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  • Chemical Engineering  (1,916)
  • 1975-1979  (1,916)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of polymeric structure on the permeation rate in standard reference material sulfur dioxide permeation tubes (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 11-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Liquid SO2 sealed into tubes made of a fluorocarbon copolymer permeates the walls of the tube at a temperature-dependent but accurately reproducible rate. Sulfur dioxide dispensers made in this way are called permeation tubes and are useful for calibrating instruments that measure SO2 concentrations in air. The National Bureau of Standards calibrates SO2 permeation tubes and makes them available as Standard Reference Materials. The permeation rate in a batch of nominally identical tubes varies enough that each Standard Reference Material tube must be individually calibrated. Changes in the length or radial dimensions of the tubes are much too small to explain most of this variation. An excellent (negative) correlation is found between the measured permeation rate and the density of the polymer (or weight per unit length). Since both the measured density and the permeation rate for this semi-crystalline polymer depend upon morphological factors, but in different ways, x-ray diffraction measurements of the thickness and orientation of the lamellar crystals were made and a mathematical model was set up to identify the morphological factors which can cause variations in the permeation rate.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A theory of roll coating of viscous and viscoelastic fluids (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 1-10 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A theory for roll coating of a fluid onto a moving sheet is developed utilizing the usual “lubrication approximations.” The effects of fluid and operating parameters on coating thickness and pressure distribution are determined for a Newtonian fluid, and for a purely viscous non-Newtonian fluid obeying the Power Law. The results for these cases are obtained analytically, and are rather straightforward.A viscoelastic fluid is considered, of a type which shows typical non-Newtonian shear behavior observed in polymer melts and solutions and which also exhibits normal stress behavior. Analytical solutions are not possible, but a perturbation method, using a viscoelastic perturbation parameter related to a Deborah number, yields an approximate solution. Only terms to first order in the perturbation parameter are given. Subject to that degree of approximation, the following conclusions are drawn: 1Non-Newtonian shear behavior reduces the pressure distribution, and increases the coating thickness.1Elasticity of the type usually observed in polymer solutions makes only a minor contribution to the roll-separating (load-carrying) force. The contribution is positive, but smaller than the corresponding negative contribution due to the non-Newtonian shear effects.1An increase in load-carrying capacity would require a different viscoelastic fluid than the type considered here - one that is essentially Newtonian in shear but, independently, capable of developing significant normal stresses.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150102
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Maximum pressure developed by solid conveying force in screw extruders (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 29-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: There are two distinct solid conveying theories that can be applied to plasticating screw extruders. One is Darnell and Mol's theory based on a solid-to-solid friction model and the other is Chung's theory based on a viscous shearing model. The two theories predict very different solid conveying performances for a same set of conditions. In this paper, the maximum pressures that can be developed inside plasticating screw extruders by the solid conveying force are calculated using each of the two theories. Comparison of the results may shed some light on the applicability of each theory for a particular extrusion operation.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150105
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Masthead (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975) 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150201
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of mold temperature on the morphology and properties of polypropylene: I. A propylene-ethylene copolymer (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 79-83 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The mechanical properties of a propylene-ethylene copolymer resin depend strongly on the mold temperature employed during injection molding. Average spherulite size correlates well with most physical properties; good impact properties are related to small average size, and high heat distortion temperatures to large average size. Tensile specimens have three distinct regions when viewed through crossed polars. The outer region (Region 1) does not contain spherulites, but Regions 2 and 3 do. The largest spherulites are found in Region 3, the center of the specimen. Region 1 has a molecular weight higher than that of the other two regions.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150205
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The detection of structure in amorphous polymers by electron microscopy: Particle flow (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 113-116 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: During the last several years there has been considerable interest in the occurrence of structure in certain bulk polymers normally thought to be structurally homogeneous. Specifically, it has been proposed that polymers produced by emulsion polymerization may retain a particle structure in the bulk state. This has been demonstrated by both rheological measurements and by electron microscopy. In this work we show conclusively that at least part of the particle structure observed by electron microscopy for polystyrene is an intrinsic feature of the fracture surface and is in no way related to the history of the sample.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150211
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological properties of incompatible blends of two elastomers (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 742-746 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Mold flows and melt viscosities of an incompatible bi-component EPDM and “Viton” fluoroelastormer system were examined. A marked reduction in the melt viscosities of either component was observed when a small amount of the other component was present. It was speculated that the phenomenon was a result of a slippage between the polymer and the coated capillary surface due to the presence of a minor amount of the incompatible polymer. Evidence is given to indicate that this effect cannot be accounted for using the “melt structural heterogeneity” mechanism proposed for a different system by Andtrianova.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760161106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increase of adhesive bond strength through the mechanochemical creation of free radicals Part II. Shear and peel test resultsBased on Report No. TDM 73-06 (Technion, Haifa 1973) to the NBS, Washington, D.C, and the National Research Council of Israel. Presented in part at the XXIVth International Symposium on Macromolecules (IUPAC) 1975, Jerusalem Israel. (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 760-770 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The Part I paper described the mechanochemical basis for achieving high adhesive strength in bonds between polymeric surfaces such as polyethylene, polypropylene, and Teflon, using the SABRA method (Surface Activation Beneath Reactive Adhesives). This paper gives a brief survey of bonding techniques as well as results of shear tests of simple lap joints and scarfed tube joints. They compared favorably with other methods such as CASING, Peeling test results are also presented. Mixed systems were examined such as glass fiber reinforced polyester bonded to polypropylene and aluminum with thin films of polymeric material sandwiched between. A start was made towards of optimization and exploration of primer specificity for different materials, The implications and further applications of the SABRA method are discussed.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760161108
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermoplastic urethane elastomers V. Compatible and incompatible blends with various polymers (1976)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 16 (1976), S. 771-776 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Various blends over extended compositional ranges have beer, prepared for combinations of a thermoplastic urethane elastomer with polystyrene, a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, a polyhydroxyether (Phenoxy A), and poly(vinyl ethyl ether). The thermoplastic urethane elastomer was based on a polycaprolactone diol of approximately 2100 number average molecular weight, 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate and 1,4-butanediol at a molar ratio of 1/2/1, respectively. At ambient temperature, the tensile properties of the blends typically are intermediate between the values of the two separate components. Characterizations of the dynamic mechanical properties of the blends show the relative degree of compatibility for the thermoplastic urethane elastomer and the respective polymers. Two separate glass transitions are obtained for blends of polystyrene and the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer with the thermoplastic urethane elastomer. This behavior demonstrates that these blend systems are incompatible. The blends of Phenoxy A and the thermoplastic urethane elastomer exhibit a single glass transition for which the temperature is dependent on the respective concentration of the components. These mixtures are considered to be compatible in nature.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760161109
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of an extrusion rheometer suitable for on-line rheological measurementsBased on the Ph.D. dissertation of Paul W. Springer at the Ohio State University, Dept. of Chemical Engineering, Columbus, Ohio. (1975)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 15 (1975), S. 583-587 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: A new type of extrusion rheometer has been designed which employs dual slit geometry with a double valve. The double valve concept allows a change in flow rates through the slits, while the total extruder flow rate remains constant thus leaving extruder operating conditions unchanged. Electronic pressure transducers are mounted along the slit to record axial pressure distribution. Flow rates are measured by weighing polymer output and wall shear stresses are calculated from the axial pressure profiles. Exit pressures are derived from extrapolating the pressure profile to the slit exit and from this information the normal stresses can be determined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760150804
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