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  • growth
  • Springer  (15)
  • PANGAEA
  • 1975-1979  (15)
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Verlag/Herausgeber
Erscheinungszeitraum
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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Human ecology 3 (1975), S. 43-57 
    ISSN: 1572-9915
    Schlagwort(e): zinc ; nutrition ; growth ; central nervous system malformations
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Ethnologie
    Notizen: Abstract In the last few years, considerable evidence has been obtained regarding the importance of zinc in human nutrition. Zinc is an important component of many metalloenzymes and is also required for metabolism of nucleic acids and synthesis of protein. Human requirements for zinc vary at different times in development, but appear to be particularly high during embryonic life, during periods of rapid growth, and during pregnancy. Although zinc is widely distributed in foods, a number of types of diets appear to be deficient or marginal in terms of available zinc. In addition, there is physiological loss of zinc in bleeding and sweating which may lead to low levels of body zinc. A syndrome characterized by markedly retarded growth and sexual development that occurs in the Middle East has been shown to be due to zinc deficiency. This syndrome is reviewed. It is thought that the zinc deficiency syndrome is only one end of a continuum of growth-related problems associated with low levels of physiologically available zinc. In rats, zinc deficiency during pregnancy has been shown to lead to congenital malformations in a large percentage of the offspring. A number of these malformations involve the central nervous system. We have suggested that epidemiological data support the possible importance of maternal zinc deficiency as an etiological factor in human CNS malformations. These data are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 81 (1976), S. 303-305 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): postnatal development ; exposure to cold ; growth ; hematopoiesis ; acceleration
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Erythropoiesis was observed to develop earlier in month-old rats which had developed during periodic exposure to cold than in control animals. This was reflected in a shorter period of physiological anemia. The circulating blood volume of the experimental animals was greater at all times of the investigation. As a result of the improvement to the blood supply of the organs and tissues, growth and development of the experimental rats were accelerated and the resting energy expenditure was more economic than in control rats of the same age.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Bulletin of experimental biology and medicine 82 (1976), S. 1782-1784 
    ISSN: 1573-8221
    Schlagwort(e): fetus ; growth ; adrenal cortex ; motor responses ; hypoxia ; hyperoxia
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract The content of lipids, cholesterol, and ascorbic acid in the adrenal cortex was investigated in rabbit fetuses developing under conditions of normal gestation and during exposure in the last third of pregnancy to hypoxia and hyperoxia. During exposure to hypoxia (of moderate degree) activation of the adrenal cortex was reflected by a marked decrease in the content of lipids, cholesterol, and ascorbic acid. The total weight of the fetal muscle mass was increased under these circumstances. During exposure to hyperoxia the adrenal cortex was inactivated, as reflected in a marked increase in the content of the above-named substances. The total weight of the fetal muscle mass was reduced.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): rat liver ; chromatin ; proteins ; growth ; heterosis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract Electrophoretic comparisons of histones and other acid-extractable chromatin proteins isolated from the livers of growing F344 inbred rats and a heterotic paternal hybrid derived by crossing F344 males with Holtzman females reveal significant heterogeneity among a class of nonhistone components soluble in acid. These variations appear to be age and line specific and show more variation in the inbred than the hybrid. Comparisons of the acid-insoluble nonhistone proteins by sodium dodecylsulfate gel electrophoresis reveal significant quantitative changes in a 28,600 dalton polypeptide present in large quantities at 30, 35, and 50 days of age in the hybrid and at 40 and 45 days only in the inbred. Other minor variations were noted in a class of proteins of 40,000–45,000 molecular weight and in those of very high molecular weight (100,000–200,000). Such variations could be a reflection of or prelude to changes in genetic activity and could ultimately be important in the control of growth patterns of developing heterotic animals.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 58 (1978), S. 271-275 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Planorbarius corneus ; growth ; starvation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract The effect of different degrees of partial starvation on growth was studied in the fresh-water gastropodPlanorbarius corneus (L.). Two indices of growth were used, fresh weight and shell diameter, and for both indices the rate of growth decreased proportionately at least as much as the proportion of time that food was absent. This suggests that growth is not regulated in this species, and some doubts are expressed about the validity of results with other invertebrate species that suggest growth is regulated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Labeo bata ; age ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Age and growth of Labeo bata (Ham.) was studied by the analysis of annuli found on the scale and by length-frequency distribution. The fish attained lengths of 131, 194, 236, 277, 314, 341 and 364 mm at the end of the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th, 5th, 6th and 7th years of life respectively. The increase in length of scale bears a constant relationship with the increase in length of fish, and regression analysis yielded a straight line between scale and body length. Calculated values could be expressed as: Y = −2.534 + 0.064 X The growth rate of the fish was found high during the 1st and 2nd years and decreased gradually afterwards till the 7th year. Both sexes showed more a or less similar growth rate and attained a similar longevity. Growth trend of the fish confirmed the von Bertalanffy growth equation: Lt = 450(l−e−0.2165(t+0.5963)) The seasonal growth curve was chiefly influenced by feeding intensity in fishes of 1st year class while in adults it was affected by feeding intensity as well as by maturation of the gonads.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 51 (1976), S. 163-180 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Sphaerium ; growth ; fecundity ; mortality ; production
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract This paper reports studies carried out on natural populations of two species of viviparous clams, Sphaerium striatinum and S. simile, at three localities in two mesotrophic lakes in upstate New York. Sphaeriids are dominant members of the benthic fauna at the second trophic level in these localities, and more generally are cosmopolitan and ubiquitous animals. A growth survey involved monthly collections of regular samples, and these were used in measurements of growth, fecundity, mortality, and biomass production. S. striatinum proved to have an 18 to 24 month lifespan and S. simile one of about 26 months. Differences in reproduction included a maximum brood size of 12 in S. striatinum and of only 6 in S. simile, spat recruitment extending over 8 months in S. striatinum and over 9 months in S. simile, and a mean spat size at birth of 3.6 mm in S. striatinum and 6.4 mm in S. simile. The gross fecundity is thus markedly lower than that in the majority of molluscs. Mortality is to some extent compensating, adult survivorship being greater in S. simile, but mortality rates are remarkably steady and relatively low in both species. Field assessments of density showed that S. striatinum was dominant in one locality, and S. simile in another locality in the same lake, but that S. striatinum occurred at greater densities than any other sphaeriid species. Cage experiments confirmed the steady mortality rates and low fecundity values for these sphaeriids. Individual growth rates in cages are considerably higher than the mean values from population samples, since growth rates there are not obscured by recruitment of spat. A more complete analysis of growth in both species involved a series of over 400 determinations of total nitrogen (by micro-Dumas). These were utilized in computations of productivity. Embryonic production makes up only a small fraction (〈 10 per cent) of the biomass turnover in these viviparous sphaeriids. The overall annual productivity (in terms of total nitrogen) is o.8 grams nitrogen per square meter per year for S. striatinum and only 0.28 grams nitrogen per square meter per year for S. simile. In a discussion of these figures they are shown to correspond to about 33 per cent of the second trophic level productivity for S. striatinum and about to per cent for S. simile. Since sphaeriids are long-lived, these percentages reflect a real dominance. In further discussion of the ‘coexistence of these two species’, it is pointed out that mortality is higher for the less common species in each locality.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 50 (1976), S. 27-32 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): man-made lakes ; Lake Nasser ; Lates niloticus ; mortality ; growth
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Landings of Lates niloticus from Lake Nasser belonged to age groups I–VII, with II–III predominent. Mortality rate, as computed by two different methods, ranges around 75%. Turbid flood water did not reach Lake Nasser in 1972, and this fact may be responsible for the decline in the commercial catch from 1972 to 1973.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 50 (1976), S. 173-176 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Melosira ; growth ; vitamins
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 56 (1977), S. 225-227 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): algae ; temperature ; growth ; Griffithsia tenuis
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Clonal cultures of Griffithsia tenuis were grown for 18 days (Erdschreiber solution, LD 12 : 12, 2200 lux) at 13, 18, 22 and 25°C. The optimum temperature for growth (increase in number of cells) under these conditions was 22°C.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 11
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 58 (1978), S. 137-143 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): melania ; growth ; spire ; peristome ; aperture
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract Growth indices of Melania scabra have been studied. The length of shell, length of spire, length of base, width of shell, length of peristome (aperture) and width of peristome were measured. Similarly weights of the snails were also determined. In all the above cases, relationships were established taking length as the basic index.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 12
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 59 (1978), S. 243-259 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Schlagwort(e): Asellus aquaticus ; life history ; growth ; temperature ; degree-days ; evolutionary adaptation
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Abstract A new life history pattern for Asellus aquaticus is described from Lake Østensjøvatn in Oslo. Overwintering specimens (generation A) breed in spring. The next generation B matures, breeds and dies in first summer, giving rise to the overwintering generation C, which breeds next spring and dies. The death of generation B in its first summer could be shown by a study of oostegit development in the females. The end of the breeding season in autumn is thus accomplished by a complete replacement of generations. This pattern can be a) light stimulated, or b) a pre-determined cycle, uninfluenced by environmental factors. Breeding starts in spring when water temperature reaches about 7–8°C. Estimated incubation time was 23–35 days, corresponding to about 300 degree-days above 4°C. No growth took place from November till March–April. Growth started when water temperature reached 3–5°C. Growth increments per degree-day above 3°C were the same for the three generations which were followed, in spite of their different life spans and different temperatures. The total number of degree-days above 3°C available to the generations seemed to regulate the maximum length of the specimens in the respective generations. Comparison with life histories of the species in other lakes suggests that the different patterns described reflect an evolutionary adaptation to major environmental factors.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 13
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 14 (1976), S. 281-292 
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Schlagwort(e): rat liver ; chromatin ; growth ; heterosis ; RNA ; DNA ; protein
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie
    Notizen: Abstract The manifestation of hybrid vigor with regard to the inheritance of body weight was established as a postweaning phenomenon in rats. Liver weight gain generally corresponded to body weight gain and also reflected hybrid vigor. The protein/DNA ratios of the chromatin from livers of inbred and heterotic hybrid male rats were found to increase with increasing age in growing rats. Hybrid chromatin had higher protein/DNA ratios throughout the age range studies. The difference between hybrids and inbreds were greatest in the early postweaning stages of growth and maturation. The RNA/DNA ratios of chromatin from livers of inbred and hybrid male rats were also found to exhibit trends within certain developmental periods.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 14
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Euphytica 25 (1976), S. 647-658 
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Schlagwort(e): Theobroma cacao ; cacao ; cocoa ; Amelonado ; Upper-Amazon hybrids ; yield ; growth ; blackpod ; Ghana
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Notizen: Summary Progeny trials were planted at Tafo in 1952 and 1954 to compare 3 selfed local-Trinitarios, 1 outcrossed and 3 sibbed Upper Amazon progenies and 13 hybrids between Amelonado or local-Trinitarios and Upper Amazons; 1 trial included West African Amelonado. The Amazon hybrids and the outcrossed Amazon were particularly vigorous and precocious and maintained a yield advantage for 20 years. The 13 hybrids were similar in yield potential, but varied in net yield following differential losses from pod diseases, mainly caused by Phytophthora palmivora. Disease losses were lowest on one of the sibbed Amazons and the outcrossed Amazon and lower on Amelonado than on any of the 7 hybrids tested with it; in both trials losses were lower on Amelonado hybrids than on Trinitario hybrids. There was wide variation in both size and growth rates of mature trees and no consistent relationship between continued growth and crop. It seemed that later yields were not prejudiced by the precocity of Amazon hybrids, the yields from all types fluctuated together. Because the differences in disease losses are likely to be accentuated under farmer's conditions. Amelonado hybrids are preferable to local-Trinitario hybrids. The results also suggest that commercially acceptable pure Upper Amazon varieties could be developed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 15
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Potato research 21 (1978), S. 1-8 
    ISSN: 1871-4528
    Schlagwort(e): growth ; yield ; rhizosphere ; Arran Banner ; Compagnon ; Bintje
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Land- und Forstwirtschaft, Gartenbau, Fischereiwirtschaft, Hauswirtschaft
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung Im Herbst 1975, im Frühjahr und im Herbst 1976 wurden in Tripolis. Libyen, drei Versuche durchgeführt, um den Einfluss der Inokulation von Pflanzkartoffeln mitAzotobacter auf das Wachstum und den Ertrag von drei Kartoffelsorten (Arran Banner, Bintje und Compagnon) zu untersuchen. Nur bei der Sorte Arran Banner ergab sich eine Beeinflussung durch die Inokulation mitAzotobacter (Tabelle 1 und 3). Der Ertrag war in den drei Versuchen um 42.6% 17.4% bzw. 8.5% gesteigert. Die stärkste Reaktion ergab sich im ersten Versuch. bei dem niedrige Temperaturen und Bewölkung vorherrschten und die Wachstumsbedingungen für die Kartoffeln im allgemeinen ungünstig waren. Die Sorten Bintje und Compagnon zeigten keine signifikante Steigerung des Ertrages nach der Inokulation. Die Inokulation erhöhte die Stengellänge, hatte aber keinen signifikanten Einfluss auf die Stengelzahl pro Pflanze (Tabelle 2). Zählungen im Boden der Rhizosphäre zeigten. dass nach Inokulation des Pflanzgutes mitAzotobacter die Population in der Wurzelzone anstieg (Tabelle 4). Die Ertragssteigerung nach der Inokulation scheint durch eine Anreicherung vonAzotobacter in der Rhizosphäre intokulierter Pflanzen hervorgerufen zu sein.
    Kurzfassung: Résumé Trois expérimentations ont été menées à Tripoli en Libie afin d'étudier l'effet de l'inoculation de tubercules de semence avecAzotobacter sp. sur la croissance et le rendement de 3 variétés de pomme de terre (Arran Banner, Bintje et Compagnon). Ces essais se sont déroulés durant l'automne 1975, le printemps et l'automne 1976. Il n'y a eu que la variété Arran Banner qui a répondu de manière conséquente à l'inoculationd'Azotobacter sp. (tableaux 1 et 3). L'augmentation de rendement a été respectivement de 42.6%, 17.4% et 8,5% dans les 3 expériences. La meilleure réponse a été obtenue dans la première expérimentation où des températures basses et des jours couverts ont dominé et où les conditions de végétation ont été généralement défavorables à la pomme de terre. Les variétés Bintje et Compagnon n'ont pas montré d'augmentation significative du rendement avec inoculation. L'inoculation parAzotobacter sp, augmente la longueur des tiges, mais n'a pas d'effet significatif sur le nombre de tiges par plante (tableau 2). Les comptagesd'Azotobacter sp. dans la rhizosphère ont indiqué que l'inoculation de la semence augmentait la populationd'Azotobacter au niveau de la zone racinaire (tableau 4). Cela est probablement dû au fait que l'augmentation du rendement grâce à l'inoculation résulte d'une meilleure adaptationd'Azotobacter sp. au niveau de la rhizosphère des plantes inoculées.
    Notizen: Summary When the potato cultivars Arran Banner, Bintje, and Compagnon were inoculated withAzotobacter chroococcum in Libya, only Arran Banner responded significantly; plant growth was stimulated and the yield of marketable tubers increased by 8.5–42.6% above the untreated control. The very large yield increase in one season was associated with unfavourable growing conditions.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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