heute). Daher wurde im Würm die S-Halbkugel besonders stark abgekühlt, rückte der thermische Äquator und der äquatoriale Regengürtel besonders weit nordwärts, so daß er auf den S-Saum der Sahara mit einem Pluvial übergreifen konnte.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 78
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Einige allgemeine Fragen der pleistozänen Klimaschwankungen werden vom meteorologischen Standpunkt aus erörtert, unter besonderer Berücksichtigung des Massen- und Wärmehaushalts. Hierzu gehören das Auftreten alternierender Pluviale von entweder tropischer oder polarer Herkunft, von denen nur die letzteren mit den Eiszeiten synchronisieren, die Deutung des allmählichen Absinkens der interglazialen Meeresstände als Folge des graduellen Aufbaus des antarktischen Inlandeises seit Beginn des Pleistozäns, die Diskussion der meteorologischen Verhältnisse während der postglazialen Abschmelzperiode der kontinentalen Inlandeismassen.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 79
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Es wird mit Hilfe der „Temperaturkurve" von Woldstedt eine Kurve der Schneegrenze und der Waldgrenze in den Alpen während der Würm-Eiszeit rekonstruiert. Damit soll Art, Zeitstellung und Dauer der Lebensmöglichkeit für den Höhlenbären und den paläolithischen Jäger in den verschieden hoch gelegenen Höhlen der Alpen gedeutet werden.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 80
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Zwischen Warendorf und Rheine wurden die Talstufen an der Ems nach morphologischen Gesichtspunkten kartiert. Dabei wurden neben den natürlich bedingten auch die anthropogen verursachten Abtragungs- und Aufschüttungsprozesse berücksichtigt. Es stellte sich heraus, daß die sogenannte große Emsterrasse morphologisch und chronologisch nicht einheitlich aufgebaut ist. Teile sind echte Flächen einer oberen Niederterrasse, andere Strecken sind als fluviatil getönte Äquivalente der Mittelterrassenzeit aufzufassen. Sichere Zeichen für Mittelterrassenreste finden sich zwischen Warendorf und Telgte (südlich der Ems), zwischen Saerbeck und Emsdetten sowie bei Rheine.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 81
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Levalloisien und Acheuléen sind keine unterschiedlichen Kulturen, sondern lediglich 2 Komponenten eines Komplexes, der, der ursprünglichen Definition folgend, als Acheuléen zu bezeichnen ist. Dem Acheuléen zuzurechnende nordwestdeutsche Funde, zur exakteren Erfassung als Lebenstedter Gruppe bezeichnet, werden in ihrem Formenschatz und ihrer geochronologischen Stellung untersucht.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 82
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Kein Abstract verfügbar.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 83
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: Mississippi and Rhine are both the main drainage systems of the Pleistocene glaciations. Both they have developed big deltas, which are situated in steadily subsiding areas. The mighty Pleistocene succession of the Mississippi Delta, more than 1200 m thick, consists of several cycles. Each begins with a sandy base and ends with silt and clay. They interfinger with marine Gulf-sediments. Each cycle corresponds to the time-span from a glacial maximum to an interglacial. But the terraces which further upstream rise over the alluvial plain of the Mississippi, correspond only to the sandy base of the deltaic accumulations. This can be shown in the Rhine mouth area. So the terraces above the mouth area are glacial, not interglacial, in age.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 84
    Publication Date: 1963-09-01
    Description: Die endgültige Freipräpapierung und Zusammensetzung des Rhündaschädels ergab einen Homo sapiens ohne irgendwelche Sonderzüge, der sowohl in der 2. Hälfte der Würmkaltzeit wie der Nacheiszeit untergebracht werden könnte. Danach ist auch das Problem der unsicheren Datierung anthropologisch kaum noch von Bedeutung.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 85
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Vom Standpunkte der Quartärstratigraphie können die Terrae calcis-Böden wichtige Leithorizonte bieten, da ihre Entstehung auf warmzeitiiche Klimabedingungen zurückgeht. Zunächst muß allerdings das Alter von einzelnen Terrae calcis-Typen und -Varietäten möglichst genau bestimmt werden. Beste Anhaltspunkte für die Altersbestimmung von Terrae calcis bieten die Ausgangsgesteine bekannten Alters und das Verhältnis zur Erosion. Als Hilfskriterien können die fossilführenden Terrae calcis-Sedimente in Karsthohlräumen und das gegenseitige Verhältnis von einzelnen Terrae caicis-Typen in den Aufschlüssen angeführt werden. Die besten Ergebnisse wurden bisher auf Grund von Untersuchungen der Terrae calcis aus Travertinen und Kalkbreccien gewonnen, die altersmäßig in verschiedene Phasen des Jungtertiärs und Quartärs gehören. Aus vergleichenden Studien im Karpatenraum geht eindeutig hervor, daß die jüngsten allitischen Terra rossa-Bildungen nur auf pliozänen Travertinen zu finden sind. Auf den Travertinen der pleistozänen Warmzeiten, abgesehen von den letztinterglazialen, ist üblicherweise die Terra fusca ausgebildet. Nur ausnahmsweise wurde flachgründige Terra fusca auch auf den letztinterglazialen (Eem-) Travertinen nachgewiesen, während die holozänen Quellkalke lediglich Rendsinen tragen. Aus den angeführten Anhaltspunkten ergibt sich somit, daß die jüngsten allitischen Terra-rossa-Bildungen endtertiär bzw. höchstens ältestpleistozän sind. Die Terra fusca ist eine bezeichnende Bildung der pleistozänen Interglaziale, während im Postglazial nur eine sehr beschränkte, lokale Entstehung dieses Bodens anzunehmen ist. Aus einigen Befunden in den Karsthohlräumen kann geschlossen werden, daß siallitische Terra rossa auch in den ältestpleistozänen Warmzeiten gebildet wurde. Wenn diese Gesetzmäßigkeiten noch an mehreren Fundstellen in verschiedenen Landschaften bestätigt würden, könnten die einzelnen Terrae calcis-Typen gute Alterskriterien in solchen Gebieten bieten, wo andere Anhaltspunkte nicht zur Verfügung stehen.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 86
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Kein Abstract verfügbar.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 87
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Von fünf Stellen wird eine unter rißeiszeitlichem Hochterrassenschotter gefundene interglaziale Molluskenfauna beschrieben (s. Tab. 1); sie wird ökologisch gedeutet und stratigraphisch mit anderen Molluskenfaunen verglichen (s. Tab. 2); ferner wird die Genese des einbettenden Sedimentes erörtert (s. Tab. 3). Die sich daraus ergebenden Gesichtspunkte für eine Abtrennung des ausgehenden Mindel/Riß-Interglazials von der (beginnenden?) Rißeiszeit werden diskutiert (s. Tab. 4); demnach deutet sich wenigstens für einen Teil der Profile eine Sedimentationslücke zwischen dem molluskenführenden interglazialen Horizont und dem darüber-liegenden fluvioglazialen Schotter der Rißeiszeit an.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 88
    Publication Date: 1962-09-01
    Description: Das von E. Ebers (1960) beschriebene und gedeutete Profil von Hörmating wird einer kritischen Betrachtung unterzogen und neu interpretiert. Demnach kommt hier nur ein an eine einzige Landoberfläche gebundener Boden, typologisch als stark entwickelte Parabraunerde vor, wie sie seitens der Paläopedologie im gesamten mitteleuropäischen Raum als Auswirkung interglazialer Verwitterung angesehen wird. Im Bereich der nicht mehr aufgeschlossenen Folge mit Seekreide und Torf ist zumindest die Deutung der hangenden Feinsedimente als Seeton fraglich; denn über dem aufgeschlossenen Bodenrest liegt eine Fließerde (Abb. 1), wie sie — entsprechend dem Profil Hörlkofen — die periglaziale Sedimentationsfolge der Würmeiszeit einleitet. — Das wichtigste offene Problem in der Gliederung des Jungpleistozäns liegt weiterhin in der Frage einer Verknüpfung des mittels vegetationskundlicher Untersuchungen rekonstruierten Klimaablaufes des Riß/Würm-Interglazials einschließlich der beginnenden Würmeiszeit mit dem Beginn des Periglazialgeschehens der Würmeiszeit.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 89
    Publication Date: 1962-01-15
    Description: The Pleistocene sequence of Wanganui (North Island of New Zealand) and the succession of glaciations in the South Island are shortly reviewed. The Last Glaciation and the Postglacial time in New Zealand were, as C14 determinations definitly show, contemporaneous with those of the Northern Hemisphere. If the Last Glaciation was contemporaneous on the two Hemispheres, then the older ones must also have been contemporaneous. This does not agree with the MILANKOVITCH-curve, which in the form, as it has been given by M., cannot have been the cause of the ice ages.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 90
    Publication Date: 1962-01-15
    Description: In the brickyard at Mnesice near Nové Mesto on Váh (Western Slovakia) a differentiated loess profile was exposed which is of primary importance for the stratigraphy of loess series in Central Europe. In this profile two thick fossil soil complexes are to be seen, whose basal layers contain molluscan fauna of maximum interglacial with Helicigona banatica (Rssm.). In the upper part of the younger soil complex Szeletian and in the lower layers Moustérian were established. The basal lessivé with the underlying beds yielding Banatica-fauna can be placed in the Last Interglacial, whereas the upper section comprises also soils of "W 1/2-Interstadial" age. The early Würmian loess is here not present. In the overlying loess a soil complex corresponding to the Paudorf Interstadial is weakly developed in which Gravettian was found. The earlier soil complex of great thickness is characterized by two lessivé soils. In the uppei layers Levalloisian, in the lower ones Clactonian has been ascertained. The earlier lessivé is underlain by calciferous beds with scattered warm molluscs. From the comparison with classic loess profiles in Bohemia and Moravia it follows, that the lower thick soil complex in Nové Mesto on Vah corresponds to the Interglacial which precedes the Eemian Interglacial but is younger than the interglacial following immediately the "Elster" glaciation. It is evident that the "Ohe- or Altriss/Jungriss" Interglacial or a younger separate section of the "Holstein" Interglacial is here concerned. The loess profile at Nové Mesto occupies a special position in the area of the Carpathian Basin with regard to the fact that it contains not only five Palaeolithic horizons but also two successive interglacial complexes palaeontologically evidenced.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 91
    Publication Date: 1962-01-15
    Description: Australia is in wide parts a fairly stable area of the earth-crust. So it is a suitable region for studying the old interglacial high sea-levels. The "raised" beaches of the South-East of South-Australia, the adjoining parts of Victoria and of Tasmania are critically reviewed. The faunas of the old high sea-levels of the Southern Hemisphere were warm, not cold. So they must belong to interglacials, which were contemporaneous on both hemispheres. The importance of the old ocean-levels for stratigraphic purposes is emphasized.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 92
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: During a special mapping in the tidal flat of Eastern Frisia the question arose as to how the soils in this area could most suitably be classified and represented on maps (grain size mixtµres). The grouping suggested in this paper is done according to chemical and physical properties of these recent tidal flat sediments. Simultaneously conformity with the soil definitions of the marsh mapping by the „Niedersächsisches Landesamt für Bodenforschung" was tried to be reached. Based on the soil analysis, the most outstanding qualities of tidal flat sediments found here and their relations are being discussed. Furthermore the boundary values for the classification are investigated.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 93
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: As new observations and C14-determinations, especially in the surrounding of the big inlandices, show, the evolution of the Last Glaciation took place in the same manner in Europe as in North America. A first great ice advance (with minor oscillations) which lasted from about 70 000 to about 50 000 Years B. P., was followed first by a great interstadial (Göttweig, Talbot) and then by a middle part with a changing climatic character, viz. with warmer times („interstadials") and colder ones (with formation of loess etc.). This part lasted from the end of the Göttweig-Interstadial (about 43 000) to about 25 000 Y.B.P. In the third part of the Last Glaciation a new great advance of the ice took place, which led to the maximum extension. Then the ice receded with some minor readvances. About 10 000 Y.B.P. the temperature rose strongly and brought the Last Glaciation to an end (though some big ice relicts still existed). The three parts of the Last Glaciation should be named: Old, Middle and Young Würm (Old, Middle, Young or Lower, Middle, Upper Wisconsin).
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 94
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 95
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: In the Middle and Lower Rhine Valley the age of loess deposits is recognized by their relation to the Lower Middle Terrace of the Mosel and Rhine Rivers. Nearly all loess is regarded to be Würm-loess, which is separated by several soil zones. In the lower part of the Würm-period climatic changes are clearly indicated by thickly and well developed soil zones („Parabraunerde"). Later on soil zones become generally thin and less distinct („Naßböden"). In this later period, at some places, one soil zone is typical („kalkhaltige Braunerde"). In the profile of Metternich this horizon included artifacts (Gravettian).
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 96
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: The drumlin section recently discovered near Hörmating in the Upper Bavarian area of the Würm Glaciation and evaluated with regard to stratigraphy, paleoclimatology, and chronology by E. Ebers (in this annual) can closely be correlated with the typical loess section of eastern Lower Austria, particularly with its Fellabrunn (Göttweig) fossil soil complex as described and interpreted by F. Brandtner. The Göttweig loamificaton developed during the Hörmating Interstadial from c. 47000 (or 48000) until the close marked by a thin peat layer 45300±1000 C-14 years old. As some findings are suggestive of at least one cold oscillation, the term „Göttweig Interstadial Complex" appears to be correcter. This period interrupted the glacial climate of the Würm Glaciation from c. 47000 (or 48000) until c. 30000 B. P. The northern alpine Piedmont Glaciation was initiated by an advance-gravel later on weathered on the surface probably during the Paudorf Interstadial and advanced entirely (or almost entirely) during the Main Würm Stage from the (Swiss) Aare to the Salzach rivers, after several Lower Würm gravel masses had poured out of the Alps valleys during the Early Würm Stage. This Lower Würm gravel was capped by a weathered (decalcified) stratum 2-3 metres in thickness and can contain up to three interstadial Schieferkohle (Pleistocene lignite) beds intercalated, the lowermost overlying a Schieferkohle stratum deposited during the Riss-Würm Interglacial at some sites.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 97
    Publication Date: 1960-12-15
    Description: In this report the most important results of 5 new Swiss papers on glacial and periglacial landforms of the „Schweizer Mittelland" are published and discussed. These very good studies show the first geomorphological maps (1 : 25 000) of the „Mittelland" and for the first time they analyse periglacial forms in this region. A reiterated and radical change of accumulation and erosion is rejected within the melt-water-valleys during the Würm-glaciation. The thick accumulation of pebbles is recognized as „Vorstoßschotter". Nowhere it has been noticed that fluvio-glacial pebbles interfinger with end-moraines. The highest of the lower terraces is the built-up-level of the fluvioglacial accumulation of the Würm-time. For that reason the Würm-time seems to be undissected in the Hochrhein- and Aare-valley. This opinion is opposite to J. Hug, L. Erb, D. Kimball, F. E. Zeuner and R. Huber. The reviewer points out that real cut-terraces are only existing in relatively short parts of the valleys (C. Troll's „Trompetentälchen"). But for the rest you can find as a rule an erosional disconformity on every wider inset terraces-level, because there are secondary pebbles of about 5—8 m thickness interbedded in the older main accumulation of the Würm-time. The question whether there are floors running throughout the valley below the main terrace-level in the Hochrhein valley, cannot be answered by individual and relatively small sections of a melt-water-valley; least of all in the Hochrhein valley above the mouth of the Aare. For the development of deeper situated lower-terraces was controlled by the later advance of the Rhone-glacier at a time, when the other Swiss glaciers were receding. The reviewer substantially agrees with the Swiss scheme of periglacial forms and the classification of the Riss-time.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 98
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: The most important soils of Scandinavia are compared with those of Germany. In Scandinavia the formation of soil can be traced back from the presence (at the Svartisen) until some 10 000 years ago, and this may be based as well on wet as on dry soils. A special feature in Skandinavia is a very soft Brown Earth. Very much the same soil can be found in Germany, but only on lateglacial sediments of the late Dryas-age. Both are of almost the same age. They are alike in their character of sediment and content of carbonate. Therefore this type may probably be considered as the first important formation of soils under wood on sandy grounds in Germany.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 99
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: In the lower Blies valley the author discovered a periglacial mudflow consisting of white marl and fragments of limestone, surmounted by 25-30 cm river-sand belonging to a Riß-terrace. The surface of these deposits was covered by fossil ice-wedges. The changes in the phyto-sociological structure of the vegetation cover permitted to fix the exact extension of the periglacial mudflow.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 100
    Publication Date: 1964-11-01
    Description: A method for pollenanalytical investigations of loesses is described. If several sources of error are duely taken into consideration, this method is successful in the reconstruction of the vegetation history of those phases of pleniglacial times, during which the thick loess layers were accumulated. The method can be employed in pollenanalytical investigations of weathered and unweathered loesses, with the exception of redeposited loesses. It can be shown that the famous sequence of fossil soils at Oberfellabrunn, known as the soils of the "Fellabrunner Komplex" („Stillfried A"), which is sometimes held to be the equivalent of the "Göttweig Interstadial", must be divided into the brown loamy soil at the base of the sequence, which was formed during the Eemian Interglacial, and into the younger humic layers, which developed during the Interstadials of Amersfoort and Brørup. The amelioration of climate during the "Stillfried B-Interstadial" (perhaps equivalent of the "Paudorf Interstadial"?) was strong enough to enable local subalpine conifer forests and riverine broad-leaved forests to spread along the rivers and other suitable places within the still dominant steppe formations on the drier loess plateaus. The loess layers of the Riss and Würm glaciations have been accumulated within the eastern Dart of Niederösterreich in different steppe communities, which can be described at best as belonging to the Gramineae steppe formation, rich in herbaceous plants. Sometimes there occurred plants of recent tundra-communities in the loess steppe: but real tundras did not exist at that time in Niederösterreich. This holds true most of all for the last period of loess accumulation after the Stillfried B-Interstadial. When being compared with pollen spectra of surface samples of recent tundra, steppe and semidesert plant communities, it becomes evident, that the open vegetation, thriving during the last glaciation in vast regions of Northern Eurasia cannot be described in terms of modern plant associations.
    Print ISSN: 0424-7116
    Electronic ISSN: 2199-9090
    Topics: Geosciences , History
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of Deutsche Quartärvereinigung.
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...