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  • 1990-1994  (1,575,040)
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  • 1
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    Unknown
    Selbstverlag Fachbereich Geowissenschaften, FU Berlin
    In:  Herausgeberexemplar
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Description: In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden Untersuchungen zur Verteilung des elektrischen Widerstandes in den südlichen zentralen Anden vorgestellt. Gestützt auf eine breite Datenbasis konnten mit Hilfe von ein- und überwiegend zweidimensionalen Modellierungen für Daten der Magnetotellurik und der Erdmagnetischen Tiefensondierung Modelle zur Verteilung des elektrischen Widerstandes in der andinen Kruste erstellt werden. Sie erlauben qualitative und quantitative Aussagen zur elektrischen Struktur in der Kruste. Im Andensegment von 21° bis 25° S wurden für einzelne Meßpunkte und für fünf mehrere 100 km lange Profile aus Nord-Chile, Süd-Bolivien und Nordwest-Argentinien Leitfähigkeitsmodelle erarbeitet. Elektromagnetische Untersuchnungen werden an einem aktiven Kontinentalrand durch den ’Küsteneffekt’ stark erschwert. Um den Küsteneffekt zu berücksichtigen, wurde der Pazifische Ozean bei einem zweidimensionalen Modell für ein Profil von der Küste bis in die Hochkordillere als ’Randbedingung’ mitmodelliert. Aus drei zweidimensional modellierten W-E-Profilen konnte ein alle morphostrukturellen Einheiten der Anden querendes Gesamtmodell auf der Breite von ca. 21°30’ S abgeleitet werden. Folgende Hauptmerkmale werden im Modell von W nach E beobachtet: • Unterhalb der Küstenkordillere ist der Widerstand mit größer als 3000 ihn relativ hoch. In diesem Bereich wird aber parallel zur Streichrichtung ein guter Leiter in der oberen Kruste gefunden, der lamelliert vorliegen muß. • Der Widerstand der ’normalen’ andinen Kruste ist bis in große Tiefen mit Werten von 50 bis 200 Ωm relativ gering. • Eine große Leitfähigkeitsanomalie liegt unterhalb der Westkordillere in geringer Tiefe. Sie erreicht eine integrierte Leitfähigkeit von ca. 25000 S. • Eine weitere Leitfähigkeitsanomalie mit einer integrierten Leitfähigkeit von ca. 14000 S wird unterhalb des Altiplano in der unteren Kruste beobachtet. Sie steigt von W nach E in die obere Kruste auf, und die integrierte Leitfähigkeit nimmt im westlichen Teil der Ostkordillere deutlich zu. Die Anomalie endet abrupt östlich von La Quiaca (ca. 65°30’ W). Im Ostteil der Ostkordillere wird ein relativ hoher Widerstand (ca. 500 Ωm) von der Oberfläche bis in große Tiefen beobachtet. • Das Vorland der Anden ist durch eine gut leitende Bedeckung charakterisiert. Der Widerstand der Lithosphäre nimmt von W nach E auf mehr als 3000 Ωm zu. Als Ursache der erhöhten elektrischen Leitfähigkeit werden für den guten Leiter unter der Küstenkordillere Kluftsysteme angesehen, in denen das in der subduzierten Platte vorhandene freie Wasser aufsteigt. Der extrem gute Leiter unter der Westkordillere kann im Einklang mit seismischen und gravimetrischen Untersuchungen als partiell geschmolzene Kruste interpretiert werden. Die Leitfähigkeitsanomalie unterhalb des Altiplano und der westlichen Ostkordillere könnte hingegen teilweise durch massive Vererzungen aber auch durch tektonische Ursachen begründet sein, wie z.B. tiefreichende Auf- und Abschiebungshorizonte, in denen Fluide vorhanden sind.
    Description: The purpose of the present work is the research regarding the distribution of the electrical resistivity in the southern part of Central Andes. Supported by a considerable database and with the aid of one- and two-dimensional modelling tools developed for magnetotelurics and deep geomagnetical sounding, several models of the distribution of the electrical resistivity in the Andean crust were developed. They allow qualitative and quantitative insights related to the electrical structure within it. In the Andean segment between 21° and 25° S, several isolated measure stations and five regional profiles each of several 100 km length were processed to establish conductivity models for northern Chile, southern Bolivia and northwestern Argentina. Within this research work the ’coast effect’ at an active plate margin has to be taken into account and for this purpose, the Pacific Ocean was included as a boundary condition in a 2D model extending from the Pacific up to the High Andes. Based on three 2D modelled E-W oriented profiles, a greater model could be derived that involves all the present morphostructural units at a latitude of 21° 30’ S. These models showed mainly that: • below the Coastal Cordillera, the resistivity ranging within 3000 Ωm is comparatively high. Nevertheless, in this region a strike-parallel oriented conductor in the upper crust could be identified, which has to be lamellated. • down to great depths the resistivity of the ’normal’ Andean crust is relatively small, having values of 50 to 200 Ωm. • beneath the Western Cordillera, a shallow conductivity anomaly reaches total conductance of about 25000 S. • another conductivity anomaly with a total conductance of ca. 14000 S has been identified in the lower crust below the Altiplano. This anomaly reaches shallower levels to the east, and in the western part of the Eastern Cordillera, the total conductance increases. Eastwards of La Quiaca (ca. 65° 30’ W) the anomaly terminates abruptly. In the eastern part of the Eastern Cordillera a relatively high resistivity from the surface down to great depths was observed. • the Andean foreland shows a cover with good conductivity values. Beneath, the resistivity increases downward up to more than 3000 ßm from W to E. As a cause of the increased conductivity beneath the Coastal Cordillera, joint systems could account for the uprise of free water generated during the subduction of the Nazca plate. The extremely good conductor below the Western Cordillera can be interpreted together with gravity and seismic evidences as a partial melted crust. Besides, the conductivity anomaly beneath the Altiplano and the western Eastern Cordillera can be explained partly through the existence of ore deposits but also in terms of thrust tectonics, where the detachment zones are characterized by the presence of fluids.
    Description: thesis
    Description: DFG, SUB Göttingen
    Keywords: ddc:550 ; Geophysik ; Magnetotellurik ; Geomagnetismus
    Language: German
    Type: doc-type:book
    Format: 102
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  • 2
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    Unknown
    In:  Cahiers du Centre Européen de Géodynamique et de Séismologie ; 7
    Publication Date: 2024-05-03
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/book
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Broecker, Wallace S; Klas, Mieczyslawa; Clark, Elizabeth; Bonani, Georges; Ivy, Susan; Wolfli, Willy (1991): The influence of CaCO3 dissolution on core top radiocarbon ages for deep-sea sediments. Paleoceanography, 6(5), 593-608, https://doi.org/10.1029/91PA01768
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: Radiocarbon ages on CaCO3 from deep-sea cores offer constraints on the nature of the CaCO3 dissolution process. The idea is that the toll taken by dissolution on grains within the core top bioturbation zone should be in proportion to their time of residence in this zone. If so, dissolution would shift the mass distribution in favor of younger grains, thereby reducing the mean radiocarbon age for the grain ensemble. We have searched in vain for evidence supporting the existence of such an age reduction. Instead, we find that for water depths of more than 4 km in the tropical Pacific the radiocarbon age increases with the extent of dissolution. We can find no satisfactory steady state explanation and are forced to conclude that this increase must be the result of chemical erosion. The idea is that during the Holocene the rate of dissolution of CaCO3 has exceeded the rain rate of CaCO3. In this circumstance, bioturbation exhumes CaCO3 from the underlying glacial sediment and mixes it with CaCO3 raining from the sea surface.
    Keywords: A150/180; A180-74; Age, 14C conventional; Age, dated; also published as VM28-122; Amerasian Basin; ARK-III/3; Atlantic Ocean; BC; Box corer; Calculated; CEPAG; CH182-36; CH73-013; CH7X; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Eastern Equatorial Pacific; Elevation of event; EN06601; EN066-21GGC; EN066-24PG; EN066-29GGC; EN066-32GGC; EN066-34PG; EN066-39GGC; EN066-45PG; EN066-47PG; EN066-51PG; Endeavor; ERDC; ERDC-077BX; ERDC-079BX; ERDC-083BX; ERDC-092BX; ERDC-108BX; ERDC-112BX; ERDC-120BX; ERDC-123BX; ERDC-125BX; ERDC-128BX; ERDC-129BX; ERDC-131BX; ERDC-135BX; ERDC-136BX; ERDC-139BX; ERDC-141BX; Event label; FA-527-3; FL-124; Fram Strait; GC; Giant box corer; GIK21295-4 PS07/586; GKG; Gravity corer; INMD; INMD-097BX; INMD-101BX; INMD-104BX; INMD-109BX; INMD-110BX; INMD-111BX; INMD-113BX; INMD-115BX; Jean Charcot; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; Latitude of event; LDEO; Le Suroît; Longitude of event; Melville; North Atlantic; PC; Piston corer; PLDS-066BX; PLDS-068BX; PLDS-070BX; PLDS-072BX; PLDS-074BX; PLDS-077BX; PLDS-079BX; PLDS-081BX; PLDS-083BX; PLDS-085BX; PLDS-089BX; PLDS-090BX; PLDS-092BX; PLDS-107BX; PLDS-3; Pleiades; Polarstern; PS07; PS1295-4; Quaternary Environment of the Eurasian North; QUEEN; RC13; RC13-189; RC24; RC24-1; RC24-7; Reference/source; Robert Conrad; Sampling/drilling ice; Sedimentation rate; SU81-14; SU81-18; T-3; Thomas G. Thompson (1964); Thomas Washington; TR163-31; TT154-10; TT154-5; TTXXX; V19; V19-188; V23; V23-81; V25; V25-56; V28; V28-122; V28-238; V30; V30-40; V30-41; V30-51; V32; V32-8; V33/4-14; V33-88; V35; V35-5; Vema
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 219 data points
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  • 4
    facet.materialart.
    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Rea, David K; Pisias, Nicklas G; Newberry, T (1991): Late Pleistocene paleoclimatology of the central equatorial Pacific: flux patterns of biogenic sediments. Paleoceanography, 6(2), 227-244, https://doi.org/10.1029/90PA02542
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Description: High-resolution records of the concentration and mass accumulation rate (MAR, or flux) of biogenic sediments from core RC11-210 in the central equatorial Pacific are compared for the entire late Pleistocene. The fluxes of calcium carbonate and organic carbon correlate well. The opal flux pattern shows no direct correlation with the other two; rather, opal flux maxima correlate with slopes of (i.e. both precede and follow) the organic carbon and carbonate MAR peaks. Organic carbon and calcite therefore may both be better indicators of past productivity than opal, which is an indicator of transition at this location. We interpret the sequence low biogenic fluxes, high opal fluxes, high carbonate, carbon, and opal fluxes as representing the transition from low to high sea surface biological productivity. The phase relationships for eccentricity of the biogenic sedimentation records were compared to those of other climatic indications including the oxygen isotope record of ice volume, the ice core CO2 record, the Pacific delta13C record, the deep nutrient (Cd/Ca) record, and the eolian grain-size record of wind intensity. We find that starting from maximum ice volume (phase angle of 0°) the phase relationships of the 100,000-year periodicity show, in the first quadrant, maximum wind intensity (30°) and maximum calcite and carbon flux (45°) occurring first, followed by maximum opal flux (75°) and then maximum deep nutrients (95°). Minimum Pacific delta13C occurs at a phase angle of 155°, the maximum CO2 in the Vostok record and minimum ice volume is at 180°. Thus, in the eccentricity climate cycle, glacial conditions lead to stronger wind-driven circulation which enhances productivity which in turn results in enhanced oceanic and atmospheric carbon dioxide and minimum ice volume.
    Keywords: Accumulation rate, calcium carbonate; Accumulation rate, opal; Accumulation rate, total organic carbon; AGE; Calcium carbonate; Calculated; Carbon, organic, total; Density, dry bulk; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; LDEO; Opal, biogenic silica; Opal, extraktion (DeMaster & Cochran, 1982); PC; Piston corer; RC11; RC1112; RC11-210; Robert Conrad; Sedimentation rate
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1392 data points
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Keywords: DEPTH, sediment/rock; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; LDEO; PC; Piston corer; RC13; RC13-229; Robert Conrad; Uvigerina sp., δ13C; Uvigerina sp., δ18O
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 388 data points
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Keywords: 85-572C; AGE; Calcium carbonate; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Glomar Challenger; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; LDEO; Leg85; North Pacific
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 568 data points
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Keywords: 85-572A; AGE; Calcium carbonate; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Glomar Challenger; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; LDEO; Leg85; North Pacific
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 22 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Keywords: 85-574; AGE; Calcium carbonate; DEPTH, sediment/rock; DRILL; Drilling/drill rig; Glomar Challenger; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; LDEO; Leg85; North Pacific/TROUGH
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 128 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Keywords: Age model; Age model, Martinson et al (1987); DEPTH, sediment/rock; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; LDEO; PC; Piston corer; V28; V28-127; Vema
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 14 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2024-05-02
    Keywords: AGE; Calcium carbonate; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University; LDEO; PC; Piston corer; RC11; RC1112; RC11-209; Robert Conrad
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 153 data points
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