ALBERT

Beschreibung: This research is deemed of importance in the solution of one of the main complex problems in geological map production, the transfer from the 1:25.000 geologic data base, that has a resolution corresponding to that at which data are gathered in the field, to the printing of 1:50.000 geological maps. The problems relate mainly to the greater detail of information contained in the database and the smaller printing scale. They can be classified into the design of a geological database scheme that allows the generalization process based on the rules relating the geological objects to one another, symbol overcrowding, and symbol overlapping. The challenge is to specify and implement a digital version of the decision rules used by geologists and cartographers to generate the final map. Often in practice these rules tend to be highly ambiguous, subjective, and inadequate in view of the modern need of automated generalization of geological information for land-use planning. The proposed system is based on the application of conventional and artificial intelligence computer techniques to the production of digital geological cartography, from the gathering of geologic data in the field to some printed product of wide usability. The objectives can be summarised as follows: 1A support system for the iterative identification and characterization of geological objects based on an ad hoc geological and stratigraphic dictionary; 2The identification and implementation of a hierarchical geological database schema for the automated reclassification or generalization of a geological database; 3A hierarchical expert system for the automated revision and multiple representation of a geological database in view of new interpretation criteria of the geological information or for the production of maps on demand; 4A system for avoiding symbol overcrowding or overlapping during the production of a geological map, which identifies the geological rules interacting between the geological objects represented in a map.

Beschreibung: The Open University Milton Keynes, UK

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: 5.4. TTC - Sistema Informativo Territoriale

Beschreibung: open

Beschreibung: Le littoral étudié est situé sur la frange méridionale de la côte ouest-africaine, localisé dans le golfe du Bénin enire le cap des Trois Pointes et la façade ouest du delta du Niger. 11 s'étend sur 500 km de long et mesure 1 à 25 km de largeur. L!étude porte sur la géomorphologie, l'évolution et la morphodynamiqiue actuelle de deux ensembles distincts: un littoral formé de delta lagunaire, peu complexe avec un front deltaïque caractérisé par une série de flèches sableuses accolées; de cordons associés a un système lagunaire et un littoral ocheux marqué par des falaises taillées dans les roches cristallines et sédimentaires et entrecoupé par des estuaires à lagunes, des baies abritées où se développe une végétation de palétuviers. Le relief est raccordé à un plateàu continental étroit, profond où les conditions hydrodynamiques sont de régime d'énergie modérée à élevée.

Beschreibung: Ministère de l'économie et des Finances

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Pêche artisanale, pêche industrielle,pêche maritime,pêche sardinière, produits halieutiques,Transformation,

Beschreibung: pêcherie; gestion des ressources; cymbium; poulpe; crevette

Beschreibung: Fondée sur l'intégration des principes et démarqhes des sciences de l'information et de la communication avec ceux du marketing social et relationnel, la stratégie de communicaton du Programme Girmac se décline sous la forme d'une vision globale, des objectifs généraux, des cibles ainsi que des activités et outils spécifiques de communication

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Girmac. strategie de communication

Beschreibung: During the Quaternary the volume of the world’s oceans fluctuated, with sea level falls as the water has been incorporated into polar and high latitude ice sheets, and sea level rise as these have subsequently melted. Sea-level lowstands were therefore related to the Pleistocene glaciations, while high-stands correlate with interglacials. In general the climate variations in Africa shows a simple relation: Cold or cool climates are associated with dry episodes and warm climates are associated with wet episodes. This applies to the major Milankovich driven glacials and interglacials, as well as to short-lived intervals related to sun spot activities. The reconstruction of palaeoshorelines in the Maputo Bay, and the climate around the Maputo Bay is based on bathymetric maps. At about 18,000 yr BP (-130 meters sea level) the Maputo Bay was located in an inland position. As the sea level rose to about 20 m below present around 9000 - 10000 years BP, a barrier island complex developed in the northern coast, which is well defined by 20 m contour palaeoshoreline. The Maputo Bay is only formed around 8000 – 9000 years BP (when the sea level was 10 to 12 m below the present, and it was a long lasting still stand sea level. A huge island was protecting the bay from the sea. Tidal inlet and its associated ebb delta were separating the island from the peninsula in the south and were connecting the lagoon into the sea. The complete picture of Maputo Bay patterns with its modern sedimentary environments including Inhaca Island may have evolved when the sea level has stood close to its present level around 7000 – 5000 years BP, after which the Maputo Bay became more or less stable. Coral reefs may have also developed during this period. Submarine modifications of the topography during and after the sea-level rise make it difficult to make safe interpretations of the coastal palaeomorphology. However, we believe that many of the present major submarine bottom forms, which are seen on the maps today, are related to coastal processes during the sea-level rise, and were preserved when they were flooded during the Holocene transgression.

Beschreibung: The exploitation status of cardinalfish (Epigonus crassicaudus) yielded in Chile between 33° to 41°S was analyzed. An indirect assessment was performed between 1997 and 2003 through size-structured model with a transition matrix defining the changes among sizes. The model was calibrated using size structures, official landings, catch-per-unit of effort (CPUE) taken from commercial fishing logbooks and standardized by generalized linear models (GLM). After 7 years of an intense fishery activity, we concluded that the cardinalfish resource in Chile is on the recruitment overfishing limit. On 2003, the spawning biomass with respect to the virginal spawning biomass is close to 40%. The biological references points (BRP) based on spawning per recruit biomass (SPR) support this assesment because the fishing mortality level on 2003 (Fact) was very close to fishing mortality level of 40% of SRP at virginal value (F40%).

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: Besugo, Cardinalfish

Beschreibung: Se realizaron mediciones radiométricas en las formaciones Jordán (Pérmico superior?), Guatapurí (Triásico?), Girón (Triásico-Jurásico), Ranchogrande (problemente Triásico-Jurásico) y Morrocoyal (Jurásico inferior) en el NE de Colombia. Los valores más altos obtenidos (impulsos y por minuto) provienen de las lulitas de la formación Girón. En la región de Bucaramanga (Depto. De Santander), los red beds de las Formaciones Jordán y Girón muestran valores radiométricos bien diferenciados. Se discute la utilidad de las mediciones radiométricas como medio de diferenciación estratigráfica o de facies.

Beschreibung: Background measurements of gamma radiation were made on the Jordán (Upper Permian?) Guatapurí (Triassic?), Giron (Triassic-Jurassic) Ranchogrande (Triassic-Jurassic?) and Morrocoyal (Lower Jurassic). Formations in Northeastern Colombia. The lutites of the Girón Formation produce the highest values (impulses y per minute). In the region of Bucaramanga (Department of Santander), the redbeds of the Jordán and Girón Formations give quite different radiometric values. The usefulness of radiometric measurements as a means of differentiating stratigraphic units and facies changes is discussed.

Beschreibung: Published

Beschreibung: This document, which is directed at the fishing sector, researchers, conservationists and fishery administrators, was developed by researchers who are members of the Specialists Group for Marine Turtle Research and conservation in the Southwestern Atlantic Ocean (SWA) in response to the urgent need to evaluate the impact generated on sea turtles by fisheries. Historically, sea turtle conservation efforts have focused almost exclusively on the protection of nesting beaches. Nevertheless, over the last decade, research has proved incidental mortality as a result of fishing activities to be one of the greatest threats to these animals. This type of interaction is not only problematic for turtles, but also generates financial losses for fishermen and businesses. In spite of the efforts that are currently underway, researchers still do not have a detailed understanding of the impact that bycatch produces on sea turtle populations in the SWA. We have a long way to go before its effects can be minimized. Further research is needed regarding the biology and ecology of the various turtle species as well as the effective application of mitigation measures. The life cycles of sea turtles are long and complex. Turtles occupy various ecosystems (nesting beaches, coastal, neritic and oceanic zones, as well as pelagic and demersal areas) throughout their lifetimes, transcending various Exclusive Economic Zones and International Waters. The five species that inhabit the SWA region perform vast feeding and reproductive migrations, traveling through areas where many different fishing fleets operate. Therefore, sea turtles in the SWA interact with virtually all fisheries. These circumstances make it necessary to carry out biological, fishing related and conservation studies on a regional level. The efficiency of the existing international and national legal instruments has yet to be determined, in terms of their effectiveness in protecting sea turtles. In some cases, legislation that is specifically related to the interaction between fisheries and turtles does exist, such as those laws requiring the mandatory use of turtle excluding devices (TEDs). There are also explicit bans on sea turtle capture. Nevertheless, none of these regulations prevent sea turtle bycatch. Although some regional legal instruments are needed, these and the existing legislation will only be effective if they are accompanied by a broader range of permanent education and control measures, to achieve the commitment of all the parties involved. The ecosystem approach is gaining popularity among fishery administration organizations. Research and conservation efforts should also be moving in that direction. A regional and international effort is required in order to compile information regarding the bycatch produced by the various types of fisheries and fleets operating in the area. The enormous increase in fishing pressure that these fleets are exerting in this area has not been accompanied by an increase in information regarding the bycatch of species that have no commercial value. Pelagic longlining is one of the fishing methods, which must be most closely monitored, due to the high levels of bycatch that it produces, as well its ample distribution throughout the region, and the high level of fishing effort that it accounts for. Coastal trawlers and gillnetters must also be considered critical players, because they too produce a large rate of bycatch. These are the three types of fisheries that are most broadly distributed throughout the region, accounting for the majority of the fishing effort. Most of the institutions that work toward sea turtle conservation in the area have only begun to address the issue of bycatch over the last decade. This timeframe is reflected in the scope and quantity of the available publications, as well as the progress of activities directed at mitigating this problem. All of the institutions that have been mentioned in this report have made the gathering of information regarding interaction between sea turtles and fisheries one of their top priorities. Some institutions are even developing working programs for monitoring fisheries and testing mitigation measures. Many of these institutions have managed to develop adequate relationships with fishermen, ship owners and administrators. Nevertheless, limited access to funding is an obstacle to the development and testing of mitigation measures. The SWA network, which is a very valuable instrument that was created in 2003, has allowed the region’s institutions and researchers to exchange information and share their experience, in addition to lending each other support in carrying out joint activities, thus strengthening sea turtle conservation efforts. The capacity demonstrated so far by the region’s researchers and institutions, testifies to their ability to continue to make progress in knowledge generation and tests of bycatch mitigation measures.

Beschreibung: Published