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Lehrbuch der Electricität und des Magnetismus, Band 1 (1883)

Berlin : Springer

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Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Vectors ; Electostatics ; Electostatic Instuments ; Conduction ; Resistance ; EMF ; Electolysis ; Conductance

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: "Maxwell is without peer. This printing is an opportunity to become thoroughly acquainted with the thought of the greatest of our electrical scientists." — School Science and MathHere is the final elaboration of Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism, including the systematic and rigorous derivation of his general equations of field theory. These equations continue to occupy a central position in the modern physicist's view of the physical world. They are a magnificent summary of the fundamental advances in electricity and magnetism, and later inspired the theories of Lorentz on the electron and Einstein on relativity. Einstein himself has said that "The formulation of these equations is the most important event in physics since Newton's time." (The Evolution of Physics.) Volume 1, Part 1, "Electrostatics," describes electrostatic phenomena and develops a mathematical theory of electricity. Maxwell discusses electrical work and energy in a system of conductors, mechanical action between two electrical systems, forms of equipotential surfaces and line of flow, spherical harmonics, the theory of electric images, and other topics. Part II, "Electrokinematics," deals with electric current conduction and resistance, electromotive force between bodies in contact, electrolysis, the mathematical theory of the distribution of electric currents, and other topics.

Seiten: Online-Ressource (XX, 528 Seiten)

URL: http://www.archive.org/details/lehrbuchderelec00maxwgoog

Sprache: Englisch

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Lehrbuch der Electricität und des Magnetismus, Band 2 (1883)

Maxwell, James Clerk

Berlin : Springer

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Schlagwort(e): Physics ; Magnetism ; Induction ; Solenoids ; Measurements ; Electromagnetism ; Ampere ; Current ; Field ; Units ; Current Sheet ; Instruments ; Coil ; Light

Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: "Maxwell is without peer. This printing is an opportunity to become thoroughly acquainted with the thought of the greatest of our electrical scientists." — School Science and MathHere is the final elaboration of Maxwell's theory of electromagnetism, including the systematic and rigorous derivation of his general equations of field theory. These equations continue to occupy a central position in the modern physicist's view of the physical world. They are a magnificent summary of the fundamental advances in electricity and magnetism, and later inspired the theories of Lorentz on the electron and Einstein on relativity. Einstein himself has said that "The formulation of these equations is the most important event in physics since Newton's time." (The Evolution of Physics.) Volume 1, Part 1, "Electrostatics," describes electrostatic phenomena and develops a mathematical theory of electricity. Maxwell discusses electrical work and energy in a system of conductors, mechanical action between two electrical systems, forms of equipotential surfaces and line of flow, spherical harmonics, the theory of electric images, and other topics. Part II, "Electrokinematics," deals with electric current conduction and resistance, electromotive force between bodies in contact, electrolysis, the mathematical theory of the distribution of electric currents, and other topics.

Seiten: Online-Ressource (XIV, 624 Seiten)

URL: http://www.archive.org/details/lehrbuchderelec01maxwgoog

Sprache: Englisch

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3

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Atoms to astronomy: Computer graphics at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory (1986)

Holzman, Robert E.

Springer

The visual computer 2 (1986), S. 159-163

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ISSN: 1432-2315

Schlagwort(e): Education ; Animation ; Computer graphics ; Physics ; Solar system

Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Thema: Informatik

Notizen: Abstract Within the Jet Propulsion Laboratory in Pasadena, California, state of the art computer graphics animation is done in the Computer Graphics Laboratory. The topics of the animations cover many scientific disciplines. Specific features of the system developed there, both hardware and software, are discussed. The prime mover of the effort is Dr. James F. Blinn of Pasadena; his role and experiences are elaborated. Their current largest project is The Mechanical Universe; the system is used for its production.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01900326

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4

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Copolymerization of cationic monomers with acrylamide in an aqueous solution (1986)

Tanaka, Hiroo

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 29-36

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ISSN: 0887-624X

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: The radical copolymerizations of commercially available cationic monomers (M1) with acrylamide (M2) have been investigated at pH 6.1 in aqueous solutions. The cationic groups in copolymers were analyzed by a colloid titration method and the reactivity ratios were determined by the Fineman-Ross method. The values of r1 and r2 were 1.71 and 0.25 for methacryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride—M2, 1.68 and 1.26 for N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate—M2, 1.13 and 0.57 for methacrylamidopropyltrimethylammonium chloride—M2, 1.10 and 0.47 for N,N-dimethylaminopropylmethacrylate—M2, 0.47 and 0.95 for N,N-dimethylaminopropylacrylamide—M2, 0.48 and 0.64 for acryloyloxyethyltrimethylammonium chloride-M2, and 0.58 and 6.7 for dimethyldiallylammonium chloride-M2 systems. The Alfrey-Price Q and e values were calculated and the linear relationship between log Q and ultraviolet absorption maxima of cationic monomers was found.

Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240103

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Functional polymers and sequential copolymers by phase-transfer catalysis. 16. Influence of sequence distribution on the mesomorphic properties of thermotropic copolyethers containing 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl (1986)

Shaffer, Timothy D. ; Jamaludin, Mustafah ; Percec, Virgil

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 15-27

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ISSN: 0887-624X

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Random and alternating thermotropic liquid-crystalline copolyethers have been synthesized from 4,4′-dihydroxybiphenyl and a 1/1 mol ratio of 1,5-dibromopentane and α,ω-dibromoalkanes by a two-phase (organic solvent-aqueous NaOH) phase-transfer-catalyzed polyetherification. Random copolyethers were prepared from α,ω-dibromoalkanes having six to twelve methylene units. Their phase behavior was compared with those of the perfectly alternating copolyethers containing five methylene units in one spacer and eight, nine, or eleven methylene units in the other, respectively. An odd-even dependence in thermal transitions has been observed in both oligomeric systems. In all cases, alternating copolyethers, even though comparatively lower in molecular weight, have given rise to higher melting and isotropization temperatures. Since the increase in the melting temperature is larger than the increase in the isotropization temperature, the thermal stability range of the mesophase has narrowed for alternating copolyethers with respect to their random copolyether counterparts.

Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240102

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Chemistry of alkenyl azlactones. VII. Preparation and properties of multiazlactones derived from mercaptan-functional compounds and oligomers (1986)

Heilmann, Steven M. ; Rasmussen, Jerald K. ; Krepski, Larry R. ; [weitere]

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 1-14

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ISSN: 0887-624X

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: The reaction of polymercaptans and 2-alkenyl azlactones has been further investigated, and several new multiazlactones which are liquids at room temperature have been prepared and characterized. Michael addition yielding the multiazlactones was found to take place slowly in the absence of and rapidly in the presence of acid catalysts. If basic impurities capable of forming mercaptide ion were present, however, the reaction underwent a substantially different course producing primarily ring-opened products. A source of these basic impurities was determined to be the method of preparation of the alkenyl azlactone itself. When the azlactone was prepared from its acyclic N-substituted aminoacid precursor by cyclodehydration by use of ethyl chloroformate and triethylamine, a small amount of triethylamine remained that dramatically altered the course of reaction. Nonbasic cyclodehydration agents such as dicyclohexylcarbodiimide were effective at eliminating this side reaction, as well as was the practice of adding excess acid to the reaction system to neutralize the basic impurities.

Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240101

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7

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Carbazole substituted N-acylated linear polyethylenimines (PEI). synthesis and characterization of poly[N-(9-carbazolyl)acetylethylenimine] and poly[N-(2-(9-carbazolyl))propanoylethylenimine] (1986)

Arora, Kartar S. ; Overberger, C. G.

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 37-60

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ISSN: 0887-624X

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: The synthesis of carbazola substituted N-acylated polyethylenimines, namely, poly[N-(9-carbazolyl)acetylethylenimine] 20 and poly[N-(2-(9-carbazolyl))propanoylethylenimine] 21 by a grafting reaction onto PEI and isomerization polymerization of the carbazole substituted 2-oxazolines is reported. A complete acylation of amino groups in PEI by the 9-carbazolylacetyl groups was achieved by the p-nitrophenyl active ester method but PEI was only partially N-acylated by the 2-(9-carbazolyl)propanoyl groups under similar reaction conditions. The carbazole substituted 2-oxazolines, namely, 2-(9-carbazolyl)methyl-2-oxazoline 18 and (R,S)-2-[1-(9-carbazolyl)]ethyl-2-oxazoline 19, were prepared by a base induced cyclization of ß-chloroamides. The ring-opening isomerization polymerization of 18 and 19 in the molten state with a cationic initiator (dimethyl sulfate, methyl triflate, or ethylene glycol ditosylate) gave 20 and 21. Gel permeation chromatography of 20 and 21 obtained with different monomerto-initiator ratios gave evidence of a chain transfer reaction with the monomer. The polymers were characterized by elemental analyses, IR, and 1H-NMR spectroscopy.

Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240104

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Syntheses of stereoregular and optically active polyamides from active 4-chloro-1-benzotriazolyl diesters and diamines (1986)

Overberger, C. G. ; Lu, C. X. ; Chen, C. C.

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 75-85

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ISSN: 0887-624X

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: A new route to prepare optically active polyamides was established, based on the polycondensation of two new active diesters: the active diesters of 4-chloro-1 hydroxybenzotriazole, such as 1,1'-(terephthaloyldioxy)bis(4-chloro-benzotriazole), and 1,1'-(isophthaloyldioxy)bis(4-chlorobenzotriazole), with optically active isomers of 2,4-diaminopentane. Dipolar aprotic solvents such as N,N-dimethylformamide and dimethyl sulfoxide were used as reaction solvents. The solution polycondensation carried out in solution at room temperature afforded optically active polyamides. The aminolysis of the two active diesters was carried out as a model reaction study.

Zusätzliches Material: 4 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240106

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9

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Permeation control of ionic fluorescent probes by ambient pH changes from nylon capsule membranes depending on their microstructuresPreliminary report: T. Seki and Y. Okahata, Macromolecules, 17, 1880 (1984). Functional Capsule Membranes 20. Part 19 of this series: Y. Okahata, K. Ariga and T. Seki, J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., 920 (1985). (1986)

Seki, Takahiro ; Okahata, Yoshio

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 61-73

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ISSN: 0887-624X

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: Permeations of water-soluble, ionic fluorescent probes from a large, ultrathin nylon-2,12 capsule membrane were largely affected by the ambient pH of the outer medium; permeations of cationic and anionic probes were accelerated by a factor of 50-100 in the basic and acidic medium, respectively, relative to that in the neutral-pH region. The permeation of NaCl and nonionic fluorescent probes was hardly affected by the ambient pH. The nylon capsule membrane was elucidated to have an asymmetrical structure: the dense-thin inner layer and the porous-thick outer part. The pH-sensitive permeation could be explained due to the ionization of a small amount of residual end-groups (COOH and NH2) existing in the dense-thin inner layer of the nylon capsule membrane.

Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240105

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10

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Cationic polymerization of p-methylstyrene initiated by acetyl perchlorate: An approach to living polymerization (1986)

Tanizaki, Akio ; Sawamoto, Mitsuo ; Higashimura, Toshinobu

Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry 24 (1986), S. 87-96

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ISSN: 0887-624X

Schlagwort(e): Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science

Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Thema: Chemie und Pharmazie

Notizen: The cationic polymerization of p-methylstyrene initiated by acetyl perchlorate at -78°C led to long-lived (living-like) polymers with a narrow molecular weight distribution (M̄w/M̄n = 1.1-1.4) in methylene chloride containing a common ion salt (n-Bu4NClO4) or in a less polar solvent (CH2Cl2/toluene, 1/4v/v). Under these conditions, the number-average molecular weight (M̄n) of the polymers increased in proportion to monomer conversion and was regulated by the monomer-to-initiator ratio. When fresh feeds of the monomer were repeatedly added to a completely polymerized solution, the polymerization ensued at the same rate as before and the linear increase in M̄n with monomer conversion continued. The effects of solvent polarity and the common ion salt on the polymerization showed the suppression of the ionic dissociation of the propagating species, resulting in a “nondissociated species,” to be the key factor for the formation of the long-lived polymers.

Zusätzliches Material: 9 Ill.

Materialart: Digitale Medien

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pola.1986.080240107

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