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  • Copernicus
  • International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
  • 1980-1984  (6,231)
  • 1965-1969  (2,957)
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Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A test object and criteria for high resolution electron microscopy (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 1-19 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The desirability and requirements for a specimen capable of testing the resolving power and other image characteristics of an electron microscope are discussed in detail. In this discussion, the underlying diffraction phenomena are particularly utilized. A partially graphitized carbon black is shown to satisfy the requirements extremely well and constitutes an easily prepared specimen for conducting tests of image quality in the molecular size range. The structure of the test object is known in detail with the result that readily interpretable phase contrast images are obtained. Micrographs illustrating the use of the 3.4 Å (002) spacing for magnification calibration, astigmatism and asymmetry check as well as resolving power are exhibited. The second order c-spacing of 1.7 Å is occasionally found in an image. The micrographs shown herein were taken with two different electron microscopes by different operators obtaining the same structural detail in the images. It is concluded that the carbon black test object offers the best possibilities for evaluating image performance of any specimen yet suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868004930
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
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    Théorie Mathématique des Dislocations by M. Zorawski (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 60-60 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005005
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Long range order in Ag3Mg (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 61-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The long range order in a powder sample of Ag3Mg has been studied by X-ray diffraction as a function of quenching temperature below the critical ordering temperature of 665°K. By measuring the positions and integrated intensities of fundamental, superlattice and satellite reflections, the latter arising from the periodic anti-phase boundary structure, the variation with temperature of the overall long range order, antiphase boundary order, and anti-phase boundary periodicity have been determined. It appears that the anti-phase boundaries disorder slightly more with increasing temperature than the average superlattice, and that the boundary spacing, nominally equal to two (M = 2), increases towards that ideal value with increasing disorder below the critical point. These resalts are qualitatively interpreted by extending the reasoning of Sato & Toth on equilibrium long period superlattices to include the case where the Fermi surface becomes progressively more diffuse with increasing disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005017
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A point-focusing camera for single-crystal diffraction (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 84-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Bent-glass mirrors can be used to produce a narrow, highly collimated X-ray beam, particularly suitable for photographing diffraction patterns from crystals with very large unit cells (i.e., several hundred Å to a side). A camera is described that employs double-mirror focusing optics with a precession apparatus. A comparison of optical reflection and simple collimation shows that for high resolving power, focusing devices are very much superior to pinhole collimators. The reduction of background is especially noteworthy. Use of this camera has permitted the collection of accurate three-dimensional data from crystals of tomato bushy stunt virus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005054
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
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    Determination of polarization factor of crystal monochromators (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 121-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A new method for determination of the polarization factor of a crystal monochromator is presented. This method is based on the use of polarized X-rays produced by anomalous transmission or the Borrmann effect. The polarization factors of two quartz (10\overline 11) monochromators of Johansson type have been measured with Cu Kα radiation, and the resulting values are in close agreement with the expression derived from the kinematic diffraction theory.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005121
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
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    An automatic balanced filter device for X-ray diffraction experiments (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 128-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: An automatic balanced filter box which may be used on most standard X-ray diffraction tubes is described. It is designed to be used in conjunction with a wide variety of automated X-ray diffraction experiments to change Ross filters and insert attenuators into the incident X-ray beam on receipt of appropriate commands from the control system. The positions of the filters and attenuators may be displayed at all times by using feedback signals generated by a combination of light sources and photocells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005169
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
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    Interprétation de la diffusion centrale des rayons X par les systèmes poreux. I (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 153-165 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A porous system may be characterized by using two statistical distributions of chord lengths: \varphi(l) (particle chords) and f(m) (pore chords). Calculations are presented giving a general relationship between the shape of small angle scattering and the distribution of segment lengths limited by particle and pore boundaries. This development represents a generalization of Porod's method. By means of an approximation, this general expression is simplified and can be applied in many cases. The properties of distributions \varphi(l) [or f(m)] are analysed and it is shown that the condition \varphi(0) = 0 (or f(0) = 0] means that particles (or pores) do not possess any sharp edges. The presence or absence of sharp edges allows the separation of small angle scattering curves into two characteristic forms. The functions \varphi(l) and f(m) corresponding to several simple geometrical forms are analysed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005212
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
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    Une méthode générale pour l'indexation des diagrammes de poudres (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 178-181 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A rational and optimized method is developed for powder diagram indexing. Since it is based upon systematic attempts to index the first lines with arbitrary indices, the user is presumed to have a large computer at his disposal. The method can take account of additional information already known by the user.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188986800525X
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
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    The variation of the lattice parameter of the solid solutions of lithium oxide in nickel oxide (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 187-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method based on the variation of the lattice parameter with Li content, for the quantitative determination of lithium in the system Lix+Ni1−2x2+Nix3+O2−, is proposed. A precision between 1 and 5% relative, depending upon the concentration range, has been obtained. The results are compared with those obtained by flame emission spectroscopy. For values of x 〉 0.12 the original rhombohedral lattice transforms into a face centred cubic lattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005285
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
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    The structure of vapor-quenched Ag–Ge films (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 199-208 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Ag–Ge films of thickness 1 to 3 microns were prepared by co-evaporation of Ag and Ge onto 0.005′′ thick vitreous silica plates held at liquid nitrogen temperature. The pressure during evaporation was 3 × 10−7 Torr or less. The X-ray scattering of the films and substrates was measured at room temperature with monochromatic Mo Kα and Cu Kα radiation. After correction for substrate scattering, the interference function I(K) was evaluated for each alloy as a function of K = 4π sin &thgr;/λ. The Fourier transform of K[I(K)−1] yielded the reduced distribution function G(r) = 4πrV(r)[ρ(r)−ρ0], where ρ(r) is the weighted atomic density at a distance r from a reference atom, ρ0 is the average atomic density and V(r) is the size factor of the coherently diffracting domains in the sample. Both I(K) and G(r) indicate that the alloy films consist of the Ag solid solution and Ge. The Ag phase cannot be characterized as amorphous, but is micropolycrystalline. The sizes of the coherently diffracting domains or the correlation distances determined from G(r) increased from 12 Å in Ge to 30 Å in Ag-40 at. %Ge. Fourier analyses of the (111) peak profiles of Ge and Ag yielded particle sizes of 13 Å for Ge and 16 Å for the Ag phase in the Ag-83 at. %Ge alloy. The Ag phase particles increased with increasing Ag concentration, reaching a value of 45 Å in the Ag-28 at. %Ge alloy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005352
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  • 11
    Electronic Resource
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    Low-temperature thermal expansion of LiH, MgO and CaO (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 246-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Lattice parameter data for MgO, CaO, and several isotropic compositions of LiH were measured from ̃12 °K up to ̃300 °K. Thermal expansion coefficients were derived by fitting the data to a second-degree polynomial.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005418
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  • 12
    Electronic Resource
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    A new design of an instrument for adjusting crystals from X-ray photographs (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 286-289 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Some years ago a new method, and an instrument based on this method, for setting up crystals was described by the author. Application during the last few years has resulted in an improved instrument. Optical and mechanical means are used to find corrected settings for the arcs of a goniometer head from suitable X-ray photographs by simple mechanical manipulations and readings from scales on the instrument. The main advantages of the method are: the procedure of setting up a crystal is simplified (operation of the instrument is easily learned and quickly done) and time is saved (decrease of exposure time, decrease of evaluation time). The accuracy of the method is comparable to the accuracy of the usual setting methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005510
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  • 13
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    Synthesis and crystallographic data of some rare earth–iron borates (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 318-319 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Huntite structure compounds with the formula REFe3B4O12 (RE = La3+, Nd3+, Sm3+, Eu3+, Gd3+, Tb3+, Dy3+, Ho3+ and Y3+) have been synthesized. X-ray powder diffraction patterns and cell parameter data are reported. The infrared spectrum confirms the triangular coordination of boron in these compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005571
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  • 14
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    Hydrogen bonding in solids by W. C. Hamilton and J. A. Ibers (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 326-327 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005637
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  • 15
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    Proceedings of the Symposium on Low Energy Electron Diffraction, Ramada Inn, Tucson, Arizona, February 1968 (1968)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 1 (1968), S. 328-329 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889868005674
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  • 16
    Electronic Resource
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    Refraction X par les trichites de cuivre (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 52-55 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The refraction of X-rays may have an effect on the radiographs and topographs of whiskers with a polygonal cross-section. With the usual diffraction methods there is no perceptible deviation but the phenomenon is visible with the Lang method and perfect crystals, such as whiskers.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006534
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  • 17
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    An X-ray method for the determination of domain size from the tails of diffraction profiles (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 72-76 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The paper describes a method for obtaining consistent estimates of domain size from an evaluation of coefficients derived from curves fitted to the tails of diffraction profiles. An estimate of the mean domain size is computed directly from the intensity data and this is equivalent to the value derived from the slope of the variance-range function. For many applications this provides a convenient alternative to the method described by Langford & Wilson (Crystallography and Crystal Perfection. London: Academic Press, 1963) but does not replace it. An advantage of the present method is its simplicity and consequent reduction in computing time. It is easier to apply if a computer is not available and is applicable in cases where one or other of the profile tails overlaps that of a neighbouring line. The results obtained by this method are comparable in accuracy to those given by existing techniques.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188986900656X
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  • 18
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    X-ray study of the effect of palladium on stacking fault densities of Ag-base alloys (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 82-84 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Stacking fault densities α and β of the Ag–Pd alloy system were determined from peak shift and peak asymmetry measurements of the X-ray diffraction line profiles recorded by a Geiger counter X-ray diffractometer. The concentration of the fault probabilities was found to be small. From Fourier analysis of line shapes the anisotropic values of the effective particle sizes, [De]hkl and root mean square strains, [〈εL2〉]hkl1/2, were obtained in all cases. No appreciable change in [De]hkl and [〈εL2〉]hkl1/2 was observed for a wide solid-solution range. The observed particle-size broadening is primarily a consequence of deformation and twin faults and a fair agreement has been observed for the compound fault probability (1.5α + β) obtained from the two different methods.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006601
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  • 19
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    An X-ray small angle scattering investigation of an aged Al–20 wt.% Ag alloy (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 101-106 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The changes observed in the scattering pattern during the initial stages of ageing an Al–20 wt.% Ag alloy at 220°C are reported. Patterns containing both the halo (resulting from G.P. zones) and streaks (resulting from platelets of Ag2Al) have been recorded. An analysis of these streaks shows that the platelets are no more than 9 Å thick. This value is much smaller than that previously reported.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006662
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  • 20
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    A simple cold gas flow apparatus (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 112-115 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A simple, inexpensive, and essentially foolproof apparatus is described for obtaining a constant temperature, constant flow of cold nitrogen gas for use in low-temperature diffraction studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006698
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  • 21
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    The influence of collimator geometry on neutron flux (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 141-142 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: It is shown experimentally that the flux at a point in a neutron beam from a collimator of a given angular divergence is very dependent on the length of the collimator. A simple geometrical theory fits the experimental results fairly well.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188986900673X
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  • 22
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    Density determination of small solid samples using a modified flotation method and a re-determination of the density of saturated aqueous thallous formate solutions. Erratum (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 143-143 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: In the article published under the above title (Taylor & Doyle, 1968) the thickness of the Mylar and aluminum foils should be expressed in mils (1 mil = 0.00254 cm) and not in mm.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006753
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  • 23
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    Growth of crystals, Volumes 5A, 5B, 6A and 6B edited by N. N. Sheftal' (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 146-147 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006790
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  • 24
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    Strain induced phase transformations in lead monoxide (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 156-164 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The strain induced phase transformations produced in lead monoxide powders by ball milling at temperatures ranging from −196 to 200°C have been studied by X-ray diffraction methods. It has been found that either of the two polymorphs, litharge and massicot, was partially converted to the other at all the temperatures investigated, and that, whichever polymorph was the starting material, the end product, after a sufficiently long time, was a mixture of the two polymorphs, both highly strained. The percentage of each phase present was found to be dependent on the temperature of deformation. The results have been interpreted by consideration of the production of the microstrain energy required to overcome the energy barrier to the transformation, and of the shear generated in the mill on the pressure-temperature phase diagram. It is considered that shear stresses can affect the nature of the pressure-temperature phase diagram, in a manner theoretically postulated by Kumazawa. The commercial importance of the results has been briefly outlined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006856
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  • 25
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    The significance of texture parameters in phase analysis by X-ray diffraction (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 176-180 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The theory of the direct comparison X-ray method of phase analysis is extended to correct for preferred orientation effects. Texture parameters are defined to assess the type and intensity of preferred orientation using data from diffractometer patterns. The analysis is illustrated with results obtained on three austenitic stainless steels.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006881
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  • 26
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    An X-ray study of Ba2NaNb5O15 (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 189-190 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Slightly twinned and untwinned single crystals of Ba2NaNb5O15 have been studied by X-ray techniques. Oscillation and full rotation X-ray photographs show the c axis to be twice the previously reported value; therefore, there are 8 formula units per unit cell. It was also found that Cmm2 (C2v11) is not the correct space group assignment for the crystals studied, and that Ccc2 (C2v13) appears to be likely.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006911
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  • 27
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    Notes and News (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 190-190 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869006923
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  • 28
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    The structure of liquid bismuth–indium alloys (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 219-223 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: X-ray diffraction measurements have been made at three compositions in the Bi–In system. Each alloy was investigated in the liquid phase at two temperatures, 10°C above the liquidus and 499°C. Partial density functions were calculated by assuming that the like partial interference functions are the same as those of the pure components. Partial coordination numbers obtained from these density functions lead to the conclusion that the liquid alloys are very similar to a disordered mixture of Bi and In atoms.
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  • 29
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    Ferroelectric properties of NaU2(PO4)3 single crystals (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 230-232 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: By the application of Sawyer and Tower's method it has been observed for the first time that NaU2(PO4〈inf/〉)3 single crystals possess ferroelectric properties. Hysteresis loops were recorded and ferroelectric parameters were determined at room temperature. The measurements were performed on very small single-crystal samples with an area of about 1 mm2 and 0.05 mm thick.
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    Optical crystallography by E. E. Wahlstrom (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 234-235 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    Flat film Weissenberg attachment for the Polaroid XR-7 cassette (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 308-309 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889869099985
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    Optical properties of solids edited by S. Nudelmann and S. S. Mitra (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 311-311 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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    Axial thermal expansion of ZrO2 and HfO2 in the range room temperature to 1400°C (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 281-288 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The axial thermal expansion of monoclinic and tetragonal ZrO2 and of monoclinic HfO2 was studied over the temperature range from room temperature to 1400 °C. The linear thermal expansion coefficients were calculated. Thermal expansion along (x 106 per °C) a = 10.31 monoclinic ZrO2, 11.60 tetragonal ZrO2, 9.34 monoclinic HfO2; b = 1.35 monoclinic ZrO2, – tetragonal ZrO2, 2.98 monoclinic HfO2; c = 14.68 monoclinic ZrO2, 16.08 tetragonal ZrO2, 13.10 monoclinic HfO2. Some aspects of the present study, such as anisotropy of thermal expansion and a pretransformation vibrational anomaly, are discussed briefly.
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    The lattice parameter and X-ray powder pattern of U2C3 (1969)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 2 (1969), S. 301-303 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The X-ray powder diffraction pattern and a precise determination of the lattice parameter of U2C3 (ao = 8.0899±0.0002 Å) are given. Further analysis indicates that U2C3 appears to be a stoichiometric compound.
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    Phases, lattice parameters and thermal expansion of (GaxIn1−x)2Se3, 1≥x≥0, between room temperature and melting point (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 24-30 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The phases, their lattice parameters and the linear coefficient of the lattice thermal expansion were determined by high-temperature X-ray diffraction between room temperature and the melting point for the system (GaxIn1 − x)2Se3 (1 ≥ x ≥ 0). A wide homogeneity range of zinc blende structure was found in the Ga-rich region when a certain critical temperature was reached. In the In-rich region the alloys were isostructural with γ-In2Se3 at all temperatures, and the linear thermal-expansion coefficient was composition dependent.
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    X-ray Bragg reflexion and strain compensation in silicon crystals (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 31-33 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Crystal-lattice strain induced by impurity doping may be compensated for by diffusion of another kind of impurity. This was tried with successive diffusion of germanium and boron into (111) silicon wafers and was confirmed in a nondestructive way from the intensity profiles of the 333 Bragg reflection of Cu Kα X-rays. The intensity profile is related to the strain distribution along the depth through numerical computations, the programme for which has been developed and utilized previously [Fukuhara & Takano (1977). Acta Cryst. A33, 137–142] in quantitative discussions on strain and impurity concentration in silicon.
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    The determination of diffuse-boundary thicknesses of polymers by small-angle X-ray scattering (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 34-45 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Thermal density fluctuations within phases and finite interphase widths lead to systematic deviations from Porod's law. The validity of present methods used to analyze these deviations and determine diffuse-boundary widths is determined. In view of the inadequacies found in these methods, a simple yet accurate method is proposed to determine the diffuse-boundary width from direct graphical analysis of slit-smeared intensity data. The diffuse interface is modelled by a sigmoidal-gradient model which is justified on thermodynamic grounds, with the interphase thickness as a function of the Flory–Huggins interaction parameter.
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    A miniature piston-cylinder apparatus for high-pressure X-ray diffraction in conjunction with energy dispersion (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 46-49 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A miniature piston-cylinder high-pressure cell has been constructed for experiments with energy-dispersive X-ray diffraction. The maximum pressure achieved was 37 × 108 Pa. Examples are given for KCl and MgO, both measured with NaCl as an internal standard. The phase transition in KCl has been observed and the CsCl structure type verified.
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  • 39
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    Etude des défauts des croissance dans des monocristaux naturels de quartz (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 50-57 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Defects are studied in natural quartz crystals by X-ray diffraction topography with a Lang camera. Dislocations, precipitates and band growths revealed by X-ray studies are also characterized by other methods such as optical microscopy and thermoluminescence. Finally, a model of growth is proposed.
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    Theoretical considerations of extra equal-thickness fringes around a dislocation outcrop observed with an X-ray plane wave (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 58-64 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: An analytical interpretation is presented of extra half-line equal-thickness fringes observed at a dislocation outcrop in X-ray and electron micrographs of wedge-shaped crystals taken at off-Bragg conditions. Extra fringes arc well explained as the interference of two wavefields deduced from Takagi's equations for dynamical diffraction in distorted crystals. Theoretical discussions given in the present paper confirm the experimentally obtained rule of Δn = h. b (h is the diffracting vector and b the Burgers vector of a dislocation), which determines the extra number of fringes, Δn, at the dislocation outcrop. When h. b ≠ integer, it is predicted that a discontinuous shift will occur in the position of equal-thickness fringes along the topographic image of a dislocation.
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    Preparation and X-ray powder diffraction studies of triple orthovanadates having langbeinite structure (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 450-451 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Triple orthovanadates MIBaCr2(VO4)3 (where MI = Li, Na or Ag) are synthesised by solid-state reaction. These compounds are found to have orthorhombically distorted langbeinite structure. The crystallographic parameters of these compounds for an orthorhombic cell with P212121 as the space group and containing four formulae per unit cell are reported.
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    Données cristallographiques sur les thiocyanates de tris(éthylènediamine)rhodium(III) actif, racémique et racémique actif (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 452-453 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: (±)Rh(en)3(SCN)3 and (+)Rh(en)3(SCN)3, Rh(C2H8N2)3.(SCN)3, C6H24N6Rh.C3N3S3, crystallize in orthorhombic cells. The lattice constants are respectively a = 14.652 (5), b = 14.268 (6), c = 17.480 (6) Å and a = 14.711 (4), b = 13.481 (3), c = 9.166 (2) Å. They are isomorphic with their homologues (±)Co(en)3(SCN)3 and (−)Cr(en)3(SCN)3. The active racemate [(+)Rh(en)3(+)Cr(en)3](SCN)6 is isomorphic with the monoclinic form of [(+)Co(en)3(−)Cr(en)3](SCN)6. Its lattice constants are a = 15.707 (5), b = 17.739 (4), c = 9.426 (3) Å and γ = 131.04 (2)°.
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    An X-ray diffraction study of the system Al2Se3In2Se3 in the In-rich region (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 454-458 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A series of samples in the system Al2Se3–In2Se3 in the In-rich region have been synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction. In the interval of the Al/In (molar) ratio r from r≳ 1/50 to r≲ 1/20 the system has a two-phase region, α + γ1, where α is isostructural with the room-temperature modification of In2Se3, and γ1 is isostructural with the second high-temperature modification, γ, of In2Se3. For r ≳ 1/20, ternary γ1 alloys (AlxIn1−x)2Se3 are present alone and their unit-cell parameters decrease continuously as the Al content increases. These results are analogous with those obtained for the system Ga2Se3–In2Se3 in the In-rich region. The samples have also been studied by differential thermal analysis and electron-probe microanalysis.
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    Advances in X-ray analysis. Vol. 22 edited by G. J. McCarthy, C. S. Barrett, D. E. Leyden, J. B. Newkirk and C. O. Ruud (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 462-463 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Industrial crystallization 78 edited by E. J. De Jong and S. J. Jancic (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 463-463 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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  • 46
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    Calcul du Profil des bandes de diffraction produites par des empilements de feuillets de nature différente (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 148-153 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Until now, the calculation of intensities diffracted by layer structures has only been treated in the two extreme cases, namely (i) the layers interfere completely and (ii) the layers do not interfere (turbostratic structures). The present paper develops the mathematical treatment which allows the calculation in the intermediate case, namely when layers are only partially interfering.
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    Crystal data for new rare-earth thallates MIIITiIIIO3(M=La,Nd) (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 613-613 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Powder X-ray diffraction data for two new rare-earth thallates, MIIITlIIIO3 (M = La, Nd), have been reported. These thallates have been prepared using two chemical routes by heating homogeneous 1:1 molar reaction mixtures of (a) rare-earth carbonates, MIII2 (CO3)3.nH2O, and thallous carbonate, Tl2CO3, and (b) rare-earth oxides, MIII2O3, and thallous carbonate, in air at 823±10 K for 7 h.
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    Crystal data for three new ammonium potassium pyrophosphates (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 614-615 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Unit-cell parameters and space groups have been determined for three ammonium potassium pyrophosphates. The compound (NH4, K)2H2P2O7 is triclinic with space group P1 or \overline P1, and a = 7.950 (3), b = 7.270 (3), c = 7.184 (3) Å, α = 90.89 (4), β = 117.61 (3), γ = 81.56 (4)°, Z = 2. The hydrated salt (NH4, K)2H2P2O7.0.5H2O is orthorhombic with space group Pnma or Pna21, and a = 19.22 (2), b = 7.64 (1), c = 10.39 (1) Å, Z = 8. The tribasic salt (NH4, K)3HP2O7.H2O is monoclinic with space group Cc or C2/c. The X-ray data show that a = 19.41 (2), b = 6.158 (6), c = 16.90 (2) Å, β = 107.5 (1)°, Z = 8. The indexed powder diffraction patterns are given for the three salts.
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    Small-angle X-ray scattering from solutions of flow-oriented colloidal particles (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 154-162 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The amount of information which can be obtained from a small-angle X-ray experiment can be considerably increased by orienting the solute particles with external forces during the scattering experiment. In this paper it is shown that orientation by flow, for instance through a capillary tube, gives additional information about size, shape, flexibility and rotational diffusion of the particles. The only requirement, in order to obtain flow-oriented samples, is that the solute particles must be relatively large and asymmetric. On the other hand, if the scattering curve is dependent on the flow rate through the capillary, it can immediately be concluded that the solute particles are asymmetric (or they are deformed in the hydrodynamic field). Equations describing the relationship between flow rate, molecular shape and scattered intensity are given, and theoretical intensity patterns for some representative cases are presented. It follows that there is a fundamental difference in scattering patterns for oblate and prolate ellipsoids of revolution. This difference can be used to differentiate between these two cases. Some experimental results obtained using inorganic model colloids are presented.
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    A device for accurate single-crystal X-ray diffraction investigations at non-ambient temperatures: 83–1120 K (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 43-50 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A device is described which uses liquid nitrogen to generate a cold or hot gas stream which is blown directly onto the crystal mounted on an X-ray diffractometer. With a specially constructed high-vacuum (〈 1.3 × 10–5 Pa) jacketed silica Dewar tube, it can operate between 83 and 1120 K with a stability over long time periods of ± ¼ K below and ± 1 K above ambient temperature. In the latter case the short-time stability is ± ¼ K for hours. It gives an inert atmosphere at elevated temperatures and allows extensive data collection for the accurate determination of crystal structures. The evaporator, the automatic refilling system and the silica Dewar tube are described.
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    A fitting method for X-ray diffraction profiles (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 60-61 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A fitting method is proposed for X-ray diffraction profiles which requires only a small number of parameters.
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    Crystal data for two series of solid solutions: (RbxK1−x)MgCr2(VO4)3 and (TlxK1−x)MgCr2(VO4)3 (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 61-62 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Complete solid solution is observed amongst the compounds of the type M1MgCr2(VO4)3 (where M1 = K, Rb or Tl). The solid-solution series obtained show linear changes in peak positions and peak intensities in their X-ray diffraction patterns. The crystallographic behaviour with respect to the value of x for (RbxK1−xMgCr2(VO4)3 and (TlxK1−x)MgCr2(VO4)3 solid solutions is discussed.
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    Crystal data for ferric molybdate: Fe2(MoO4)3 (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 64-65 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Indexed powder patterns of the monoclinic phase, stable at room temperature, and of the orthorhombic phase, stable for T 〉 786 K, are given. The cell dimensions are: a = 15.737 (8), b = 9.231 (5), c = 18.224 (9) Å, β = 125.46 (2)° at 295 K; a = 9.330 (3), b = 12.868 (5), c = 9.242 (3) Å at 818.6 K. Linear equations describing the thermal expansion of the two phases of ferric molybdate are reported. To verify if ferric molybdate can incorporate excess MoO3, measurements on non-stoichiometric samples were also made: no evidence of the presence of excess MoO3 was found.
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    Crystal data for high-temperature As2O5 (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 68-68 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: High-temperature As2O5 at 768 ± 5 K is tetragonal with a = 8.577 (1), c = 4.637 (1) Å, V = 341.2 Å3, Z = 4, Dc = 4.475 Mg m−3. Indexed powder data are given.
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    BLOKJE, a computer program to calculate the domain of an atom in a structure (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 151-153 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A computer program has been written with the aim of calculating the domain of an atom in a structure. The domain may be limited by planes situated half-way between the atoms, or at a distance that takes into account the relative radii of the atoms. Data concerning this domain and the corresponding coordination polyhedron are computed and printed. Punched cards, to be used in a special plotting program, can also be produced. Three types of weighted coordination number are calculated.
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    Optical transforms of disordered molecular crystals (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 244-251 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: An Optronics P-1700 film-writing device is used to produce simulations of disordered organic molecular crystals. The simulations may be used directly to obtain optical diffraction patterns for comparison with X-ray diffuse scattering photographs of real crystals. Examples of some substituted anthracenes are given to demonstrate the diversity of disorder effects which may be included and the level of precision achieved.
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    The asymmetrically cut Bonse–Hart X-ray diffractometer. II. Comparison with the Kratky camera (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 256-258 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The asymmetrically cut, optimized BH diffractometer for small-angle X-ray scattering experiments is compared with the Kratky camera. It is shown that a crossover point exists in the resolution so that at a lower resolution the Kratky camera is superior and at a higher resolution the BH system is preferable. The crossover point depends on the number of reflections used. Methods of reducing the spurious signal and increasing the S/N ratio of the BH system are also discussed.
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    An estimate of the surface roughness effect (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 219-222 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A method for the computation of the effect of rough sample surfaces on diffraction intensities is described. Though the model used for the calculation is a special simple one, it is exact. The method is illustrated by its application to a surface whose boundary is a saw-tooth. Possible generalizations of the character of the surface roughness effect and how it depends on the dimensions of the surface irregularities are inferred from the calculation.
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    Preliminary investigation of a new X-ray film (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 256-260 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A new X-ray film, produced by CEAVERKEN in Sweden, has recently become available. Some properties of this film have been compared to three other films commonly used in the recording of X-ray diffraction intensities (Agfa T4, Kodak No-screen, Ilford Industrial G). The linearity of CEA film has been found to be similar to that for Agfa and Ilford. The speed of the new film is about 10% lower than Agfa or Kodak, and the film factor was measured to be 2.9 for Cu Kα radiation. The background level is significantly lower than on the other three films investigated. This combination of properties makes CEA film suitable for routine collection of X-ray diffraction data.
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    Precipitation and ordering in calcia- and yttria-stabilized zirconia (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 375-379 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Single crystals of ZrO2–15 mol % CaO and ZrO2–9 mol % Y2O3, annealed for either 400 h at 1273 K or 2.5 h at 1673 K and then quenched, were examined by electron diffraction and dark-field transmission electron microscopy. The thermal treatments duplicated those of Faber, Mueller & Cooper [Phys. Rev. B (1978), 17, 4884–4888], who used elastic neutron scattering to investigate fluorite-forbidden reflections which arise from what previous authors have called the `ordered' structure. The present results show that the extra reflections are due to precipitation of tetragonal ZrO2 in both systems. Imaging with the diffuse-scattered intensity also present reveals small domains, presumably associated with oxygen-vacancy ordering, in the cubic solid-solution matrix. The diffuse intensity is observed whether or not tetragonal ZrO2 precipitates are present.
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    Multiple twinning in Co(C15H11OS)3 (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 397-398 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Crystals of tris(3-mercapto-1,3-diphenyl-2-propen-1-onato)cobalt(III), Co(C15H11OS)3, C45H33CoO3S3, are monoclinic, P21/a, a = 19.33, b = 11.02, c = 18.13 Å, all ±0.3%, β = 93°0′±15′; Dobs = 1.346 (5) Mg m−3 at 293 K giving Z = 4 and Dx = 1.338 Mg m−3. Multiple twinning results from fortuitous pseudo-orthorhombic and pseudo-hexagonal (a/b ∼√3) twin-lattice symmetry around c[001].
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  • 62
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    Crystal data for Lu2Si2O7 (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 349-350 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Lutetium pyrosilicate single crystals Lu2Si2O7 were grown by a floating-zone technique associated with an arc image furnace. The compound is monoclinic, space group C2/m, Z = 2, a = 6.7665 (14), b = 8.8407 (18), c = 4.7195 (27) Å and β = 101.95 (3)°. Indexed X-ray powder data at 294 K are given.
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    Crystallographers (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 353-354 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 64
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    Revised crystal data of BaZnGeO4 (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 400-401 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Transparent and colourless single crystals of BaZnGeO4 were grown by the Czochralski pulling method. Chemical analysis showed that the crystal composition was very close to stoichiometry. The unit cell is hexagonal with a = 9.297 (1) and c = 35.284 (2) Å. These are √3 and 4 times larger for a and c, respectively, than the already reported ones. D293 is 5.144 and Dx is 5.140 Mg m−3 for Z = 24. The most probable space group is P63. Indexed powder data and some physical properties are given.
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    The measurement of the X-ray scattering factors of silicon from the fine structure of Laue-case rocking curves (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 410-416 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Laue-case rocking curves of a pair of crystals with nearly equal thickness display a detailed fine structure which is shown to be very suited to the determination of precise values of the atomic scattering factor fg. Preliminary data thus obtained are f440 (AgKα) = 5.377 (15) and f440 (Mo Kα) = 5.402 (18) for silicon at 293 K. They agree well with the more precise data obtained in the past with the Pendellösung method using wedge-shaped crystals [Aldred & Hart (1973). Proc. R. Soc. London Ser. A, 332, 223–238]. The strength and the advantages of the new method are discussed. With proper optimization the rocking-curve method is assumed to measure fg values with errors less than 0.1%.
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    A study of the ordered structures of the Au–Mn system by high-voltage–high-resolution electron microscopy. II. Two-dimensional antiphase structures based on the DO22 structure (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 392-400 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Two-dimensional antiphase domain structures existing in the composition range 20–23 at.% Mn were investigated by a high-resolution structure-imaging technique with a 1 MV electron microscope. The structures are based on the DO22 structure and consist of parallelogram-shaped domains containing 4 × 3 columns of Mn atoms and lozenge-shaped domains with 4 × 4 and 3 × 3 columns, and the domains are separated by two-dimensional antiphase boundaries parallel to the ({\bar 2}40) and (240) planes of the fundamental face-centred structure. The configuration of the domains changes delicately with a slight change of composition or annealing temperature, and the symmetry of the structure is lowered below about 670 K. The ideal structure models have compositions of about 22.7 at.% Mn. The images of about half of the specimen area of the 22.6 at.% Mn alloy annealed at 570 K do not correspond to these new structures, but bear a resemblance to the image expected from the two-dimensional antiphase structure proposed by Watanabe [J. Phys. Soc. Jpn (1960), 15, 1030–1040] for Au3Mn, which is based on the L12 structure and has boundaries parallel to the (100) and (010) planes.
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    Crystallographers (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 462-462 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Scanning electron microscopy/1979. Parts I and II edited by O. Johari (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 463-464 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Optimization of quantitative X-ray diffraction analysis (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 479-485 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Very little emphasis is generally given to the reliability of the concentrations obtained by the methods of X-ray diffraction phase analysis. Thus the statistical accuracy of the results is not or only vaguely known. The related optimization problem of choosing the precision of measurement of the diffraction peaks in such a manner that the concentrations of required accuracy be obtained in a minimum time is unsolved in the literature. Owing to the lack of this optimization, the time spent on the diffraction measurements is usually much larger than the accuracy of the results would substantiate. The optimization is elaborated in the present paper. The resulting procedure to be followed is conceptually simple and of general applicability. A computer program has been developed for carrying out all calculations.
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    Détermination précise de la composition de couches epitaxiées Ga1−xInxP (0≤x≤0,10) (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 513-515 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The chemical composition of Ga1−xInxP (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.10) alloys epitaxically grown on GaP substrates has been determined by electron microprobe analysis and by lattice-parameter measurement (a). The a(x) calibration curve follows Vegard's law which confirms the regular character of the solid solution and the existence of strain relaxation in the epitaxic layers.
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    Report of the Executive Committee for 1979 (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 635-635 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Current topics in materials science. Vol. 3 edited by E. Kaldis (1980)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 13 (1980), S. 636-637 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Polymorphism of malononitrile. Crystallographic characterization of the L–F phase transition (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 1-2 
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    Notes: The L-F phase transition of malononitrile, CH2(CN)2, has been characterized by powder X-ray diffraction analysis. The powder data of L and F phases are given. Crystallographic results are consistent with spectroscopic and calorimetric ones which indicate that this transition is of first order and corresponds to a reconstructive mechanism.
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    Precise lattice parameter determination of PtHg4 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 100-101 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The lattice parameter of cubic PtHg4 at 298 K is 6.2001 Å and it is accurate to better than 1 part in 10000.
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    HELP: a Fortran V computer program for obtaining the Cartesian coordinates of a single molecule from its chemical formula (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 129-132 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A Fortran V computer program for obtaining the atomic coordinates of a single molecule from its chemical formula is presented. The program has been tested in a UNIVAC 1100 computer. The program assigns a Cartesian system to each skeletal bond and assigns each atom to its proper Cartesian system. The program lists the various types of bonds of each atom and, given the torsion angles, computes the conformation of the whole molecule. Torsion angle and atom numbering is automated by the program. Cyclic structures can also be represented. At present molecules containing hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, sulfur, silicon and halogen atoms can be represented.
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    Asbestos. Vol. 1. Final report of the Advisory Committee; Vol. 2. Papers prepared for the Advisory Committee (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 77-78 
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    A cell model for X-ray scattering from random systems (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 309-314 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A model, belonging to the class of cell models previously introduced, is developed to calculate the small-angle X-ray scattering of random multiphase systems. This model, which is applied to supported metal catalysts, involves two cell sizes, one for the support and one for the metal. Interphase surface areas and the correlation function, related to the X-ray scattering intensity by a Fourier transform, are given in terms of these two parameters. By fitting the measured intensity I(h) to that predicted by the model, values for the metal and support surface areas are obtained.
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    Use of a single-stage, closed-cycle cryorefrigerator for routine measurements at moderately low temperatures on a four-circle neutron diffractometer (1981)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 14 (1981), S. 326-328 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A single-stage closed-cycle helium cryorefrigerator has been installed on a conventional four-circle neutron diffractometer. The cold head together with a specially designed support and alignment unit are sufficiently compact to enable it to be mounted directly onto the φ rotation table within the χ circle in place of the normal goniometer head used for room-temperature experiments. The device has a temperature range of 50 to 300 K, is extremely simple to use, and has a low operation cost as no cryogenic liquids are consumed. There are additional restrictions on the diffractometer angles but, with care, it is possible to measure at least half the reciprocal sphere.
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    Interactive dynamic molecular display (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 467-468 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A program is described to allow the dynamic graphic manipulation of molecules on a Tektronix 4054 graphics system. The program is useful for structure examination during X-ray crystal structure solution and for visualizing the results of structure determinations.
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    The forward scattering of cold neutrons by mixtures of light and heavy water (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 15-19 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: The forward scattering of cold neutrons in small-angle scattering experiments on macromolecules dissolved in mixtures of light and heavy water is predominantly determined by the large incoherent cross section of the hydrogen atoms leading to an isotropic background level. The probability per unit solid angle for forward scattering by samples rich in H2O is approximately equal to the fraction of the primary beam which has not been transmitted through the sample, divided by the full solid angle 4π. When using the camera D11 at the high flux reactor in Grenoble [Ibel (1976). J. Appl. Cryst. 9, 296–309] this simple relation is fulfilled within ±5% by a 1 mm thick sample of H2O at 281.8 K using neutrons of 1.0 nm wavelength. In D2O, the coherent cross section is of the same order as the incoherent one, and about one half of all those neutrons which had been removed from the primary beam are scattered into large angles. Our experimental results and the derived graphs allow us to determine the effective forward scattering per unit solid angle for any volume fraction of D2O in H2O/D2O mixtures around room temperature by a simple and accurate transmission experiment in conjunction with the measurement of the scattering of one single sample of H2O of 1 mm thickness, for neutrons of wavelengths from 0.45 to 1.0 nm.
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    A new CeO2 form obtained as oxidation product of CeO2+SiO2-doped hot-pressed silicon nitride (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 55-59 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: By using data from the Wallace & Ward [J. Appl. Cryst. (1975), 8, 255–260] cylindrical texture camera integrated with other traditional X-ray powder film techniques for very low and very high diffraction angles, a new high-temperature modification of CeO2 was identified and indexed resulting in a trigonal or hexagonal unit cell with a = 8.36(2) and c = 10.42(2) Å, (axial ratio 1.264) and Z = 16. The new phase is an oxidation product of CeO2-doped hot-pressed silicon nitride. It can be quenched to room temperature under appropriate conditions. Its stability on reheating is strictly related to its interaction with the silicate phase.
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    A simple method for the determination of structure-factor phase relationships and crystal polarity using electron diffraction (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 60-64 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: Multiple electron scattering between weak beams has been used as the basis for a simple method to determine the absolute polarity of some non-centrosymmetric crystals. For crystals with the sphalerite structure many orientations have been found in which small departures from centrosymmetry produce large effects on the convergent-beam diffraction patterns (microdiffraction). The effects are reasonably independent of thickness and so can be analyzed qualitatively without the use of computers.
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    Refinement of the crystal orientation matrix for the flat-cone diffractometer (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 79-81 
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    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
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    Notes: A procedure for refining a crystal orientation matrix for the flat-cone diffractometer is discussed. The positions of the centers of gravity of refections obtained during routine data collection are transformed in such a way that they can be used as input to the least-squares procedures of Busing & Levy [Acta Cryst. (1967), 22, 457–464] or Shoemaker & Bassi [Acta Cryst. (1970), A26, 97–101]. The orientation matrix can be refined on the basis of the positions of all observed reflections, and not only of a selected sample, thus increasing its reliability. The procedure is particularly suited for protein crystallographic studies, as it makes it possible to compensate for crystal movements encountered during data collection.
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    The resolving capability of the NaI(Tl) scintillation detector (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 98-99 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Attention is drawn to the influence of high quantal flux on the resolving capability of the scintillation detector.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S002188988201142X
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    A comment on attenuator factors and the dead time of counter systems (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 99-100 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Attenuator factors are functionally dependent on X-ray flux when dead time is ignored. The combination of this effect with counting losses downgrades diffracted intensity progressively with increasing intensity and is therefore liable to be confused with the effect of extinction. It can have a significant influence on the accuracy of the resultant structure factors. Estimation and elimination of this error source is straightforward.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882011431
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    Paramètres, groupe d'espace et diagramme de poudre de l'amino-2 thiazole-1,3 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 106-107 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The title compound, C3H4N2S, crystallizes in the orthorhombic system, space group Pbca. The cell constants are determined from a single crystal: a = 9,62 ± 0,02, b = 5,90 ± 0,01 and c = 15,59 ± 0,03 Å. X-ray powder diffraction data are given.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882011480
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  • 87
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    An X-ray diffraction study of the system Al2S3–In2S3 in the In-rich region (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 107-111 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A series of samples in the system Al2S3–In2S3 in the In-rich region have been synthesized and studied by X-ray diffraction. At the lowest values of the Al/In (molar) ratio, r, the existing phase, β, is isostructural with the room-temperature, ordered, tetragonal phase of In2S3. As the Al content increases a progressive disorder of cations takes place. For r≳l/10 this disorder is completed and β is replaced with a phase, denoted as α, which is isostructural with the first high-temperature, cubic, phase of In2S3. The unit-cell parameters of the ternary β and α alloys, (AlxIn1 − x)2S3, decrease linearly as the Al content increases. From r≳1/3 to r ̃2/3 there is a two-phase region, α + γ1. The hexagonal phase γ1 is isostructural with AlInS3, appearing at r = 1, and with the second high-temperature, γ, modification of In2Se3. The phase γ1 also exists in the systems Ga2Se3–In2Se3 and Al2Se3–In2Se3 in the In-rich region for the (Ga, Al)/In (molar) ratio greater than ̃1/50.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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    Notes and News (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 577-578 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012667
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  • 89
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    Mössbauer spectroscopy and its chemical applications edited by J. G. Stevens and G. K. Shenoy (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 579-579 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012680
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  • 90
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    Neutron transmutation doped silicon edited by J. Guldberg (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 579-580 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012709
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  • 91
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    Rietveld refinement with spallation neutron powder diffraction data (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 581-589 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The mathematical functions necessary for Rietveld refinement of time-of-flight neutron powder diffraction patterns from spallation sources are developed and a computer program for least-squares analysis is described. The results of Rietveld refinements of nickel and a low-carbon steel are described and discussed. The method fully exploits the high resolution (Δd/d ̃0.3 ̃0.5%) available with powder diffractometers currently in operation on these sources and examples are given of precise determination of atom coordinates, thermal parameters, lattice parameters and the detection of small strains.
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    Notes and News (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 639-639 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012874
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  • 93
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    Current Crystallographic Books 1970 through 1981 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 640-676 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012898
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  • 94
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    Etude microstructurale de carbures M7C3 (1983)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 16 (1983), S. 1-10 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Three cells with trigonal, orthorhombic or hexagonal symmetry have been proposed to describe M7C3 carbides. Examinations of heavily faulted chromium, iron, vanadium mixed carbides present in white cast irons and in chromium steels have been performed by means of electron microscopy and diffraction. Electron diffraction patterns of the first-order Laue zone have been obtained with crystals having their c axis nearly parallel to the electron beam. They contain reflections which are typical of the symmetry and streaks which are typical of the faults. This original method of examination has systematically been applied to numerous carbides and comparisons of these experimental patterns with theoretical patterns expected from models which view the three structures of M7C3 carbides as three different superlattices of a hypothetical disordered lattice lead to the following two main results: the structure of these carbides is well described with the orthorhombic cell previously given by Fruchart, Senateur, Bouchard & Michel [C.R. Acad. Sci. (1965), 260, 913]; the planar faults, which are often periodic, are antiphase boundaries or twins with fault planes {10{\bar 1}0} and fault vectors R = a, b or a + b.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889883009863
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    Kα2 elimination algorithm for Cu, Co and Cr radiations (1983)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 16 (1983), S. 24-27 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: It is well known that the extraneous Kα2 line complicates the interpretation of X-ray diffraction spectra. Experience has shown that the arms and weights calculated by Ladell's method [Laddell, Parrish & Taylor (1959). Acta Cryst. 12, 561–567] have to be determined for each user's X-ray diffractometer, rather than using the published coefficients, for an accurate Kα2 elimination. When different materials are analyzed, the signal/noise ratio can be optimized by choosing a suitable target material. Kα2 correction coefficients have been calculated for Cu, Co and Cr radiations using a fast Fourier calculation method.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889883009905
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    X-ray topography of natural beryl using synchrotron and conventional sources (1983)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 16 (1983), S. 47-56 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Continuous-spectrum synchrotron-radiation Laue transmission topographs of natural beryl have been compared with the corresponding projection topographs taken with conventional apparatus and Cu Kα1 and Mo Kα1 radiations in an analysis of configurations of grown-in lattice defects and of the diffraction contrast they produce. The natural defects studied included grown-in dislocations, impurity zoning and fault surfaces. A growth-sector map was constructed for the (0001) specimen slice examined. Differences of contrast among the various reflections appearing on the synchrotron-radiation topographs are discussed and it is demonstrated that the contrast characteristics of the synchrotron-radiation images which consist of a superimposition of 3{\bar 2\bar 1}1 and 6{\bar 4 \bar 2}2 reflections can be satisfactorily synthesized by a weighted superimposition of the 3{\bar 21}1 image recorded with Cu Kα1 and the 6{\bar 4\bar 2}2 with Mo Kα1. Synchrotron-radiation damage to the crystal manifested itself on the X-ray topographs both as area contrast and as contrast at the periphery of the irradiated area, yet no visual absorption or birefringence due to this damage was detected. Annealing at 770 K for 3 h completely removed the contrast due to radiation damage.
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    Molecular Structures and Dimensions (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 250-250 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882011911
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    The derivation of the axes of the conventional unit cell from the dimensions of the Buerger-reduced cell (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 255-259 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The identification of twofold axes is straightforward if the cell is based on three of the shortest lattice translations. The distribution of twofold axes in space fixes the lattice symmetry and most conventional cell edges. A program based on this approach has been written. It works for the seven cases with minimum branching of the algorithm.
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    On `spike' diffuse reflections in electron diffraction patterns of diamonds (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 266-274 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The commonest natural diamonds (classification type Ia) contain platelet defects on {100}, usually with mean diameters in the 20 to 100 nm range, which generate disorder diffuse X-ray reflections in the form of (100) spikes through reciprocal-lattice points. Corresponding spikes in electron diffraction patterns of diamonds, recorded with 100 and 120 kV electrons, have been investigated. It has been established that (100) spikes appear most strongly in electron diffraction patterns of diamonds very rich in platelets, and are absent in the case of platelet-free diamonds (types IIa and IIb). Spikes from diamonds containing relatively large platelets are sharper than those from diamonds containing very small platelets. Multiple scattering of electrons prevents measurement of the dependence of spike intensity upon diffraction order as can be done in the X-ray case. Some experiments with spike electron reflections have been performed that are impossible in the X-ray case. It has been shown that when the crystal volume sampled by the electron beam contains only one platelet, then the spike distribution reduces to a pattern containing only spikes normal to the platelet concerned. Also, dark-field weak-beam microscopy has been applied, by selecting one spike only in the diffraction pattern, to identify orientations of small platelets through the imaging of only those platelets normal to the spike selected.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882011972
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    Study of adsorption on powders by surface differential diffraction measurements. Argon on Co3O4 (1982)
    Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Applied crystallography online 15 (1982), S. 301-307 
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    ISSN: 1600-5767
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The amplitude and phase of a wave scattered by an adsorbed layer can be deduced from the modifications of the Bragg peak of the powder by adsorption. The treatment of experimental data involves the interpretation of a function of the extra intensity detected and has the advantages of an integrated intensity method. Powders containing crystallites limited by several types of faces can be studied. The Co3O4 sample studied is limited only by (110) and (111) faces of respective areas 11 and 27 m2 g−1. The (111) planes terminating crystallites contain oxygen covering a layer of cobalt in octahedral sites. Other possible terminating layers are ruled out for (111) planes. The structures of the bidimensional layers of argon on (110) and (111) planes are determined.
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    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0021889882012023
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