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  • ASTROPHYSICS  (4,662)
  • 1985-1989  (4,662)
  • 1
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    Binary models for the progenitor of SN 1987A (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Binary models are used to examine the possibility that the progenitor of SN 1987 is a component of a binary system. Certain ranges of parameter space in which binary evolution produces progenitors that are applicable to models of SN 1987A are considered. The proposed binary models are capable of making definite predictions that can be checked against observations.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: ; : Visual information
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  • 2
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    Gamma ray astrophysics to the year 2000. Report of the NASA Gamma Ray Program Working Group (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Important developments in gamma-ray astrophysics up to energies of 100 GeV during the last decade are reviewed. Also, the report seeks to define the major current scientific goals of the field and proposes a vigorous program to pursue them, extending to the year 2000. The goals of gamma-ray astronomy include the study of gamma rays which provide the most direct means of studying many important problems in high energy astrophysics including explosive nucleosynthesis, accelerated particle interactions and sources, and high-energy processes around compact objects. The current research program in gamma-ray astronomy in the U.S. including the space program, balloon program and foreign programs in gamma-ray astronomy is described. The high priority recommendations for future study include an Explorer-class high resolution gamma-ray spectroscopy mission and a Get Away Special cannister (GAS-can) or Scout class multiwavelength experiment for the study of gamma-ray bursts. Continuing programs include an extended Gamma Ray Observatory mission, continuation of the vigorous program of balloon observations of the nearby Supernova 1987A, augmentation of the balloon program to provide for new instruments and rapid scientific results, and continuation of support for theoretical research. Long term recommendations include new space missions using advanced detectors to better study gamma-ray sources, the development of these detectors, continued study for the assembly of large detectors in space, collaboration with the gamma-ray astronomy missions initiated by other countries, and consideration of the Space Station attached payloads for gamma-ray experiments.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-TM-107995 , NAS 1.15:107995
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  • 3
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    The composition of comets (1989)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The present discussion of recent studies concerning cometary composition gives attention to the results obtained by in situ measurements of Comet Halley's dust composition by Vega 1's impact mass spectrometer, which discovered a mineral fraction that appears to be CI chondritic, as well as an organic fraction consisting of highly unsaturated hydrocarbons. The mineral fraction of comets appears to form a core that is embedded in essentially organic material; the spectroscopic invisibility of carbon is due to its presence in the cometary dust. The mass of most dust particles is found to be in the 10 to the -12th to 10 to the -14th g range. A considerable fraction of the dust grains serves as an extended source of gas in the inner coma.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 4
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    Comet Halley: The view from Pioneer Venus (1989)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The plans to scan Halley's Comet at close range using the Pioneer Venus Orbiter are discussed. The composition of comets, their paths through space, and the history of comet encounters are examined. An ultraviolet spectrometer aboard the spacecraft will determine the composition of the gaseous coma and will measure the total gas production during its passage. The Pioneer Venus Orbiter will observe the comet for five weeks before solar interference with communications occurs as Venus passes on the far side of the Sun from Earth. Diagrams of the solar system and the relationship of the comet to the planets and the Sun are provided.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-NF-127 , NAS 1.20:127
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  • 5
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    Gravitational lensing in a cold dark matter universe (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Gravitational lensing due to mass condensations in a biased cold dark matter (CDM) universe is investigated using the Press-Schechter (1974) theory with density fluctuation amplitudes taken from previous N-body work. Under the critical assumption that CDM haloes have small core radii, a distribution of image angular separations for high-z lensed quasars with a peak at about 1 arcsec and a half-width of a factor of about 10. Allowing for selection effects at small angular separations, this is in good agreement with the observed separations. The estimated frequency of lensing is somewhat lower than that observed, but the discrepancy can be removed by invoking amplification bias and by making a small upward adjustment to the density fluctuation amplitudes assumed in the CDM model.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Royal Astronomical Society, Monthly Notices (ISSN 0035-8711); 231; 97p-103p
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  • 6
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    Astrophysics (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The instrumentation, accomplishments and future activities in space astrophysics observations are explored. The Solrad, Orbiting Solar Observatory, Solar Maximum Mission, Orbiting Astronomical Observatory, Extreme Ultraviolet Explorer, Uhuru, HEAO-2, IRAS and ESA SAS spacecraft missions and data are summarized. Observations which identified the black hole in Cygnus-1 are described and known gravity-controlled phenomena in the universe are reviewed. Observations at different electromagnetic wavelengths and by particle detectors are outlined, and proposed gravity wave and neutrino detectors are discussed. The implications of the angular, spectral and temporal resolution, polarization, spectral range and observational limits of the instrumentation and data are considered. Current topics of interest in studies of the cosmic background radiation, distance scales, quasars and pulsars, star formation, and coronal heating are outlined. Finally, the design features and observational goals of the NASA Great Observatories space platforms are described.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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  • 7
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    Ultraviolet and infrared observations of stars with 'quenched' chromospheres and the nature of mass loss (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Previous observational evidence implies that the presence of Ca II emission, a chromospheric indicator, is correlated with the gas/dust ratio in the envelopes of red giant and supergiant stars. An attempt is made to determine whether this correlation can be generalized to all chromospheric activity indicators and the gas/dust ratio. New ultraviolet observations address the strength of UV emission features and the fraction of the total chromospheric flux emitted in various lines. Evidence is found that chromospheres are not completely quenched in the presence of dust, but that significant alteration of relative radiative loss patterns may occur. These observations are interpreted in terms of an instability that converts warm, chromospheric gas into near-surface dust grains and cool gas capable of supporting molecular masing. This supports the dust-driven mass loss scenario for red giant winds.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: Astrophysical Journal, Part 1 (ISSN 0004-637X); 308; 859-867
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  • 8
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    Review of results on Halley's comet (1987)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: Since its recovery in 1982, Comet Halley has been the focus of an unparalleled global scientific effort of exploration. Remote and in situ measurements were conducted from the ground, from earth orbit, from Venus orbit, from interplanetary space, and from the comet itself. Many discoveries, such as the presence of an unexpectedly large and dark nucleus or the abundance of organic material, have led to major changes in the ideas about the general nature of comets. In this report, results of various studies are summarized.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: European Regional Astronomy Meeting of the IAU; Aug 24, 1987 - Aug 29, 1987; Prague; Czechoslovakia
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  • 9
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    The M-type stars (1987)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: The papers in this volume cover the following topics: (1) basic properties and photometric variability of M and related stars; (2) spectroscopy and nonthermal processes; (3) circumstellar radio molecular lines; (4) circumstellar shells, the formation of grains, and radiation transfer; (5) mass loss; (6) circumstellar chemistry; (7) thermal atmospheric models; (8) quasi-thermal models; (9) observations on the atmospheres of M dwarfs; and (1) theoretical work on M dwarfs.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
    Type: NASA-SP-492 , NAS 1.21:492 , LC-87-11340
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  • 10
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    Primordial nucleosynthesis with generic particles (1986)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-08-28
    Description: A revision of the standard model for Big Bang nucleosynthesis is discussed which allows for the presence of generic particle species. The primordial production of He-4 and D + He-3 is calculated as a function of the mass, spin degrees of freedom, and spin statistics of the generic particle for masses in the range 0.01-100 times the electron mass. The particular case of the Gelmini and Roncadelli majoron model for massive neutrinos is discussed.
    Keywords: ASTROPHYSICS
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