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  • 1
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    Coots use hatch order to learn to recognize and reject conspecific brood parasitic chicks (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-18
    Description: Avian brood parasites and their hosts provide model systems for investigating links between recognition, learning, and their fitness consequences. One major evolutionary puzzle has continued to capture the attention of naturalists for centuries: why do hosts of brood parasites generally fail to recognize parasitic offspring after they have hatched from the egg, even when the host and parasitic chicks differ to almost comic degrees? One prominent theory to explain this pattern proposes that the costs of mistakenly learning to recognize the wrong offspring make recognition maladaptive. Here we show that American coots, Fulica americana, can recognize and reject parasitic chicks in their brood by using learned cues, despite the fact that the hosts and the brood parasites are of the same species. A series of chick cross-fostering experiments confirm that coots use first-hatched chicks in a brood as referents to learn to recognize their own chicks and then discriminate against later-hatched parasitic chicks in the same brood. When experimentally provided with the wrong reference chicks, coots can be induced to discriminate against their own offspring, confirming that the learning errors proposed by theory can exist. However, learning based on hatching order is reliable in naturally parasitized coot nests because host eggs hatch predictably ahead of parasite eggs. Conversely, a lack of reliable information may help to explain why the evolution of chick recognition is not more common in hosts of most interspecific brood parasites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shizuka, Daizaburo -- Lyon, Bruce E -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 14;463(7278):223-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08655. Epub 2009 Dec 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, USA. shizuka@biology.ucsc.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20016486" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Birds/*parasitology/*physiology ; British Columbia ; Cues ; Discrimination Learning/*physiology ; Feeding Behavior/physiology ; Genetic Fitness ; Nesting Behavior/*physiology ; Ovum/growth & development ; Pattern Recognition, Visual/physiology ; Survival Rate ; Time Factors ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
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    Reprogramming towards pluripotency requires AID-dependent DNA demethylation (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-23
    Description: Reprogramming of somatic cell nuclei to yield induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells makes possible derivation of patient-specific stem cells for regenerative medicine. However, iPS cell generation is asynchronous and slow (2-3 weeks), the frequency is low (〈0.1%), and DNA demethylation constitutes a bottleneck. To determine regulatory mechanisms involved in reprogramming, we generated interspecies heterokaryons (fused mouse embryonic stem (ES) cells and human fibroblasts) that induce reprogramming synchronously, frequently and fast. Here we show that reprogramming towards pluripotency in single heterokaryons is initiated without cell division or DNA replication, rapidly (1 day) and efficiently (70%). Short interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated knockdown showed that activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID, also known as AICDA) is required for promoter demethylation and induction of OCT4 (also known as POU5F1) and NANOG gene expression. AID protein bound silent methylated OCT4 and NANOG promoters in fibroblasts, but not active demethylated promoters in ES cells. These data provide new evidence that mammalian AID is required for active DNA demethylation and initiation of nuclear reprogramming towards pluripotency in human somatic cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906123/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2906123/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bhutani, Nidhi -- Brady, Jennifer J -- Damian, Mara -- Sacco, Alessandra -- Corbel, Stephane Y -- Blau, Helen M -- AG009521/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG024987/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AI007328/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG009521/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG009521-25/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG024987/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG024987-05/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- T32 AI007328/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U01 HL100397/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Feb 25;463(7284):1042-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08752.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Baxter Laboratory for Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94305-5175, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20027182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Division ; Cell Fusion ; Cell Line ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Reprogramming/genetics/*physiology ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Cytidine Deaminase/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; DNA/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; *DNA Methylation ; DNA Replication ; Embryonic Stem Cells/cytology/metabolism ; Fibroblasts/cytology/metabolism ; Gene Expression Regulation ; Gene Knockdown Techniques ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics ; Humans ; Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells/*cytology/enzymology/*metabolism ; Lung/cytology/embryology ; Mice ; Models, Biological ; Octamer Transcription Factor-3/genetics ; Promoter Regions, Genetic/genetics ; Time Factors
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    The sequence and de novo assembly of the giant panda genome (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: Using next-generation sequencing technology alone, we have successfully generated and assembled a draft sequence of the giant panda genome. The assembled contigs (2.25 gigabases (Gb)) cover approximately 94% of the whole genome, and the remaining gaps (0.05 Gb) seem to contain carnivore-specific repeats and tandem repeats. Comparisons with the dog and human showed that the panda genome has a lower divergence rate. The assessment of panda genes potentially underlying some of its unique traits indicated that its bamboo diet might be more dependent on its gut microbiome than its own genetic composition. We also identified more than 2.7 million heterozygous single nucleotide polymorphisms in the diploid genome. Our data and analyses provide a foundation for promoting mammalian genetic research, and demonstrate the feasibility for using next-generation sequencing technologies for accurate, cost-effective and rapid de novo assembly of large eukaryotic genomes.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951497/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3951497/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Li, Ruiqiang -- Fan, Wei -- Tian, Geng -- Zhu, Hongmei -- He, Lin -- Cai, Jing -- Huang, Quanfei -- Cai, Qingle -- Li, Bo -- Bai, Yinqi -- Zhang, Zhihe -- Zhang, Yaping -- Wang, Wen -- Li, Jun -- Wei, Fuwen -- Li, Heng -- Jian, Min -- Li, Jianwen -- Zhang, Zhaolei -- Nielsen, Rasmus -- Li, Dawei -- Gu, Wanjun -- Yang, Zhentao -- Xuan, Zhaoling -- Ryder, Oliver A -- Leung, Frederick Chi-Ching -- Zhou, Yan -- Cao, Jianjun -- Sun, Xiao -- Fu, Yonggui -- Fang, Xiaodong -- Guo, Xiaosen -- Wang, Bo -- Hou, Rong -- Shen, Fujun -- Mu, Bo -- Ni, Peixiang -- Lin, Runmao -- Qian, Wubin -- Wang, Guodong -- Yu, Chang -- Nie, Wenhui -- Wang, Jinhuan -- Wu, Zhigang -- Liang, Huiqing -- Min, Jiumeng -- Wu, Qi -- Cheng, Shifeng -- Ruan, Jue -- Wang, Mingwei -- Shi, Zhongbin -- Wen, Ming -- Liu, Binghang -- Ren, Xiaoli -- Zheng, Huisong -- Dong, Dong -- Cook, Kathleen -- Shan, Gao -- Zhang, Hao -- Kosiol, Carolin -- Xie, Xueying -- Lu, Zuhong -- Zheng, Hancheng -- Li, Yingrui -- Steiner, Cynthia C -- Lam, Tommy Tsan-Yuk -- Lin, Siyuan -- Zhang, Qinghui -- Li, Guoqing -- Tian, Jing -- Gong, Timing -- Liu, Hongde -- Zhang, Dejin -- Fang, Lin -- Ye, Chen -- Zhang, Juanbin -- Hu, Wenbo -- Xu, Anlong -- Ren, Yuanyuan -- Zhang, Guojie -- Bruford, Michael W -- Li, Qibin -- Ma, Lijia -- Guo, Yiran -- An, Na -- Hu, Yujie -- Zheng, Yang -- Shi, Yongyong -- Li, Zhiqiang -- Liu, Qing -- Chen, Yanling -- Zhao, Jing -- Qu, Ning -- Zhao, Shancen -- Tian, Feng -- Wang, Xiaoling -- Wang, Haiyin -- Xu, Lizhi -- Liu, Xiao -- Vinar, Tomas -- Wang, Yajun -- Lam, Tak-Wah -- Yiu, Siu-Ming -- Liu, Shiping -- Zhang, Hemin -- Li, Desheng -- Huang, Yan -- Wang, Xia -- Yang, Guohua -- Jiang, Zhi -- Wang, Junyi -- Qin, Nan -- Li, Li -- Li, Jingxiang -- Bolund, Lars -- Kristiansen, Karsten -- Wong, Gane Ka-Shu -- Olson, Maynard -- Zhang, Xiuqing -- Li, Songgang -- Yang, Huanming -- Wang, Jian -- Wang, Jun -- R01 HG003229/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG003229-05/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 21;463(7279):311-7. doi: 10.1038/nature08696. Epub 2009 Dec 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen 518083, China.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010809" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Algorithms ; Animals ; China ; Conserved Sequence/genetics ; Contig Mapping ; Diet/veterinary ; Dogs ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Fertility/genetics/physiology ; Genome/*genetics ; *Genomics ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Multigene Family/genetics ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide/genetics ; Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled/genetics ; Sequence Alignment ; Sequence Analysis, DNA ; Synteny/genetics ; Ursidae/classification/*genetics/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
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    Phylogenies reveal new interpretation of speciation and the Red Queen (2009)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2009-12-17
    Description: The Red Queen describes a view of nature in which species continually evolve but do not become better adapted. It is one of the more distinctive metaphors of evolutionary biology, but no test of its claim that speciation occurs at a constant rate has ever been made against competing models that can predict virtually identical outcomes, nor has any mechanism been proposed that could cause the constant-rate phenomenon. Here we use 101 phylogenies of animal, plant and fungal taxa to test the constant-rate claim against four competing models. Phylogenetic branch lengths record the amount of time or evolutionary change between successive events of speciation. The models predict the distribution of these lengths by specifying how factors combine to bring about speciation, or by describing how rates of speciation vary throughout a tree. We find that the hypotheses that speciation follows the accumulation of many small events that act either multiplicatively or additively found support in 8% and none of the trees, respectively. A further 8% of trees hinted that the probability of speciation changes according to the amount of divergence from the ancestral species, and 6% suggested speciation rates vary among taxa. By comparison, 78% of the trees fit the simplest model in which new species emerge from single events, each rare but individually sufficient to cause speciation. This model predicts a constant rate of speciation, and provides a new interpretation of the Red Queen: the metaphor of species losing a race against a deteriorating environment is replaced by a view linking speciation to rare stochastic events that cause reproductive isolation. Attempts to understand species-radiations or why some groups have more or fewer species should look to the size of the catalogue of potential causes of speciation shared by a group of closely related organisms rather than to how those causes combine.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Venditti, Chris -- Meade, Andrew -- Pagel, Mark -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 21;463(7279):349-52. doi: 10.1038/nature08630. Epub 2009 Dec 9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉School of Biological Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6BX, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20010607" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological ; Animals ; *Genetic Speciation ; *Models, Biological ; *Phylogeny ; Selection, Genetic ; Stochastic Processes
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Darwin 200: Beneath the surface (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chouard, Tanguy -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 20;456(7220):300-3. doi: 10.1038/456300a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19020592" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; Computer Simulation ; Gene Regulatory Networks/genetics/physiology ; Genetic Engineering ; *Genetic Variation ; *Growth and Development/genetics/physiology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; *Models, Biological ; Sea Urchins/genetics/growth & development ; Trans-Activators/genetics/metabolism ; Yeasts/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Drug discovery: schistosome treatment (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-03-21
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Shadan, Sadaf -- England -- Nature. 2008 Mar 20;452(7185):296. doi: 10.1038/452296b.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18354470" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Anthelmintics/*pharmacology/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Antioxidants/metabolism ; Cell Line ; *Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Drug Resistance ; Humans ; Mice ; Oxadiazoles/*pharmacology/toxicity ; Praziquantel/pharmacology/therapeutic use/toxicity ; Schistosoma mansoni/drug effects/metabolism ; Schistosomiasis/*drug therapy/*parasitology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    The role of HLA-DQ8 beta57 polymorphism in the anti-gluten T-cell response in coeliac disease (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-11-28
    Description: Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II alleles HLA-DQ8 and the mouse homologue I-A(g7) lacking a canonical aspartic acid residue at position beta57 are associated with coeliac disease and type I diabetes. However, the role of this single polymorphism in disease initiation and progression remains poorly understood. The lack of Asp 57 creates a positively charged P9 pocket, which confers a preference for negatively charged peptides. Gluten lacks such peptides, but tissue transglutaminase (TG2) introduces negatively charged residues at defined positions into gluten T-cell epitopes by deamidating specific glutamine residues on the basis of their spacing to proline residues. The commonly accepted model, proposing that HLA-DQ8 simply favours binding of negatively charged peptides, does not take into account the fact that TG2 requires inflammation for activation and that T-cell responses against native gluten peptides are found, particularly in children. Here we show that beta57 polymorphism promotes the recruitment of T-cell receptors bearing a negative signature charge in the complementary determining region 3beta (CDR3beta) during the response against native gluten peptides presented by HLA-DQ8 in coeliac disease. These T cells showed a crossreactive and heteroclitic (stronger) response to deamidated gluten peptides. Furthermore, gluten peptide deamidation extended the T-cell-receptor repertoire by relieving the requirement for a charged residue in CDR3beta. Thus, the lack of a negative charge at position beta57 in MHC class II was met by negatively charged residues in the T-cell receptor or in the peptide, the combination of which might explain the role of HLA-DQ8 in amplifying the T-cell response against dietary gluten.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784325/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3784325/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hovhannisyan, Zaruhi -- Weiss, Angela -- Martin, Alexandra -- Wiesner, Martina -- Tollefsen, Stig -- Yoshida, Kenji -- Ciszewski, Cezary -- Curran, Shane A -- Murray, Joseph A -- David, Chella S -- Sollid, Ludvig M -- Koning, Frits -- Teyton, Luc -- Jabri, Bana -- DK42086/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK55037/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- DK67180/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK067180/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 DK067180-04/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 27;456(7221):534-8. doi: 10.1038/nature07524.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, Pathology, Pediatrics and Committee of Immunology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19037317" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amides/chemistry ; Animals ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes/*immunology ; Celiac Disease/*genetics/*immunology ; Complementarity Determining Regions/chemistry/immunology ; Cross Reactions ; Epitopes, T-Lymphocyte/chemistry/immunology ; Gliadin/chemistry/immunology ; Glutens/chemistry/*immunology ; HLA-DQ Antigens/chemistry/*genetics/immunology ; Humans ; Hybridomas/immunology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Polymorphism, Genetic/*genetics ; Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/chemistry/immunology ; Static Electricity
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Big data: The future of biocuration (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-05
    Description: 〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819144/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2819144/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Howe, Doug -- Costanzo, Maria -- Fey, Petra -- Gojobori, Takashi -- Hannick, Linda -- Hide, Winston -- Hill, David P -- Kania, Renate -- Schaeffer, Mary -- St Pierre, Susan -- Twigger, Simon -- White, Owen -- Rhee, Seung Yon -- P41 HG002659/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41 HG002659-07/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Sep 4;455(7209):47-50. doi: 10.1038/455047a.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉The Zebrafish Information Network, 5291 University of Oregon, Eugene, Oregon 97403-5291, USA. dhowe@cs.uoregon.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18769432" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Biological Science Disciplines/*methods/*trends ; Career Choice ; Computational Biology/education/methods/*trends ; Databases, Factual/*trends/utilization ; Education, Graduate ; Humans ; Information Storage and Retrieval/methods/*trends ; Internet/*trends/utilization ; Publishing/trends
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Magnetic resonance imaging of pH in vivo using hyperpolarized 13C-labelled bicarbonate (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-05-30
    Description: As alterations in tissue pH underlie many pathological processes, the capability to image tissue pH in the clinic could offer new ways of detecting disease and response to treatment. Dynamic nuclear polarization is an emerging technique for substantially increasing the sensitivity of magnetic resonance imaging experiments. Here we show that tissue pH can be imaged in vivo from the ratio of the signal intensities of hyperpolarized bicarbonate (H(13)CO(3)(-)) and (13)CO(2) following intravenous injection of hyperpolarized H(13)CO(3)(-). The technique was demonstrated in a mouse tumour model, which showed that the average tumour interstitial pH was significantly lower than the surrounding tissue. Given that bicarbonate is an endogenous molecule that can be infused in relatively high concentrations into patients, we propose that this technique could be used clinically to image pathological processes that are associated with alterations in tissue pH, such as cancer, ischaemia and inflammation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gallagher, Ferdia A -- Kettunen, Mikko I -- Day, Sam E -- Hu, De-En -- Ardenkjaer-Larsen, Jan Henrik -- Zandt, Rene in 't -- Jensen, Pernille R -- Karlsson, Magnus -- Golman, Klaes -- Lerche, Mathilde H -- Brindle, Kevin M -- C197/A3514/Cancer Research UK/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2008 Jun 12;453(7197):940-3. doi: 10.1038/nature07017. Epub 2008 May 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Robinson Way, Cambridge CB2 0RE, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18509335" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Acid-Base Equilibrium ; Animals ; Bicarbonates/*metabolism ; Carbon Dioxide/metabolism ; Carbon Isotopes ; Carbonic Anhydrases/metabolism ; Catalysis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Lymphoma/*diagnosis/*metabolism/pathology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging/*methods ; Mice ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Phantoms, Imaging
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    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    The CRAC channel consists of a tetramer formed by Stim-induced dimerization of Orai dimers (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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    Publication Date: 2008-09-30
    Description: Ca(2+)-release-activated Ca(2+) (CRAC) channels underlie sustained Ca(2+) signalling in lymphocytes and numerous other cells after Ca(2+) liberation from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). RNA interference screening approaches identified two proteins, Stim and Orai, that together form the molecular basis for CRAC channel activity. Stim senses depletion of the ER Ca(2+) store and physically relays this information by translocating from the ER to junctions adjacent to the plasma membrane, and Orai embodies the pore of the plasma membrane calcium channel. A close interaction between Stim and Orai, identified by co-immunoprecipitation and by Forster resonance energy transfer, is involved in the opening of the Ca(2+) channel formed by Orai subunits. Most ion channels are multimers of pore-forming subunits surrounding a central channel, which are preassembled in the ER and transported in their final stoichiometry to the plasma membrane. Here we show, by biochemical analysis after cross-linking in cell lysates and intact cells and by using non-denaturing gel electrophoresis without cross-linking, that Orai is predominantly a dimer in the plasma membrane under resting conditions. Moreover, single-molecule imaging of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-tagged Orai expressed in Xenopus oocytes showed predominantly two-step photobleaching, again consistent with a dimeric basal state. In contrast, co-expression of GFP-tagged Orai with the carboxy terminus of Stim as a cytosolic protein to activate the Orai channel without inducing Ca(2+) store depletion or clustering of Orai into punctae yielded mostly four-step photobleaching, consistent with a tetrameric stoichiometry of the active Orai channel. Interaction with the C terminus of Stim thus induces Orai dimers to dimerize, forming tetramers that constitute the Ca(2+)-selective pore. This represents a new mechanism in which assembly and activation of the functional ion channel are mediated by the same triggering molecule.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597643/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2597643/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Penna, Aubin -- Demuro, Angelo -- Yeromin, Andriy V -- Zhang, Shenyuan L -- Safrina, Olga -- Parker, Ian -- Cahalan, Michael D -- P30 CA062203/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS014609/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R37 NS014609-29/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Nov 6;456(7218):116-20. doi: 10.1038/nature07338. Epub 2008 Sep 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, California 92697-4561, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18820677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Calcium Channels/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Cell Line ; Cross-Linking Reagents ; Drosophila Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*chemistry/*metabolism ; Humans ; Membrane Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism ; Oocytes/metabolism ; Photobleaching ; Protein Multimerization ; Protein Structure, Quaternary ; Xenopus ; Xenopus Proteins/*chemistry/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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